Handbook of Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health Mindfulness in Behavioral Health
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Mindfulness in Behavioral Health Series Editor: Nirbhay N. Singh Akihiko Masuda William T. O’Donohue Editors Handbook of Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health Mindfulness in Behavioral Health Series Editor Nirbhay N. Singh Medical College of Georgia Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8678 Akihiko Masuda • William T. O’Donohue Editors Handbook of Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health 123 Editors Akihiko Masuda William T. O’Donohue Department of Psychology Department of Psychology University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Nevada Honolulu, HI Reno, NV USA USA ISSN 2195-9579 ISSN 2195-9587 (electronic) Mindfulness in Behavioral Health ISBN 978-3-319-54593-6 ISBN 978-3-319-54595-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54595-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017933065 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to our wives, Migdalia and Jane Contents Introduction: Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health ........ 1 William T. O’Donohue, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Zen and Zen Buddhism: An Overview ...................... 17 Shudo Ishii, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Zen and Japanese Culture ................................ 29 Akihiko Masuda Part I Zen: Overview and Foundations What Is Zen?: The Path of Just Sitting...................... 47 Shohaku Okumura A Brief Note on Zazen ................................... 63 Tairyu Tsunoda, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent The Role and the Present Significance of Koans ............... 67 Daiko Matsuyama Zen and Body .......................................... 77 Kenshu Sugawara, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Zen and Language: Zen Mondo and Koan ................... 85 Takashi Ogawa, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Part II Zen: Everyday Living and Current Evidence Zen and Desire ......................................... 95 Kiyozumi Seijun Ishii, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Zen, Self, and Personality ................................. 105 Hidetaka Shuryu Okajima, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Every Day is a Fine Day.................................. 115 Mike K. Sayama Zen and Forgiveness ..................................... 125 Shoryu Bradley vii viii Contents Zen and Science: Zen as an Ethical Guideline for Scientists’ Conducts .............................................. 141 Rosan Yoshida Part III Application of Zen to Behavioral Healthcare Issues Zen and Behavioral Health: A Review of the Evidence ......... 153 Kenneth P. Kushner Zen and Psychotherapy .................................. 169 Peiwei Li and Daniel Rodriguez Ramirez Zen’s Thoughts on Psychopathology and Wellness............. 195 Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent What Is Measured by Self-report Measures of Mindfulness?: Conceptual and Measurement Issues ........................ 215 Sungjin Im Remembering-and-Receiving: Mindfulness and Acceptance in Zen................................................. 237 Josh Bartok and Lizabeth Roemer Brief Thoughts on Zen and Behavior Therapy ................ 251 Marsha Linehan and Kayla Sargent Zen, Mindfulness, and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy............ 255 Holly Hazlett-Stevens Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Zen Buddhism...... 271 Kenneth Po-Lun Fung and Josephine Pui-Hing Wong Zen, Pain, Suffering, and Death ............................ 289 Gordon M. Greene Application of Zen Practices and Principles for Professionals/ Advocates Who Work for Survivors of Trauma and Violence ... 303 Norma Wong Zen Incarcerated: A Personal Essay ........................ 313 Jeffrey Schneider Index ................................................. 323 Editors and Contributors About the Editors Akihiko Masuda Ph.D. is an assistant professor of clinical psychology at University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was on the Georgia State University faculty between 2007 and 2016 (assistant professor 2007–2013; associate professor with tenure 2013–2016). Dr. Masuda was born and raised in Nagano, Japan, and moved to the USA for his psychology career. His primary areas of interest include acceptance- and mindfulness-based behavioral ther- apies, diversity, and Zen Buddhism. He is the author of more than 80 peer-reviewed papers and chapters. He is the editor of the book, Mindfulness and Acceptance in Multicultural Competency (New Harbinger, 2014). William T. O’Donohue Ph.D. is a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno. He has published research on evidence-based practice in behavioral health, focusing on cognitive behavior therapy. Dr. O’Donohue has published more than 80 books and 300 journal articles and chapters. He served as a principle investigator on a number of grants that have focused on the transfer of technology to practice, including a grant investigating transferring integrated care to a variety of medical settings in Hawaii. Contributors Josh Bartok Greater Boston Zen Center, Boundless Way Zen, Cambridge, USA Shoryu Bradley Gyobutsuji Zen Monastery, Kingston, USA Kenneth Po-Lun Fung University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Gordon M. Greene Spring Green Dojo, Spring Green, WI, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USAMeriter Hospital, Madison, WI, USA, Spring Green, WI, USA Holly Hazlett-Stevens University of Nevada, Reno, USA Sungjin Im University of Nevada, Reno, USA Kiyozumi Seijun Ishii Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan Shudo Ishii Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan Kenneth P. Kushner Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wi, USA ix x Contributors Peiwei Li Springfield College, Springfield, USA Marsha Linehan University of Washington, Seattle, USA Akihiko Masuda University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Daiko Matsuyama Taizoin Zen Buddhist Temple, Kyoto, Japan Takashi Ogawa Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan Hidetaka Shuryu Okajima Aichigakuin University, Aichi, Japan Shohaku Okumura Sanshin Zen Community, Bloomington, USA William T. O’Donohue University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA Daniel Rodriguez Ramirez University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA Lizabeth Roemer University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA Kayla Sargent University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Mike K. Sayama Chozen-ji, International Zen Dojo, Honolulu, HI, USA Jeffrey Schneider San Francisco Zen Center, California, USA Kenshu Sugawara Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan Tairyu Tsunoda Komazawa University, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan Josephine Pui-Hing Wong Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada Norma Wong Institute of Zen Studies, Honululu, HI, USA Rosan Yoshida Missouri Zen Center, Webster Groves, MO, USA Introduction: Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health William T. O’Donohue, Akihiko Masuda and Kayla Sargent Keywords Zen Á Buddhism Á Behavioral health Á Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Á Mindfulness The rationale for this book is fourfold. First, in source for the construct of mindfulness recent decades, there has been increased interest (Kabat-Zinn 2003; Robins 2002; Van Gordon in the implication of mindfulness for improving a et al. 2015a, b); thus, part of the rationale of this wide variety of problems in behavioral health book is that it might be useful to explore this root (Brown et al. 2007; Hayes et al. 2004; Hofmann source in more detail with the focus on Zen et al. 2010). We think this generally is an adap- Buddhism. This exploration might result in a tive trend as there is significant research showing deeper understanding of mindfulness as it can a wide variety of beneficial effects of mindful- reveal its context and the system of interrelated ness techniques both alone and as an adjunctive beliefs that help define it. treatment with conventional cognitive behavioral Second, we pose the question of whether it is techniques (Hazlett-Stevens, this volume). This optimal to pluck a technique or construct such as is particularly important as these interventions mindfulness or acceptance from one interrelated seem to be helpful for problems that are epidemic body of beliefs and apply them within another. in behavioral health, such as depression,