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A LM III Pottery Workshop in Rethymno

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A LM III Pottery Workshop in Rethymno ΣΕΜΙΝΑΡΙΟ ΜΙΝΩΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ/MINOAN SEMINAR Παρασκευή 22 Ιανουαρίου 2010, ώρα 18.30 Friday 22 January 2010, at 18.30 Φωτεινή Νέζερη Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού / Ministry of Culture «Εργαστήριο Αρμένων» ένα ΥΜ ΙΙΙ κεραμικό εργαστήριο στο Ρέθυμνο The “Armenoi Workshop” a LM III pottery workshop in Rethymno Το σεμινάριο θα δοθεί στα ελληνικά/The Seminar will be in Greek ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ, ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟΥ 22 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, PANEPISTIMIOU 22 ΣΕΜΙΝΑΡΙΟ ΜΙΝΩΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ Παρασκευή 22 Ιανουαρίου 2010, ώρα 18.30 Φωτεινή Νέζερη «Εργαστήριο Αρμένων» : ένα ΥΜ ΙΙΙ κεραμικό εργαστήριο στο Ρέθυμνο Στόχος της ανακοίνωσης είναι η έρευνα σχετικά με το κεραμικό εργαστήριο της επαρχίας Ρεθύμνης, την ακριβή προέλευσή του και τη σχέση του με τα άλλα εργαστήρια της Κρήτης. Η συγκεκριμένη μελέτη συμπληρώνει την εικόνα της κεραμικής της Κρήτης σ’ αυτή την περίοδο και διασαφηνίζει τον ρόλο της τοπικής κεραμικής παραγωγής. Πρόσφατη έρευνα σε κεραμικό υλικό της επαρχίας Ρεθύμνης έδειξε την ύπαρξη μιας ομάδας αγγείων που παρουσιάζουν έντονη συγγένεια μεταξύ τους με διακριτά, τοπικά χαρακτηριστικά. Συγκεκριμένα, αυτά αφορούν στη σύσταση του πηλού, στα σχήματα και στη διακόσμηση. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας προέκυψαν μετά την εξέταση, τόσο του αδημοσίευτου υλικού του νεκροταφείου των Αρμένων της τελικής ανακτορικής περιόδου, όσο και της δημοσιευμένης κεραμικής από τα νεκροταφεία του Μασταμπά, του Αποδούλου, του Μαρουλά και της Πηγής. Η δραστηριότητα του εργαστηρίου ξεκινά με λίγα προϊόντα κατά την ΥΜ ΙΙΙ Α1 και συνεχίζεται ως στην ΥΜ ΙΙΙ Β. Ωστόσο, η πλειονότητα των προϊόντων κατατάσσεται στυλιστικά στην ΥΜ ΙΙΙ Α2 περίοδο. Από την τυπολογική μελέτη παρατηρείται ότι το εργαστήριο είχε μια ιδιαίτερη προτίμηση στα κλειστά σχήματα αγγείων (τρίωτο και δίωτο κυλινδρικό αλάβαστρο, τρίωτο αλαβαστροειδές και αμφορίσκος), τα οποία φαίνεται ότι προορίζονταν κυρίως για ταφική χρήση. Γενικότερα, από τη μελέτη των αγγείων της τοπικής ομάδας προκύπτει ότι η συγκεκριμένη κεραμική, που συνιστά ένα εργαστηριακά ομοιογενές σύνολο, υιοθετεί πολλά από τα στοιχεία εκείνα που χαρακτηρίζουν την μυκηναϊκή κεραμική. Συμπερασματικά, θα μπορούσε να αναφερθεί ότι τα υπό μελέτη αγγεία, σύμφωνα με τυπολογικά και τεχνοτροπικά κριτήρια και σε συνδυασμό με τις αναλύσεις του πηλού, αποτελούν ένα ενιαίο σύνολο, το οποίο ανήκει στο ίδιο κεραμικό εργαστήρι. Τόσο η συγκριτική αρχαιολογική, όσο και αρχαιομετρική μελέτη της κεραμικής του Ρεθύμνου σε σχέση με τα άλλα κρητικά εργαστήρια της τελικής ανακτορικής περιόδου, ενισχύουν το συμπέρασμα αυτό. Τα αγγεία του τοπικού αυτού εργαστηρίου επιχωριάζουν, κυρίως, στο νεκροταφείο των Αρμένων, αλλά εντοπίζονται σποραδικά και στα υπόλοιπα νεκροταφεία της περιοχής του Ρεθύμνου, όπως τον Μαρουλάς, την Πηγή, τη Μέση και τον Σταυρωμένο. Γενικότερα, γίνεται προσπάθεια να ενταχθεί το υλικό στη ευρύτερη εικόνα της ΥΜ ΙΙΙ κεραμικής παραγωγής στην Κρήτη. Άλλωστε, η συνεισφορά της έρευνας της τοπικής και περιφερειακής κεραμικής παραγωγής δεν συμβάλλει μόνο στην διευκρίνιση των ερωτημάτων τεχνικών κατασκευής, αλλά πέρα απ’ αυτό χρησιμεύει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της οικονομικής ιστορίας της Μινωικής Κρήτης. MINOAN SEMINAR Friday 22 January 2010, at 18.30 FOTINI NEZERI The “Armenoi Workshop”: a LM III pottery workshop in Rethymno The subject of this presentation is the study of a LM III pottery workshop in the province of Rethymno, its exact location and its relation to other Cretan workshops. This study adds to the picture of ceramic production in LM III Crete and clarifies the role of local workshops. A recent study of the ceramic material from the area of Rethymno demonstrated the existence of a pottery assemblage consisting of local vessels with common and rather distinctive features, namely clay composition, shapes and decoration. This conclusion was based on the study of the unpublished material from the Armenoi cemetery, dated to the Final Palatial period, as well as of published pottery from the cemeteries of Mastambas, Apodoulou, Maroulas and Pigi. The activity of the workshop commences in LM IIIA1 with limited production and continues until LM IIIB. According to the stylistic study, production reaches its peak during the LM IIIA2 period. The workshop shows particular preference for closed shapes (three‐ and two‐handled alabastra, three‐handled alabastra‐type vases, and amphoriskoi), mostly for funerary use. This local pottery assemblage is homogeneous and adopts many elements characterising the Mycenaean pottery. To conclude, it can be suggested that, on the basis of their typology and style, and according to the analytical results, these vessels constitute a homogeneous group, deriving from the same pottery workshop. The results of the archaeological and archaeometric study of the Rethymno pottery were compared to the data available from other Final Palatial Cretan workshops and the outcome reinforces the conclusion of a common provenance. Products of this local workshop are mainly found in the cemetery of Armenoi, but are also sporadically encountered in the other cemeteries of the Rethymno area, such as Maroulas, Pigi, Mesi and Stavromenos. The last issue to be addressed is the position of this material within the broader picture of LM III pottery production in Crete. Furthermore, the study of local and regional pottery production not only clarifies issues of ceramic technology but also contributes to a better understanding of the economic history of Minoan Crete. .
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