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St.Andrews State Park Bay County, Florida CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF 55.44 ACRES AT ST. ANDREWS STATE PARK BAY COUNTY, FLORIDA CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF 55.44 ACRES AT ST. ANDREWS STATE PARK BAY COUNTY, FLORIDA PREPAED FOR CPH, INC. 1031-CW 23RD STREET PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA 32405 BY E. NIKOLAUS DUDLEY AND NATHAN MOUNTJOY L. Janice Campbell Principal Investigator PRENTICE THOMAS & ASSOCIATES, INC. REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 1544 NOVEMBER 2019 This page intentionally left blank. ii ABSTRACT In August of 2019, CPH, Inc., contracted with Prentice Thomas and Associates, Inc., to conduct a cultural resources assessment survey of 55.44 acres located in St. Andrews State Park in Bay County, Florida. Located in the area of the existing campground which has been prone to flooding, CPH, Inc., has been tasked with conducting planned drainage improvements to alleviate or eliminate the flooding in the campground area. The purpose of the cultural resource assessment survey was to determine if the proposed undertaking posed a threat to known or yet undiscovered cultural resources. The area of planned drainage improvements had not been previously surveyed, but the background research revealed the presence of one known prehistoric site, 8BY171. Therefore, relocating this site, if still present, was another objective of the current effort. Fifty- nine 50 cm by 50 cm survey shovel tests were laid out on a systematic grid, however, 15 were no- digs due to disturbance associated with the construction of the campgrounds and/or the presence of standing water. Therefore, the investigations consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey across the entire tract and the excavation of 44 50 cm by 50 cm shovel tests. The plotted location of 8BY171 was carefully examined but that prehistoric site appears to have been lost to erosion. No new sites were encountered, so the proposed drainage improvements pose no threat of impact to any cultural resources and no further work is recommended. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 Location .............................................................................................................................. 2 Project Synopsis .................................................................................................................. 3 Unexpected Discoveries ...................................................................................................... 3 Report Organization ............................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER TWO: ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW ................................................................. 5 Geography and Geology ..................................................................................................... 5 Soils and Associated Natural Vegetation ............................................................................ 8 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................... 10 Climate .............................................................................................................................. 10 Natural Communities ........................................................................................................ 11 Past ........................................................................................................................ 11 Present ................................................................................................................... 13 The Environment and Cultural Resources ........................................................................ 15 CHAPTER THREE CULTURAL OVERVIEW .......................................................................... 17 Previous Work .................................................................................................................. 17 Prehistoric Culture Sequence ............................................................................................ 24 Paleoindian (± 12,000–8000 B.C.) ....................................................................... 24 Archaic (ca. 8,000 – 600-500 B.C.) ...................................................................... 28 Woodland (500 B.C. – A.D. 1000) ....................................................................... 32 Mississippian (A.D. 1000 – 1500) ........................................................................ 37 Historic Sequence ............................................................................................................. 38 Exploration and Colonial Eras (A.D. 1500 – 1821) .............................................. 38 First Spanish Period (A.D. 1559 – 1763) .............................................................. 39 British Period (A.D. 1776 – 1781) ........................................................................ 40 Second Spanish Period (1781 – 1821) .................................................................. 40 The Early American Era (A.D. 1821 – 1861) ....................................................... 41 The Civil War and Local Impact (A.D. 1861 – 1865) .......................................... 42 The Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (A.D. 1865 – 1940) ........... 42 Military Era (A.D. 1940 – Present) ....................................................................... 48 St. Andrews State Park: Historical Sketch ............................................................ 56 CHAPTER FOUR: PROJECT METHODS AND FINDINGS .................................................... 59 Background and Literature Review .................................................................................. 59 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Setting ............................................................................................................................... 61 Fieldwork .......................................................................................................................... 61 Assessing Cultural Sensitivity .............................................................................. 61 Survey Procedures ................................................................................................ 62 Findings............................................................................................................................. 65 Site Description ................................................................................................................. 65 8BY171 ................................................................................................................. 65 Previous Investigations ............................................................................. 65 Setting ....................................................................................................... 65 Current Work ............................................................................................ 66 Interpretations, Recommendations, and Evaluation ................................. 66 CHAPTER FIVE: MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................. 67 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................................. 69 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Florida map showing location of St. Andrews State Park in Bay County ...................... 1 Figure 2. Portion of the Panama City and Beacon Beach 7.5-minute quadrangles, showing St. Andrews State Park outlined in red ................................................................................................ 2 Figure 3. Map showing land mass of Pleistocene Florida compared with today’s shoreline ......... 5 Figure 4. Age of the surface sediments of the Bay County Area ................................................... 6 Figure 5. Soils mapped in the study area ........................................................................................ 9 Figure 6. Natural communities at St. Andrews State Park ........................................................... 14 Figure 7. 1921 L. L. Poates Co. Map with Cromanton and other communities ........................... 46 Figure 8. Southern Turpentine Still on St. Andrew Bay ............................................................... 48 Figure 9. Deannie Parish in front of P-47 Thunderbolt on the flight line at Tyndall AFB, Florida ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Figure 10. Location of survey area in relation to archaeological sites documented at St. Andrews State Park ...................................................................................................................................... 60 Figure 11. View of vegetation in the APE, facing northeast 30 m northeast of SST 30 .............. 62 Figure 12. Aerial photograph of APE with SSTs overlaid ........................................................... 63 Figure 13. View of
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