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Two New Harlequin Frogs (Anura: Atelopus) from the Andes of Northern Peru Pablo J Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Publications Department of Zoology 2008 Two New Harlequin Frogs (Anura: Atelopus) from the Andes of Northern Peru Pablo J. Venegas Alessandro Catenazzi Southern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected] Karen Siu Ting Jorge Carrillo Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/zool_pubs Published in Salamandra , Issue 44 (2008) at http://www.salamandra-journal.com/ index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=66 Recommended Citation Venegas, Pablo J., Catenazzi, Alessandro, Siu Ting, Karen and Carrillo, Jorge. "Two New Harlequin Frogs (Anura: Atelopus) from the Andes of Northern Peru." (Jan 2008). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Zoology at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Two new harlequin frogs from Peru SALAMANDRA 44 3 163-176 Rheinbach, 20 August 2008 ISSN 0036-3375 Two new harlequin frogs (Anura: Atelopus) from the Andes of northern Peru Pablo J. Venegas, Alessandro Catenazzi, Karen Siu-Ting & Jorge Carrillo Abstract. Two new species of Atelopus (harlequin frogs) are described from the Andes of northern Peru, one from the northern Cordillera de Huancabamba (Departamento de Piura), 2,950 m elevation, and the other from an inter-Andean valley of the upper Marañon basin, Cordillera Central (Departamento de La Libertad), 2,620 m elevation. We also suggest the possible link between infection by the chytrid fungus and mortality of harlequin frogs in the upper Marañon basin in 999. Key words. Bufonidae, Atelopus patazensis sp. n., A. eusebiodiazi sp. n., Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Marañon basin, Cordillera de Huancabamba, Peru. Introduction lations while Lips et al. (2008) rejected this hypothesis, suggesting that the loss of amphi- With more than 00 species Atelopus Du- bians in Central and South America are best méril & Bibron, 84 constitutes the most explained by Bd spreading through upland species-rich genus of Bufonidae in the Neo- populations. tropics (La Marca et al. 2005). Most Atelo- Atelopus currently includes 3 nominally pus species occur in montane habitats above described species in Peru, one third of which ,500 m elevation and have relatively restric- has been described in the last five years (Löt- ted distributions (e.g. Lötters 996). Atelo- ters & Henzl 2000, Lötters et al. 2002a, b, pus appears to belongs to be one of the most 2005a, Lötters 2003, 2007, Venegas & Bar- threatened amphibian genera worldwide, rio 2005, Coloma et al. 2007). One of the since populations of most of its species have main reasons for the recent increase in the dramatically declined over the past two de- number of known species is collecting from cades, even in sites little affected by anthro- unexplored areas throughout the Andes (e.g. pogenic alteration (La Marca et al. 2005). Rapid Biological Inventories, Lehr 2002). At Life history traits, dependence on montane least 7 additional forms of Peruvian Atelo- stream habitats and the restricted distribu- pus remain to be described, including those tions of Atelopus species seem to contribute that probably represent new taxa (Lötters to the vulnerability of these amphibians. La et al. 2005b). Most Atelopus species have re- Marca et al. (2005) reported that up to 75% latively small distribution ranges with many of the species in the genus with distributions species only known from a single populati- restricted to elevations over ,000 m have dis- on confined to one stream system (Lötters appeared. Chytridiomycosis, a fungal infec- 996). Population declines have already been tion caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobati- reported for Atelopus species in northeastern dis (Bd), has been associated with declining Peru (see Lips et al 2008). Bd is suspected to populations in at least nine species of Central be affecting the populations of Atelopus spe- and South American Atelopus (La Marca et cies in this country, but its occurrence – in al. 2005). Pounds et al. (2006) suggested a relation to time and space – remains largely link of Bd infection and climate change as the unexplored (La Marca et al. 2005, Lötters cause for declination of Andean frog popu- et al. 2005b). © 2008 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT) http://www.salamandra-journal.com 163 Pablo J. Venegas et al. The purpose of this paper is to describe nol. We studied four individuals collected in two new species of Atelopus, one from the 993 (MUSM 5893-5896) and three collec- northern portion of the Cordillera of Huan- ted in 999 (MUSM 283-285), all from the cabamba and the other from the northern type locality. Skin samples measured appro- portion of the Cordillera Central in the up- ximately 5 × 0 mm and were obtained from per Marañon basin. We also document the vertical sections in the inner part of thighs earliest known record of Bd in Atelopus in the and from longitudinal sections in the toes to northern Andes of Peru. maximize the length of stratum corneum in the sample. We examined at least three rep- licates of thigh sections and three replicates Materials and methods of toe section for each individual. All skin samples were dehydrated, cleared, embed- We followed the format of Coloma et al. ded in paraffin, cut into 5 μm thick sections (2000) along with some diagnostic charac- and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and ters of Lötters et al. (2005a). We describe PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff), thus following the webbing formulae using the system of Sa- the procedure described by Druny & Wal- vage & Heyer (969), as modified by Myers lington (980). We examined samples at & Duellman (982) and Savage & Heyer 400x and 000x and categorized them as ne- (997). Sex was determined through exter- gative when we could not find any structu- nal sexually dimorphic characters typical in re of Bd, and positive when we encountered the genus (e.g. Lötters 996). Morphome- zoospores or other structures of the fungus tric data to the nearest 0. mm were taken (see L. Berger, R. Speare & A. Kent: Dia- with dial callipers, following the character gnosis of chytridiomycosis in amphibians by definitions of Gray & Cannatella (985), histologic examination: http://www.jcu.edu. except for length of flexed forearm and sac- au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/histo/chhisto. rum width (see Coloma et al. 2000). Ab- htm – latest access: 20 November 999). breviations of measurements used are: snout vent length (SVL); tibia length (TIBL); foot length (FOOT); head length from the squa- Atelopus eusebiodiazi sp. n. mosal (HLSQ); head length from the exoc- (Figs. -4) cipital (HLEX); interorbital distance (IOD); head width (HDWD); eye diameter (EYDM); Atelopus sp. 8: Venegas & Cisneros 2005: eye to nostril distance (EYNO); internari- 54. al distance (ITNA); length of flexed fore- arm (RDUL); hand length (HAND); thumb Holotype: MUSM 738, an adult female length (THBL) and sacrum width (SW). from Huamba, 22 km ESE (airline) of Aya- Data on other Atelopus species were taken baca (4°43’7.2” S, 79°3’50.88” W) at elevation from literature sources (as mentioned th- 2,950 m, near Cerro Mayordomo, Provincia roughout text) and examination of preserved de Ayabaca, Departamento de Piura, Peru, material at Museo de Historia Natural de la obtained by Eusebio Diaz between 9 and 25 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos September 987. (MUSM), Lima. Paratopotypes: MUSM 733, 735-737, We used histological preparations to stu- adult males, MUSM 734, 74, 739 adult fe- dy the infection with Bd in skin tissues of males. one of the new species described. Skin samp- les were examined from specimens that had Diagnosis: () Large-sized Atelopus (SVL been fixed in 0% formalin after collection in males 35.9-4.0 mm, x = 38.3, n = 5; females the field, and have been stored in 70% etha- 43.4-47.4 mm, x =4.4, n = 3); (2) hind lim- 164 Two new harlequin frogs from Peru Fig. 1. Lateral and dorsal views of holotype of Atelopus eusebiodiazi. Bars equal 5 mm. bs short, tibiotarsal articulation reaching at least to temporal crest when leg adpressed forward along body (TIBL/SV L = 0.3-0.37, n = 8); FOOT > TIBL; (3) phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3 (determined by external ex- amination), finger webbing absent; (4) foot Fig. 2. Palm and sole of holotype of Atelopus eus- webbing formula I (0)–(0) II (0)–(0 to 0+) ebiodiazi. Bars equal 5 mm. III (0 to -)–(0+ to 2-) IV (0+ to 2-)–(0 to 0+) V; (5) head longer than wide; snout acumi- 992 (including its junior synonym A. negreti nate with blunt point in dorsal view, protru- Ruiz-Carranza, Vélez-Rodriguez & Ar- ding beyond lower jaw; (6) tympanic memb- dila-Robayo, 995), A. galactogaster Rivero rane and tympanic annulus absent; (7) dorsal & Serna, 99, A. longirostris Cope, 868, A. surface of body bearing few warts and scatte- lynchi Cannatella, 98, A. nicefori Rivero, red coni, more dense on the posterior half of 963, A. petersi Coloma, Lötters, Duell- dorsum and dorsal surface of thighs; (8) yel- man & Miranda-Leiva, 2007 and A. subor- low or cream coni (in preservative) and some natus Werner, 899. Atelopus chocoensis can spiculae in the postorbital region, flanks, be distinguished by having a prominent su- and dorsolateral region; (9) vertebral neural pratympanic crest and a more elongate snout processes inconspicuous; (0) in preservati- (Lötters 992); A. famelicus differs by ha- ve, dorsal surface black or dark brown with ving with numerous black dots on the ven- yellow or cream irregular marks and with an ter (Castro & Bolivar 2005: 76); A. galac- irregular cream or yellow stripe that extends togaster is distinguished by lacking spiculae dorsolaterally from the tip of the snout to and coni on flanks and by exhibiting white the groin; flanks black; () venter yellowish ventral coloration (Rivero & Serna 99); A.
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