Hypsugo 5(1), 2020

ISSN 2637-2142

Glasnik za istraživanje šišmiša Balkana/Journal of bat research in the Balkans Godina V, Br. 1, 2020

HYPSUGO Glasnik za istraživanje šišmiša Balkana Journal of Bat Research in the Balkans

Izdavači/publishers Centar za krš i speleologiju, Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina Centar za životnu sredinu, Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina Društvo za očuvanje divljih životinja Mustela, Beograd, Srbija Crnogorsko društvo ekologa, Podgorica, Crna Gora

Redakcija/Editorial Board Marina Radonjić (Podgorica), Branko Karapandža (Beograd), Jasminko Mulaomerović (Sarajevo), Jasmin Pašić (Banja Luka), Primož Presetnik (Ljubljana), Dina Rnjak (Zagreb), Philippe Théou (Tirana)

Urednik/Editor Jasminko Mulaomerović

Uputstva za autore/Instruction for authors http://centarzakrs.ba/sismisi/hypsugo/

Fotografija na korici/Cover photo Barbastella barbastellus foto/photo: Primož Presetnik

Grafičko oblikovanje Tin Rožman

Dizajn korice/Cover design Aleksandar Škorić

DTP & print TDP d.o.o. Sarajevo

ISSN 2637-2142 (online) ISSN 2490-3094 (print) ISSN 2490-3094

Glasnik za istraživanje šišmiša Balkana | Journal of Bat Research in the Balkans Godina V, Br. 1, 2020

SADRŽAJ CONTENT

IZVORNI ČLANCI | ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Results of bat survey during biology students research camp “Biology and Ecology Research Camp - Gornji Petrovci 2017” (Slovenia) Rezultati istraživanja faune šišmiša tijekom istraživačkog kampa studenata biologije “Biološko-ekološki istraživački kamp - Gornji Petrovci 2017” (Slovenija) ��4 EVA PAVLOVIČ

New data on bats from the Shkodër/Skadar lake – Buna/Bojana river transboundary area (Albania and Montenegro) Novi podaci o slijepim miševima prekograničnog područja Skadarsko jezero-rijeka Bojana (Albanija i Crna Gora) ��14 PHILIPPE THÉOU, MARINA RADONJIĆ, ERVIS LOÇE, ALEKSANDAR STOJANOV, STEFAN RALEVIĆ

KRATKA SAOPŠTENJA | SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Aktivnost noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus noctula) u Alipašinom polju u Sarajevu (jesen 2018 – proljeće 2019) i novo zabilježen tip socijalnog glasanja (Bosna i Hercegovina) Activity of a Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctula) in Alipašino polje, Sarajevo (autumn 2018 – spring 2019) and previously undescribed variant of a social call (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ��29 JASMINKO MULAOMEROVIĆ

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BILJEŠKE S TERENA | FIELD NOTES

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, 10. 11. 2019, Odušak cave, Suha, Tajan mountain (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, 10. 11. 2019, pećina Odušak, Suha, planina Tajan (Bosna i Hercegovina) ��36 EMIR BALIĆ, ADMIR BAJRAKTAREVIĆ

Nyctalus leisleri, 22. 4. 2016, Vrbaska river, Kozara mountain, 5. 7. 2019, Tušila village, Visočica mountain (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Nyctalus leisleri, 22. 4. 2016, Vrbaska rijeka, Kozara planina, 5. 7. 2019, selo Tušila, Visočica planina (Bosna i Hercegovina) ��38 JASMINKO MULAOMEROVIĆ, ADISA DŽEVLAN, FAHRA ČOLPA, IVAN NAPOTNIK, JASMIN PAŠIĆ, PRIMOŽ PRESETNIK

Vespertilio murinus, 26. 7. 2019, Nikovići, Pivska planina mountain (Montenegro) Vespertilio murinus, 26. 7. 2019, Nikovići, Pivska planina (Crna Gora) ��41 JASMINKO MULAOMEROVIĆ, MIRALEM HUSANOVIĆ, PRIMOŽ PRESETNIK

Myotis bechsteinii and Rhinolophus hipposideros, 28. 7. 2019, Mratinje village, Plužine (Crna Gora) Myotis bechsteinii i Rhinolophus hipposideros, 28. 7. 2019, selo Mratinje, Plužine (Montenegro) ��43 JASMINKO MULAOMEROVIĆ, MIRALEM HUSANOVIĆ

Myotis mystacinus, 9. 8. 2019, Rhinolophus euryale, 18. 8. 2019, Škocjan Caves Regional Park, Divača (Slovenia) Myotis mystacinus, 9. 8. 2019, Rhinolophus euryale, 18. 8. 2019, Regijski park Škocjanske jame, Divača (Slovenija) ��46 PRIMOŽ PRESETNIK, AJA ZAMOLO, EVA PAVLOVIČ

Barbastella barbastellus, 23.1.2019, 26.1.2020, cave Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču, Mislinja (Slovenia) Barbastella barbastellus, 23. 1. 2019, 26. 1. 2020, Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču, Mislinja (Slovenija) ��50 PRIMOŽ PRESETNIK, AJA ZAMOLO, EVA PAVLOVIČ, JASMINA KOTNIK, MONIKA PODGORELEC

Hypsugo, V, 1, 2020 3 IZVORNI ČLANAK | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Results of bat survey during biology students research camp “Biology and Ecology Research Camp - Gornji Petrovci 2017” (Slovenia)

Rezultati istraživanja faune šišmiša tijekom istraživačkog kampa studenata biologije “Biološko-ekološki istraživački kamp - Gornji Petrovci 2017” (Slovenija)

Eva Pavlovič1

1 Ulica bratov Učakar 22, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia) E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Students Association of Natural Sciences (Maribor, Slovenia) organized a biology students research camp “3rd Biology and Ecology Research Camp – Gornji Petrovci 2017” from 30th July to 4th August 2017 in the Goričko Nature Park in the north-east part of Slovenia. As members of the bat research group we inspected 14 potential bat roosts (12 buildings, 2 tunnels) and mist netted four times at different locations. We identified 10 bat species:Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis myotis, M. bechsteinii, M. nattereri, M. mystacinus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus serotinus, Plecotus auritus, Pl. austriacus and Miniopterus schreibersii. Our records of M. nattereri, M. mystacinus and P. kuhlii mist netted during the survey are the first reliable confirmation of their presence in the Park. We also recorded M. bechsteinii and Pl. auritus at a second site within the Park and a new nursery roost of Pl. austriacus.

Key words: Chiroptera, roosts survey, mist netting, Goričko, Slovenia

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Sažetak

Društvo studenata prirodnih znanosti (Maribor, Slovenija) organiziralo je biološki istraživački kamp “3. Biološko-ekološki istraživački kamp Gornji Petrovci 2017” izme- đu 30. jula i 4. augusta 2017. u Parku prirode Goričko u sjeveroistočnom dijelu Slo- venije. Kao članovi grupe za istraživanje šišmiša provjerili smo 14 mogućih skloništa šišmiša (12 zgrada, 2 tunela) i četiri puta postavili mreže za uzorkovanje šišmiša na različitim lokalitetima. Zabilježili smo 10 vrsta šišmiša: Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis myotis, M. bechsteinii, M. nattereri, M. mystacinus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus serotinus, Plecotus auritus, Pl. austriacus i Miniopterus schreibersii. Naši nalazi vrsta M. nattereri, M. mystacinus i P. kuhlii uhvaćenih mrežama tijekom istraživanja prva su sigurna potvr- da njihove prisutnost u Parku. Utvrdili smo prisutnost vrsta M. bechsteinii i Pl. auritus na tek drugom lokalitetu unutar Parka i novo sklonište porodiljne kolonije Pl. austriacus.

Ključne riječi: šišmiši, pregled skloništa, postavljanje mreža, Goričko, Slovenija

Introduction

The “3rd Biology and Ecology Research Camp – Gornji Petrovci 2017” was organized by Students Association of Natural Sciences from Maribor (Slovenia) and took place from 30th July to 4th August 2017 in the area of Goričko Natural Park. For the first time a bat research group was present at this camp, among the already established groups for botany, fungi, birds and dragonflies. Its purpose was to get the partici- pants acquainted with the basic field work techniques and obtain more data on bat populations present in the Goričko Nature Park.

Park is a part of the Natura 2000 network, located in the north-east part of Slovenia and borders on Austria and Hungary. It occupies an area of 462 km2, with lots of small hills, the highest being 418 m a.s.l.. Since it is not located in a karst area, there aren’t any known caves in the Park.

The first extensive bat survey in the Park was carried out in 1999, during a “Biology Students Research Camp - Šalovci 1999” (Koselj 2000), while detailed results were published a decade later by Presetnik et al. (2009). Additional research of possible bat roosts took place during the INTERREG III project from 2005 to 2007 (Presetnik 2007). Some additional potential bat roosts were surveyed as a part of the state bat monitoring when some of the important bat roosts were discovered and included in the state monitoring, where they also included the ultrasound detector survey transect “Mačkovci”. Altogether, 16 bats species were found in this Park prior to this survey (Presetnik 2015).

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Materials and methods

During the survey we dedicated half of our time to surveying seven of the already known bat roosts and the other half to checking other churches as potential bat roosts in this area (Table 1, Figure 1). In total we surveyed eight churches and chap- els, two abandoned buildings, both sides of an old abandoned railway tunnel and the cellars, attic and belfry of a castle.

We mist netted four times, once at the northern entrance of the abandoned railway tunnel (collapsed in the middle), the second time at the entrance of the castle Grad na Goričkem cellars, then at the pond in the village Adrijanci and finally above the river Velika Krka in the village Šalovci. We used monofilament mist nets (Ecotone Mist Net) which we set up a little before sunset and usually took down two to three hours later. When a bat was caught, we determined its species (Dietz et al. 2009), sex, age and reproductive status, after which we released him unharmed. At certain locations we also used heterodyne ultrasound detectors (Pettersson D200) to determine if the bats were present.

Results and discussion

During the research camp we have recorded 10 bat species on 16 sites in the Goričko Nature Park (Figure 1, Table 1). The species were: Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros), Greater Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis myotis), Bechstein’s Bat (M. bechsteinii), Natterer’s Bat (M. nattereri), Whiskered Bat (M. mystacinus), Kuhl’s Pip- istrelle Bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii), Serotine Bat (Eptesicus serotinus), Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritus), Grey Long-eared Bat (Pl. austriacus) and Schreibers’s Bent-winged Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii).

Out of 30 bat species present in Slovenia (Presetnik & Šalamun 2019), only 16 species were found in the Goričko Nature Park during previous studies (Presetnik 2015). Higher number of bat species was probably not detected due to the lack of mist netting surveys, and partly because the area has no caves, which some species of bats often use as roosts, especially during maternity season and hibernation. Similarly, the number of species that we recorded during the camp (10), would have probably been higher if we had also used other survey methods, especially broad band ultrasound detectors along with more detailed sound analysis.

In all seven inspected previously known bat roosts we detected species already recorded during the previous surveys (Table 1). We also found two new bat roosts (M. myotis behind the shutters of evangelical chapel in Poznanovci, a nursery roost of

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Pl. austriacus and one adult male M. mystacinus in the chapel in Berkovci). Bats were once roosting in the chapel in the village Lucova, but probably not anymore, since the emergence holes through windows have been closed off with nets and three dead P. kuhlii were found inside. In four previously unchecked church buildings we found large-sized bat guano (cf. M. myotis) but didn’t see any bats. Additional surveys are necessary to determine if bats use these churches as a roost in other parts of the year. The belfry and attic in the evangelical chapel in Poznanovci probably aren’t used as a roost anymore as fine nets were installed on the windows of the belfry and we only found a small amount of old guano. In the other three buildings where guano was found (chapel in Ropoča, church in Gerlinci and belfry in Lončarovci), there were still some possible openings for bat emergence. In two of them (chapel in Ropoča, belfry in Lončarovci) we also found some fresh guano.

Figure 1. Surveyed sites in the area of Goričko Nature Park from 30 July to 4 August 2017. Slika 1. Lokaliteti istraživanja u Parku prirode Goričko u razdoblju od 30. jula do 4. augusta 2017. godine.

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Table 1. Sites, bats species, their numbers and used methods in the area of Goričko Nature Park from 30th July to 4th August 2017. (* - known bat roost (Presetnik 2015); juv – juvenile, ad – adult, subad – subadult, un – unknown age and sex, “/” – no bats found; method: M – measurements of bats / mist netting, O – visual observation, F – counting by using photography, K – skeleton remains) Tabela 1. Lokaliteti, vrste, broj jedinka šišmiša i upotrjebljene metode u Parku prirode Goričko u razdoblju od 30. jula do 4. augusta 2017. godine. (* - poznata skloništa šišmiša (Presetnik 2015); juv – mlad, ad – odrastao, subad - subadult, un – pol i starost nisu poznati, “/ ” – šišmiši nisu bili uočeni; metoda: M – mjere / hvatanje mrežama, O – opservacija, F – brojanje po fotografijama, K – pronađeni ostaci kostura)

Site (latitude, Site No. longitude) Date Bat species (no. of bats) Method Br. lok. Mjesto (geografska Datum Vrste šišmiša (br. jedinki) Metoda širina, dužina)

North entrance of an abandoned railway M. myotis/oxygnathus (5 un) O tunnel between M. myotis (1 ad) K 1* 31.7.17 Stanjevci and Mačkovci (46.80332°N, M. myotis (1 ad F, 2 ad M) M 16.17406°E) South entrance of an abandoned railway tunnel between M. myotis/oxygnathus (1 un) O 2* 31.7.17 Stanjevci and Mačkovci M. myotis (1 ad F) M (46.80206°N, 16.17198°E) Chapel in the village Lucova 3 1.8.17 P. kuhlii (3 un) K (46.83125°N, 16.21307°E) Abandoned building 100 m SE from the 4 chapel in Vidonci 1.8.17 / O (46.81554°N, 16.13239°E) Evangelical church in Gornji Petrovci E. serotinus (19 un) O 5* 1.8.17 (46.81657°N, M. myotis/oxygnathus (1 un) O 16.20621°E) Belfry and attic of the castle Grad na 6* Goričkem 1.8.17 R. hipposideros (22 un, 7 juv) O (46.80013°N, 16.09573°E) R. hipposideros (1 un) O M. myotis/oxygnathus (37 un) O, F Cellars of the castle Mi. schreibersii (18 un) O, F Grad na Goričkem 7* 1.8.17 (46.80013°N, R. hipposideros (2 juv M) M 16.09573°E) M. myotis (5 ad M, 17 ad F, 2 subad F) M Mi. schreibersii (4 ad M, 1 ad F, 1 juv F) M

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Site (latitude, Site No. longitude) Date Bat species (no. of bats) Method Br. lok. Mjesto (geografska Datum Vrste šišmiša (br. jedinki) Metoda širina, dužina)

old large-sized guano [in the attic and Evangelical chapel O in Poznanovci belfry] 8 2.8.17 (46.77054°N, M. myotis (1 ad M) [behind the O 16.12143°E) shutters] Chapel in Ropoča large-sized guano [old guano in the 9 (46.75962°N, 2.8.17 O attic, fresh guano above the bells] 16.02557°E) Church in Gerlinci large-sized guano [in the attic and 10 (46.76166°N, 2.8.17 O belfry] 16.00530°E) M. myotis (4 ad M) M Pond in the village M. bechsteinii (1 ad M) M Adrijanci M. nattereri (3 ad F) M 11 2.8.17 (46.81703°N, P. kuhlii (2 ad M, 1 juv F) M 16.22629°E) Pl. auritus (2 ad F) M Pl. austriacus (1 ad F) M Belfry in the village Lončarovci 12 3.8.17 old and fresh large-sized guano O (46.76768°N, 16.26817°E) Chapel in Berkovci M. mystacinus (1 ad M) M 13 (46.75240°N, 3.8.17 Pl. austriacus (4 un, 1 ad F, 1 juv F) O, M 16.29187°E) Evangelical church in Selo 14* 3.8.17 Plecotus sp. (4 un) O (46.73095°N, 16.27735°E) River Velika Krka near the bridge in Šalovci 15 3.8.17 M. mystacinus (1 ad F) M (46.81837°N, 16.29251°E) Abandoned school in Kančevci R. hipposideros (17 un, 10 ad, 14 juv, 16* 4.8.17 O (46.75131°N, 1 ad F) 16.23292°E)

We mist netted at the entrance of two already known bat roosts (the castle Grad na Goričkem and an old abandoned railway tunnel between Stanjevci and Mačkov- ci) as well as at new locations, where there was no previous data about bats (the pond in Adrijanci and river Velika Krka in Šalovci). All mist nettings were successful, especially the last two, where we caught some rarely seen species (M. bechsteinii, Pl. auritus) or species never before caught in the Park (M. nattereri, M. mystacinus,

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Figure 2. Mist netting location, the pond in the village Adrijanci. Slika 2. Lokalitet postavljanja mreža, lokva u selu Adrijanci. (photo/foto: Eva Pavlovič)

P. kuhlii). Obtained results indicate that mist netting is an important and valuable survey method, especially to detect species that are not often found in buildings and other larger roost sites.

M. myotis and the taxon M. myotis/oxygnathus are bat species which we detected most often. The later taxon most probably also refers to M. myotis since the presence of M. oxygnathus has not been recorded in the area during previous studies, nor recent- ly in the neighboring Austria or Hungary (Spitzenberger & Bauer 2001, Bihari 2007). Also at the sites where we managed to capture some individuals using mist nets or hand nets, all were determined as M. myotis species. The highest number of found M. myotis was in the cellar of the castle Grad na Goričkem. The cellar is not a nursery roost, but there is one in the nearby church in Grad, which is where most of them probably originated (Presetnik 2015). In the belfry of evangelical church in Gornji Pet- rovci we saw one individual M. myotis/oxygnathus that remained undetermined along with 19 individuals of E. serotinus. The church is a previously known nursery colony of E. serotinus, but since the late timing of the survey, the juveniles were already too big to safely distinguish them from the adults.

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Figure 3. Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus) caught in a mist net above the river Velika Krka in Šalovci. Slika 3. Brkati šišmiš (Myotis mystacinus) uhvaćen u mrežu iznad rijeke Velika Krka u naselju Šalovci. (photo/foto: Živa Bombek)

Before this survey M. nattereri and taxon M. mystacinus/brandtii were only determined in the Park using the heterodyne ultrasound detector and because of this, their determination was not entirely certain (Presetnik 2015). During the camp we mist netted three M. nattereri at the pond in the village Adrijanci. All of them were adult females that had a young that summer, but weren’t lactating anymore. We found one adult male M. mystacinus in the attic of the chapel in Berkovci and one adult female, that had a young that summer, but wasn’t lactating anymore, while mist netting over the river Velika Krka near the bridge in the village Šalovci. These findings confirm the presence and reproduction of both species in the area.

Similarly, we also confirmed the presence of P. kuhlii in the Park, as before this, only the presence of taxon P. kuhlii/nathusii was known (Presetnik 2015). We caught three of them while mist netting around the pond in Adrijanci and found three carcasses in the chapel in the village Lucova. The chapel had fine nets on the windows, so the bats probably could not find a way out once the nets were put up. Since we have also mist netted a juvenile female this suggests the species is most probably reproducing in the Park area.

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We found a second site of M. bechsteinii in the Park, which was previously found on just one site, while hibernating in cellars of the castle Grad na Goričkem in the spring of 2005 (Presetnik 2015). We caught an adult male M. bechsteinii at the pond in Adrijanci. This species usually roosts in trees which are rarely found (Dietz et al. 2009), so its presence is often only conformed using mist netts. Additional surveys are required to understand the status of this species in the Park.

At the pond in Adrijanci we also caught two adult female Pl. auritus, one of which was still lactating. In the Goričko Nature Park Pl. auritus was found only once before, again in the cellars of the castle Grad na Goričkem in the fall of 2005 (Presetnik 2006, 2015). The presence of the lactating female probably means that there is a nursery colony nearby.

Also at the pond in Adrijanci we mist netted one adult female Pl. austriacus. Apart from that, we found a new nursery roost of Pl. austriacus in the chapel in Berkovci, which is now the second known nursery roost in the Park and third and fourth site for this species there (Presetnik 2015).

We checked two known nursery roosts of R. hipposideros in the abandoned school in Kančevci and the belfry of the castle Grad na Goričkem. As it was late in the season we only saw one young attached to its mother, while other juveniles were already hanging independent. We also saw one R. hipposideros in the cellars of the castle and caught two while mist netting at the same site.

In the castle Grad na Goričkem we found a group of Mi. schreibersii. The castle is the only known roost of this species in the Park and one of the most surveyed buildings in Slovenia (Presetnik 2018). During our survey we only saw and caught three species (R. hipposideros, M. myotis, Mi. schreibersii), but during the previous years, ten species have been found there (Presetnik 2015, Malačič et al. 2017).

Despite the short duration of the research camp, there were a lot of interesting dis- coveries and new data on bat fauna was gathered. This suggests that bat surveys should continue in the future as well, to get an even better understanding of bats and their habitats in the Nature Park Goričko.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Students Association of Natural Sciences (Društvo študentov naravoslovja) from Maribor for organizing this camp and The Slovenian Association for Bat Research and Conservation for lending me the necessary equipment for bat

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survey. I would also like to thank Primož Presetnik for information on what is currently known in the area, literature and his advice on what we could survey there. And finally, I would like to thank the participant in the bat research group: Živa Bombek, Milica Jovanović, Urša Pečečnik and Maja Šneider.

References

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• Spitzenberger F., K. Bauer, 2001. Langflügelfledermaus Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819). In: Spitzenberger, F. (Ed.): Die Säugetierfauna Österreichs. Grüne Reihe des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Band 13: 179–185.

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New data on bats from the Shkodër/ Skadar lake – Buna/Bojana river transboundary area (Albania and Montenegro)

Novi podaci o slijepim miševima prekograničnog područja Skadarsko jezero-rijeka Bojana (Albanija i Crna Gora)

Philippe Théou1, Marina Radonjić2, Ervis Loçe3, Aleksandar Stojanov4, Stefan Ralević5

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana 1001 (Albania) 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, G. Washington Street, P.O. box 5455, 81 000 Podgorica (Montenegro) 3 Natural Sciences Museum “Sabiha Kasimati”, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana 1001 (Albania) 4 Macedonian Ecological Society, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje (North Macedonia) 5 Institute of Marine Biology, Dobrota bb, Kotor (Montenegro) E-mail: [email protected] (P.T.); [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (E.L.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (S.R.)

Abstract

In 2016 and 2019, the Buna River-Velipoja Protected Landscape, the Lake Shkodra Nature Park (Albania), the Ulcinj Saline Nature Park, the Velika plaža Natural Mon- ument (Montenegro) and several sites outside declared protected areas were surveyed to collect additional information regarding present bat fauna. 14 bat species were recorded: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, Myotis myotis, M. blythii oxygnathus, M. nattereri, M. emarginatus, M. daubentonii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus serotinus, Hypsugo savii, Nyctalus noctula, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis, as well as three bat species pairs possibly hiding additional species R. euryale / blasii, P. kuhlii / nathusii, E. serotinus / N. leisleri. In addition to the first data on bats collected for the Buna River-Velipoja Protected Landscape, Ulcinj Saline Nature Park

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and Velika plaža Natural Monument, several important colonies were identified in bunkers, caves and buildings on both sides of the river. This article aims to provide updated information regarding bat populations in the area following the conservation action plan in the Shkodër/Skadar lake area published in 2015.

Key words: Chiroptera, Ulcinj/Ulqin, Velipojë/Velipoja

Sažetak

Tokom 2016. i 2019. godine, posebni prirodni predjeli rijeke Bune (Bojane) i Velipoje, park prirode Skadarsko jezero (Albanija), park prirode Ulcinjska solana, spomenik prirode Velika plaža (Crna Gora) i nekoliko lokaliteta van proglašenih zašticenih područ- ja pregledani su radi prikupljanja dodatnih informacija o postojećoj fauni slijepih mi- ševa. Zabilježeno je 14 vrsta: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, Myotis myotis, M. blythii oxygnathus, M. nattereri, M. emarginatus, M. &&&daubentonii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus serotinus, Hypsugo savii, Nyctalus noctula, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis, kao i nekoliko fonetskih grupa koje eventualno skrivaju dodatne vrste R. euryale / blasii, P. kuhlii / nathusii, E. serotinus / N. leisleri. Pored prvih podataka o slijepim miševima prikupljenih za zašticena područja rijeke Bune (Boja- ne), Ulcinjske solane i Velike plaže, identifikovano je i nekoliko značajnih kolonija u bunkerima, pecinama i zgradama s obje strane rijeke. Ovaj članak ima za cilj da pruži nove informacije o populacijama slijepih miševa na ovom području, nakon akcionog plana očuvanja populacije slijepih miševa u oblasti Skadarskog jezera, objavljenog 2015. godine.

Ključne riječi: Chiroptera, Ulcinj/Ulqin, Velipojë/Velipoja

Introduction

Following years of data collection on bats from Albanian and Montenegrin sides of the border an action plan on bat conservation in Shkodër/Skadar area was published (Théou & Đurović, 2015). The plan presented an overview of acquired knowledge regarding bat species and their habitats in the area and formed a frame for future trans-boundary cooperation. This article stems from this ongoing collabora- tion between area stakeholders from both countries. On the Montenegrin side, the latest data on bats for the Shkodër/Skadar area was published in specific articles

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(Radonjić & Théou 2016, Radonjić 2019) while the data available on the Albanian side were included in the recent national Atlas of bats in Albania (Théou & Bego 2018). At that time, 20 species of bats in total were known to live in the Shkodër/Skadar area: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, R. blasii, Myotis myotis, M. blythii oxygnathus, M. nattereri, M. emarginatus, M. mystacinus, M. daubentonii, M. capaccinii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, P. pipistrellus, P. nathusii, P. pygmaeus, Hypsugo savii, Nyctalus noctula, Nyctalus leislerii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis. These species were found in a network of 59 sites which include former military tunnels and bunkers, caves, buildings, as well as several feeding areas and potential migration corridors. The present article provides additional information regarding the distribution of bat species in the area and new data on known roosts, feeding areas and potential migration corridors.

Material and methods

Between August 2016 and July 2019, five different field work sessions were held in the area, for a total of 12 days (6 in Albania, 6 in Montenegro). In total, 53 sites were surveyed, of which 48 for the first time: 22 potential foraging areas, 10 buildings, 9 caves, 5 tunnels, 5 bunkers and 2 bridges. Bat identification was carried out in accordance with Dietz & Kiefer (2016) during visits to potential bat roosts and by manipulation of bats during mist-netting sessions. When large bat clusters were encountered, a photo was taken based on which the number of individuals was counted. This method caused minimal disturbance to the colonies. In addition, a hand held bat detector (Pettersson D1000x and Pettersson D240x & H2n ZOOM hand recorder) was used to record bat echolocation calls. Species identification was conducted using BatSound 4.11, following Russo & Jones (2002), Papadatou et al. (2008) and Barataud (2014).

Results and discussion

Our results confirmed the importance of the area for the conservation of bat populations, in term of both number of species and number of specimens. Out of the 53 sites visited, 37 were used by bats (Table 1, Figure 1) and 14 bat species were recorded (Table 2): Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, Myotis myotis, M. blythii oxygnathus, M. nattereri, M. emarginatus, M. daubentonii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus serotinus, Hypsugo savii, Nyctalus noctula, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis. Additionally three pairs of species were identified possibly hiding additional species: R. euryale / blasii, E. serotinus / N. leisleri, P. kuhlii / nathusii. E. serotinus is reported for the first time in the area.

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Table 1. List of roosting and potential foraging sites surveyed in the Shkodër/Skadar lake – Buna/Bojana river transboundary region between 2016 and 2019. Tabela 1. Lista skloništa i potencijalnih hranilišta posjećenih na prekograničnom području Skadarsko Jezer- rijeka Bojana, između 2016. i 2019. godine.

Position Protected area No. Site name Site type Lokacija (WGS84) Zaštićeno Br. Ime lokacije Tip lokacije područje Lat (°N) Long (°E)

Sites with confirmed bat presence Lokacije s prisutnim slijepim miševima

1 Shengjin 1 41.814 19.581 open-space / 2 Bunker Shengjin 41.814 19.569 bunker / 3 Shengjin 2 41.816 19.584 open-space / 4 Shengjin 3 41.816 19.587 open-space / 5 Shengjin 4 41.821 19.567 open-space / 6 Shengjin 5 41.822 19.566 open-space / 7 Shengjin 6 41.827 19.561 open-space / 8 Abandoned house 1 41.830 19.556 building Buna River- Velipoja 9 Shengjin 7 41.830 19.557 open-space Protected 10 Margjonaj 41.838 19.552 open-space Landscape Natural Monument - Buna River- 11 Suka e vogel cave 41.841 19.553 cave Velipoja Protected Landscape 12 Velipoja 1 41.845 19.518 open-space 13 Velipoja 2 41.847 19.517 open-space 14 Velipoja 3 41.850 19.380 open-space Buna River- 15 Velipoja 4 41.850 19.513 open-space Velipoja 16 Velipoja 5 41.851 19.509 open-space Protected Landscape 17 Velipoja 6 41.854 19.498 open-space 18 Velipoja 7 41.857 19.490 open-space 19 Bunker Baks-Rrjollë 41.872 19.465 bunker 20 Pond Velika Plaža beach 1 41.883 19.338 open-space Velika Plaža 21 Pond Velika Plaža beach 2 41.884 19.335 open-space Natural Monument 22 Pond Velika Plaža beach 3 41.885 19.335 open-space 23 Bridge 1 41.913 19.416 bridge Buna River- Velipoja 24 Bridge 2 41.916 19.418 bridge Protected Landscape

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Position Protected area No. Site name Site type Lokacija (WGS84) Zaštićeno Br. Ime lokacije Tip lokacije područje Lat (°N) Long (°E) 25 Jošova cave 41.918 19.214 cave / 26 Sumporna cave 41.919 19.213 cave / Ulcinj Saline 27 Pump 31 41.931 19.284 building Nature Park 28 Tunnel Pentar 1 41.965 19.390 tunnel Buna River- Velipoja 29 Tunnel Pentar 2 41.965 19.390 tunnel Protected Landscape 30 Hotel Šasko lake 41.980 19.338 building / 31 Šasko lake 1 41.980 19.335 open-space / 32 Šasko lake 2 41.981 19.330 open-space / 33 Šasko lake 3 41.981 19.331 open-space / 34 Pećina kod Gorana cave 41.992 19.231 cave / 35 Tunnel Shirokë 1 42.049 19.444 tunnel Lake Shkodra 36 Tunnel Shirokë 2 42.051 19.442 tunnel Nature Park 37 Tunnel Shirokë 3 42.051 19.441 tunnel

Sites where bat presence was not recorded Lokacije gdje nije zbilježena prisutnost slijepih miševa

Vertical cave - closed 41.830 19.556 cave Small cave (guva) 1 41.834 19.536 cave Mushroom bunker 1 41.834 19.536 bunker Abandoned house 2 41.835 19.557 building Buna River- Velipoja Abandoned house 3 41.835 19.547 building Protected Mushroom bunker 2 41.840 19.527 bunker Landscape Small cave (guva) 2 41.840 19.533 cave Former electrical tower 41.840 19.559 building Small cave (guva) 3 41.885 19.450 cave

Bunkers Cunaj 41.958 19.514 bunker / Ada Bojana 1 41.868 19.352 open-space / Old pump station near new 41.917 19.273 building pump station 16 Old management building 41.917 19.250 building Ulcinj Saline Nature Park Wooden house 41.919 19.270 building Pump station 9 41.921 19.260 building Cave below old town Ulcinj 40.922 19.201 cave /

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Figure 1. Sites surveyed as potential bat roosts or foraging areas in the Shkodër/Skadar lake – Buna/ Bojana river transboundary region in 2016 and 2019. Slika 1. Posjećene lokacije sa i bez prisustva slijepih miševa u prekograničnom području Skadarsko jezero- Bojana rijeka, 2016. i 2019. godine.

Table 2. Results of bat surveys in the Shkodër/Skadar lake – Buna/Bojana river transboundary region (2016 and 2019). (Site no.: numbers correspond to Table 1 and Figure 1, Method of observation: A – acoustic, C – capture, V – visual) Tabela 2. Rezultati terenskih pregleda Skadarsko jezero- rijeka Bojana prekograničnog regiona (2016 i 2019). (Br. lok.: brojevi odgovaraju Tabeli 1 i Slici 1, Metod opservacije: A – zvučna, C – hvatanje, V – opservacija)

Species Site no. Date No. of ind. Method Vrsta Br. lok. Datum Br. jedinki Metoda

2 23.5.2019 1 A, V 8 23.5.2019 1 A, V 10 30.5.2019 1 C 11 30.5.2019 1 V R. ferrumequinum 14 29.8.2016 2 V 19 24.5.2019 1 A, V 400 26 21.7.2019 A, V (mixed colony*) 27 22.7.2019 1 V

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Species Site no. Date No. of ind. Method Vrsta Br. lok. Datum Br. jedinki Metoda

28 29.8.2016 3 V 29 29.8.2016 1 V 30 30.6.2019 1 V R. ferrumequinum app. 300 34 20.7.2019 A, V (mixed colony*) 35 30.8.2016 11 V 37 30.8.2016 1 V 2 23.5.2019 15 A, V 8 23.5.2019 11 A, V 11 30.5.2019 3 V 19 24.5.2019 1 A, V R. hipposideros 27 22.7.2019 1 V 28 19.8.2016 1 V 30 30.6.2019 60 V 31 20.7.2019 1 A 35 30.8.2016 5 V R. euryale/blasii 11 30.5.2019 2 V 19 24.5.2019 200 A, V R. euryale 26 21.7.2019 220 V, C 34 30.6.2019 700 A, V M. myotis 19 24.5.2019 1 C app. 500 25 21.7.2019 V, C (mixed colony*) at least 3000 (mixed 26 21.7.2019 V colony*) M. blythii oxygnathus 30 30.6.2019 4 V, C 35 30.8.2016 2 V, C 36 30.8.2016 1 V 19 24.5.2019 1200 V 21 19.7.2019 X A M. myotis / M. blythii 22 19.7.2019 X A oxygnathus 26 21.7.2019 X A app. 300 34 30.6.2019 V (mixed colony*) M. nattereri 23 24.5.2019 3 V

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Species Site no. Date No. of ind. Method Vrsta Br. lok. Datum Br. jedinki Metoda

2 23.5.2019 252 V M. emarginatus 19 24.5.2019 100 V 26 21.7.2019 2 A M. mystacinus 23 24.5.2019 10 V 23 24.5.2019 11 V M. daubentonii 24 24.5.2019 1 V M. capaccinii 19 24.5.2019 1 C 26 21.7.2019 app. 400 (mixed colony*) V Myotis sp. 31 20.7.2019 X A P. kuhlii 10 30.5.2019 X A 1 30.5.2019 X A 3 30.5.2019 X A 4 30.5.2019 X A 12 23.5.2019 X A 15 23.5.2019 X A P. kuhlii / nathusii 17 23.5.2019 X A 18 23.5.2019 X A 20 19.7.2019 X A 26 21.7.2019 X A 32 20.7.2019 X A 33 20.7.2019 X A 5 30.5.2019 X A 6 30.5.2019 X A 7 30.5.2019 X A 9 30.5.2019 X A 10 30.5.2019 X A 12 23.5.2019 X A H. savii 13 23.5.2019 X A 15 23.5.2019 X A 16 23.5.2019 X A 17 23.5.2019 X A 26 21.7.2019 X A 32 20.7.2019 X A 4 30.5.2019 X A E. serotinus / N. leisleri 15 23.5.2019 X A

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Species Site no. Date No. of ind. Method Vrsta Br. lok. Datum Br. jedinki Metoda

12 23.5.2019 X A N. noctula 20 19.7.2019 X A 22 19.7.2019 X A 2 23.5.2019 55 V 10 30.5.2019 X A 19 24.5.2019 100 V 20 19.7.2019 X A Mi. schreibersii 500 25 21.7.2019 V (mixed colony*) two groups: 3000 and 26 21.7.2019 V 400 (mixed colony*) 34 20.7.2019 app. 300 (mixed colony*) A T. teniotis 3 30.5.2019 X A

* Approximated number of bat individuals includes other species present within a mixed colony

Observations and comments on registered species

Albania

Thanks to this study, for the very first time we can present data on bats from the Buna River – Velipoja Protected Landscape area. Despite the fact that this area pre- sents a very interesting mosaic of habitats (MoE, 2016) for bats species, including oaks and pine forests, wetland, rivers, traditional agricultural plots, karst hills (Parise et al. 2008) as well as former military buildings, it was never surveyed with regard to bat species. With at least 14 species recorded within the border of the protected area, this first survey shed light on the potential importance of this area on a national but also regional scale for the conservation of bat species, as that this area is directly on the border with Montenegro.

So far the most important roost identified in the protected area in terms of number of species and number of individual is located within an important network of bunkers (site no. 19), just in front of the Vilunit wetland. At least 7 species and more than 1600 specimens were recorded. No juveniles were observed during our survey, but considering the high number of specimens observed at the end of spring, future surveys will most probably confirm that this site is used as a nursery colony by at least 4 species: M. emarginatus, Mi. schreibersii, R. euryale and M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus.

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Regarding the latter species, the presence at the end of August 2016 of a post-lactant female of M. blythii oxygnathus in a bunker (site no. 35) in the southern part of the Shkodër Lake Nature Park (close to the northern part of the Buna River – Velipoja Protected Landscape) may confirm the presence of a maternity colony in the area.

A pregnant female of R. ferrumequinum was also mist netted at the end of May 2019, soon after sunset near a water reservoir (site no. 10), indicating the presence of a maternity colony in the area too. One of the numerous abandoned houses as well as caves and former military buildings still to be surveyed could be used by this species. In one of these abandoned houses (site no. 8), we recorded 11 specimens of R. hipposideros as well as an individual R. ferrumequinum. This group might be con- nected to the group of R. hipposideros already observed in the past and confirmed during our new survey near the border of the protected area (site no. 2), located 2 kilometers away. It is clear that such abandoned houses and surrounding orchards represent interesting potential roosts for bats, especially for Rhinolophidae. Howev- er, most of the sites visited were dilapidated and might well be destroyed in the near future, including site no. 41 where locals had seen bats hanging from the roof in the past.

Figure 2. Important mixed bat colony of Rhinolophus euryale and Myotis emarginatus in a bunker (site no. 19). Slika 2. Značajna mješovita kolonija slijepih miševa Rhinolophus euryale i Myotis emarginatus u bunkeru (lokacija br. 19). (photo/foto: Philippe Théou)

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The last piece of significant data collected within the protected area of the Buna River concerns the records from two bridges over water bodies. As observed in Kosovo (Théou et al. 2019) and Serbia (Pavlovič et al. 2019), it seems that such infrastructures provide roosts to several species of bats in the area. Despite the fact that only some parts of the bridges were surveyed due to difficult access, at least three species, rarely recorded in Albania (Théou & Bego 2018), were observed: M. daubentonii, M. mystacinus and M. nattereri. Besides increasing the number of species known in the Albanian side of the transboundary area (first mention for M. daubentonii and M. nattereri in northern Albania), this fact highlights the need for proper management of such infrastructures and the importance of considering bats during any potential future work.

Outside the protected area, we confirmed the presence of a maternity colony of M. emarginatus in a network of bunkers near the city of Shëngjin (site no. 2). The number of specimens seems to be slightly higher than we observed in early June 2015 (200 ind.), but still far from the 400 individual observed in late June 2014 (Théou & Đurović 2015). It is possible that numerous specimens reach the site during the month of June, but we cannot exclude the possibility of significant negative impact of disturbance inside and outside the site. During our latest survey, the situation outside the bunkers was very different from our previous survey in the area: the entrances to a number of bunkers were being used as storage areas and piles of stones were also present. Such changes may directly impact on the presence of bats in the close future and should be carefully monitored, including the implementation of actions for the conservation of these protected species.

Montenegro

On the Montenegrin part of the Shkodër/Skadar lake – Buna/Bojana river transboundary area at least 10 species were recorded during our surveys.

The Sumporna cave (site no. 26), previously known to be an important bat roost (Mirić 1973, Presetnik 2014), was also visited. In the first part of the cave, in the semi dark area, a mixed colony of at least 3000 individuals of M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus and Mi. schreibersii was recorded. It is most likely that specimens of M. emarginatus were also part of this cluster, as the species was recorded using the bat detector under the colony. Deeper in the cave, we recorded a maternity colony composed of 220 specimens of R. euryale, as well as a dead specimen of the same species. We also recorded two mixed colonies of R. ferrumequinum, Mi. schreibersii and small Myotis sp. (most probably M. emarginatus that was registered in May 2018, in the same part of the cave (Radonjić 2019)), for a total of close to 400 specimens. We observed at least 20 juveniles of R. ferrumequinum in these two clusters, while the presence of juveniles belonging to the other species was not clear. During the evening, echolocation

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calls were recorded at the entrance to the cave, with at least three species recorded H. savii, P. kuhlii/nathusii and M. emarginatus.

Following the rediscovery of the Jošova cave (Radonjić 2019) (site no. 25), the location was visited on 21st July 2019 due to its crucial potential for bat conservation in the area. At least 500 individuals were registered in a mixed colony of M. blythii oxygnathus (one male was manipulated) and Mi. schreibersii. While during the previous survey in May 2018, juveniles of M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus were recorded (Radonjić 2019), it was not quite clear during our survey if the colony of Myotis blythii oxygnathus had juveniles, which at the time of our visit could be almost the same size as the adults. The presence of an important mixed colony of M. blythii oxygnathus / Mi. schreibersii is in line with the observation of Mačić et al. (2015) described in Radon- jić (2019), however the number of specimens observed is still smaller than what was described in the past. On 20th July 1961, 2000 individuals of M. blythii oxygnathus were observed using this cave (Mirić 1973, Presetnik et al. 2014). Potential disturbances might explain this decrease. Considerable amount of physical waste inside the cave has been observed during our survey.

An interesting mixed colony of M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus, Mi. schreibersii and R. ferrumequinum was also recorded at the entrance of the Pećina kod Gorana cave (site no. 34). The location of the colony on the cave ceiling did not allow us to clearly count the number of specimens present under the first visible layer of bats. Our esti- mation is that at least 300 specimens were present at the time of our survey. Close to this mixed colony, a colony of R. euryale was also registered. At least 700 individuals were observed which is slightly more than Radonjić & Théou (2016) reported in June 2015 (500 ind.). This cave has been known as an important site for bats since 2009 (Presetnik et al. 2014), however it had only been visited four times before our survey (Théou & Đurović 2015). Our data is the first collected in the summer season, and highlights the importance of this cave for M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus during this period. Before our study, one male of M. blythii oxygnathus was recorded in this cave, in April 2009, while one adult female and a 115 M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus group were recorded April 2017 (Presetnik et al. 2017). Still, additional surveys are needed, especially during the end of summer and fall, to better understand the use of this site by different bat species.

The abandoned hotel on the shore of the Šaško jezero lake (site no. 30), known to be an important bat roost (Presetnik et al. 2014, Radonjić & Théou 2016), was also surveyed during our study. On 30th June 2019, we recorded 60 adults and 30 juveniles of R. hipposideros located in the attic of the hotel. The number of adults observed in 2019 is far lower than was observed by Radonjić & Théou in 2016, with a decrease of 40 specimens. This might be explained by the important modifications undergone by the roosting site over the last years, including the removal of the base of the wooden

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attic. In addition to this maternity colony, one R. ferrumequinum and four M. blythii oxygnathus (one male caught and measured) were recorded in the hotel. During a dusk survey, we set up a 24 m mist net along the tree line that separated the Šasko lake from the mainland, but no bats were caught. However, thanks to the use of a bat detector, at least 4 bat species were recorded: P. kuhlii/nathusii, H. savii, small Myotis sp. and R. hipposideros.

The hotel structure is severely dilapidated, and the situation had not improved since our recommendations in 2015 regarding the conservation of the bat population using this site. In addition, the fact that the building may well be destroyed in the close future to allow for the construction of a new hotel represents both a short and a long term threat for the R. hipposideros colony. Seeing as numerous strictly protected species have been recorded in this building for years, we do hope that this will be taken into account when designing the new building and during all the work process, as stipulated by national and international laws.

Within the frame of our study, we also recorded the first data on bats inside the Veli- ka plaža nature monument (site. no. 20, 21, 22). This area is rich in small fresh water ponds where we installed several mist nets. Unfortunately, no bats were mist netted during our survey while M. myotis / blythii oxygnathus, N. noctula, P. kuhlii / nathusii and Mi. schreibersii echolocation calls were recorded via bat-detector.

Finally, in the pump station 31 at the Ulcinj Saline Nature Park (site no. 27), one individual of R. hipposideros and one of R. ferrumequinum were observed. This represents the first data on bats for the Ulcinj Saline Nature Park. The roost, and its surround- ings (thermophilic meadows with bushy vegetation and individual trees), are suitable for Rhinolophidae, however its use as an area for solid waste disposal and the degradation of the building structure represent an imminent threat for bats.

Conclusions

Thanks to this new study, the number of known sites used by bats in the transboundary area has increased considerably, especially in the Buna River-Velipoja Protected Landscape and in the Ulcinj/Ulqin region. This increase in the network will require future monitoring and will surely help to improve our understanding of the use of the territory by these species. It will, however, also represent a new challenge as the roosts and habitats require appropriate and competent management.

As underlined in 2015 within the action plan for bat conservation in the area (Théou & Đurović 2015), several roosts are facing immediate threats that need to be addressed

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before the impact on protected bat species is irrevocable (actions A.1 & A.2). Unfor- tunately, our present study does confirm the respond to urgent call for action to pro- tect previously known roosts as well as newly discovered ones. The bunker Shëngjin (site no. 2) and the Hotel Šasko lake (site no. 30) should be targeted first based on the number of species and specimens recorded in the course of the last decade.

In addition, the confirmation of the semi-submerged Jošova and Sumporna caves as well as the Pećina kod Gorana cave as important bat roosts on a regional and Euro- pean scale should lead to their protection under Montenegrin law. The proclamation of these three caves as natural monuments would allow for proper management and the implementation of conservation actions for the preservation of the strictly protected species recorded therein. This protection would also extend to all the natural, geological and potential archaeological features of these caves.

We sincerely hope that our present study and the already formed action plan (Théou & Đurović 2015), together with the increasingly fruitful cooperation between experts and administrations from both sides of the border, will lead to a successful future for bat conservation in the area.

Acknowledgements

Part of the data was collected during the following projects: EU funded project IPA-13 “NaturAl”, United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) funded project “Pro- moting Protected Areas Management through Integrated Marine and Coastal Ecosys- tems Protection in Coastal Area of Montenegro”. The authors would like to thank the two reviewers for their constructive comments, as well as Caterina Carugati, all the staff of the protected areas in the Shkodër county and Bronwen Hughes for proof- reading this article.

References

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• Ministry of Environment (MoE), 2016. Management Plan for Buna River Protected Landscape 2016-2025. 94 pp.

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• Radonjić M., 2019. Ponovni pronalazak Jošove pećine i rezultati novijih pregleda Sumporne pećine, dva bitna ljetnja skloništa slijepih miševa u Crnoj Gori. Hypsugo, Sarajevo (IV) 1: 34-38.

• Radonjić M., P. Théou, 2016. Winter and late spring census of bats in Skadar lake National park and surrounding area (Montenegro). Hypsugo 1(2): 25–33.

• Presetnik P., M. Paunović, B. Karapandža, M. Đurović, Č. Ivanović, M. Ždralević, P. Benda, I. Budinski, 2014. Distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in Montenegro. Vespertilio 17: 129–156.

• Presetnik, P., M. Radonjić, E. Pavlovič, J. Gojznikar, M. Jovanović, 2017. Rezultati istraživanja faune slijepih miševa tokom istraživačkog kampa studenata biologije „Ekosistemi Balkana – Skadarsko jezero 2017” (Crna gora). Hypsugo 2(2): 41–52.

• Russo D., G. Jones, 2002. Identification of twenty-two bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Italy by analysis of time-expanded recordings of echolocation calls. Journal of Zoology 258(1): 91–103.

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Aktivnost noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus noctula) u Alipašinom polju u Sarajevu (jesen 2018 – proljeće 2019) i novo zabilježen tip socijalnog glasanja (Bosna i Hercegovina)

Activity of a Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctula) in Alipašino polje, Sarajevo (autumn 2018 – spring 2019) and previously undescribed variant of a social call (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Jasminko Mulaomerović1

1 Centar za krš i speleologiju, Branilaca Sarajeva 30, Sarajevo (Bosna i Hercegovina) E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctula) is a widespread species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its occurrence in different habitats has only been recorded during single visits. Only in the Alipašino polje neighbourhood in Sarajevo (Trg solidarnosti street), we have monitored the annual activity of Noctule Bats more regularly, but only using the ultrasound detectors. During the last night of their roosting in the apartment building before migration (after that their activity was not recorded), on 24 April 2019, only their social calls were recorded. According to the shape of the signal, Type “H” dom- inates. However, social calls in the form of a regular sinusoid were also recorded (Figure 3 in the text), and these were not found in the available literature on social calls of this species. The basic characteristics of this previously undescribed variant of social call are given.

Key words: Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctula), social calls, migration, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Sažetak

Noćni šišmiš (Nyctalus noctula) je široko rasprostranjena vrsta u Bosni i Hercegovini. Njegovu prisutnost u različitim staništima zabilježili smo samo tokom pojedinačnih posjeta. Jedino u stambenom naselju Alipašino polje u Sarajevu (ulica Trg solidarnosti) redovnije pratimo godišnju aktivnost noćnog šišmiša, ali i to koristeći samo ultrazvučni detektor. Posljednje noći boravka u skloništima u zgradi prije seobe (jer nakon tog datuma nije zabilježena njihova aktivnost) 24. 4. 2019. godine snimljeno je samo glasanje. Prema obliku signala dominira tip „H“. Međutim, snimljeno je i glasanje u obliku pravilne sinusoide (slika 3 u tekstu) koje nije nađeno u pristupačnim radovima o socijalnom glasanju ove vrste. Date su osnovne karakteristike ove dosad nezabilježene varijante glasanja.

Ključne riječi: Noćni šišmiš (Nyctalus noctula), socijalno glasanje, migracija, Bosna i Hercegovina

Noćni šišmiš (Nyctalus noctula) je do skora bio poznat samo na šest lokaliteta u Bosni i Hercegovini (Zagmajster et al. 2008). Kako su se posljednjih godina istraživanja šiš- miša intenzivirala, tako je i broj lokaliteta na kojima je ova vrsta zabilježena rastao na više od 30 (npr. Pašić et al. 2013, Burazerović 2015, Hodžić & Arifović 2015, Mulaome- rović et al. 2015, Napotnik & Pašić 2016, Hodžić et al. 2017, Presetnik 2017, Rnjak et al. 2017) pa sada znamo da je ova vrsta široko rasprostranjena u Bosni i Hercegovini. To je i očekivano obzirom na rasprostranjenost ove vrste u susjednim zemljama – Hrvatskoj (Tvrtković 2017), Srbiji (Paunović 2016) i Crnoj Gori (Presetnik et al. 2014).

Većina lokaliteta na kojoj je noćni šišmiš zabilježen u Bosni i Hercegovini posjećena je samo jednom, tako da je teško bilo šta reći o preferenciji staništa, fenologiji ili in- terakciji sa drugim vrstama. Jedino u stambenom naselju Alipašino polje u Sarajevu možemo reći da donekle redovno pratimo godišnju aktivnost noćnog šišmiša, ali i to samo koristeći ultrazvučni detektor (Presetnik et al. 2016, 2017, Mulaomerović et al. 2018). Noćnog šišmiša smo zabilježili na više lokacija unutar naselja, ali sistematski pratimo samo koloniju čija su skloništa u zgradi u ulici Trg solidarnosti. Noćni šišmiši koriste brojne prostore unutar elemenata spoljnih zidova zgrade. Zgrada ima šest ulaza (blokova) i svaki blok je međusobno odvojen nekoliko centimetara. Također, iz- među spratova postoje šupljine koje su rezultat korištenja prefabrikovanih betonskih zidova za stanove (po istom principu je korištenjem gotovih betonskih zidova u naselju Alipašino polje izgrađeno 20.000 stanova). Noćni šišmiši koriste i vertikalne i hori- zontalne šupljine. Izgleda da se u ovim skloništima grupe noćnih šišmiša zadržavaju od jeseni do proljeća, kada se mogu čuti njihova glasanja. U toplim večerima, i preko zime, nekad izlete i tada ih je moguće prepoznati po dva eholokacijska signala čiji se

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maksimumi nalaze u frekvencijskim opsezima 17,5 – 23,6 kHz i 22,4 – 27,0 kHz (Russo & Jones 2002) (npr. Slika 1). Takva aktivnost je u periodu od jeseni 2018. do proljeća 2019. potvrđena četiri puta (14. 10. 2018., 22. 12. 2018., 20. 4. 2019. i 24. 4. 2019. godine) korištenjem Echo Meters Touch 2 (Wildlife Acoustic) za Android mobilni telefon, a snimci su bili obrađeni softverom BatSound 4.1.4. (Pettersson electronic, Švedska).

Poslije 24. 4. 2019. sam tokom proljeća svake noći pratio aktivnost slušajući i snima- jući ultrazvučnim detektorom, ali nikakve aktivnosti nije bilo, tako da sam po prvi put zabilježio, čini se, posljednju noć boravka noćnih šišmiša u ovoj zgradi. Istu noć sam zabilježio veći broj socijalnih glasanja. U stvari, gotovo sve što sam snimio bilo je socijalno glasanje. Da li se to može dovesti u vezu sa predstojećom migracijom, može se samo nagađati.

Poznato je da pojedine vrste šišmiša imaju mnogo veći repertoar vokalnih signala koje koriste u međusobnim odnosima ili kod traženja skloništa u odnosu na druge vrste. Jedna od takvih je i noćni šišmiš (Miller & Degn 1981). Njegovo glasanje je vrlo raznoliko po frekvencijama i posebno po oblicima signala. Za ovu vrstu je Pfalzer (2002) odredio 11 tipova socijalnog glasanja (A – K) i više varijacija unutar jednog tipa. Prema obliku signala, na snimcima sa Alipašinog polja dominira tip H (Slika 2), ali se mogu vidjeti i neki drugi iz spektra koji donosi Pfalzer (2002). Međutim, izdvaja

Slika 1. Eholokacijski signali noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus noctula) u stambenom naselju Alipašino polje u Sarajevu. Figure 1. Echolocation calls of the Noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) in Alipašino polje neighbourhood in Sarajevo.

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Slika 2. Eholokacijski signali i glasanje tipa „H“ noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus noctula) u stambenom naselju Alipašino polje u Sarajevu . Figure 2. Echolocation calls and „H“ type social call of the Noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) in Alipašino polje neighbourhood in Sarajevo.

se jedan u obliku pravilne sinusoide (Slika 3) koji se ne nalazi ni kod Pfalzera (2002), ni u pristupačnim radovima o socijalnom glasanju ove vrste (Zingg 1988, Weid 1994, Pfalzer & Kusch 2003, Gebhard & Bogdanowicz 2011, Russ 2012, Barros et al. 2014, Middleton et al. 2014).

Snimljeno je ukupno 6 sinusoidnih signala čije su dužine između 29,8 i 37,7 ms, a prikazane su u Tabeli 1. Raspon frekvencija je od 27,5 kHz do 51,1 kHz (Tabela 1). Broj pozitivnih i negativnih amplituda je po tri, ali kod svih snimljenih signala one nisu bile zabilježene. Talasne dužine λ su također različite i prikazane su u Tabeli 1. Izgled najpotpunijeg signala prikazuje Slika 3. Sinusoidni signal noćni šišmiš već ima u svom repertoaru (tip G), ali je opisano glasanje drugačijih karakteristika od naših – prvo ima niže frekvencije (od 20 do 10 kHz) i manji raspon (10 kHz), a ima i više harmonične frekvencije koji su sličnih karakteristika kao signal iz Alipašinog polja (Weid 1994, Pfazer 2002). Razlika je što je signal iz Alipašinog polja osnovni i nema harmonika.

Otkrivanje novih oblika glasanja (npr. Jahelková 2011) jasno pokazuje da poznavanje glasanja još ni izdaleka nije iscrpljeno. Možda nas noćni šišmiši iz naselja Alipašino polje upozoravaju da, osim utvrđivanja biogeografije vrsta na koje smo sada uglav- nom bili fokusirani, naša istraživanja trebamo pomjeriti i u ovu oblast, bar tokom onih dana (ili bolje reći perioda) kad su i naše speleološke aktivnosti u hibernaciji.

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Slika 3. Još neopisano glasanje noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus noctula) u stambenom naselju Alipašino polje u Sarajevu. Figure 3. Previously undescribed social calls of the Noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) recorded in Alipašino polje neighbourhood in Sarajevo.

Tabela 1. Parametri novo zabilježenog tipa socijalnog glasanja noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus noctula) snimljenog u stambenom naselju Alipašino polje u Sarajevu. Table 1. Parameters of a newly detected type of social call produced by Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctula) and recorded in Alipašino polje neighbourhood in Sarajevo.

Redni broj signala 1 2 3 4 5 6

Dužina čitavog signala (ms) 36,3 37,5 37,7 29,8 30,8 31,5

Broj amplituda Broj pozitivnih amplituda 1 3 2 2 3 3 Broj negativnih amplituda 3 3 3 2 3 3

Amplitudne vrijednosti talasa 51,1 47,6 47,9 51,1 49,4 49,3 Maks. frekvencije pojedinačnih talasa (kHz) - 49,8 48,1 50,7 47,7 48,5 - 48,3 - - 48,3 48,9 Srednja vrijednost maks. frekvencija talasa (kHz) 51,1 48,57 48,0 50,9 48,47 48,9 29,4 26,6 28,6 28,5 29,7 28,8 Min. frekvencije pojedinačnih talasa (kHz) 28,7 28,0 28,0 28,7 28,7 28,8 27,6 27,5 28,6 - 28,9 29,0 Srednja vrijednost min. amplituda talasa (kHz) 28,57 27,37 28,4 28,6 29,1 28,87

Talasna dužina (λ) 10,3 10,0 10,0 11,5 9,1 8,8 Dužina pojedinačnih talasa (ms) 10,8 10,7 10,8 - 8,9 9,6 Srednja vrijednost dužine talasa (ms) 10,55 10,35 10,2 11,5 9,0 9,2

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Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, 10. 11. 2019, Odušak cave, Suha, Tajan mountain (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, 10. 11. 2019, pećina Odušak, Suha, planina Tajan (Bosna i Hercegovina)

Emir Balić1, Admir Bajraktarević1

1 SNIK “Atom”, Pinkasa Bandta bb, Zavidovići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) E-mail: [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (A.B.)

Cave Odušak in Suha (N 44.319625, E Pećina Odušak u Suhoj (N 44,319625, E 18.200935, 460 m a.s.l.) was discovered 18,200935, 460 m n. v.) otkrivena je 2005. in 2005 after heavy rains, when a big godine nakon velikih kiša, kada je iz jednog amount of water poured out of a small malog otvora kraj regionalne ceste Zavidovići opening next to a regional road Živinice – Kakanj provalila velika količina vode. Sljede- – Kakanj. In the next few years, around ćih nekoliko godina je otkriveno oko 100 m 100 m of the canal was discovered. kanala. Nakon što je savladano suženje go- After overcoming the narrowing almost tovo potpuno potopljeno vodom, od 2017. completely submerged in water, since godine je nastavljeno istraživanje, te je do 2017 the research has been continued, sada otkriveno oko 2.600 m kanala. Pećina so until today around 2,600 m of the case sastoji od aktivnog i fosilnog dijela. U jed- nal has been discovered. The cave consists nom od fosilnih kanala, na oko 200 metara of an active and fossil part. In one of the od sadašnjeg ulaza, 10. 11. 2019. godine za- fossil canals, at about 200 meters from tekli smo koloniju velikih potkovastih šišmiša today’s entrance, on 10 November 2019, (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) u dvije grupe. we saw a colony of Greater horseshoe Brojanjem šišmiša na fotografiji utvrđene su bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in two minimalno 102 životinje. Do sada je na po- groups. Counting the bats on the photo- dručju Tajana bilo poznato samo jedno sklo- graph there was a minimum of 102 ani- nište većeg broja velikih potkovastih šišmiša. mals. Until now, in the area of Tajan moun- To je bila porodiljska kolonija od 30 životinja tain only one roost with a higher number u Pećini u Suhoj (Zagmajster & Delić 2015), of Greater horseshoe bats was known. It 100 m udaljenoj od istraživanog lokaliteta. was a maternity colony consisting of 30 animals in the Pećina u Suhoj cave (Zagma- jster & Delić 2015), 100 m away from the surveyed site.

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Figure 1. A part of the colony of the Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Slika 1. Dio kolonije velikog potkovastog šišmiša (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). (photo/foto: Emir Balić)

References / Reference

• Zagmajster M., T. Delić, 2015. Prilog poznavanja faune pećina i vrela u području Tajana kod Zavidovića (Bosna i Hercegovina). Zbornik simpozija „Čovjek i krš 2014 Man and karst“, Naš krš XXXV (48): 121–131.

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Nyctalus leisleri, 22. 4. 2016, Vrbaska river, Kozara mountain, 5. 7. 2019, Tušila village, Visočica mountain (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Nyctalus leisleri, 22. 4. 2016, Vrbaska rijeka, Kozara planina, 5. 7. 2019, selo Tušila, Visočica planina (Bosna i Hercegovina)

Jasminko Mulaomerović1, Adisa Dževlan1,2, Fahra Čolpa1,2, Ivan Napotnik1, Jasmin Pašić1, Primož Presetnik1,3

1 Centar za krš i speleologiju, Branilaca Sarajeva 30, Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2 Planinarsko društvo „Visočica“, Vejsila Ćurčića 22, Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 3 Center za kartografjo favne in flore, Pisarna Ljubljana, Tacenska cesta 20, Ljubljana (Slovenia) E-mail: [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (A.Dž.); [email protected] (F.Č.); [email protected] (I.N.); [email protected] (J.P.); [email protected] (P.P.)

The presence of some bat species in Prisutnost pojedinih vrsta šišmiša u Bosni Bosnia and Herzegovina is confirmed i Hercegovini potvrđena je samo rijetkim only based on rare observations and re- opažanjima i nalazima. Jedna od takvih vr- cords. One of these species is the Less- sta je i mali noćni šišmiš (Nyctalus leisleri) er Noctule (Nyctalus leisleri), which was koji je bio do sada poznat samo sa tri loka- previously known from three sites: Gla- liteta: Glavatičevo (Konjic) (Mirić & Pauno- vatičevo (Konjic) (Mirić & Paunović 1997, vić 1997, Jovanović & Budinski 2015), 30 m Jovanović & Budinski 2015), the Krupa nizvodno od izvora rijeke Krupe, Krupa na River, Krupa na Vrbasu (Pašić & Preset- Vrbasu (Pašić & Presetnik 2013), kod če- nik 2013) and the spring of Vratar (Pre- sme u Vrataru (rijeka Sutjeska) (Presetnik setnik et al. 2015). et al. 2015).

The first new site is located near the Prvi novi lokalitet zabilježen je kod mo- bridge over the Vrbaska River on the sta na Vrbaskoj rijeci na putu Pod- road Podgradci - Mrakovica in northern gradci – Mrakovica (N 45,033947°N, E Bosnia (45.033947°N, 16.994979°E, 275 16,994979°E, 275 m n. v.), gdje smo u m a.s.l.). On 22 April 2016, we mist netted mreže 22. 4. 2016 uhvatili četiri mužjaka four males and two parous females of i dvije odrasle ženke malog noćnog šišmi- N. leisleri as well as one young male ša, koje su prošle godine već rađale. Pored of Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus toga smo uhvatili i jednog mladog mužja- pipistrellus), three males and one ka malog šišmiša (Pipistrellus pipistrellus),

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Figure 1. UTM distribution of the Lesser Noctule (Nyctalus leisleri) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, (1 – Krupa na Vrbasu, 2 – Glavatičevo, 3 – Vratar, 4 – Kozara, 5 – Tušila) Slika 1. UTM distribucija nalazišta malog noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus leisleri) u Bosni i Hercegovini, (1 – Krupa na Vrbasu, 2 – Glavatičevo, 3 – Vratar, 4 – Kozara, 5 – Tušila)

Soprano Pipistrelle adult female tri mužjaka i jednu odraslu ženku patulja- (P. pygmaeus), one male of Common stog šišmiša (P. pygmaeus), jednog muž- Noctule (N. noctula) and one male of jaka noćnog šišmiša (N. noctula) i jednog Western Barbastelle Bat (Barbastella mužjaka širokouhog šišmiša (Barbastella barbastellus). barbastellus).

The second new site of a Lesser Noctule Drugi novi lokalitet malog noćnog šiš- is the village of Tušila (N 43.628055°N, miša je selo Tušila (N 43,628055°N, E E 18.257066°E, 1190 m a.s.l.) on the 18,257066°E, 1190 m n. v.) na obroncima slopes of Mount Visočica in northern planine Visočice u sjevernoj Hercegovini.

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Herzegovina. An Echo Meters Touch 2 Korišten je detektor Echo Meters Touch detector (Wildlife Acoustic) was used 2 (Wildlife Acoustic) za Android mobilni with an Android mobile phone, and the telefon, a snimci su analizirani softverom recordings were analysed with BatSound BatSound. 4.1.4 (Pettersson Elektronik software. 4.1.4 (Pettersson Elektronik AB). Vrsta je registrovana tokom lova, oko AB). The bat was recorded while foraging jedan sat poslije zalaska sunca pored Tu- near the stream Tušilački potok, about šilačkog potoka. U okolnom pejsažu domi- one hour after sunset. The surrounding niraju planinski pašnjaci, manja krečnjačka landscape was dominated by mountain brda i rijetko drveće. Kao i kod prva tri na- pastures, smaller limestone hills and lazišta, nove zabilježene lokacije ove vrste rare trees. Similar as the three first sites karakteriše neposredna blizina rijeka ili previously known for this species in Bos- potoka. nia and Herzegovina, the two new sites are located near rivers and streams.

References / Reference

• Jovanović J., I. Budinski, 2015. Prilog poznavanju ekologije slepih miševa Bosne i Hercegovine na osnovu podataka Obrada Ivanovića. Naš krš, XXXV (48), Bilten radne grupe za zaštitu šišmiša, Supplementum 1: 5–11.

• Mirić Đ., M. Paunović, 1997. New data on the Leisler’s bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) from the Balkan peninsula, with a review of the Balkan range. Myotis 35: 67–75.

• Pašić J., P. Presetnik, 2013. Vodeni šišmiš (Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)) nova vrsta na spisku šišmiša (Chiroptera) Bosne i Hercegovine. Naš krš, XXXIII (46), Bilten radne grupe za zaštitu šišmiša, Supplementum 1: 8–13.

• Presetnik P., B. Karapandža, J. Mulaomerović, 2015. Kraj Sutjeske, hladne vode – treći nalaz malog noćnog šišmiša (Nyctalus leisleri) u Bosni i Hercegovini i prateća zapažanja. Naš krš, XXXV (48), Bilten radne grupe za zaštitu šišmiša, Supplementum 1: 3–4.

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Vespertilio murinus, 26. 7. 2019, Nikovići, Pivska planina mountain (Montenegro)

Vespertilio murinus, 26. 7. 2019, Nikovići, Pivska planina (Crna Gora)

Jasminko Mulaomerović1, Miralem Husanović1, Primož Presetnik2

1 Centar za krš i speleologiju, Branilaca Sarajeva 30, Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2 Center za kartografjo favne in flore, Pisarna Ljubljana, Tacenska cesta 20, Ljubljana (Slovenia) E-mail: [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.H.); [email protected] (P.P.)

If it weren’t for the isolation due to the Da nije bilo izolacije zbog koronavirusa corona virus, some suspicious record- vjerovatno nikad neki sumnjivi snimci ne ings would probably have never come bi došli na red. Tako je i sa snimkom koji je to the fore. That is certainly the case načinjen u okviru nastavka projekta istraži- with the recording that was made with- vanja šišmiša budućih područja mreže Na- in the scope of the bat research project tura 2000 u Crnoj Gori pored lokalne ceste in the future Natura 2000 network are- od Crkvičkog polja prema Trsama (Pivska as in Montenegro, next to the local road planina) nedaleko od sela Nikovići [WGS from Crkvičko polje towards Trsa (Pivska 84; 43,21816°N, 18,92951°E, 1450 m n.v.]. mountain), not far from the Nikovići vil- Snimak je načinjen ultrazvučnim detekto- lage [WGS 84; 43.21816°N, 18.92951°E, rom Echo Meter Touch 2 za android mo- 1450 m a.s.l.]. The recording was made bilni telefon (Wildlife Acoustic), a za analizu using the ultrasound detector Echo Me- je korišten softver BatSound 4.1.4 (Petter- ter Touch 2 for android mobile phone sson). Snimak je na prvu podsjećao na (Wildlife Acoustic), and BatSound 4.1.4 eholokaciju golorepog šišmiša (Tadarida (Pettersson) software was used for anal- teniotis), ali nakon pažljivije analize, vidjeli ysis. At a glimpse the recording looked smo da se ipak radi o svadbenom glasanju like an echolocation call of European dvobojnog šišmiša (Vespertilio murinus). Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida teniotis), but more careful analysis revealed that it Na snimku se vidi najjača komponenta was actually display (mating) call of a svadbenog glasanja – tzv. „S“ komponenta, Parti-coloured Bat (Vespertilio murinus). ali se ne vidi serija FM signala, koji obično idu prije ovog „S“ signala (Middleton et al. The strongest component of display 2014) što je i normalno kod snimaka sla- call - the so-called “S” component, is bije kvalitete. Vjerovatno je šišmiš bio do- visible in the recording, but the series sta udaljen od mjesta snimanja, pa slabiji

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of FM signals that usually precedes the signali nisu bili snimljeni. “S” signal (Middleton et al. 2014) is not, though this is also usual for lower quality Svadbeno glasanje sredinom ljeta je neo- recordings. The bat was probably quite bično, ali se ponekad čuje, jer su mužjaci far from the place of the recording, so dvobojnog šišmiša vjerovatno dosta staci- weaker signals were not recorded. onarni u usporedbi sa ženkama, koje se u naše krajeve dosele na jesen. Tako su npr. Display calls in the middle of the sum- u Sloveniji mužjaci uobičajeni preko ljeta mer are unusual, but they do occur (Presetnik et al. 2013), pa je realno pret- sometimes because male Parti-coloured postaviti da je takva situacija i na ostalim Bats are probably quite sedentary com- prostorima nekadašnje Jugoslavije. Da je pared to females, that migrate to our situacija u Crnoj Gori slična, govore nam region in the autumn. For example, in podaci Rachvald et al. (2019), koji su kra- Slovenia, males are common during the jem augusta u Prokletijama uhvatili 19 summer (Presetnik et al. 2013), so it can mužjaka i samo jednu ženku. be assumed that it is the same in other areas of ex-Yugoslavia. The data from U svakom slučaju su nalazi dvobojnog šiš- Rachvald et al. (2019) indicate that the miša u Crnoj Gori rijetki, tri do sada pozna- situation in Montenegro is similar, as ta lokaliteta navode Presetnik et al. (2014). they caught 19 males and only one fe- Svi lokaliteti, uključujući i naš, nalaze se u male at the end of August in Prokletije. alpskim predjelima (Prokletije, Biogradska gora, Durmitor). Vjerovatno je naš nalaz i The findings of the Parti-coloured Bat in prvi snimak svadbenog glasanja za Crnu Montenegro are rare, so far there are Goru. three known sites (Presetnik et al. 2014). All sites, including ours, are located in the alpine regions (Prokletije, Biograds- ka gora, Durmitor). Our finding is probably the first recording of the species display call in Montenegro.

References / Reference

• Middleton, N., A. Froud, K. French, 2014. Socials calls of the bats of Britain and Ireland. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter. 176 pp.

• Presetnik P., M. Paunović, B. Karapandža, M. Đurović, Č. Ivanović, M. Ždralević, P. Benda, I. Budinski, 2014. Distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in Montenegro. Vespertilio 17: 129–156.

• Presetnik P., M. Podgorelec, A. Petrinjak, 2013. Is the parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 a common bat species in Slovenia? Natura Sloveniae 15(2): 39–50.

• Rachwald A., T. Kokurewicz, A. Zapart, G. Apoznański, M. Szurlej, J. Haddow, M. Đurović, A. Kepel, 2019. New records of the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) and other rare bat species in Montenegro. Acta zool. bulg. 71(4): 519–524.

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Myotis bechsteinii and Rhinolophus hipposideros, 28. 7. 2019, Mratinje village, Plužine (Crna Gora)

Myotis bechsteinii i Rhinolophus hipposideros, 28. 7. 2019, selo Mratinje, Plužine (Montenegro)

Jasminko Mulaomerović1, Miralem Husanović1

1 Centar za krš i speleologiju, Branilaca Sarajeva 30, Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) E-mail: [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.H.)

During 2019 bat survey in the poten- Nastavljajući i u 2019. godini rad na istra- tial areas of the future network Natura živanju šišmiša u potencijalnim područji- 2000 in Montenegro, we revisited the ma buduće ekološke mreže Natura 2000 Mratinje village in Plužine municipality. u Crnoj Gori, ponovo smo posjetili selo It is a small village in the valley entering Mratinje (općina Plužine). To je malo selo the Maglić mountain, with some country smješteno u dolini koja se uvlači u plani- houses and orchards and many aban- nu Maglić, sa rijetkim seoskim kućama i doned buildings and auxiliary facilities voćnjacima te više napuštenih zgrada i that were used during the construction pomoćnih objekata koje su svoju funkciju of HPP Piva and its infrastructure. Mrat- imale prilikom izgradnje HE Piva i prateće inje is only 4 km away from the HPP infrastrukture. Mratinje se nalazi samo 4 Piva’s dam, where in the administra- km od brane HE Piva, gdje se u potkrov- tive building, a big maternity colony of lju upravne zgrade nalazi velika kolonija the Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malih potkovastih šišmiša (Rhinolophus hipposideros) is known (Pašić & Mu- hipposideros) (Pašić & Mulaomerović laomerović 2018). Our aim was to revisit 2018). Cilj nam je bio posjeta „garaži“ the „garage“ (43.259738°N, 18.81533°E, (43,259738 °N, 18,81533 °E, 680 m n. v.) 680 m a.s.l.), since one resident told us za koju smo od jedne stanovnice sela čuli that it is used as bat roost. “Garage” is da je stanište šišmiša. „Garaža“ je objekat a concrete building with a ground plan dimenzija 5 × 9 m, a izgrađen je u cijelosti dimensions of 5×9 m and has ceiling di- od betona. Strop „garaže“ je podijeljen na vided into few parts by ceiling strength- nekoliko dijelova betonskim gredama, vje- ening concrete beams. During our first rovatno radi njegovog ojačanja. Prilikom visit, on 21 August 2017, we didn’t see naše prve posjete, 21. 8. 2017. godine, any bats, but during our visit on 28 July nismo vidjeli niti jednog šišmiša. Ovaj put 2019 we found two maternity colonies. smo 28. 7. 2019. zatekli dvije porodiljske kolonije.

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In the first part, in a ceiling hole, there U prvom dijelu je, u jednoj rupi u stropu, was a colony of Bechstein’s bat (Myotis bila kolonija behštajnovog šišmiša (Myotis bechsteinii). When we entered the build- bechsteinii). Prilikom našeg ulaska sve živo- ing all the animals were in the hole or tinje su bile u rupi i neposredno uz rupu. right next to it. Adult bats were hanging Uz rupu su se nalazile odrasle životinje, next to the hole, and inside were the a unutar rupe mladi. To smo zaključili na pups (estimated by the size and colour osnovu njihove veličine i boje krzna. Našim of the fur). While approaching the hole, prilaskom rupi, svi odrasli su se razbježali,

Figure 1: a) „Garage“ with two bat colonies; b) part of the maternity colony of Bechstein bats (Myotis bechsteinii). Slika 1: a) „Garaža“ s dvije kolonije šišmiša; b) dio kolonije behštajnovih šišmiša (Myotis bechsteinii). (photo/foto: Miralem Husanović)

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all the adults flew away but stayed in the ali su ostali u prostoriji. Po našem udalja- room. When we moved to the corner, vanju u kut garaže, odrasli šišmiši su se po- adult bats returned to the hole. That the novo vratili i zauzeli mjesto oko rupe. Da li circling cups is a ‘standard’ tactic for de- je okruživanje rupe (duplje) „standardna“ fending the pups, we can only assume taktika za odbranu mladih možemo samo as we didn’t find records on that in the pretpostaviti. Potvrdu za to nismo našli u accessible literature. We estimated that pristupačnoj literaturi. Procijenili smo da there were around 20 – 30 animals se u koloniji nalazi 20 – 30 životinja. Broj- there, a number similar to that given by nost ove kolonije nalazi se u rasponu broj- Kerth (2006). We caught one bat to con- nosti kolonija Behštajnovih šišmiša kako firm visual determination and it turn out to navodi Kerth (2006). Uhvatili smo samo to be an adult female of Bechstein bat. jednu životinju radi sigurne determinacije. This is the first finding of the Bechstein’s Kao što smo i pretpostavljali, bila je ženka. bat colony in Montenegro (Radonjić & Ova kolonija je prvi nalaz vrste behštaj- Théou 2016). In the other part of the novog šišmiša za Crnu Goru (Radonjić & „garage“, there was a maternity colony Théou 2016). U drugom dijelu „garaže“ na- of Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus lazila se porodiljska kolonija malih potko- hipposideros), with a total of 30 animals. vastih šišmiša (Rhinolophus hipposideros), ukupno oko 30 životinja.

References / Reference

• Dietz C., O. von Helversen, D. Nill, 2009. Bats of Britain, Europe and Northwest Africa. A&C Black, London, 400 pp.

• Kerth G., 2006. Relatedness, life history and social behaviour in the long-lived Bechstein’s bat, Myotis bechsteinii. In (Zubaid A., G. F. McCracken, T. H. Kunz, ed.): Functional and Evolutionary Ecology of Bats. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 99–212.

• Pašić J., J. Mulaomerović, 2018. Rhinolophus hipposideros, 22. 8. 2017, hydro power plant Piva, Montenegro / Rhinolophus hipposideros, 22. 8. 2017., hidroelektrana Piva, Crna Gora. Hypsugo 3(2): 41.

• Radonjić M., P. Théou, 2016. Winter and late spring census of bats in National park Skadar lake, and surrounding area (Montenegro). Hypsugo 1(2): 25–33

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Myotis mystacinus, 9. 8. 2019, Rhinolophus euryale, 18. 8. 2019, Škocjan Caves Regional Park, Divača (Slovenia)

Myotis mystacinus, 9. 8. 2019, Rhinolophus euryale, 18. 8. 2019, Regijski park Škocjanske jame, Divača (Slovenija)

Primož Presetnik1, Aja Zamolo1, Eva Pavlovič2

1 Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Tacenska cesta 20, Ljubljana-Šentvid (Slovenia) 2 Ulica bratov Učakar 22, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia) E-mail: [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (A.Z.); [email protected] (E.P.)

The Škocjan Caves Regional Park is sit- Regijski park Škocjanske jame leži na robu uated on the edge of the Classical Karst klasičnega Krasa v Sloveniji, blizu mesta in Slovenia, close to the town of Divača Divača [WGS 84; 45,6657 °N, 13,9890 °E]. [WGS 84; 45.6657°N, 13.9890°E]. The Park obsega majhno površino, saj je dolg Park occupies a very small area, approx- približno 4 km in največ 2 km širok (413 imately 4 km long and 2 km wide (413 ha), vendar je geografsko izredno pester. ha), but is geographically very diverse. It Obsega tako mnogo jam s skupno dolži- includes many caves with a total length no preko 6 km kot gozdnato sotesko reke of over 6 km, the forested gorge of the Reke (približno 350 m n. m.), ki ponika v river Reka (approximately 350 m a.s.l.), Škocjanske jame, na kraškem površju (pri- which sinks into the Škocjan caves, inter- bližno 400 m n. m.) pa se prepletajo gozd, twined forests, pastures, meadows and pašniki, travniki in nekaj manjših naselij. some small settlements on the Karst Pomembnost tega območja je medna- plateau (approximately 400 m a.s.l.). The rodno prepoznana, saj je park uvrščen na importance of this area is internation- UNESCO seznam svetovne dediščine od ally recognized since the Park has been 1986, zaveden kot prvo podzemno mo- listed as UNESCO World Heritage site in krišče mednarodnega pomena (Ramsar) 1986, as first underground wetland of in- od leta 1999 in kot kraško biosferno ob- ternational importance (Ramsar) in 1999 močje (MAB) od leta 2004. and as a Karst biosphere reserve (MAB) in 2004. Škocjanske jame so eno od prvih poznanih in najpomembnejših zatočišč netopirjev v The Škocjan caves are among the first Sloveniji. Še posebej se je raziskovanje te

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known and most important bat roosts skupine živali razmahnilo v zadnjih dveh in Slovenia. The research regarding this desetletjih, ko je bilo znotraj meja par- animal group has intensified over the ka najdenih 21 vrst netopirjev (Presetnik last two decades, leading to the record 2017a). Med dodatnimi raziskavami v letu of 21 bat species within the Park borders 2019 smo zabeležili še dve dodatni vrsti (Presetnik 2017a). During additional field netopirjev, tako da je v parku trenutno po- work held in 2019, two more bat species trjenih 23 vrst kar je 77 % vseh v Sloveniji were recorded, which bring the total trenutno živečih vrst netopirjev (Presetnik number of bat species found in the Park & Šalamun 2019). to 23, which represents 77% of all bat species currently living in Slovenia (Pre- Enega mladega in enega odraslega sam- setnik & Šalamun 2019). ca brkatega netopirja (Myotis mystacinus) smo 9. avgusta 2019 vmrežili na kolovozu On 9 August 2019 at the macadam na Prevali. Najdba te vrste je bila pričako- road on Prevala hill we mist netted vana, saj so bila do sedaj znana najbližja one juvenile and one adult male Myotis najdišča le 2,5 km izven mej parka (Preset- mystacinus. The presence of this spe- nik 2017b). cies in the park was expected, since its closest site was only about 2.5 km out- Skupino južnih podkovnjakov (Rhinolophus side the borders of the Park (Presetnik euryale) smo našli 18. avgusta 2019, ko 2017b). smo na predlog ge. Sitke Tepeh, preverili t.i. Noetovo gnezdo – enega izmed vho- Additionally, on 18 August 2019, follow- dov v Škocjanske jame. Tik za vhodom ing the suggestion of Ms. Sitka Tepeh, smo na stropu opazili skupino približno we found a group of Rhinolophus euryale, 100 podkovnjakov, pri čemer se je izka- when we surveyed the so-called Noah’s zalo, da gre za mešano skupino velikih nest (Noetovo gnezdo) - one of the en- (R. ferrumequinum) in južnih podkovnjakov. trances into the Škocjan caves. Close Prisotnost slednjih smo potrdili z lovom z to the cave entrance we saw a group of ročno mrežo odrasle, letos doječe samice aproximatelly 100 Rhinolophus on the in mladega samca (verjetno lanskoletne- celling, which turned out to be a mixed ga mladiča) (slika 1). Možno je, da v Ško- group of R. ferrumequinum and R. euryale. cjanskih jamah južni podkovnjaki tvorijo The presence of both species was con- porodniško skupino, za potrditev pa so firmed by catching a few individuals potrebne dodatne raziskave. Prisotnost with hand nets, with which we caught an južnih podkovnjakov je nekoliko nepriča- adult female that had been lactating that kovana, predvsem ker se kljub doseda- year and a young male (probably last njim intenzivnim raziskavam v jamah in year’s juvenile) of R. euryale (Figure 1). okolici te vrste do sedaj ni našlo. Vendar It is possible that R. euryale use Škocjan pa najdba, glede na poznavanje splošne caves as a nursery roost, however, fur- razširjenosti te vrste v Z delu Slovenije, ther research is needed to confirm this. hkrati ni povsem presenetljiva. Najdišče The presence of R. euryale is somewhat v Škocjanskih jamah je zagotovo najbolj

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Figure 1. Rhinolophus euryale caught in “Noah’s nest” – one of the entrances of Škocjan caves (Slovenia). Slika 1. Južni podkovnjak (Rhinolophus euryale) ujet v Noetovem gnezdu – enem izmed vhodov v Škocjanske jame (Slovenija). (photo/foto: Aja Zamolo)

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unexpected, mainly due to the fact that vzhodno zatočišče južnega podkovnjaka despite intensive research in the caves v zahodnem delu Slovenije (Koselj 2009), and surrounding area during several potrjeno v zadnjem desetletju. years, this species has never been recorded before. At the same time, its Zahvala presence is not surprising considering the distribution of this species in the W Hvala Davidu Lenarčiču, Maši Rajh, Katji Slovenia. Nevertheless, the roost found Lobe in Samu Grgureviču za pomoč pri te- in Škocjan caves is certainly the eastern- renskem delu. Terensko delo je bilo oprav- most roost of R. euryale in the W Slove- ljeno v projektu ZA KRAS (OP20.01465), ki nia (Koselj 2009), confirmed in the last ga sofinancirata Evropska unija iz Evrop- decade. skega sklada za regionalni razvoj in Repu- blika Slovenija. Acknowledgements

We would like to thank David Lenarčič, Maša Rajh, Katja Lobe and Samo Grgurevič for their help during fieldwork. The fieldwork was done for the project ZA KRAS (OP20.01465), co-financed by the European Union with the European Regional Development Fund and the Re- public of Slovenia.

References / Viri

• Koselj K., 2009. Južni podkovnjak – Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853. In: Presetnik P., K. Koselj, M. Zagmajster (ed.) Atlas netopirjev (Chiroptera) Slovenije [Atlas of bats (Chiroptera) of Slovenia], Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Miklavž na Dravskem polju: 52–55.

• Presetnik P., 2017a. Visoka pestrost netopirjev v Parku Škocjanske jame. Proteus, Ljubljana 79(7/8/9): 439–443, 449.

• Presetnik P., 2017b. Opisi vrst. V: Šturm, S. (ur.), Netopirji v Parku Škocjanske jame. Javni zavod Park Škocjanske jame, Škocjan, p. 18–119.

• Presetnik P., A. Šalamun, 2019. First records of the European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) in Slovenia. Natura Sloveniae 21(1): 47–53.

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Barbastella barbastellus, 23.1.2019, 26.1.2020, cave Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču, Mislinja (Slovenia)

Barbastella barbastellus, 23. 1. 2019, 26. 1. 2020, Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču, Mislinja (Slovenija)

Primož Presetnik1, Aja Zamolo1, Eva Pavlovič2, Jasmina Kotnik3, Monika Podgorelec4

1 Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Tacenska cesta 20, Ljubljana-Šentvid (Slovenia) 2 Ulica bratov Učakar 22, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia) 3 Polički vrh 38, 2221 Jarenina (Slovenia) 4 Zrkovci 52, 2000 Maribor (Slovenia) E-mail: [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (A.Z.); [email protected] (E.P.); [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (M.P.)

The cave Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču Jama Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču (Slovene cave cadastre no. 413) lies in (katastrska številka jame 413) leži v sote- gorge 3.5 km SSW of the village Mislin- ski 3,5 km J od naselja Mislinja [WGS 84; ja (N Slovenia) [WGS 84; 46.4145 °N, 46,4145 °N, 15,1743 °E, 534 m n.m.]. Sko- 15.1743 °E, 534 m a.s.l.]. Almost 3 km of raj 3 km dolgi jamski rovi se razprostirajo v underground passages stretch out on več etažah. V najnižji etaži (Vodni rov) teče many levels. On the lowest level (named potok Ponikve, ki iz jame izvira in se po ne- Vodni rov) runs the stream Ponikve that kaj deset metrih izlije v reko Pako. flows into the river Paka a few dozen meters after emerging from the cave Jama je zelo pomembno poletno in zim- entrance. sko zatočišče več vrst netopirjev (Preset- nik 2007) ter je zato redno spremljana v The cave is an important summer roost okviru državnega monitoringa netopirjev. as well as hibernaculum for many bat Tako smo jo preverili tudi 23. 1. 2019. Ni- species (Presetnik 2007) and is there- zek vodostaj potoka v jami nam je omo- fore included in the state bat monitor- gočil, da smo preverili tudi njegov levi ing scheme. For that reason we have breg, ki običajno ni dostopen. Tam smo surveyed the cave on 23 January 2019. po našem vedenju našli prvo večjo sku- Due to low water level we were able to pino prezimujočih širokouhih netopirjev survey usually inaccessible left stream (Barbastella barbastellus) v Sloveniji. Pri- bank. There we have found, by our bližno 70 m od vhoda (v višini »Plesišča«) knowledge, the first bigger hibernation smo v dveh bližnjih špranjah na stropu,

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Figure 1. Western Barbastelle Bat (Barbastella barbastellus) group found in one of the crevices in the entrance part of the cave Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču (Slovenia). Slika 1. Skupina širokouhih netopirjev (Barbastella barbastellus) najdena v špranji v vhodnem delu jame Huda luknja pri Gornjem Doliču (Slovenija). (photo/foto: Eva Pavlovič)

group of the Western Barbastelle Bat približno 3–4 m nad vodno gladino, videli (Barbastella barbastellus) bat in Slovenia. skupini 19 (Slika 1) in 3 širokouhih netopir- Approximately 70 m from the entrance jev ter v bližini še 3 posameznike. Ob obi- (vis-à-vis part called Plesišče) and 3 – 4 m čajni popisni poti od Plesišča, po desnem above water level we found two groups breg potoka do prvega mosta smo našteli of 19 (Figure 1) and 3 B. barbastellus bats še 6 posameznih širokouhih netopirjev in in two close lying crevices of the cave skupino 4, ki so se stiskali v skalni špranji ceiling, and 3 more individuals in vicinity. pri prvem mostu. Temperatura ob slednji Along the usual monitoring path passing skupini, 130 m od vhoda, je bila 1,4 °C. Plesišče and following the right stream bank until the first bridge we counted six Dne 26. januarja 2020 smo ponovili štetje more individuals of B. barbastellus and in našli zelo podobno stanje. Skupini 17 in a group of four in a crevice next to the 5 širokouhih netopirjev sta prezimovali v first bridge. The temperature at the last istih špranjah kot leto pred tem, v bližini group, approximately 130 m from the pa sta bila še dva posamezna širokouha cave entrance, was 1.4 °C. netopirja. Temperatura 3 m od skupin je bila 3,5 °C. Ob običajni popisni poti smo On 26 January 2020 we have repeated opazili še 13 širokouhih netopirjev.

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the count and found almost identical sit- Skupno 37 prezimujočih širokouhih neto- uation. Groups of 17 and 5 B. barbastellus pirjev v letu 2020, je tudi največje število bats, were hibernating in the same crev- netopirjev te vrste na enem prezimova- ices as the year before and 2 more indi- lišču v Sloveniji. Do opisanih pregledov viduals were in the vicinity. Temperature pa smo v Hudi luknji pri Gornjem Doliču 3 m from the groups was 3.5 °C. Along zabeležili največ 8 širokouhih netopirjev the usual monitoring path 13 more (5. 2. 2012). Z območja Dinarskega krasa B. barbastellus were observed. in njegove bližine ni znano veliko prezimu- jočih skupin širokouhih netopirjev (npr. 37 hibernating individuals in year 2020 is Presetnik in sod. 2017), vendar podobna the largest number of B. barbastellus bats ali večja števila ob primernih vremenskih recorded in any hibernaculum in Slove- razmerah pričakujemo še v mnogih po- nia. Until presented surveys the largest dobno mrzlih vhodnih delih podzemnih observed number of B. barbastellus in habitatov. the cave Huda Luknja pri Gornjem Doliču was 8 (on 5 February 2012). There is not a lot of observations of hibernating groups of B. barbastella from the Dinaric karst and surrounding areas (e.g. Preset- nik et al. 2017), nevertheless similar or larger numbers can be expected in suitable weather conditions in many similar cold entrances of underground habitats.

References / Viri

• Presetnik P., J. Mulaomerović, J. Pašić, M. Hodžić, I. Napotnik, S. Milanolo, M. Husanović, 2017. Rezultati pregleda potencijalnih zimskih skloništa šišmiša u Bosni i Hercegovini u zimu 2016/17. Hypsugo 2(1): 27–41.

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