Meet the Staff at ORBIMAGE: a Friendly Crew of “Missile Defense” Advocates Who Sell Canada’S RADARSAT Images to U.S

Home , Mansoor Ijaz

Meet the Staff at ORBIMAGE: A Friendly Crew of “Missile Defense” Advocates who sell Canada’s RADARSAT Images to U.S. Warriors and Spies In 1998, ORBIMAGE began hiring a only firm allowed to sell RADARSAT-2 coterie of retired U.S. military officers data to U.S. buyers. In fact, between including some champions of the “mis- 1998 and 2001, their exclusive license sile defense” weapons program. covered all RADARSAT-2 sales outside Among their responsibilities was sell- Canada. Both firms were then owned ing data from RADARSAT-1 and-2. by Orbital Sciences, a U.S. “missile ORBIMAGE has been selling RA- defense” contractor. (See p.29.) DARSAT-1 images to U.S. clients since In Jan. 2006, ORBIMAGE acquired buying those rights from MacDonald, another firm, rebranded itself GeoEye Dettwiler and Assoc. in 1999. Between and became “the world’s largest com- 1998 and 2003, ORBIMAGE was the mercial satellite imagery company.” James Alan Abrahamson, Air Force Lieutenant General (retired) or decades, the now-retired U.S. people and skills required to carry Air Force (USAF) Lt. General out the responsibilities’.... To over- FJames Abrahamson, led the come these difficulties, [this study charge for “missile defense.” He joined recommended that the] SDIO should ORBIMAGE’s board of directors in reorganize and establish a Federally First Director, 1998, the same year that it acquired con- Funded Research Center.” Strategic Defense trol of RADARSAT-2 data sales to U.S. In July 1986, Abrahamson “directed Initiative Organization customers. By November 2001, he was that SDIO be reorganized based (now called the 1 Chairman of ORBIMAGE. upon the...Study of SDIO’s organi- Missile Defense Agency) Before that, Abrahamson had a zational requirements [that was com- long and “distinguished military ca- missioned by Abrahamson].”5 “global investment advisor and bank.”10 reer”2 with such accomplishments as As might be expected, follow- One of CIM’s top directors is James flying “49 combat missions over South- ing his January-1989 retirement from Woolsey, former Director of the Cen- east Asia.”3 He eventually became the the job of SDIO director,6 Abrahamson tral Intelligence Agency (1993-1995).11 “Project Manager for Maverick began juggling several “missile de- The founder and chairman of guided missiles, Director of the mul- fense”-related postings to corpora- CIM is Mansoor Ijaz, a “member of the tinational F-16 program, [and] Asso- tions. For instance, he “served as a sen- Council on Foreign Relations” and self- ciate Administrator of Space Flight ior executive at Hughes Aircraft Cor- professed expert on many financial and for NASA where he ran the Space poration”7 which is a well-known, U.S. political issues, who claims to have “ne- Shuttle program for three years.”4 war-related, aerospace firm that has— gotiated Sudan’s counterterrorism of- Abrahamson also had an early like so many others—done well feed- fer to the Clinton administration.”12 and pre-eminent role in boosting the ing from the “missile defense” trough. “Ijaz says he attempted to broker a “missile defense” weapons program. When Abrahamson became hand-over of Osama bin Laden from According to Dr. Donald Baucom, the chair of ORBIMAGE in 1998, he con- the government of the Sudan to the official historian of the Ballistic Missile tinued serving as Chair of Stratcom In- U.S. in 1996, since then he has criti- Defense Organization, Abrahamson ternational, which he founded in 1998. cized the Clinton National Security was instrumental in several milestones This company has long partnered with team of having failed to get their in the history of “missile defense”: the world’s top war industry, Lockheed man.... This [led] right wing press to Abrahamson became the first Direc- Martin. In 2003, Team Lockheed Mar- lay blame on Clinton et al for having tor of the Strategic Defense Initia- tin, including StratCom, won a US$40 failed to fight terrorism.”13 tive Organization (SDIO) on March million, Missile Defense Agency con- Clinton’s National Security Advisor, 27, 1984, when appointed by Presi- tract to develop High Altitude Airships Samuel Berger, had a different story dent Ronald Reagan’s Secretary of for “missile defense” applications.8 saying “Ijaz was unreliable because of Defense, Caspar Weinberger. Abrahamson is also a senior in- his oil investment interests in Sudan.”14 In December of 1985, “a study of the vestor and partner in a private-equity Regardless of this and other SDIO organization and manpower fund called Crescent Investment Man- controversies, Ijaz is highly regarded situation” that “was commissioned agement (CIM). It is described as a by many corporate media outlets that by General Abrahamson” “found “hedge fund...which focuses on na- provide him a platform, such as: that SDIO was ‘critically short of the tional security technologies”9 and a “CNN, CNNI, Fox News,...Germany’s 40 Press for Conversion! (Issue # 58) March 2006 ARD TV, Japan’s NHK, ABC and pany called the Alliance Stars Group Homeland and Global security NBC....[and] the editorial pages of (ASG). Other “key partners” of ASG through...projects [including]…sat- London’s Financial Times, the Wall have included ellite imaging and dirigible-based tel- Street Journal, New York Times, Los • Kissinger McLarty Associates ecommunications platforms.”17 Angeles Times, Washington Post, In- • Kissinger Associates This reference to dirigibles and ternational Herald Tribune, News- • Project for the New American “Homeland and Global security... week International, Christian Sci- Century projects” probably refers to Abraham- ence Monitor,...National Review • The Rockefeller Foundation16 son’s company, StratCom International, [and] USA Today.”15 In May 2004, the ASG website de- and its partnership with Lockheed Mar- Ijaz’s CIM is one of the “key scribed CIM as being involved in a tin to build High Altitude Airships for partners” in an Israeli investment com- “multi-year program to improve U.S. the Missile Defense Agency. Gary Payton, Air Force Colonel (retired) nother “missile defense”-pro- 1990, he was the Assistant Deputy for moting USAF veteran, who Technology and executive officer to the Alanded a top executive posi- Director of the Strategic Defense Ini- tion at ORBIMAGE, was Gary Payton. tiative Organization (SDIO). It is the This retired Air Force Colonel became “missile defense” organization set up ORBIMAGE’s Vice President for Engi- to fulfil what became known as Presi- neering and Operations in July 2000. dent Reagan’s “Star Wars” initiative.23 His main responsibility was the Payton was the Director of “management and direction of OR- Theater Missile Defense Sensors24 and, BIMAGE’s satellite operations and between 1992 and 1994, he was Deputy engineering departments.”18 for Technology at the Ballistic Missile During his two year stint at Defense Organization (BMDO).25 ORBIMAGE, the company had exclu- Between 1995 and 2000, Payton sive rights to sell RADARSAT-1 and -2 entered a new phase in his career, work- data to the U.S. government. What ing directly for NASA. Based at their qualified Payton for this work? Payton headquarters in Washington, D.C., he had a life-long career in the U.S. mili- was their Deputy Associate Adminis- • Assistant Deputy for Tech- 26 tary. In 1967, he entered the Air Force trator for Space Launch Technology. nology, Strategic Defense academy and received his master of sci- All of this experience was ap- ence degree in astronautical and aero- parently excellent training for Payton’s Initiative Organization nautical engineering five years later.19 job at ORBIMAGE, which he held be- • Deputy for Technology, Payton’s official Air Force biog- tween 2000 and 2002. When hired, the Ballistic Missile Defense raphy says he was awarded a Vietnam company’s President and CEO at the Organization Service Medal. This means he served time, Gil Rye, was quoted as saying: • Deputy for Advanced Sys- in Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia “We are excited to have Gary Payton “or contiguous waters and airspace” join us…. He has significant experi- tems, Missile Defense Agency sometime between 1965 and 1973.20 ence with NASA and the Department • Deputy Undersecretary, Air In 1973, he graduated from pilot of Defense, who are key customers Force for Space Programs training at Craig Air Force Base (AFB) for our imagery products and serv- in Alabama and became an instructor ices. Gary’s technical management for Space Programs. Here’s what this pilot there. Between 1976 and 1980, he expertise and leadership skills will current job involves: was a spacecraft test controller at Flori- benefit our satellite and production “He provides guidance, direction da’s Cape Canaveral. In 1980, he was operations as we prepare for the next and oversight for the formulation, selected for the USAF Manned Space phase of our business.”27 review and execution of military Flight Engineer Program and five years After two years with ORBIM- space programs. This includes over- later he was the “payload specialist” AGE, Payton returned to the U.S. mili- sight of all space and space-related aboard the STS-51C Discovery. This tary establishment. He went straight acquisition plans, strategies and as- space flight “was the first dedicated into the Missile Defense Agency and sessments for research, develop- Space Shuttle Department of Defense became their Deputy for Advanced ment, test, evaluation and space-re- [DoD] mission.”21 This made Payton Systems (2002-2005). He then led the lated industrial base issues.”29 “the first DoD astronaut to fly on the “technology program to enhance During Payton’s entire 33-year U.S. Space Shuttle Discovery.”22 ballistic missile defense sensor, work history, his two years at ORBIM- Between 1986 and 1995, Payton weapon and battle management ca- AGE was the only period that he spent served in a variety of postings that di- pabilities.”28 outside the military—if that is, you can rectly served the cause of “missile de- Then, in 2005, he became the consider working at ORBIMAGE to be fense.” For instance, between 1986 and Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force outside the military’s sphere. March 2006 (Issue # 58) Press for Conversion! 41 Gilbert Rye, Air Force Colonel (retired) fter welcoming Gary Payton ally in the White House proved in- onboard in 2000, Gil Rye was valuable to NASA.”36 Amoved up to become ORB- Rye’s contributions to Reagan’s IMAGE’s Vice Chairman in November heady “Space and Intelligence” efforts 2001.30 Like Payton and Abrahamson, were the culmination of his 25-year mili- Rye also had a previous life in the U.S tary career. From about 1960, when he Air Force. And, like them, he was also joined up, until his retirement from di- involved in promoting the U.S. “mis- rect military service in 1985, sile defense” weapons development “Rye was an officer in the U.S. Air program. In fact, Colonel Rye was a key Force serving in various planning, figure in the struggle to push “missile project management and policy po- defense” when the effort was called the sitions related to systems procure- Director of the National Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). ment and space and intelligence Security Council’s Space Rye was a staff member of the policy/planning. His last assignment and Intelligence programs National Security Council (NSC) dur- before retirement in 1985 was as Di- ing President Ronald Reagan’s first and rector of Space and Intelligence Pro- for President Reagan second terms. Rye was on the NSC’s grams on the National Security Coun- Played “a leading role in Intelligence committee in 1982 and 1983, cil in President Reagan’s White initiating the ‘Star Wars”’ and was its Director of Space Programs House. In this position, Mr. Rye over- weapons program 31 in 1984 and 1985. He used his influ- saw the civil, commercial and na- Drafted President Rea- ential position there to play tional security sectors of the U.S. “a leading role in initiating the ‘Star space program, as well as providing gan’s infamous “Star Wars” Wars’ missile defense program…. support to the President on various speech of March 23, 1983. [But], to Rye’s dismay, the United technical intelligence matters.”37 States still has no workable shield Clearly, Rye’s contributions to military corporations, TRW. In order to against missiles.”32 the military and intelligence communi- settle the charges against it, It was, in fact, during Rye’s time ties, did not end in 1985. He went on to “TRW Inc. agreed to divest a por- on the NSC that the phrase “Star Wars” serve these previous masters during a tion of the systems engineering and was first hitched to what people now no-less-illustrious career in the corpo- technical assistance (SETA) opera- refer to as “missile defense.” Rye cer- rate world. Before joining ORBIMAGE tions of McLean, Virginia-based tainly knows a thing or two about Rea- in 1992, Rye worked for two private BDM International prior to complet- gan and, particularly, his infamous “Star companies largely devoted to facilitat- ing the [US]$942 million acquisition Wars” speech of March 23, 1983.33 ing access to satellite data for U.S. mili- of the company. In its complaint, the That’s when Reagan dramatically ad- tary and intelligence agencies. FTC stated that TRW’s acquisition dressed the U.S. television public and For instance, between 1985 and of BDM would substantially lessen stirred their imagination with the fanci- 1988, Rye was the president of competition in the market for re- ful idea that the U.S. could build a space COMSAT Government Systems, a “sys- search, development, manufacture shield to stop Soviet missiles. Gil Rye’s tems integration contractor” selling and sale of a Ballistic Missile De- little-known claim to fame is that “he “turn-key, satellite-based communica- fense System. was a drafter of the President’s ‘Star tions systems to the U.S. and foreign BDM...serves the [U.S.] Depart- Wars’ speech.”34 governments.”38 ment of Defense [DoD], international Rye is much better known how- From there, he went over to defense agencies...and commercial ever as having been BDM International, Inc., and was their clients. [In] 1996, the company ac- “instrumental in President Reagan’s Senior Vice President for Space Systems quired CW Systems, IG Systems, approval of the U.S. Space Station and Technology (1988-1990). Melco Systems, Advanced Systems Program and various space-related “Here he supervised over 300 peo- Design, RGTI Systems and Software intelligence programs.”35 ple and four regional offices that Engineering. An official NASA-history document provided technical consulting serv- TRW...and BDM were each in- records the following about Rye’s role ices to the intelligence community, volved in the DoD’s Ballistic Mis- at the NSC: other government agencies and the sile Defense program. The United “Responsible for space policy mat- private sector.”39 Missile Defense Corp., a joint ven- ters within the National Security BDM was later caught in the ture including TRW, was one of two Council staff at this time was Gil Rye, centre of a legal battle over “missile de- competitors for the Ballistic Missile an Air Force colonel who had worked fense” contracts. In 1998, the U.S. gov- Defense Organization [BMDO] Lead on space issues within the Penta- ernment’s Federal Trade Commission Systems Integrator contract. BDM gon before being detailed to the (FTC) laid charges against BDM’s par- is the BMDO’s sole supplier of SETA White House.... Having Rye as an ent company, one of America’s largest services for the LSI program.”40 42 Press for Conversion! (Issue # 58) March 2006 Gary Adkins, Air Force (retired) et another former military man Federal and National Security gov- employed at ORBIMAGE is ernment sectors.”46 YGary Adkins, a retired “Air These are, of course, ORBIMAGE’s Force cartographer who heads ORBIM- most important sales sectors. War is AGE’s government sales.”41 He became good for the satellite business. The Iraq the company’s vice president of Fed- war in particular has even made it diffi- eral Sales and National Security Pro- cult for ORBIMAGE to meet demands: grams in February 2003.42 “Commercial satellite imagery opera- After 20 years in the Air Force, tors...are benefiting from the U.S. mili- Air Force cartographer with where he “held several technical and tary operations in the [Mid East] a 20-year military career. management positions related to the under their Nextview contract with use of remote sensing,”43 Adkins the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelli- Clayton, Chief of Space Policy, Space worked for Space Imaging Corp., La- gence Agency. Military operations and Missile Defense Policy Division, ser-Scan and the Geodynamics Corp.44 in Iraq, as well as political situations Deputy Directorate for Strategy and While at these firms, he was in charge in Iran and Syria, are driving a good Policy, U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS).48 of “program management, business de- percentage of the business for ORB- It was something of a coup to velopment, marketing and sales, and IMAGE, says Gary Adkins.”47 get a speaker of Clayton’s rank at this corporate management.”45 Adkins was on the planning “Commercial Satellite Remote Sensing When Adkin’s joined ORBIM- committee of a conference in Washing- Symposium,” because the JCS is Ameri- AGE’s “senior marketing staff,” he was ton, D.C. (May 13-15, 2003) that in- ca’s highest-ranked military organisa- praised as “an experienced veteran in cluded discussions about the impor- tion, composed of the Chiefs of the the remote sensing industry with a tance of commercial satellites in pro- Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine proven track record in federal sales.” viding data for military, including “mis- Corps.49 The JCS’s chairman is the top ORBIMAGE expected him to help lead sile defense” functions. One of the “military advisor to the President, the “marketing pursuits for the sale of speakers at that conference was a fel- Secretary of Defense and the Na- its satellite imagery products…to the low U.S. Air Force officer, Lt.Col. Max tional Security Council.”50

Bill Schuster, CIA officer (retired) n November of 2004, ORBIMAGE Although it is said that no hired William Schuster as its Chief one ever leaves the CIA, Schuster IOperating Officer to “manage their left “The Company” in 1995 and operations.” The company’s media re- went to work for several large, war lease proudly highlighted that he industries, including Lockheed “began his professional career with Martin, BAE Systems, Harris and the Central Intelligence Agency Loral Space and Range Sys- [CIA] where he spent nearly twenty- tems.62 Each of these weapons two years. Upon his departure from makers have their fingers deep in the CIA, he was recognized by Sec- the rich, “missile defense” pie. retary of Defense, William Perry, for When Schuster joined the pivotal role that he played in the ORBIMAGE, Matt O’Connell, conceptualization, development and the company’s CEO, commented: operation of several National Recon- “These are exciting times for This 22-year veteran of the CIA naissance Systems.”61 ORBIMAGE.”64 worked on National Reconnais- While embedded in the CIA, No doubt part of the ex- sance Systems and received the Schuster was kept busy in many citement about having people like “engineering and management po- Schuster—and other former mili- Intelligence Medal of Merit. sitions, designing in-house, quick- tary and intelligence officials— in 2004, the usefulness of contract reaction operational support and working within the ORBIMAGE family, wranglers, like Schuster, also has to do surveillance systems. Later, he be- is that they have the contacts, knowl- with the common “language” that these came the project manager and con- edge and skills that are needed to get men share with their customers. tracting officers’ technical repre- lucrative contracts with the DoD, CIA “‘By speaking the same language as sentative for more complex projects. and other U.S. institutions of war. the NGA and intelligence personnel, During the last 14 years of his CIA As Schuster himself has con- we can facilitate their requests so career, he worked with national sys- ceded, after ORBIMAGE landed a half- that they get precisely what they tems and received the Intelligence billion-dollar deal with the National need to fulfil their mission require- Medal of Merit.”62 Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) ments,’ Schuster said.”65 March 2006 (Issue # 58) Press for Conversion! 43 John G. Zierdt, Jr., Army Brigadier General (retired) n 2002, when Orbital Sciences (the listic Missile Agency, the Army Ord- parent company of ORBIMAGE and nance Missile Command and the Army Ithe former parent of MacDonald, Rocket and Guided Missile Agency.58 Dettwiler and Assoc.) won a four-year, Zierdt Sr. even had occasion to US$400-million “missile defense” con- work with such legendary “Americans” tract from Boeing, it proudly announced as Dr. Wernher Von Braun. He was Nazi it was hiring a former U.S. Army Briga- Germany’s top weapons scientist. Like dier General named John Zierdt, Jr. many others of his ilk, he carried on his Orbital brought the retired gen- war efforts at NASA in the U.S.. On eral on board as vice president in charge January 1, 1964, when John Zierdt, Sr., of their operations in Huntsville, Ala- was promoted to Major General, he was bama. That’s where the work on their congratulated by Von Braun.59 (See “missile defense” weapons contract photo, below.) Zierdt’s illustrious ca- was being performed. Zierdt then be- reer culminated as Commanding Gen- gan supervising Orbital’s work on J.G.Zierdt, Jr. eral of U.S. Army Missile Command.60 “the deployment, training and sus- Zierdt Sr. died in 2000, a few tainment elements of the Ground- twice as many prisoners as private months before his son’s embarrassing based Midcourse Defense [GMD] firms every year: zero.”56 resignation from TransCor. That was System boost vehicle program.”51 In 2000, Zierdt, Jr, finally re- also before junior joined Orbital’s “mis- According to Boeing, the prime con- signed from TransCor. There were just sile defense” efforts. No doubt the sen- tractor for the GMD, this system is the too many scandals arising from the ior Zierdt would have been proud. One “key component of the Missile De- company’s repeated inability to keep wonders however whether Zierdt Jr’s fense Agency’s overall layered bal- prisoners inside their buses.57 role at Orbital will ever be associated listic missile defense architecture.”52 with the kind of privatisation-related de- Zierdt came to this “missile de- John Zierdt, Sr. bacle that was endured by TansCor. fense” job along a circuitous and con- Long before joining Orbital, or catch- Of course a single, major U.S. troversial route. In 1995, after retiring ing media flack for prisoner escapes, weapons system using data from a pri- from the military, he shifted gears and the name John Zierdt was well known vatised Canadian satellite, like RA- become president and CEO of TransCor within the “missile defense” community. DARSAT, could easily cause more de- America Inc., “the largest privately run That’s because his father was a famous struction than the 25 prisoners who es- prison transport company” in the Major-General whose name and person- caped from Zierdt’s buses. However, the U.S..53 It controls 85% of the American ality is closely entwined with U.S. “mis- corporate media will not likely ever at- convict-moving market; transporting sile” history and folklore. tribute any share of the blame to RA- about 75,000 prisoners annually.54 Zierdt Sr. had the dubious hon- DARSAT just because thousands of In 1997, three prisoners being our of being “inducted into the U.S. Iraqi or Afghan civilians are killed by bussed by Transcor escaped during a Army Ordnance Hall of Fame” in 1981. weapons systems which—through Burger King break in Owatonna, Min- Between 1958 and 1967, he held sev- ORBIMAGE—use data collected by nesota. One of them, Homer Land, held eral top positions within the Army Bal- Canada’s privatised satellites. a local couple hostage for 15 hours. Then, in 1999, when a “convicted child killer” escaped from a TransCor bus “hours before guards even noticed he was missing,” Zierdt Jr. reluctantly said “several procedural violations have occurred involving security poli- cies.... We are embarrassed by this incident.”55 Transcor is a symbol of what privatisation can do, besides pouring money into private corporations: “All told, at least 25 convicts have escaped from TransCor vehicles.... www.redstone.army.mil Nearly a dozen more have escaped from other for-profit firms. Reported (Jan. 1, 1964) NASA’s top rocket scientist, Dr. Wernher escapes over the same period dur- Von Braun (left), a “retired” Nazi weapons crusader, con- ing transit by the U.S. Marshals gratulates John Zierdt, Sr., when he became a Major Service, which moves more than General (as Mrs. Zierdt and Mrs. Von Braun look away.). 44 Press for Conversion! (Issue # 58) March 2006 References 25. Ibid. via10030505.html 1. Orbital media release, “Orbital Imaging 26. Gary E. Payton, AF Link. op. cit. 48. Commercial Satellite Remote Sensing Corporation Announces Management 27. Ibid. Symposium Restructuring,” November 13, 2001. 28. Ibid. strategies.org/symposium/Sympos www.ORBIMAGE.com/news/releases/ 29. Ibid. Program.pdf 11-13-01.html 30. ORBITAL media release, Nov. 13, 2001. 49. Joint Chiefs of Staff 2. Metal Storm media release, “Metal 31. Ronald Reagan: National Security, Na- www.jcs.mil/about_cjs.html Storm Signs Teaming Agreement with tional Security Council 50. [JCS] Chairman Responsibilities Stratcom International,” Nov. 25, 2002. www.americanpresident.org/history/ www.jcs.mil/chairman/chairman_resp. www.secinfo.com/dsvrt.383b.htm ronaldreagan/staffadvisers/nationalsec html 3. Biographies of U.S. Astronauts urity/NSC/h_index.shtml 51. ORBITAL Media release, “Orbital to www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/ 32. Joseph C. Anselmo, “Space Race 2000,” Expand Presence in Huntsville to Sup- english/abrahamson_james.htm Washington Technology, July 10, 2000. port New Missile Defense Business,” 4. Media release, Nov. 25, 2002. op. cit. www.coresw.com/news/washington March 26, 2002. 5. Donald Baucom (Historian, BMDO), post.htm www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html? “Missile Defense Milestones, 1944-97” 33. Address to the Nation on National Se- pid=7852 www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/ curity, Pres. R. Reagan, March 23, 1983. 52. Boeing media release, “Boeing Leads milestone.htm www.fas.org/spp/starwars/offdocs/ Team to Successful Ground-based 6. Ibid. rrspch.htm Midcourse Defense Flight Test,” Dec. 7. NJ Institute of Technology Media Ad- 34. Joseph C. Anselmo, op. cit. 13, 2005. visory, “Lt. Gen. James A. Abrahamson, 35. Report 2001-2004, National Remote www.huntsvillealabamausa.com/cham- Former Director of the Space Shuttle Sensing & Space Law Center (NRSSLC) ber/news_events/news/cm_news/press and ‘Star Wars’ SDI, to Speak at NJIT www.spacelaw.olemiss.edu/activities/ _releases/2005/121305_boeing.html Commencement,” May 21, 2004. Center_Archive.pdf 53. “Search continues for convicted child- www.njit.edu/publicinfo/press_releases 36. John Logsdon, “Origins of International killer Kyle Bell,” AP Newswires, Oc- /release_502.php Participation in the Space Station,” tober 15, 1999. 8. Ibid. Monographs in Aerospace History, Nov. www.afscme.org/private/prisons/ 9. “Inside Story of the Hunt for Bin 1998. (NASA History Division.) ppw1999b.htm Laden,” The Guardian, August 23, 2003 permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/ 54. Vince Beiser, “Interstate Inmates,” truthout.org/docs_03/082403A.shtml historynasagov/history.nasa.gov/ Mother Jones, May/June 2000. 10. Congressional Hearings, Intelligence & monograph11.pdf www.motherjones.com/news/update/ Security: “Prohibition on Financial 37. Report 2001-2004, op. cit. 2000/05/inmates.html Transactions with Countries Support- 38. Ibid. 55. AP Newswires, Oct. 15, 1999. op. cit. ing Terrorism Act,” June 10, 1997. 39. Ibid. 56. Mother Jones, May/June 2000. op. cit. www.fas.org/irp/congress/1997_hr/ 40. TRW 57. GETAHN WARD, “TransCor leader hju48095_0.htm www.globalsecurity.org/military/indus- steps down after reportís release,” The 11. Mansoor Ijaz, Source Watch. try/trw.htm Tennessean, October 12, 2000. www.sourcewatch.org/index.php? 41. Bill Brubaker, “For Eyes in Sky, Pic- 58. MG John G. Zierdt title=Mansoor_Ijaz ture Clearing,” Washington Post, Octo- www.redstone.army.mil/history/ 12. Mansoor Ijaz, Benador Associates ber 14, 2004. chron4/zierdt.html www.benadorassociates.com/ijaz.php www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp- 59. Redstone Arsenal Complex Chronology: 13. Mansoor Ijaz, Source Watch, op. cit. dyn/A28351-2004Oct12 Excellence in Missilery, 1962-1979. 14. Ibid. 42. ORBIMAGE Media release, “ORB- www.redstone.army.mil/history/ 15. Benador Associates, op. cit. IMAGE Promotes Two Senior Staff to chron4/1964.html 16. Web Archive, Alliance Stars Group VP Positions,” February 7, 2003. 60. Ibid. web.archive.org/web/20031231023738/ www.ORBIMAGE.com/news/releases/ 61. ORBIMAGE Media Release, “ORB- www.members.alliancestars.com 02-07-03.html IMAGE Names William Schuster Chief 17. Google’s cache: Alliance Stars website 43. ORBIMAGE Media release, “ORB- Operating Officer,” December 7, 2004. www.alliancestars.org/2041/30849.html IMAGE Names Gary Adkins Senior www.ORBIMAGE.com/news/releases/ 18. ORBIMAGE media release, “ORBIM- Director of Federal and National Secu- 12-07-04.html AGE Names Gary Payton VP for Engi- rity Sales,” April 2, 2002. 62. Beyond A Poly Education neering & Operations,” July 13, 2000. www.ORBIMAGE.com/news/releases/ web1.poly.edu/alumni/spotlight/ www.ORBIMAGE.com/news/releases/ 04-02-02.html lectures/schuster.cfm 07-13-00.html 44. ORBIMAGE media release, Feb.7, 2003, 63. Adena Schutzberg, “Five Questions For 19. Biographical Data, LBJ Space Center op.cit. William Schuster,” Earth Observation, www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/ 45. Corporate, Executive Team May 2005. payton-ge.html www.ORBIMAGE.com/corp/ www.eomonline.com/EOM_May05/ 20. Vietnam Service Medal. execteam.html department03a.php www.history.navy.mil/medals/vsn.htm 46. ORBIMAGE media release, April 2, 64. ORBIMAGE media release, December 21. Biographical Data, op. cit. 2002. op. cit. 7, 2004. op. cit. 22. ORBIMAGE media release, July 13, www.ORBIMAGE.com/news/re- 65. Kevin Corbley, “The View After Next,” 2000. op. cit. leases/04-02-02.html Military Geospatial Technology, No- 23. Gary E. Payton, Air Force (AF) Link 47. Jason Bates, “Middle East: Short-Term vember 15, 2005. www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=8046 Opportunities Turn into Long-Term www.military-geospatial-technol 24. ORBIMAGE media release, July 13, Businesses,” October 03, 2005. ogy.com/article.cfm?DocID=1142 2000. op. cit. www.telecomweb.com/cgi/pub/via/ March 2006 (Issue # 58) Press for Conversion! 45