Overview of NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center

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Sharing the NASA Experience Dr. Obadiah Kegege Exploration and Space Communications - Near Earth Network

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Outline

• Introduction • About Speaker’s Work Experience • Overview of NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center

• Space Communications and Navigation • Near Earth Network • Space Network • Deep Space Network

• Basics of Space Communication • Future of Space Communication • Student Information • Internship and Co-op information • References and Acknowledgements

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Engineering / R&D to Project Management

• 8 years of engineering experience in industry before NASA

2009 – 2016 at NASA Proposals: • Integrated LCRD LEO (Low-Earth Orbit) User Modem and Amplifier (ILLUMA) 2016-2018 • Pre-Aerosol, Clouds and oceans Ecosystem (PACE) Work Assignment:

R&D Projects: 1. DPM - Ocean Color • Ka-Band Atmospheric /RF Propagation Studies Instrument – PACE • Co-I, Integrated Solar-Panel Antenna Array mission • Co-I, SmallSat Common Electronics Board • Co-I, X-band Communication System Demonstration 2. PM - Near Earth Network (NEN) Antenna • Co-I, Optimum Space-to-Ground Communication Concept for CubeSat and SmallSat Platforms Arraying

Flight/Ground System Projects : • Compatibility Test Set (CTS) – S and Ka Band TDRS Relay Development • SCAN Testbed - APS Development

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Work Experience –SCAN Testbed Project

SCaN Testbed Antenna Pointing System Development: • Served as Radio Frequency (RF)/ Communication Systems Engineer • Developed the Antenna Pointing System (APS) for the SCaN Testbed to track Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) under varying conditions • Requirements definition • Hardware and software development • Integration and testing • Verification and validation.

https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/engineering/technology/txt_scantestbed.html

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Work Experience - OCI Project

Technical Management Role: • Project planning • Evaluating systems architecture studies, and design • Oversight of flight instrument development activities • Evaluating cost and schedule performance • Technical reviews: SRR, KDP-B • Risk management • Export control

https://pace.oceansciences.org/oci.htm

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Work Experience – Near Earth Network Antenna Arraying

• Combine multiple signal inputs to improve gain performance at data rates up to, and beyond, 600 Mbps o Provide the NEN with Antenna 2 a critical capability for Ka-band supporting high data Signal Down volume cis-lunar missions Conversion Antenna 1

Down Conversion Intermediate Spacecraft Frequency High Data Rate Signal High Data Rate Telemetry Combiner Receiver (HDRSC) *

*High Data Rate Signal Combiner (HDRSC) technology to be developed (orange box)

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA Missons

Helpful Links • http://www.nasa. gov/about/ • http://www.nasa. gov/missions/

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA 2018 Strategic Plan Vision: To Discover and Expand Knowledge for the Benefit of Humanity

Expand human knowledge through Discoverblank new scientific discoveries

Extend human presence deeper into Exploreblank space and to the moon for sustainable blank long-term exploration and utilization

Address national challenges and Developblank catalyze economic growth

Optimize capabilities and operations

Enable

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_2018_strategic_plan.pdf

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA’s 2018 Strategic Plan

STRATEGIC GOAL 3: ADDRESS NATIONAL CHALLENGES AND CATALYZE ECONOMIC GROWTH • Strategic Objective 3.3: Inspire and Engage the Public in Aeronautics, Space, and Science. • Inspire, engage, educate, and employ the next generation of explorers through NASA-unique Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics learning opportunities. • Performance Goal 3.3.3: Provide opportunities for learners to engage with NASA’s aeronautics, space, and science people, content, and facilities in support of a diverse future NASA and aerospace industry workforce. • Performance Goal 3.3.5: Provide opportunities for learners to contribute to NASA’s aeronautics, space, and science missions and work in exploration and discovery.

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_2018_strategic_plan.pdf

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA Centers and Facilities

Software Plum Brook Station Glenn Independent (GRC) Research Verification and Center Validation (GRC) Facility (GSFC)

Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GSFC)

Goddard Space Flight Ames Center (GSFC) Research Center Wallops Flight (ARC) Facility (WFF)

NASA Headquarters (HQ)

Langley Research Center (LaRC) Jet Propulsion Marshall Space Laboratory Armstrong Flight Center (JPL) Flight Research (MSFC) Center (AFRC) Kennedy White Sands Space NASA Test Facility Center Shared NASA Centers (JSC) (KSC) Michoud Stennis Services NASA Facilities Johnson Assembly Space Center (SSC) Federally Funded Space Facility Center Research and Center (MSFC) (SSC) Development Center (JSC) https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_2018_strategic_plan.pdf

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/installations.html

Independent Verification and Validation White Sands Test Facility, located in San Facility, located in Fairmont, W.Va. Goddard Institute for Space Andres Mountains outside Las Cruces, N.M. Studies, in New York City

Goddard Space Flight Center, main Wallops Flight Facility, located on Virginia's campus, located within Greenbelt, Md Eastern Shore

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Organizations and Projects

Code Code Code Code Code Code Code Code 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Office of the Safety & Engineering IT & Director Mission & Communications Assurance Technology

Management Flight Sciences Suborbital & Open the link to view Operations Projects & Special Orbital GSFC Organizations and Projects Exploration Projects

• http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/organizations/org2.html

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Goddard Space Flight Center Exploration and Space Communications

23 launches supported per year on average. Expected to double with increased HSF and CubeSat missions

98% 1,200 of NASA data Blu-ray disks worth transmitted goes of data est. equates through Goddard to the volume that each day as of SN and NEN handle July 2016. every day.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER MISSIONS SUPPORT

QuikSCAT Wind Voyager EO-1 Stereo ERBS ACRIMSAT RHESSI TOMS TRMM Geotail SOHO Aqua ICESat

TIMED Landsat 7 TRACE SAMPEX THEMIS TOPEX CALIPSO

ACE Terra GRACE

SORCE Cluster POES SDO IMAGE AIM Aura FAST GOES Polar GPM

MMS Solar-B

IBEX NPP Aquarius CloudSat TDRSS LDCM Osiris-Rex (Sample Return) RBSP TWINS WMAP (Instrument) Cassini

NuSTAR JWST HST GALEX New Horizons WISE

Messenger Spitzer SWAS Astro-H

RXTE Galileo IUE Juno MAVEN Integral

Pioneer EUVE

FUSE Swift COBE Mars Science Laboratory Fermi Compton GRO LADEE LRO

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER The NEN uses ground-based antennas to provide “best- value” tracking, telemetry and command services to NASA missions operating in the near-Earth region. The NEN’s resources continuously evolve to meet the changing communications needs of the missions it supports.

The Near Earth Network

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NEN Capabilities

NASA owns a number of ground stations,  Polar-orbiting missions such as those in Wallops Island, Virginia,  High data rates and the Alaska Satellite Facility, but the network also contracts out coverage from  Data transmission to missions commercial stations. Together, they beyond LEO out to libation point comprise more than 20 sites covering more than 40 spacecraft.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Map of Near Earth Network Stations

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA’s CubeSats

CubeSats, also known as nanosatellites, offer a low-cost way to get science data from space. These missions typically last 90 days and are intended for small-scale research projects. NASA often partners with universities and schools to create some of these short-term research projects.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER The Deep Space Network

• The DSN supports spacecraft observing planets far into our solar system and beyond • It currently has 3 ground stations placed around the Earth • The diameter of the antennas range in size from 34 meters (111 feet) to 70 meters (230 feet) – equivalent to a 20 story building! • 70 meter antennas capture a 20 watt signal

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION Dr. Harry Shaw | Utah State Radio Frequency and Microwave Day | Sept. 12-13, 2018 NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Deep Space Network Facilities

DSS-24 DSS-25 DSS-26 DSS-27 DSS-54 DSS-55 DSS-34 DSS-35 34m (BWG-1) 34m (BWG-2) 34m (BWG-3) 34m (HSB) 34m (BWG-1) 34m (BWG-2) 34m (BWG-1) 34m (in 2015)

DSS-28 DSS-63 DSS-43 34m (HSB) 70m 70m DSS-14 Signal Processing Signal Processing Signal Processing 70m Center SPC-10 Center SPC-60 Center SPC-40

DSS-13 34m (**R&D) DSS-65 GPS DSS-45 GPS DSS-15 GPS 34m HEF 34m (HEF) 34m (HEF) Goldstone, California Madrid, Spain Canberra, Australia

CTT-22 Compatibility Test Trailer

MIL-71 Launch Support Facility at KSC

JPL, Pasadena Network Operations ITT, Monrovia Control Center Service Preparation, (NOCC) Logistics, Compatibility Testing, O&M Analysis

http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/694635main_Pres_Public_University_Navarra_Astronaut_Robotic.pdf EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER [email protected] i do that all the time!!! Deep Space Customers

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER The Space Network

The TDRS Constellation

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER The Space Network

• The Space Network (SN) is a combination of national and international ground stations paired with NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) fleet • Currently, there are 10 TDRSs geosynchronously orbiting the Earth at 22,000 miles

• Using radio frequency (RF) the SN is capable of transmitting to and receiving data from spacecraft with 100% coverage of the satellites orbit • Data collected on user spacecraft is sent to a TDRS, which then downlinks the data to the White Sands Ground Terminal (WSGT) or the Guam Remote Ground Terminal (GRGT). This data is then sent to the customer. WSGT GRGT

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION Dr. Harry Shaw | Utah State Radio Frequency and Microwave Day | Sept. 12-13, 2018 NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Space Network Capabilities

• S-band RF capabilities • Increased transmission rates • Coverage of 3 major oceanic regions • The SN provides tracking and data acquisition services between low Earth orbiting (LEO) spacecraft and data processing facilities. • The position, time and frequency data provided by the SN enables users to maintain precise spacecraft orbit prediction, orbit determination and attitude determination and control.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER TDRS Replenishment

• The TDRS fleet is comprised of three generations • There are 10 TDRSs currently in orbit • New TDRSs are launched to: • Replenish outdated TDRSs in GEO • Support higher data rates • Enhance communications security 19832018

First Generation Second Generation Third Generation TDRS-A to TDRS-G TDRS-H to TDRS-J TDRS-K to TDRS-M

EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION ANDAND SPACESPACE COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTSPROJECTS DIVISIONDIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA Networks Span the Globe

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Space Communication Basics

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Space Operations 101

Relation Between Space Segment, Ground System, and Data Users*

Ground System Command Commands Requests Spacecraft and Payload Support

• Mission Planning Telemetry • Flight Operations • Flight Dynamics • Perf. Assess., Trending & Archiving Space Data Users • Anomaly Support Segment

Data Relay and Level (S/C) Mission Zero Data Processing Mission Data Data • Space-to-ground Comm. • Data Capture • Data Processing • Network Management • Data Distribution • Quick Look

* Based on Wertz and Wiley; Space Mission Analysis and Design

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Space Communications - End to End Process

From reflector (dish)- To reflector (dish)- outgoing Captured signal signal Polarizer Polarizer From reflector (dish)- Captures To reflector (dish) - Directs focuses the signal and focus signal

Separate incoming signal Separate incoming signal Diplexer Diplexer from outgoing signal from outgoing signal

Amplify the modulated The ‘Signal’ Amplify the received Amplifier signal Amplifier (Electromagnetic signal (Low Noise) Waves) Analog signal Analog signal Ranging Reconstitute the Modulate symbol signal symbol stream Ranging Modulator stream on to the carrier Demodulator signal Carrier Reference signal Symbol stream (bits) Soft Symbol signal The stream (bits) Convert to a coded Medium Reconstitute the Encoder symbol stream bit stream Decoder

Bit stream Bit stream Constitute the data Organize data for formats and forward Processor transmission- Frames, Processor the data (Frames, Files) Files as addressed Digital data

System Data Mission Data Capture desired Camera Sensor Status information convert to digital format

Desired measurements

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Space Communications - The Medium

From reflector (dish)- To reflector (dish)- outgoing Captured signal signal Polarizer Polarizer From reflector (dish)- Captures To reflector (dish) - Directs focuses the signal and focus signal

Separate incoming signal Separate incoming signal Diplexer Diplexer from outgoing signal from outgoing signal

The ‘Signal’ Amplify the modulated Amplify the received Amplifier signal (Electromagnetic Amplifier Waves) signal (Low Noise) Analog signal Analog signal Ranging Reconstitute the Modulate symbol signal symbol stream Ranging Modulator stream on to the carrier Demodulator signal Carrier Reference signal Symbol stream (bits) Soft Symbol signal The stream (bits) Convert to a coded Medium Reconstitute the Encoder symbol stream bit stream Decoder

Bit stream Bit stream Constitute the data Organize data for formats and forward Processor transmission- Frames, Processor the data (Frames, Files) Files as addressed Digital data

System Data Mission Data ….. Capture desired Camera Sensor Status information convert to digital format

Desired measurements

Pointing Polarization Atmospheric Space Pointing Loss Loss Loss, Loss Loss Rain Loss

Transmitter SPACE Receiver CHANNEL

Antenna Galactic, Star, Antenna Terrestrial Noise

Loss Loss Receiving Noise Ref point Power Amplifier LNA

Transmitter Receiver

Modulator Implementation Demodulator Loss

Coding Decoding

Information Information Source Sink

Satellite transmitter-to-receiver link with typical loss and noise sources

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Standardization of Communications Protocols and Space Internetworking

Example of CCSDSCCSDS REP ProtocolORT: OVER VStackIEW OF SPACE- Consistency COMMUNICATION andS PROTOCO InteroperabilityLS • Application Layer Protocols – SCPS File Protocol (SCPS-FP) – Lossless Data Compression Lossless Data Image Data Compression Compression – Image Data Compression – CFDP provides the functionality of the both the Application Layer (i.e., functions for file management), as well as the Transport Layer. CFDP SCPS-FP/FTP • Transport Layer Protocols – SCPS Transport Protocol (SCPS-TP) Version 6 SCPS-TP/TCP UDP – The CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) – TCP and UDP can be used on top of SCPS-NP, IP Version 4 and IP Version 6 • Network Layer Protocols: SPP SCPS-NP IP V4/V6 – Space Packet Protocol – SCPS Network Protocol (SCPS-NP) – Internet Protocol (IP), Version 4 Prox-1 Data TC SDLP TM SDLP AOS SDLP Link – Internet Protocol (IP), Version 6 Prox-1 Coding and TC SCC TM SCC • Data Link Layer Sync – Data Link Protocol Sublayer of the Data Link Layer: Prox-1 • TM Space Data Link Protocol Physical RF and Modulation Systems • TC Space Data Link Protocol • AOS Space Data Link Protocol SCPS-SP and IPSec can be used between the Transport • Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol - Data Link Layer and Network layers in any combination of protocols. – Synchronization and Channel Coding Sublayer of the Data Link Layer: SPP = Space Packet Protocol • TM Synchronization and Channel Coding SDLP = Space Data Link Protocol • TC Synchronization and Channel Coding SCC = Synchronization and Channel Coding • Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol - Coding and Synchronization Layer Figure 2-2: Some Possible Combinations of Space Communications Protocols • Physical Layer – Recommends the characteristics of the RF/Optical and modulation systems (Reference:In figure 2-1, CCSDS.there are two 130.0 prot-ocolsG-2. that Overview do not correspond of Space to Communications) a single layer. CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) has the functionality of the Transport and Application Layers. used for Communications over space links between spacecraft and ground stations. Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol has the functionality of the Data Link and Physical Layers.

EXPLORATION ANDAlthough SPACE COMMUNICATIONS CCSDS does not form PROJECTSally define DIVISION Application Program Interfaces (APIs) for the NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER space communications protocols, most CCSDS standards provide service definitions in the form of primitives following the conventions established by ISO (see reference [21]). A primitive is an abstract representation of an API that does not depend on any implementation technology and thus should be used as the baseline for an API.

In the following subsections, the protocols shown in figure 2-1 are briefly introduced. Major features of these protocols will be explained in section 3.

CCSDS 130.0-G-2 Page 2-5 December 2007 The Future of Space Communications

blan New communications systems will continue enabling NASA to support tremendous volumes of data at higher rates with quicker response times.

Goddard Space Flight Center is developing and testing optical communications technology to enhance communications and navigation activities and services for the user.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Optical Communications

LADEE Optical communications systems are under development to enable unprecedented volumes of data return with quicker response times.

Optical communications will enable: . Greater Speed and Volume . Less SWaP . Greater Availability SWaP

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Advantages of Optical

100 Gb/sec

40% more

Higher Data Rates

 5 Gb/sec

RF (Ku-band) Optical

Higher bandwidths enable mission data to be downloaded using shorter contact times, decreasing the number of relay terminals and ground sites.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Advantages of Optical

. 100 Gb/sec . COTS-Based Low-Cost Ground Solution Systems

Low-cost ground segments located at mission sites or data centers lower costs, enable direct control and create decreased ground data transport expenses.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Advantages of Optical

25% Less Power RF Comms Payload Consumption

50% less Mass

SWaP

RF (Ku-band) Optical

Laser communications allow for smaller, lighter flight communications systems that require less power cost savings for missions.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Optical Communications In Action The Future of Space Communication and Navigation Systems

Enhancing upon our current TDRS network, SCaN is working to develop an interoperable optical relay network.

In addition to optical communications capabilities, these relays will also have Ka- band RF capabilities.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Laser Communications Relay Demonstration

The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) will provide at least two years of continuous high-data-rate optical communications from geosynchronous orbit. The relay demonstration will evaluate technologies for both LEO and deep-space applications. The demonstration will leverage existing systems and designs with minimal modifications to gain operational experience while minimizing cost. The demonstration will showcase a reliable, capable and cost-effective optical communications technology for infusionNASA’s into future Next operational Step In Optical systems Communications

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Orion Exploration Mission-2

Orion EM-2 will be the first spacecraft in over 30 years to take astronauts beyond the moon.

EM-2 will use optical communication to downlink data to science users and mission control at Johnson Space Center.

EM-2 will enhance upon the capabilities of its predecessor EM-1, which will be using radio frequency.

An Optical Communications Terminal for the Orion Spacecraft

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Optical to Orion EM-2

RETURN OPTICAL RATES 256 MBPS THAT’S EQUIVALENT TO DOWNLOADING 8 SONGS PER SECOND GET: ULTRA HD IMAGES AND VIDEOS UNCOMPRESSED OPERATIONS PRODUCTS

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Additional Information

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA's Pathways / Student Intern Program • https://intern.nasa.gov/ • https://ossi.nasa.gov/ossi/web/students/login/ • By creating a new OSSI account you will be able to do the following: • Create and maintain student profile • Save opportunities of interest • Apply for Internships, Fellowships and Scholarships • http://www.usajobs.gov/ • NASA's Pathways Student Intern Program • Create Resume on USAJOBS Website, specify keywords, i.e. NASA, Internship, Engineering, Aerospace, Electrical, Computer, Physics, etc.

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Connect with the ESC

Want to learn more about ESC?

Visit us on the web at: esc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Or follow us on social media at: facebook.com/NASA.ESC twitter.com/NASALaserComm facebook.com/NASA.TDRS

twitter.com/NASA_TDRS 46

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER References and Acknowledgement

1. http://www.nasa.gov/content/scan-presentations/

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Back Up Slides

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA Missions Example - Browse Missions by Topic

Earth Universe

http://www.nasa.gov/ http://www.nasa.gov/ content/earth- content/universe- missions-list missions-list

Solar System Humans in

http://www.nasa.gov/ Space content/solar- http://www.nasa.gov/ missions-list content/human- missions-list

EXPLORATION AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS DIVISION NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER