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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40589-9 - Byzantine Style, Religion and Civilization: In Honour of Sir Steven Runciman Elizabeth Jeffreys Index More information

Index

Aaron 11, 13 Apion I, Flavius 419 Abbas Hierax, and Apion family 419, 422 Apion II, Flavius 418–19 Abgar of Edessa 192, 193 Apion III, Flavius 418, 420, 422–3 letter (in Constantinople) 198–9 Apion IV, Flavius 420–1 Acre, crusader scriptorium 165, 167 Apion papyri 419, 421; see also Oxyrhynchus Acta Davidis, Symeonis et Georgii 362, 364, and evidence for administration of 365 estates 421 chronology for pardon of and evidence for family involvement 421–2 Theophilos 366–70 architecture, military, Crusader and quality of as source 363–4 Byzantine 159–62 Symeon’s role in 366, 367, 368, 369 ark of the covenant 9, 14 Aetios, papias 182 armed pilgrimage 253–4 Agat‘angelos, ‘History of Armenia’ 185–6 and knights as small group leaders 253 Agios Ioannis, alternative names for 43 garrisons to guard communications 259–60 port of 41–3 Armenian traditions in 9th cent. routes from 44 Constantinople 186, 187 Alan princess, a hostage 150 Askalon, fortress and shrine 261–2 Alexander, emperor 341, 344 Asotˇ Bagratuni 181, 182, 209, 218 Alexios I Komnenos, letter to Robert of Attaleiates, Michael 244 Flanders 253, 260, 261 Attaleiates, Michael, Diataxis of 244–6; see also on armed pilgrimage 254 Monastery of the Hospice of Al-Idrisi, and Gulf of Dyers 58 All-Merciful Christ Alisan,ˇ L. M., and ‘Discovery of the Relics of the Holy Illuminator’ 177 B. L., Egerton 1139 165–7, 168 Amphilochia, date of first part 210 ‘Basilios’ 166 date of whole work 211 and Jerusalem 165 nature of 209, 210–11 miniatures 166 of Photios painters 166 real addressee of? 211–12 Queen Melisende’s Psalter? 165, 167 so-called, of Basil of Caesarea 212 Bagrat, son of king of Georgia 150 sources used 213–14 Bajezid I 74, 75, 76, 78 theology of 209–10 Balfour, A. J., on building of Manchester Amphilochios, bishop of Ikonion 212 Municpal School of Technology 123 bishop of Kyzikos 206, 210 Balsaˇ III 81 Amyun, churches in 168 barbarians, young, status of in Byzantine Anastasius, emperor 418 court 135, 150–2 and Egyptian intellectuals 417–18 Bardas 361, 368, 370 Anicia Juliana, and St Polyeuktos 418 Barnabas, Apocryphal Acts of 400 Ankara, fortifications of 161 Barnabas, Apostle 396 Anna Komnene, and Greek fire 311, 316 cult of 399–400 Antony of Novgorod 198, 199 discovery of relics of 400 Apion family, contact with properties 423 Laudatio of 400, 401 nomenclature 419 monastic church of 399, 401

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40589-9 - Byzantine Style, Religion and Civilization: In Honour of Sir Steven Runciman Elizabeth Jeffreys Index More information

Index 429

Basil I 6, 178–81, 185 Burkert, W., on shamanism 229 Basil II 326–36 Byzantine–Bulgarian relations (921-4), a Lekapenos 333–4 sources 346–7 ambiguous treatment of court members 334–5 Cadaster of Thebes 56 and family power struggle 334, 335–6 Camblak, Gregory 75 and the ‘Powerful’ 327, 333 Campanopetra 394–403 and the Lekapenoi 333 and pilgrimage 395, 399 attitude to Constantine VIII 335 and relic of Holy Cross 397 marriage policy 336 built by Anthemius 401 novel against the ‘Powerful’ 332 lay-out of church 394–5 paucity of evidence on 326–7 original location 394 recent work on 327–8 stone tank 401–3 revolts of Phokas and Skleros 328, 333 Zeno’s commission 401–3 Basil Lekapenos, the parakoimomenos 331, Cappadocia, and Paul Lucas’ accounts 411 332–3, 334 Cassiodorus 140 the parakoimomenos, lingering inﬂuence castles, Byzantine, building techniques 160–1 of 332 Crusader, building techniques 160 Basil of Caesarea, correspondence with casts, copying of 120 Amphilochios 212 Cavallo, G., on Vat. gr. 699 8 basin, Venetian 93–116 Cernomen,ˇ battle of 72, 73, 78 description of 93–104 Chadwick, H., on Photios 207 differences from V&A panel 116, 123–4 chalices, Romanos 32 function of 105–6 cheirosiphons 296 in Byzantine style 91 nature of 314–15 lion’s head parallels 116, 124 cherubim 11, 13 parallels in San Marco and Torcello 107–11, Christ Emmanuel, medallion 27–9 124 Christian Topography 4, 5 parallels with V&A panel 111–13 Book V 9 parallels with Venetian exterior Florence MS. 5, 17 ornament 113–15, 123–4 Sinai MS. 5, 17 Beck, H.-G., on Photios as theologian 207 Vatican MS. 4, 9 Bentley, J. F., and Westminster Vatican MS., format 6, 18 Cathedral 123–4 Vatican MS., iconophile arguments 17–18 Bignon, Abbe,´ and Paul Lucas 406, 411 Vatican MS., parchment 7 Bintliff, J. 48 Vatican MS., ruling system 7 Birbaum, Franc¸ois 27–8 Christodorus 417 bishoprics, in Middle Byzantine Boeotia 51 civitates, failure of 49 Boeotia, early Byzantine forts in 47–8 Clement I 185 middle Byzantine economic revival 55–6 Colluthus of Lykopolis 417 silk production in see silk manufacture Constantia 395; see also Campanopetra Boeotian Survey 50, 51, 53, 55 destruction of 397 Bohemond of Tarentum 254, 258, 261, Constantine, and Constantinopolitan 263 Senate 414–15 Boris, son of Peter of Bulgaria 150 and founding of Constantinople 414 Botkin, Mikhail Petrovich 27 and provincial networks 414 British Museum 93 Constantine and Methodios 185 Buchthal. H. 165–7 Constantine V 3, 344 Buchwald, H. 106, 115 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 341, Bulgaria, Byzantine aggressive policy 355 towards 344 Constantine VIII 335 medieval, geography of 343 Constantine VIII, and his unmarried medieval, implications of location daughters 336

430 Index

Constantine IX Monomachos 31, 32, 33 Djuradj II StracimirovicBal´ siˇ c´ 81, 82 crown of 31–3 Domvraina, Bay of 41, 44, 48 miniature of, in Sinaiticus 364 33 Dubrovnik 81 Constantine the Philosopher 75, 78 Dufrenne, S., on tabernacle imagery 16 Constantinople 6, 7–8 Dusan,ˇ see Stefan UrosIVDuˇ sanˇ a ‘melting pot’ 413 and court of Basil II 328 earrings, Middle Byzantine 26–7 reasons for foundation 413 with filigree enamel 26–7 Crane, W. 118, 120 Ecumenical Council, Seventh 3 Crown of Hungary, Holy 32 Egypt, ‘breadbasket of empire’ 416 Crusader art 168–70 contribution to intellectual life 417–18 Crusader icons 170 demographic significance 415–16 crusading leaders, attitudes to Islam 261 economic significane 416 inability to read inscriptions 261–2 Nile flood 416 previous awareness of Islam 260, 261 place in East Roman world 415–18 treatment of Muslims 265 source of administrators 416–17 curse-tablets 225, 230 Ellas-Peloponnesos 57 Cyrus of Panopolis 417 enamel, cloisonne8´ enamels, 19th-cent. manufacture of 27–9 daimones, Jewish and Christian attitudes Byzantine 25–33 to 225–6 forgery of 26–33 Dalton, O. M. 92 in Botkin collection 27–9 Daphnopates, Theodore 353 Er¯otapokrisis 209 Theodore, on peace with Bulgaria 347 Erythrius 417 De administrando imperio 347 Eulogius 416, 417 on oil sources for Greek fire 291, 305, 309 eunuch monks, examples of 239–40 Decani,ˇ monastery 77, 147 exceptions to proscriptions in typika 240 decline, rural 49 eunuchs as angels 240, 246 defter of 1466/7 39, 41, 44 prescriptions against in monastic typika 238 Delphi, as ‘Kastri’ 40, 41 proscribed in typika of Mt Athos 239 Demus, O. 106, 116 proscribed in typikon of Mar Saba 239 Dionysiaka, and Dionysos Zagreus 281 Eusebios 192, 193 conflicting interpretations of 276 exhibitions, Byzantine art 25 Dionysos to console mankind with Byzantine art, Baltimore, 1947 25, 27 wine 282 Byzantine art, Berlin, 1939 25, 26 Dionysos’s mission 281, 284 Byzantine art, New York, 1997 25, 26, 31 key role of Semele 281, 282–3, 284 Byzantine art, Paris, 1931 25, 26, 31 linear composition? 275 Byzantine art, Paris, 1992–3 25, 29 on reciprocal human and divine relations 280 Faberge,´ workshop of 27–8 preambles 278–80 Faberzhe, Tatiana 27 see also Nonnos of Panopolis Fauth, W. on Dionysiaka 275 selective summary of 280–4 Flavius Anthemius Isidorus 416 two versions of discovery of the vine 284; Fondaco dei Turchi, roundel 115 see also Nonnos of Panopolis fortifications, Byzantine 159 ‘Discovery of the Relics of the Holy Crusader 159 Illuminator’, anachronism 185 Fulcher of Chartres 253, 261 date of composition 182–4, 187 English translation of 178–81 George, catholicos of Armenia 182 location of churches 183–4 Germanos 138 publication history of 177–8 Gesta Francorum Anonymi 253, 254, 257, 259, role of Photios 184–5, 187 261, 262, 263, 264 Djuradj Brankovic,´ Despot 74, 83, 85 goetia, see magic

Index 431

Gorica, church of St George 82, 83 the tile 197, 199 Goriˇcki Zbornik 82 to Paris 199–200 Greek fire 290–316 travellers’ accounts of 198 ‘prepared’ oil 310, 315 tuile and touaile 198 a flame-thrower (Byzantine) 290 Innocent VI 72 and De administrando imperio 292 inscriptions in Holy Land, and siphon 293 incomprehensible 261 Arab use of 291, 314 Isaija, monk 73 Byzantine access to oil for 309 Isidore of Pelusium 419 debates on nature of 291–2 first attestations of 291 Jackson, T. G., and Giggleswick School 123 incendiary missiles (western) 290 Jacoby, D., on silk production 57 petroleum-based 291 Jefimija (also Jelena), nun, widow of Jovan practical experiments with 291 Ugljesaˇ 75, 78–9 see also liquid fire and encolpion 78 Gregory of Nazianzos, career of 226 and katapetasma 79 commentaries on Sermons 227; see also and pokrov 79 Pseudo-Nonnos Jela, daughter of Lazar and Milica 81–3 Invectives against the Emperor Julian 226 Jelena, see Jela magic and Magi 227 Jerusalem, crusader scriptorium 167 Homilies, Paris MS. 5, 6, 9, 13 Jevgenija, see Milica Gregory, T. 47, 48, 49, 53, 55 John Lydus 417, 418, 421 Guilland, R., on court eunuchs 238–9 John Malalas 420, 421 John of Damascus 14 Hale, Kathleen and Orlando books 120 John V Palaiologos 147, 148 handbooks, magic, Egyptian 225 John VI Kantakouzenos 145, 148 Hephaestus, Flavius 418 John, archbishop of Nicaea 186–7 Heraklides, son of Apion II 418, 419, 420 on Armenian liturgical differences 187 Hercules, panel in Bode Museum 116 John, patriarch 361, 362 Hierokles 48 account of deposition (Acta) 370 Synekdemos 45, 48, 49 account of deposition (Theophanes Hilandar, gifts of Jefimija to 77 Continuatus) 370 monastery of 78–9, 84, 148 deposed 368–9 Hypatius 417 Jovan Ugljesaˇ 72 Julian the Alexandrian 417 Ibanes, protospatharios 151 Julian the Egyptian 417 Ibn Shahram, envoy to Constantinople 330, Justin II 30, 31 333, 336 Justinian 419, 422, 423 on Basil II and advisors 330–2 fortifications in Hellas 48–9 report of 330 Iconoclasm 3, 4 Kakosi 41; see also Agios Ioannis, Thisvi iconoclast debates 14 Kantakuzina/Katarina 83 iconophile authors 13–16 and embroidered mitre 86 icons, and Western donors 169 Kastorion 41, 50, 51; see also Thisvi Image of Edessa 192–202 and silk production 57–8 arrival in Constantinople 196 as bishopric 51, 57 as palladium 197 routes to and from 42, 44–5 development of legend 192–3 status of 44 in Genoa 199 Kastoriya, see Thisvi in the ‘Grande Chasse’ˆ 200, 202 kastron 50, 51 in the Pharos 197 Kerbogha, battle of 253, 254 processed through Constantinople 196–7 Khludov Psalter 13 size and appearance of reliquary 200–2 Knights of St John 374–7, 390; see also Rhodes

432 Index

knights, and manual tasks 260 terminology for 228 knights, leadership, sources on 253 to compel deity’s intervention 225 limited understanding of Orient 266–7 Manasija-Resava 76 Koder, J. 45, 47, 50 Manchester 104 Kondakov, N. P., on Botkin’s enamels 28–9 Manchester College of Art Collection 93, 119; Konstantinos of Antioch, see see also Manchester Metropolitan Konstantinos/Kosmas 5 University Konstantinos/Kosmas 8, 9 Manchester Metropolitan University 93 Korres, Th., on Greek fire 292, 294 Manchester Museum of Arts and Korykos, fortifications of 160, 161 Crafts 119–20, 121, 122; see also Kosmas Indikoploustes, see Manchester College of Art Collection Konstantinos/Kosmas 5 Manchester Technical Instruction Kosovo, battle of 79 Committee 118–20 Manuel I, patron in Bethlehem 165 Lagoudhera, Cyprus 170 Manuel, uncle of Theodora 361 Lazar Hrebeljanovicˇ 74, 76, 79 role in restoration of icons 362–3 Leake, W. 41, 46 Mara Brankovic81´ Leo I 138 Mara, daughter of Djuradj Brankovic83´ Leo III 3, 4 and relic of St John of Rila 85 Leo of Synada, and Basil II 334 and relic of St Luke 85 Leo VI, on siphons 293 character and patronage 84–6 Leroy, J., on Vat. gr. 699 6–7 in harem of Murad II 83 Lesnovo 147 Marica, battle of 73 Lethaby, W. R. 92, 123 Markov Manastir 73 Licinia Eudoxia, medallion of 26 mason, master, with Crusaders 163–4 liquid fire, experiment in 2002 297 Maximos the Confessor 210 experimental projector 299–303, 305–9, McGuckin, J., on St Symeon the New 310–13, 314 Theologian 329 pressure container problems 298–303 Mehmed II 83, 85 projected from siphons 293; see also Greek Methodios, patriarch 361, 364, 367, 369 fire and pardon of Theophilos 365 Liutprand of Cremona 45, 141, 142 role of infant emperor in election of 369 and Greek fire 290, 295, 311 Michael III 181, 182, 183 Livadostro, derivation of 58 Michael of Bulgaria, abdicated 340 port of 42 Michael, magistros and sakellarios 332–3, Livrea, E. on Dionysiaka 276 334 Ljubostinja 76 Milica, character and patronage 74–7, 78 Logothete chronicle 347, 351, 352 Milica, later the nun Jevgenija 75 date of meeting of Symeon and Milica, wife of Lazar Hrebeljanovicˇ 74, 75–8 Romanos 347–8 monasteries, eunuch-only 238–48 on restoration of orthodoxy 361 list of 240–1 Loukas of Steiris 40; see also Osios Loukas Monastery of Eunuchs near Jericho 241, 243 monastery of 40 Monastery of Eunuchs on Mt Olympos 241–2 Vita of 40, 43, 44, 50, 51 Monastery of St Lazaros, Constantinople 241, Vita of, and historical geography 45 242 Lucas, Paul 405–6, 407–10, 411 Monastery of the Agauroi on Mt Olympos 241, 242 magic, ambiguous imperial attitudes 226 Monastery of the Eunuch Monk Symeon 241, Ancient Egyptian texts 225 243–4 as summoning of daimones 230 Monastery of the Hospice of All-Merciful belief in, in antiquity 224–5 Christ 241, 244–7 definitions of, by Pseudo-Nonnos 224, Monastery of the Katharoi 241 227–8, 230 Monastery of the Saviour on Mt Galesion 241, positive uses of 228–9 242–3

Index 433

Morris, William 93, 124 Petronas 361, 368 The Adoration of the Kings 121 pharmakeia, see magic mosaic work, Byzantine dominance in 164 Philokales, the protovestiarios, and Basil II Moses, tabernacle of 5 335 Movses¯ Xorenac‘i, ‘History of Armenia’ 187 Phokas, Bardas 330, 331, 335 Murad I 74 Photios 8, 9, 14, 18, 141, 182, 184 Murad II 83 and Amphilochia 206 murex 54, 58 and Armenians 209 and Bibliotheca 8, 206 Narratio de imagine edessena 192, 193, 194–5, and Christ’s ‘gnomic’ will 219–20 196 and Christology 218–19 Neilos Doxapatris 40 and doctrinal theology 215 Nestorios 8 and Filioque 207, 208 Nicholas Mystikos 142, 144, 342, 351, and lay tradition of theology 207, 220 352 and relics of Clement I 185 correspondence with Symeon 341–2, 346, and Scriptural theology 213 348–9, 350, 351 and spirituality 206, 215 Nikephoros I 344 and the monk Job (Cod. 222) 216–17 Nikephoros Ouranos 331, 332, 334 and Trinitarian questions 216–17 Nikephoros, patriarch 14 and Trinitarian theology 217–18 Nikodemos, praepositos 181, 182 as theologian 207 Nikon of Jerusalem, also Nikandar career of 206 Jerusalimac 82, 83 comparison with Basil of Caesarea? 212 Nock, A. D. on Simon Magus 229 knowledge of John of Damascus? 220 Nonnos of Panopolis, and the learning of 206–7 Dionysiaka 275–84; see also Dionysiaka preference for ‘Antiochene’ or ‘Alexandrian’ biography 276–7 theology? 214 date 277 theological texts in Bibliotheca 213 metrical skill 277 see also ‘Discovery of the Relics of the Holy not the author of Paraphrasis 277–8 Illuminator’ Poitiers Triptych 29–31 Obolensky, D. 207 Popov, Piotr Nikolaevich 27–8 Oikonomides, N. 31 Praeiecta, wife of Apion III 420 Olympias, daughter of Guiscard 151 praepositos, a ninth-century dignity 183 Olympiodoros of Thebes 417 Praktikon of Athens 56 Orthodoxy, restoration of, chronicle Presentation in the Temple, plaque 27–9 sources 361–2 Procopius, De aediﬁciis 48 Orthodoxy, restoration of, other sources 362 Procopius, on settlements in Boeotia 49 Osios Loukas 40, 41–3, 45, 59; see also Loukas prophets 9, 17 of Steiris psalter, Pantokrator 61 7, 13, 16–17, 18 outsiders, young, in Rome during psalters, marginal 9, 17 Principate 136 Psellos, Michael 210, 327, 328, 335 Oxyrhynchus 421 on fall of Basil Lekapenos 331 Oxyrhynchus papyri, P. Oxy 1860 421 Pseudo-Nonnos, changing meaning of Oxyrhynchus papyri, P. Oxy 4397 422–3 daimon 231 Oxyrhynchus, site of Apion properties 421 later use of Commentaries 227 magic and Magi 227 Pala d’Oro 31, 32 nature of Commentaries 227; see also palaeo-environmental studies, value of in Gregory of Nazianzos Boeotia 54–5 negative to goeteia 229 papyri, magic 225, 226, 230 on pharmakeia 230 Peloponnese 40 positive to mageia 229 Peter, son of Symeon 354 supernatural powers in the emperor of Bulgaria 355 Commentaries 230–1

434 Index

Rade Borovic,´ builder of Ljubostinja 76 Saewulf 58 Radegund, Saint, widow of Chlotar I 30, 31 St Gayiane¯ 184, 185–6 Ravinica, monastery of 79 St Grigor the Illuminator 178, 181, Raymond of Aguilers 253, 258–9, 261, 263, 184–5 264, 265–6 St Hrip‘sim˙ e¯ 184, 185–6 Rhodes, bibliographic tools on St Hrip‘sim˙ e,¯ relics of 185–6 topography 377–8 St John of Rila, relic of 85 blending of Greek and Latin culture 376, St Nicholas tis Stegis, Cyprus 168 377 St Symeon the New Theologian 329–30 castles 390–1 Salvator, Archduke Ludwig 52, 54 freestanding towers and castles 390 Samosata, miracles at 194 freestanding towers 374–90 San Lazarro, Mekhitarist monastery, Agia Anna 378–9 Venice 177 Agias Minas 378–9 San Marco, gallery balustrade 106–11 Aphandou 379–80 Sandalj Hranic´ 81–2 built by Knights of St John 374 scribes, role of, with Crusaders 164 Cape Phoka 380 scriptorium, see Acre, Jerusalem Cape Vigli 380 script, minuscule 8 dates of 374 Scrofani, X. 42 Dhimilia 380–1 sculpture, Venetian or Byzantine? 106 Gennadi 381 Serbia 72, 74,78, 83 Glyfada 381–2 patriarchate of 74 Kalavardha 382 shell-dumps, murex 50, 51, 54 Kritikou 382–5, 387 Sherry, L., on Nonnos 278 Lachania 385 silk manufacture 39, 53–4, 59 not located, Agia Marina 388 in Boeotia 54–5, 57–8 not located, Cape Ladhiko 388 toponyms for 58 not located, Kamiros Skala 388 Simpson, Councillor W. 104, 106, 118, 119, not located, Lelos 388 121, 124 not located, Massari 389 gift of basin 122 not located, Merouli 389 travels and acquisition of Oriental not located, Monolithos 389 artefacts 121–2 not located, Stegna 389 siphon, types of 293–5 not located, Trianda 390 and meaning of strepton 296 Phourni 385–6 on dromons 295 Pirgos 381, 384, 386–8 pictorial evidence for 295–6 purposes of 391 terminology for associated geography of 375–6 equipment 296–7 history after 1204 376 see also Greek ﬁre, liquid ﬁre survey of medieval monuments 374–91 Skleros, Bardas 331, 335 Robert de Clari 198, 199, 200 Skylitzes, John, on Basil II 326, 327, 328–9 Rolfe, J. 52 on fall of Basil Lekapenos 331 Romanos Lekapenos 342 uninterested in Constantinople 329 correspondence 346, 353 small group engagements, looting 256–7 meeting with Symeon of Bulgaria 343, 347, religious exhilaration 255–6 351–2 tactics 254–5 negotiations with Symeon of Bulgaria 350 Snodgrass, A. 48 Roux, G., and Campanopetra 29 sorcery (pharmakeia), see magic Ruskin, J., Seven Lamps of Architecture 124 Southern Argolid Survey 50 Stones of Venice 92, 123 staurotheke, Limburg 32 Stefan Dusanˇ 137 Sabin-Gus, Iurevich, and enamels 27 and Byzantine iconographical Sacra Parallela 9 programmes 146–7

Index 435

and law-making 146 tabernacle 17 aspirations to parity with Byzantium 147–8 Tarbell, F. 52 boyhood in Constantinople 145 Thebes 57, 58 effects of experiences in Themistius 415 Constantinople 148–50 Theodora, daughter of Constantine VIII 31 emperor of Serbs and Greeks 145–6 Theodora, empress, attitude to icons 362–3 Stefan Lazarevic´ 74, 75, 76, 77, 81 initial reluctance to restore icons 362 Stefan Urosˇ III Decanskiˇ 145 insistence on Theophilos’ pardon 363 Stefan UrosIVDuˇ sanˇ 72, 74 wife of Theophilos 181, 182, 361, 362, 364, Stefan UrosVˇ 72 365 Stephen of Blois 254, 265, 266, 267 Theodoric the Ostrogoth 137 Stigand family, Normans in claims of near-parity 139 Constantinople 151 education in Constantinople 138–9 Strategius I, Flavius 419 effects of experiences in Strategius II, Flavius 419 Constantinople 148–50 Strategius III, Flavius 419–20, 422 letter to Anastasius 139, 140 Strategius IV, Flavius 420 qualities of Romanitas 140 Strategius V, Flavius 421 Theoktistos 361, 368 Studios monastery 4, 8 theology, ‘Philokalic’ tradition 208 Suleiman I 75 lay tradition 208 Swainson, H. 92, 123 Theophanes Continuatus 362–3, 364, 365, Symeon of Bulgaria 137, 340, 342 370–1 accented Greek 141 Theophanes Continuatus-Genesios, on ambitions beyond Bulgaria 344 restoration of orthodoxy 361 and monastic vows 142, 143, 144 Theophilos, emperor 361, 362 attacks on Constantinople 144–5 death-bed repentance, accounts of 364, 365, attitude to Byzantine rulership 142–3 366 campaigns in 922 349 pardon, opposition to 367 claims for imperial status 345 pardoned after death 361, 366, 369 claims of parity with Byzantium 145 Thisbe Basin Survey 38, 50, 51, 55, 56 claims, reasons for 345–6 Thisvai, polis 45 defeated by Serbs 350 Thisvi, a ‘dying city’ 45–6 demands 342, 346, 353 as ‘Kakosi’ 39 early years of reign 341 as ‘Kakosi’, murex dumps 46, 53–4 effects of experiences in as ‘Kastorion’ 39, 40, 41 Constantinople 148–50 as ‘Kastoriya’ 39 invasion 350–1 early Byzantine 46–7 meeting with Romanos Lekapenos 343, Hellenistic and Roman 46 347, 351–3 in Boeotia 38 on justice 143 seventh to ninth centuries 50–1 proclaimed and crowned emperor 143 test-case for transformation 50 take-over of Serbia 354 Thisvi–Domvraina Basin 40 youth and education in Thisvi–Kastorion, acropoleis 53 Constantinople 141–2 archaeological evidence 45 and thwarted Fatimid alliance 349 factors in prosperity of 59 death of 354 industrial-archeological remains 53 Symeon the New Theologian 79 medieval churches 52, 55 Symeon/Stephen, retired droungarios and Middle Byzantine 51–3 hegoumenos of Xenophon 244; see also Middle Byzantine, economy of 55, 56, 59 Monastery of the Eunuch Monk Thiudimer 138, 139 Symeon Torcello, altar frontal 106–9 Syria, and Christian inhabitants 264–5 towns, Byzantine, medieval, rise and fall linguae francae in 264 of 38–9, 40, 45–6, 50, 51, 56

436 Index

trafﬁc, maritime 42, 43, 44–5, 47, 49 warfare, microeconomics of 257–9 translators from Arabic, implied presence Weitzmann, K., and Crusader art 167–8, 169, of 263 170 Trebizond, wall-paintings at 170 Westerink, L. G., on Amphilochia 210, 212 Trombley, F. 45, 47, 50 William of Tyre 265 True Cross, reliquary of, date of 30 Wilson, N., on Photios’s scholarship 207 Fieschi-Morgan 30 witchcraft (goetia), see magic Limburg and der Lahn 30, 31 Wormald, F. 165, 166 Poitiers 29–30 Wyse, Sir T. 53 San Marco 30 Tzetzes, John 413 Yahya ibn Sa’id 326, 329

V&A, see Victoria and Albert Museum Zacharias, of Serbia (921) 342, 344, 349, Vathys Limen 41; see also Domvraina, Bay of 354 Venice, and Byzantium 91 Zak‘aria, catholicos of Armenia 186 Victoria and Albert Museum 92, 93, 124 Zeno, emperor 400 Vladimir of Bulgaria, deposed 340 commissions church for relics of Vladislav Grammatik, Zborniks of 85 Barnabas 400–1 Vroom, J. 51, 55 Zoe, daughter of Constantine VIII 31, 33 Vuk Lazarevic´ 75, 76, 77 Zoe, mother of Constantine VII 342, 351, Vukasinˇ Mrnjavceviˇ c´ 72, 73 352