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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-43093-7 - Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era c. 680–850: A History Leslie Brubaker and John Haldon Index More information

Index

Given the centrality of these concepts to the present work, the terms ‘iconoclasm, iconoclast’ etc., and ‘iconophile’ are not indexed. Monuments are normally listed under location.

‘Abbas, son of al-Ma’mun 409 Anatolikon 28, 70–1, 74, 159, 292, 294, 358, ‘Abd al-Malik, caliph 778 362, 364, 386, 410, 549, 553, 554, 586, ‘Abd ar-Rahman II, caliph 411 613, 633, 634, 691, 697, 704, 759 Abu Qurra, Theodore 188, 233, 234, 246 Anchialos 288, 290 acheiropoieta 35–6, 38, 55, 56, 774, 782 Andrew of Crete 20, 70, 80, 85, 90, 151, 643 Adamnan 58, 141, 781 Angelidi, Christine 216 Adata 410 angels, images of 776 adiectio sterilium 718, 720 Ankara 255, 289, 409, 540, 549, 552, 553, 561 Adoptionism 283, 309 Anna, patrikia 313, 424, 446 Adrianople 361, 362 Anna, daughter of Theodora and Theophilos Aetios, protospatharios 288, 292, 294, 637 433 Agathias 13, 54, 478, 776, 777 Annales Bertiniani 516 Agatho, pope 20 Anne, wife of Leo III 144 Agathos, monastery of 316, 424 Anthony, bishop of Syllaion 369, 390, 391, Agauroi, monastery of 397 392 Aghlabids 405, 411 Anthony the Younger, Life 735 Aistulf, king 169 Anthousa of Mantineon, monastery of 216, Akathistos, Synaxarion 93 240 Akroinon 76, 546, 553 anthypatos 593, 671, 673, 682, 712–13, 716, Alakilise, Church of the Archangel Gabriel 742, 764, 769–70 416 Antidion, monastery 425 Alcuin 281 Antioch (Pisidia) 75 Alexander, Paul 373, 375 Antoninus of Grado 84, 85, 119 Alfonso II, king 304 Antony, patrikios 424 Al-Mahdi, caliph 254 Anzen, battle of 409 Al-Ma’mun, caliph 389, 408, 439 Apamaea 499 Al-Quwaysmah, monastery 107 Aphousia 395 Al-Tabari 549, 585 Aplakes, John 364 Amastris 504, 514, 520, 540, 546, 552, 560 apo eparchon 582, 593, 597 Ambrose of Milan 34, 43 apo hypaton 580, 582–4, 592–4, 597, 614–15, Amorion 252, 255, 289, 392, 404, 409, 462, 694, 739 472, 503, 534, 540, 541, 549, 553, 557, apotheke/-ai 520, 670, 684–5, 687–8, 690–1, 560, 561 694, 696, 698, 710, 727 Anastasia, daughter of Theodora and Apsimar 583, 586, 635, 638, 730 Theophilos 433 Arabs Anastasios I, emperor 11, 434 raids by 71, 75, 166, 242, 251–2, 254, 255, Anastasios II, emperor 72, 74, 77, 588 289, 358, 389, 408, 409, 463, 515, 523, Anastasios, patriarch 88, 94, 153, 191, 656 552, 577, 630 Synodika 84 war with 6, 163, 251–2, 253, 255, 286, Anastasios of Sinai 15, 19, 21, 29, 34, 58, 60, 287, 288, 289, 290, 362, 388, 389, 535, 64, 66, 220, 336, 780, 785–6 777 907

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-43093-7 - Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era c. 680–850: A History Leslie Brubaker and John Haldon Index More information

908 Index

Archangel (church of, Sige) 295 Basil of Caesarea 54, 374 Gabriel (church of, Alakilise) 416 Bavaria 71 Michael 54, 422, 776 Bawit, monastery 323 Arculf 58, 141, 781 Bede 86 Arianism 621 Belisarios, strategos 13 Arichis II, duke (from 774 prince) 171, 251, Benevento 287, 406 258 Berbers 166 Aristotle 375, 785 Beroea (Eirenopolis) 288, 290 arithmos see vigla Book of Ceremonies (De ceremoniis) 144, 313, Arkadioupolis 387 436, 439, 617, 672 Armeniakon 73, 159, 252, 255, 287, 288, 289, Book of the Eparch 508 357, 358, 387, 411, 507, 550, 553, 609, Boskytion, Stoudite monastery 446 633, 636, 697, 738, 760 Bostra, cathedral 113 army Brenk, Beat 443 administration 71, 160, 168, 254, 256, Brindisi 389, 406 270, 287, 291, 359, 361, 364, 383, 411, Brock, Sebastian 778 463, 549, 550, 610, 627–42, 721, Brown, Peter 33, 772 723–71, 797 Bulgars 4, 6, 71, 73, 75, 76, 163, 164–6, protest 26, 28, 269, 370 250, 256, 286, 288, 289, 306, 358, 362, rebellion 12–13, 74, 80, 81, 157, 255, 287, 364, 366, 367, 369, 382, 383, 384, 387, 289, 292, 358, 386, 387, 575, 587, 627, 407, 456, 512, 538, 563, 583, 659, 733, 633, 635, 643, 795 748 Arsaber, patrikios and kuaistor 361, 398 burial 33 Arsamosata 409 Bursis, monastery 396 Artabasdos 73, 78, 89, 156–60, 177, 609, 633, 740, 794, 795 C¸ adır Hoy¨ uk¨ 503, 551, 566 Artemios,Miraclesof 19, 20–1, 56, 57, 58, Caesarea 76 515, 522, 592 Calabria 81, 87, 273, 490, 542, 545 Athens 485, 558, 560 caliphate 384, 387, 787 Athigganoi 364 Abbasid 166, 405 Atroa 287, 395 Umayyad 76, 166, 411, 423 Augustine of Hippo 44, 53, 56, 59 Cameron, Averil 772 Auzepy,´ Marie-France 40, 60, 144, 780 Cantino Wataghin, Gisela 34 Avars 23, 71, 163, 509, 524, 631 capitatio-iugatio 717 Azerbaijan 408 Capitulare contra synodum 281, 282 Carthage 457, 491 Babak 408, 409 Castrogiovanni 406 Baktaggios, patrikios 160 Chalcedon, monastery of St Theodore 372 Baldovin, John 621 Chalki 418 Balearic isles 174, 731 Charlemagne, emperor 87, 256, 257, 259, 266, Balentia, monastery of 426 280, 281, 283, 286, 293, 304, 344, 363, Barber, Charles 784 366 Barberini euchologion 39 Charsianon 76, 546 Bardanes, Philippikos 32, 70–1, 72, 313, 366, chartoularios 77, 593, 615, 682, 712, 770 588 Cherson 504, 506, 562 Bardas, caesar 398, 404, 448, 613 Christopher, primicerius 172, 240 Bari 389, 406 Chrysopolis 159, 396, 423 Barsanti 203 Chrysostom, John 620 Basil I, emperor 388, 427 cities Basil II, emperor 389 change over time 22–4, 25–6, 453–4, 464, Basil, son of Leo V and Theodora 418 531–63 Basil of Ankara 272 status 24

Index 909

clarissimus Chora, monastery of the 160 (lamprotatos) 591–3, 604, 673 church of the Apostles (Apostoleion) 269 Classe, St Apollinare in 342 church of the Forerunner tou Phoberou 396, Clement of Alexandria 37, 41, 68 427 Coates-Stephens, Robert 146 church of the Forty Martyrs 404 coins 146, 147–50, 226–27, 257, 288, 352–55, circus factions 26, 28, 617, 628 415, 431–34, 466–74, 484–88, 492, 517, collegia 28, 630 559–60, 715 construction 161, 309–13, 413, 419, 422, Cologne notice 293 536, 539, 721 Comacchio 490 Daphne palace, Hagios Stephanos 64, 347, comes/-ites 737 385 comes rei privatae 577 Eleutherios palace 288, 311 comes sacrarum Euphrosyne ta Libadia, monastery 313 largitionum 683 foundation 24 comites commerciorum 682–3, 715 Gastria, monastery 423 comites rei militaris 673 George, church of the Mangana 421 conspiracy 12, 175, 239, 249, 254, 288, 291, Great Palace 292, 358, 361, 393, 409, 410, 575, 637, Chrysotriklinos 306, 422 662, 795 Hagia Eirene 212–13, 215, 296, 298, 303, Constans II, emperor 19–20, 164, 285, 368, 413, 419 380, 490, 508, 580, 661 Hagia Sophia 64, 65, 73, 201, 206, 214, 275, Constantine, son of Theophilos 403 290, 294, 295, 296, 310, 312, 371, 372, Constantine I, emperor 368 414, 416, 419, 420, 427, 435, 450, 591, donation of 173, 251 620 Constantine II, patriarch 191, 238 Hodegon monastery 216, 368 Constantine II, pope 172 Lausiakos palace 422 Constantine IV, emperor 20, 28, 164, 285, 491 Magnaura palace 269, 271, 276, 404, 655 Constantine V, emperor 5, 6, 46, 76, 85, 87, Mamas palace 290, 291 89, 92, 96, 97, 153, 156–247, 263, 265, Panteleimon, monastery 423 267, 268, 272, 277, 278, 285, 287, 294, patriarchate 265, 266, 267 325, 367, 369, 374, 377, 382, 383, 413, Phiale prison 395 480, 559, 561, 629, 632, 638, 643, 656, Porphyrios, monastery 425 659, 662, 705, 787, 790, 793, 797 Samson, hospice 393 Peusis 179, 180, 183 Sergios and Bakkhos, monastery 368, 377, Constantine VI, emperor 179, 249, 253, 266, 396, 660 280, 286–94, 313, 352–4, 367, 383, 391, siege of 31, 72, 75, 93, 151, 159, 387, 552, 414, 561, 658 777 Constantine VII, emperor 620, 639, 761 Sigma 422 Constantine of Apamaea 20 status 24, 248, 464, 548, 562, 574, 600, Constantine of Nakoleia 48, 90, 94, 96, 97, 792 100, 122, 274, 786 Stoudion, monastery 264, 278, 290, 291, Constantine of Syllaion 656 300, 311, 317, 360, 362, 363, 379, 428, Constantine of Tios 138 790 Constantinople Synaxarion 49, 144, 216, 427 Abraamites, monastery of the 396 Ta Anthemiou, monastery 423 Blachernai palace 449, 450, 620 trade 24–5, 472 Bryas palace 405, 421 Virgin of the Source, church 310, 336, 415 Chalke Gate, image over 123, 135, 178, 310, Constantius, adopted son of Thomas the Slav 347, 370, 402, 416, 427, 620 387 Chalkoprateia, church of the Virgin of the Cordoba 410, 411 207, 311 Corinth 407, 484, 558, 560 Chenolakko, monastery 144 Corrigan, Kathleen 427

910 Index

councils Dorylaion 252, 551 Elvira (early fourth century) 41 dromos 472, 680, 689, 705–9 ecumenical (ﬁrst), Nicaea I (325) 368 drouggarios 578, 610–11, 613–4, 633, 635, ecumenical (sixth), Constantinople III 730, 739–40, 758, 766 (680–1) 20, 28, 52, 70, 277, 630 Dunn, Archibald 533 ecumenical (seventh), Nicaea II (787) 6, 32, Dyrrhachion 27, 558 38, 39, 45, 46, 52, 54, 58, 60, 90, 196, 260–76, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, eidikon 667–8 292, 295, 315, 368, 369, 372, 373, 383, Eirene, empress 6, 131, 175, 253, 255, 259, 391, 443, 517, 646, 654, 788, 798 260, 286–94, 347, 354–5, 368, 373, 414, Heireia; 754 39, 46, 122, 152, 156, 173, 180, 561, 597, 612, 633, 636, 637, 655, 745, 189–97, 268, 275, 281, 285, 368, 369, 789, 791 372, 374 Ekloge 78, 79, 122, 142, 240, 593, 595, 597 Quinisext (in Trullo; 692) 22, 29, 30, 50, 61–2, Elaia, monastery 396 91, 141, 219, 338, 778, 779, 780 Elaiobomoi, monastery 397 Crete 388, 406 Elpidios, strategos of Sicily 254–5, 289 cross 44, 45, 47, 65, 67, 79, 80, 91, 93, 130, eparchos/oi (and anthypatoi) 671, 677–8, 140–1, 193, 212, 214, 220, 295, 296, 680–2, 713, 716 325, 350–1, 413, 414, 777 Ephesos 289, 515, 521, 541 curopalates see kouropalates epibole 718 Cuthbert, St 346 Epiphanios of Cyprus 44 Cyprus 76, 358, 457, 485, 498 Epiphanios of Salamis 45, 46, 47, 52 epoptes 712, 750, 770 Dalisandos 75 Euchaita 358, 504, 521, 540, 542, 551, 561, Dalmatia 27, 71, 163, 357, 384, 388 565 Dalmatos, monastery 395 Eugenius, pope 391 Damascus, Great Mosque 423 Euphemios, tourmarches 386 Danelis 600, 601 Euphrosyne, wife of Michael II, daughter of Davis-Weyer, Caecilia 443 Constantine VI 391, 392, 398, 423 De Administrando Imperio see On Imperial Eusebios of Caesarea 11, 41 Administration Eustratios, abbot of Agauroi 397 Debeltos 163, 698, 705 Eustratios, Life 578, 754 De ceremoniis see Book of Ceremonies Euthymios, patriarch 316 Deir al-‘Adas, church of St George 112 Euthymios of Sardis 255, 370, 393 Deir Za’faran 304 Eutychios 297 De’Maffei, Fernanda 203 Eutychios, exarch 82 Demetrios, St, Miracles of 19, 506 Evagrios 11, 35, 36, 54, 55 Democharis, logothetes of the genikon 379, exkoubiton/exkoubitores 385, 603, 629, 743 603 Denis 417 Farmer’s Law 476, 568, 719, 747 Dereagzi˘ 446 Foss, Clive 297 Deroche,´ Vincent 50 Franks 87, 169–70, 171–2, 250–1, 256, Desiderius, king 170, 173 258, 259, 266, 281, 282, 283, 286, De thematibus 549, 550, 676, 762 287, 291, 366, 384, 391, 410, 411, diegesis ophelimos 93 445, 545, 660 dioiketes 576, 592, 594, 598, 631, 669–70, 672, 676, 693, 696, 700, 705, 709–10, 712, genikon 72, 584, 603, 615, 667–8, 679 715–16 Genoa 406 Dobschutz,¨ Ernst von 51 Germanikeia 410 domestikos George of Amastris, Life 514 (of the scholai) 292, 613–14 George of Pisidia 17, 55 (subordinate post) 610 George the sygkellos, Chronography 177 Donceel-Voute,ˆ Pauline 113 George the Syrian, genikon 584

Index 911

Germanos, patriarch 20, 48, 63, 69, 70, 73, Ibn Khurradadhbi 571, 765 79–80, 84, 85, 86, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, iconomachy 2, 10, 412, 773 100, 104, 122, 123, 184, 187, 188, 274, icons 35–8, 40, 48, 50–66, 80, 84, 92, 151, 587, 590, 642, 784 320–36, 372, 382, 401, 402, 441, 784, Gero, Stephen 208, 210 785, 786, 791 Gibbon, Edward 772 destruction of 197–212, 413, 642 gloriosus/gloriosissimus ideology, imperial 11–15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 797 (endoxos/endoxotatos) 591–3, 595 idolatry 40, 44, 45, 50, 79, 91, 98, 99, 121, 122, Goodson, Caroline 445 142, 367, 369, 372, 373, 774, 786 Gouillard, Jean 91 Ignai, monastery 313 Gotthograikoi 72, 631, 632 Ignatios the Deacon 506, 514, 603, 604 Grabar, Andre´ 51, 411 Life of Tarasios (Vita Tarasii) 266 Grado, See of 391 Ignatios, metropolitan of Nicaea 377, 399, Granger-Taylor, Hero 343 476, 576, 658 Graptoi (Theophanes and Theodore) 395, Ignatios, patriarch 396, 425, 612 397, 401, 655 Ignatios, professor 422 Greek Anthology 776 Ikonion 76, 546 Greek ﬁre see liquid ﬁre illustris/-issimus Gregory the Dekapolite 396, 516, 661 (megaloprepes/-estatos) 591–3, 595 Gregory I (the great), pope 44, 282, 317 Illyricum 87, 174–5, 257, 267, 273, 280, 457, Gregory II, pope 80, 81, 82–3, 89, 90, 91, 94 671, 683 Gregory III, pope 84, 85, 90, 123 Ine, king 146 Gregory of Nazianzos 53, 620, 621 Ioannes, sakellarios 253 Gregory of Neocaesarea 272, 273, 648 Ioannikios, St, Life 379, 397, 398, 417, 418, Gregory of Nyssa 34, 53, 99 425, 648, 658 Gregory of Tours 323 Irenaeus 36 Grierson, Philip 226, 353, 432, 433 Isidoros, monastery of 313 Grimoald of Benevento 258, 286 Islam 17, 19, 29, 106, 358, 393, 778, 781 Isoes, komes tou Opsikiou 584 Hadrian I, pope 84, 87, 251, 257, 267, Istria 27, 71, 363, 391 273, 280, 281, 282, 283, 292, 367, 391, 516 James of Stoudion 379 Hadrianum 281 Janin, Raymond 144, 298, 316 Synodika 273, 277 Jeme,ˆ scenes from the Life of Menas 69 Hagiopolites, Epiphanios 322 Jerusalem Harran 443 Dome of the Rock 423 Harun al Rashid, caliph 289, 292, 357 Patriarchate 274 Herakleios, emperor 17, 55, 64, 467, 582, John, abbot of Kathara 394, 401 781 John the Almsgiver, Life 45 Hiereia 298, 368 John of Damascus 38, 43, 46, 47, 48, 52, 54, Hierokles, synekdemos 549 58, 62, 120, 143, 183–6, 188, 196, 233, Higgins, Clare 346 284, 642, 643, 784 hikanatoi 359, 614 John of Gotthia 234 Hilarion, abbot of Dalmatos 395 John, hegoumenos 279 Honorius, pope 70 John, patriarch (the Grammarian) 302, 336, Horden, Peregrine 1 368, 376, 377, 392, 403, 404, 407, 421, Horos/oi 271, 275, 276, 284 439, 448, 449, 659, 660 754: 267, 274, 282, 284, 373 John the Psichaite 313 815: 374, 394 John, sakellarios stratiotikos logothetes 271 Hypatios of Ephesos 44, 45, 48–9, 63 John of Synnada 94, 96, 100, 122 hypatos 580, 582–3, 592–4, 611, 614–15, 649, Joseph, abbot of Kathara 290, 291, 360, 363 681 Joseph, archbishop of Thessaloniki 45, 360, Hypostasis 186 393, 401

912 Index

Joseph the Hymnographer 328 Krautheimer, Richard 178, 305, 443 Judaism 45, 60, 106, 115, 781 Kreskentiou, monastery 390 Julian, emperor (the Apostate) 334 Krum, khan 4, 304, 313, 362, 366, 384 Contra Christianos 41 Kuc¨ ¸ukyalı¨ 421 Julian of Adramyttion 44, 48, 49 Justin II, emperor 14 Lachanodrakon, Michael 156, 235, 242, 252, Justinian I, emperor 11, 12, 13, 14, 66, 297, 254, 288, 300, 402, 609, 650, 736, 741 491, 536, 736 Laodikeia 75 Codex Iustinianus 683 Lazaros (painter) 397, 427 Justinian II Leo, commander of the Armeniakon 358 emperor 28, 31, 70, 74, 76, 164, 576, 580, Leo, patrikios 313 581, 586, 588, 630, 656, 733 Leo, spatharios 293 hall of 422 Leo I, emperor 12 Justinian, magister militum 12 Leo III, emperor 5, 6, 39, 69–155, 325, 413, 416, 508, 523, 561, 588, 705, 721, 745, kaisar/caesar 48, 249, 305, 353, 396, 404, 407, 788, 793, 797 433, 591 Leo III, pope 284, 292, 293, 304, 350, 384 Kalonymos Island, monastery 314 Leo IV, emperor 248–60, 265, 278, 347, 644 Kamachon 76, 255, 289 Leo V, emperor 6, 39, 131, 298, 300, 366–72, Kamateros, Petronas 514 399, 416 Kamoulianai 35, 54–5, 643 as Leo the Armenian 357, 364 Kapetolites, Stephen 422 Leo VI, emperor 316, 754 kapnikon 640, 718–9, 721 Taktika 638, 639, 682, 738, 754, 765, 770 Kardam, khan 288 Leo the Grammarian (Grammatikos) 424, Kastron Didymoteichon 304 439, 443 Kastron Mefaa, church of St Stephen 109 Leo the Mathematician 404 Kassia 424 Leontios, emperor 584, 586, 733 Kassymatas, Anthony 368 Leontios, bishop of Neapolis 45, 49–50, 63, Katakylas 387 143 Katesia, church of St Michael 425 Leontios of Damascus 322 Kathara, monastery 290 Lesbos 294 Kazhdan, Alexander 619 (near), St Isidore, church 426 Kedrenos, George 55 Letter of the Three Patriarchs to Theophilos K’ert’ogh, Vrt’anes 67 (Epistola ad Theophilum imperatorem) Khazars 76, 216, 411, 514, 639 385 Khludov Psalter see Moscow, GIM gr. 129 Liber Pontiﬁcalis (Book of the Popes) 80, 84, Khurramiya 408, 409 90, 119, 145, 337, 427, 441, 492 Kibyrrhaiotai 83, 387, 552, 583, 635, 729 Libri Carolini 281, 282, 285, 307 King, Donald 341 liquid ﬁre 74 Kitzinger, Ernst 51, 55, 206 Liutprand of Cremona 440 Kluge, N. K. 203 Liutprand, king 82, 169 Koloneia (Pontic) 546, 610, 635, 760 Logginos/Lagkinos 159 Komani-Kruja culture 509, 524, 631, 635, Logos Diegematikos 216 641 logothetes kommerkia 474, 670, 686, 695–701, 704–5, (and skeuophylax of Hagia Sophia) 371 708, 710, 713, 715–6, 722, 789 (of the dromos) 254, 399, 407, 613, 707–8 kommerkiarioi 474, 490, 499, 505, 513, (of the eidikon) 667 519–20, 584, 598, 602, 614, 669–705, (of the genikon) 72, 294, 379, 584–5, 588, 707, 709–10, 713, 715–16, 727–8, 735, 603, 611, 614, 667, 694–6, 712, 720 739 (of the stratiotikon) 271, 667 Kosmas and Damian, Miracles of 58 (ton agelon) 707 Kosmas of Maiuma,Life 383 Lombards 82, 87, 89, 169–70, 171, 173, 250–1, kouropalates 78, 156–7, 361, 591, 612, 740 257, 258, 406, 457, 516

Index 913

Lothar, emperor 410 Michael I, emperor 313, 355, 362, 367 Louis (the Pious), emperor 366, 369, 382, 391, as sygkellos 395, 401 428, 441, 445 Michael II, emperor 351, 369, 379, 380, 382, Loulon 408, 555, 759 385, 386–92, 407 Lycia 358 Michael III, emperor 306, 397, 404, 427, 448, Lykaonia 359, 550, 585 755 Michael, kouropalates 361 MaCoull, Leslie 113, 334 Michael of Amorion 357, 366, 385 Magdalino, Paul 162 Michael the Syrian, Chronicle 190, 585 magister militum 12, 671, 674, 677, 709–10, moechian controversy 291, 360, 363, 418 724, 727–9, 736–7 monastic opposition 29, 30, 194, 198, 217, magister officiorum 671, 674, 706 235, 240, 243, 268–9, 276, 277, 291, magistros/oi 158–9, 228, 287, 361, 448, 655 377, 396, 399, 650–64, 789, 791 Maguire, Henry 338, 343 Monomachos, Niketas 393 Makarios of Pelekete 302, 395, 401, 418, 424 monophysitism 20, 116, 373, 781 Malagina 255, 270, 289, 357, 552 Monotes,Theophanes (magistros) 158 Malamir, khan 407 monotheletism 19, 20, 22, 70, 72, 366, 368, Mamboury, Ernst 297 661 Mandylion of Edessa 35, 55 Mopsouestia 358 Mango, Cyril 298, 416, 427 Moschos, John Manuel, general 407, 408, 424, 446 Spiritual Meadow 15, 58, 200–1 Manuel, uncle of Theodora wife of Theophilos Moscow, GIM gr. 129 (Khludov Psalter) 208, 398 427 Maria, daughter of Theophilos 433 Mount Alsos 418 Maria of Alania 313 Mount Lissos Maria of Amnia 286, 290 monastery of the Apostles 426 Markellai, fortress 288, 289, 290 monastery of St Euphemia 426 Marseille 499, 516 Mount Olympos, monastery of St Zacharias Martel, Charles 169 425 Martin, Edward 49 Mount Sinai, monastery of St Catherine 36, Martin, pope 19, 22 219, 320, 412 Martina, wife of Herakleios 65 icons Martiniakos 424, 446 B5 (St Peter) 37, 57 Martiniani-Reber, Marielle 226, 341 B32 (Crucifixion) 323–25, 331 Maslama, general 74–5 B33 (Peter, Paul, Nicholas and John Mas‘udi 585 Chrysostom) 327, 331 Maurice, emperor 582 B34–5 (St John and unidentified woman) Maximos the Confessor 19, 22, 27, 65, 285, 328 368, 592 B36 (Crucifixion) 219 Mayragometsi, John 67 B37 (Chariton and Theodosios) 325, McCormick, Michael 1, 619 332 Medikion, monastery 298 B39 (Eirene) 329–31 Megas Agros, monastery 298, 300 B41 (Nativity) 331 Melissenos, Theodotos (patriarch) 372, 384, B47 (St Kosmas) 331–34 390 B48 (Virgin Hodegetria and child) 334 Melitene 358, 409, 410 B49 (St Merkourios slaying Julian the Mesembria 468 Apostate) 334–36 Messina 406 B50 (Crucifixion) 334 Metanoia, monastery 313, 426 Mousele (Musheg), Alexios 287, 288, 396, Methodios, patriarch 611 406, 407, 424, 433, 614, 633 Methodios, Life 378, 390, 397, 401, 404, 427, Mu’awiya 581 449, 450 Mu‘tasim, caliph 404, 408, 409 Michael, patrikios 313 Muthesius, Anna 226, 343

914 Index

mutilation 78, 160, 291, 292, 385, 395, 397, Onomagoulos, Basil 77 425, 427, 633, 659 Ooryphas 407 Myra 328, 521 Opsikion 72, 157, 159, 254, 271, 287, 294, 300, Hagios Nikolaos 215 387, 551, 588, 609, 632, 633, 635, 637, 691, 697, 731, 740, 742 Naples 406, 499, 515 Opusculum adversus iconoclastas 117 Narratio de synodis et haeresibus 118, 137 Oratio adversus Caballinum 117 Nasr 408, 409, 410 Oratio adversus iconoclastas 118 Neorion, church of the Theotokos of 424 Origen 41, 67 Nesbitt, John 150 orthodox, modern church 5, 20, 246 Nessana 322 Ostrogorsky 45, 47, 94, 734 Nestorianism 373, 781 Ot¨ uken,¨ Yıldız 419 New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Ousterhout, Robert 303 Fieschi-Morgan reliquary (staurotheke) Reliquary, Fieschi-Morgan 348 Paderborn 293 Nicaea 76, 144, 270, 539, 551, 561, 643 panegyris 521–2 Koimesis, church of the 145, 203, 296, 414 Panormos 393, 406 Nicholas, pope 273 Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai 144 Nicholas, St, Miracles of 507 Paris, Bibliotheque` Nationale Nicholas of Sabas, monastery 329 gr. 437 (Dionysios the Areopagite) 429 Nicholas of Stoudion (scribe) 428 Pseudo-Dionysios the Areopagite 42–3, Nika, riot 12 145, 428 Nikephoros I, emperor 39, 311, 355, 358, 361, gr. 510 (Gregory of Nazianzos) 229 367, 371, 375, 382, 506, 585, 637, 645, gr. 923 (Sacra Parallela) 328 659, 721, 750, 757 gr. 115 (ﬂorilegium)48 Nikephoros, general logothetes 294 Sacra Parallela 312 Nikephoros, patriarch 46, 47, 52, 80, 316, Paschal I, pope 384, 390, 391, 441, 443 350, 360, 361, 368, 369, 370, 372, 375, Paschal Chronicle 620 376, 379, 381, 390, 401, 424, 603, 659, Patras 358, 748 784 Patria 144, 311, 447 Antirrhetikos 46, 118, 383, 440, 645 Patrikes, patrikios 421 Brief History 80, 89, 118, 720, 744 Paul, chartoularios 77 Refutation 46, 390 Paul, exarch 82 Nikephoros, strategos 287, 633 Paul, patriarch 263, 267, 644 Nikephoros, son of Constantine V 288 Paul the Silentiary 415 Nikephoros of Medikion 298, 418, 611 Paul I, pope 171 Niketas, domestikos of the scholai 292 Paulicians 67, 364, 387, 610 Niketas of Medikion, Life 439 Peers, Glenn 776 Niketas, patriarch 656 Pelekete, monastery of St John the Divine 300, Niketas, patrikios 401, 425 395 Niketas, son of Artabasdos 159 Pentapolis 80 Nikomedeia 159, 521, 551 Pentapyrgion 440 Nisibis, cathedral 145 Persecution, iconophiles 5–6, 234, 237, 240, Nothelm 86 394, 395, 642, 650, 659 Nouthesia gerontos 46, 47, 142, 143 Peter, magistros 287 Peter of Atroa, Life 395, 401, 402, 425 Ognibene, Susanna 232 Petronas, brother of empress Theodora 398, Oikonomides,` Nicholas 150, 586 448, 613 Olbianos 387 Petronas, komes of the Opsikion army 271 Omurtag, khan 384, 387 Phantinos, St, Miracles of 515 On Imperial Administration (De Administrando Philaretos, St, Life 577, 646, 745, 766 Imperio) 506, 514, 765 Philippikos, emperor 20 On skirmishing 557 Philippikos, general 55

Index 915

Philippoupolis 290 Rhodes 358 Philostorgios 53 Ricci, Alessandra 421 Philotheos, Kletorologion 595, 668, 680, 713, Rodziewicz, Mieczylaw 776 759, 770 Romans, Chosen People 5, 13, 16, 29, 122, 778 Phoideratoi 410 Rome 82, 87 Phokas, emperor 12, 64, 575 Lateran Triclinium 304 Photios, patriarch 273, 336, 395, 427, 784 Palazzo Venezia, ivory casket 133, 306 Piacenza Pilgrim 35, 54, 56, 59, 322 Sanctuary of Hadrian and Antoninus Pious Piccirillo, Michele 230 539 pilgrim tokens 58 Sant’Eusebio 227 Pippin, king 169, 170, 417, 439 S Gregorio Nazianzano 227 Pisa 406 Sta Caecilia 337 Pitzigaudes, John 581 Sta Maria Antiqua plague 5, 161, 168, 180, 182, 460, 778 Chapel of Theodotos 218, 228, 315, 324, plate 443 chapel of the Theotokos 425 Sta Maria in Aquiro 146 church of the Forty Martyrs 425 Sta Maria in Sassia 146 Plato of Sakkoudion 278, 290, 291, 311, 314, St Peter’s, oratory of John VII 443 360, 602, 654, 655, 656, 657 Sta Prassede 443, 445 Pliska 304, 358, 443 Zeno Chapel 443 Politis, Linos 320 SS Marcellino e Pietro 146 Polichnion/Polychronia 298 SS Sergio e Bacco 146 Porecˇ 343 trade 499 Pouzane, fortress 160 Rotrud, daughter of Charlemagne 256, 266, Presian, khan 407 280, 286 Price, Richard 775 Ruggieri, Vincenzo 297, 302, 303, 316, 416, Princes’ Islands 313, 360, 418 417, 418 Prinkipo 294, 297 Rus 520 Prokopia, wife of Michael I 313 Prokopios 12, 13, 478, 536, 548, 557, 581, 706 Sabas of Stoudion 264, 278, 279, 654, 657, 662 proskynesis 48, 50, 59, 60, 95, 96, 99, 122, 136, sacrae largitiones 667–8, 695, 708 137, 139–40, 284, 369, 782 Sagalassos 462, 503, 539, 565 Prote 313, 357 saints, cult 32–8, 61, 62, 138, 192, 774 protonotarios/oi 626, 668, 672, 679–82, 705, Sakkoudion monastery 278, 290, 291, 298, 710–11, 713–16 314, 377, 790 protospatharios 144, 288, 593–4, 681, 696, 738, Samos 498, 515 742 Sansterre, Jean-Marie 35, 61 Prousa 395 Santullano (San Julian´ de los Prados) 304, 309 Psellos, Michael 706 Saqqara, monastery 323 Pseudo-Daniel, Exegesis of 31 Sarantapechys 255, 607, 612 Pseudo-Methodios, Apocalypse of 31, 778, 781 Sardinia 406, 731 Pseudo-Symeon, magistros 228, 398 Sardis 490, 541 Psicha, monastery of the Theotokos of 313 Sarkel, fortress 411, 514 Pulcheria, augusta 133, 347 Schick, Robert 114, 233 Purcell, Nicholas 1 scholai 270, 291–2, 361, 383, 610, 613–4, 629, Pylai 291 743 Pyrrhos 65 Scriptor incertus 129, 130, 310, 416 Semaluos, fortress 252, 555 Ravenna 82, 87, 169, 476, 490, 499, 633, 732 Sergios, patriarch 65, 70, 620 Reinink, Gerrit 779 Sergios, abbot of Pelekete 302 relics 15, 32–40, 56, 60, 138, 192, 774, 782 Sergios, strategos of Sicily 77, 633 Rhangabe, Michael 362, 612 Sergios, spatharios (father of patriarch Rhendakios, Sisinnios 73, 583 Photios) 395, 398

916 Index

Sevˇ cenko,ˇ Ihor 298, 416 Suleyman, caliph 74 Sevˇ cenko,ˇ Nancy Patterson 328 Swift, Emerson 435 Sicard, duke of Benevento 406 Symbola 314 Side 303, 420 Symeon of Mityline 426 Sige 297 Symeon Stylites the Elder 775 church of the Archangels 295, 297 Symeon, stylite of Lesbos 395, 424 silk 149, 165, 170, 225–6, 336–47, 355, 441–3, Symeon the Logothete 398 479–80, 600, 683–84, 693, 702, 715–17 Symeon the Younger 58 Simokattes, Theophylact 17, 55 synods Sinope 409, 514, 521, 547, 552 Constantinople (786) 272, 278, 383 Siphnos 302 Constantinople (815) 372–85, 388, 391 Sisinnios, curator of Tzurulon 416 Ephesos (449; ‘Robber’ synod) 121, 184 Sisinnios, patrikios (brother of patriarch Frankfurt (794) 282, 283, 286, 292, 307, Tarasios) 259, 292 391 Sisinnios, strategos 160 Gentilly (767) 172 Sision 71 Lateran (769) 84, 172 Skylitzes, John 208 Mantua (827) 391 Slavs 23, 71, 73, 163, 164, 165–6, 254, 286, Paris 391 290, 306, 358, 407, 456, 480, 516, 582, Rome (731) 84, 126 583, 631, 733, 748, 757 synone 491, 626, 686–7, 711–13 Smbat (Smbatios), son of Leo 431 Syracuse 406, 660 So¨g˘ut¨ adası 303, 420 Sokrates 620 Taktikon Uspenskij 615, 673, 676, 679, 712, Sophronios of Jerusalem 19, 778 713, 739, 744, 752, 757, 758, 760 Sosthenios, monastery of 397 Tarasios, patriarch 264, 267, 269, 270, 271, Soteriou, George and Maria 322 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 281, 284, Sozomen 620 285, 290, 291, 294, 311, 314, 367, 368, Sozopetra 389, 409 603, 644, 654, 657, 790, 791 Spatharakis 220, 224 Synodika 264, 267, 282 Speck, Paul 47, 49, 94, 208, 210, 772, 775 Tarasios, patrikios 95 spectabilis (peribleptos) 591–2, 673–4 Tarentum 389, 406 Staurakios, eunuch 287, 288, 292 Tarsus 358 Staurakios, son of Nikephoros 355, 359, 361 Terebinthos 425 Staurakios, logothetes tou dromou 254 Tertullian 40 Stefan of Surozh, Life 136 Tervel, khan 71, 77 Stein, Dieter 92, 94 Thaddaios of Stoudion 379, 381 Stenon, monastery of All Saints 314 Thasios 416 Stephen, abbot of Trigleia 300 Thebasa 255, 289 Stephen II, pope 169 Thekla, wife of Constantine VI 391, 407, 433 Life 190 Theodora, empress 398, 407, 418, 423, 433, Stephen III, pope 384 448, 517, 613 Stephen of Bostra, Against the Jews 59, 782 Life 578 Stephen of Sogdaia, Life 155 Theodora, mother of pope Paschal I 443 Stephen the Sabaite,Life 198, 245, 322 Theodore Lector 620 Stephen the Younger,Life 89, 136, 208, 217, Theodore of Myra 272 218, 236, 300, 400, 652 Theodore of Stoudion (formerly of St Denis, Paris 417 Sakkoudion) 47, 48, 52, 290, 291, 302, St Glyceria (Incirli adası) 418 311, 314, 315, 316, 360, 368, 371, 372, St Petersburg, GPB, gr.219 (Uspenskij Gospel) 376, 378, 379, 381, 384, 385, 386, 389, 428 396, 400, 401, 418, 424, 441, 576, 578, strateutes 750, 770 601, 602, 603, 649, 652, 655, 656, 658, stratiotikon 667–8 659, 661, 662, 745, 751, 758, 784, Suleyman, general 74 785–6, 795

Index 917

Theodore of Sykeon, Life 523 Thomas, patrikios 371 Theodoret of Kyrrhos 40, 54 Thomas the Slav 386, 387, 388, 391, 419, 555, Religious History 54, 775 574, 634, 794, 795 Theodosia, empress 371, 385, 441 Thomas of Klaudioupolis 48, 90, 98, 100, 102, Theodosios III, emperor 72, 73 123, 274, 786 Theodosios of Amorion 272 Thrakesion 159, 402, 550, 553, 609, 691, 697, Theodote, wife of Constantine VI 290, 313, 736 426, 658 Tiberios Constantine, emperor 12 Theodulf of Orleans´ 281, 304, 306, 341 Toto, duke 172 bible of 309 Tourkos, Bardanios 357, 386, 624, 634, 635, Germigny-des-Pres,´ chapel 304, 306 637 Theokiste 398 trakteutes 592, 593 Theoktistos, logothetˆes tou dromou 399, 407 Trebizond 514, 521, 552, 561 Theoktistos, magistros 361, 448, 655 Trier, cathedral treasury, ivory 133, 310, Theoktistos, monk 418 347–8 Theophanes the Confessor 39, 80, 153, 297, Trikonchos 422 298, 314, 586, 736 Trigleia, monastery 300 Chronographia (Chronography) 80, 89, Trilye, Fatih Camii 300, 420, 426 133, 367, 547, 581, 582, 632, 744, 746, Tur Abdin, church of St Symeon 145 752 Twelve Apostles, Gospel of 31 Life 514, 578 Tyana 71, 408, 553 Theophanes, Continuator of (Theophanes Tyre 337 Continuatus) 398, 421, 423, 427 Theophanios, monk 32 ‘Umar, caliph 75 Theophano, wife of Staurakios 359 Umm al-Rasas see Kastron Mefaa Theophilos, bishop 295 Underwood, Paul 206 Theophilos, emperor 302, 347, 351, 369, 382, Uspenskij Gospel see St Petersburg, GPB, 384, 392–404, 410, 413, 419, 422, 439, gr.219 447, 791 Theophilos, patriarch (formerly of Stoudion) Vatican City, Bibliotheca Apostolica 658 gr. 699 (Christian Topography) 229, Theophilos of Ephesos 393 308 Theophobos 409, 410 gr. 1291 (Ptolemy) 220, 224, 228, 323, Theophylact, bishop 316 420 Theophylact, son of Michael I 363 gr. 1666 (Gregory the Great) 317–19 Theophylact (formerly Telerig), patrikios Venice 410, 517 251 Versinikia 289, 364 Theophylact of Nikomedia, Life 210 Vigilantius of Calagarris 34 Theosteriktos of Medikion 439 Vigilius, pope 66 Theosteriktos of Pelekete 300 vigla 270, 287, 613–14, 637 Theotokos 32, 39, 98–101, 122, 156, 203, 208, Vinson, Martha 398 232, 238, 350, 445 Vitricius of Rouen 34 (church/chapel of) 145, 216, 230, 418, 425 Vize, Hagia Sophia church 414, 419, 426 (invocation to) 151, 203 (monastery of) 313, 424, 426 Ward-Perkins, Bryan 178, 305 Thera-Therasia 79, 121 Weigand, Theodor 297 Therapon,Miraclesof 19, 21 Weitzmann, Kurt 36, 322, 325, 331 Thessaloniki 513, 521, 536, 539, 558 Wickham, Chris 1 church of the Virgin 402 Willibald 151, 515 Hagia Sophia 145, 294, 310, 414, 415 Wortley, John 348 Hagios Demetrios 21, 36, 57, 69, 331, 412, Wright, David 224 419, 777 Rotunda 309 Xylinites, Niketas 77

918 Index

Yarmuk, battle 777 Zacos and Veglery Collection Yatros 425 594 Yazid II, caliph 114, 607 Zapetra 441 Zeno, emperor 12 Zachariah of Mitylene 35, 55 Zeugma 494, 499 Zacharias, pope 89, 92, 94, 168, 178, 228, 305, Zouloupas, Monastery of Niketas 317 425