CHAPTER-V

GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

5.1. Introduction: The present study is “An analytical study of relationship between professional fatigue and employee engagement in it sector with special reference to Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjewadi, ”. As such it requires a background that involves the profile of the and profile of the Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, In the this chapter the profile of Pune district is explained and in the next part it reveals the profile of Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park. The Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park is one of the largest Infotech Park in Pune district since many years. The Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park affects the socio-economic needs of the inhabitants of the district. The socio-economic and demographic features of the Pune district are briefly explained below.

5.2. Location: Pune district comes under the plain zone (transitional belt) and situated at an elevation of 55717 meter above the mean sea level. The district is located between 170 54‟ , 19024‟ N altitude, 73019, and 750 10‟ E longitude. The Sahyadri runs in the north south direction of the district over a distance of above 115 km . Pune district bordered by Ahmednagar district in the north, Solapur and Satara districts in the south, Ahmadnagar and Solapur districts of the east, Raigad and Thane district of the west. As a geographical structure Pune district, classify as under. 1. Western Ghats Zone 2. Hill Areas 3. Pathar of Eastern Zone Pune (District) is situated 560 metres (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan plateau, on the right bank of the . Pune city is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the center of power of the established by Maharaj. In the most recent census on 2011, the total population of the district was 9,426,959, making it the fourth most populous district in India (out of 640). Urban population comprises 58.08% of the total population. The current population of Pune urban agglomerate is over 5 million.

5.3. Area: Pune district occupies an area of about 15642 sq. km, which is 5per cent of the total area of Maharashtra state. Of which 15021 sq. km. comes under rural area and 621 sq. km comes under urban area. The district has 1844 villages, 1234 grampanchayats, 13 panchayat samitees, 11 councils, 2 Municipal corporations, 3 cantonment boards and 13 tahsils namely , Baramati, Bhor, Daund, Haveli, Indapur, Junnar, Khed, Maval, Mulshi, Purandar, Shirur and Velha. Among the 35 districts of the state Pune ranks 2nd in terms of area, 3rd in terms of populations and 4th in terms density.

5.4. Administration: The city of Pune is managed by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The Corporation consists of 149 directly elected councilors, who are led by the , a titular position mainly acting as an ambassador and representative of the city. Actual executive power is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service who is appointed by the Government of Maharashtra. The Pune Municipal Corporation was ranked 8thout of 21 Cities for best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.5 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. Pune Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (PMRDA) formed in 2015 is responsible for the integrated development of the metro region. Currently its jurisdiction extends over 3,500 km2(1,351 sq mi). Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active within the :

Pimpri- Municipal Corporation (PCMC), responsible for -Chinchwad and its surroundings

Khadki Cantonment Board (KCB), responsible for

Pune Cantonment Board (PCB), responsible for Pune Cantonment

Dehu Road Cantonment Board, responsible for the Road area

The is headed by the Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the Indian Police Service. The Pune Police report to the state ministry.

5.5. City Administrative Profile

City Administrative Profile The city is divided into 14 administrative wards which are further are clubbed into four zonesArea of Pune city Number of administrative wards Number of electoral wards 244 Sq.km 14 152 (revised in 2011)* Source: City Development Plan, PMC, 2006-12, * Pune Municipal Corporation. The city is divided into 14 administrative wards which are further are clubbed into four zones

Table-5.1

Pune City Administrative Profile

Area of Pune city 244 Sq.km Number of administrative wards 14 Number of electoral wards 152 (revised in 2011)* Source: City Development Plan, PMC, 2006-12, * Pune Municipal Corporation

5.6. Population: Table-5.2 Population details of Pune district Pune City Total Male Female City Population 3,124,458 1,603,675 1,520,783

Literates 2,496,324 1,317,345 1,178,979

Children (0-6) 337,062 176,624 160,438

Average Literacy (%) 89.56 % 92.31 % 86.67 %

Sexratio 948 Child Sexratio 908

Source: Pune Municipal Corporation

Table below shows the trends of population from 1901 onwards. It clarified that since independence population increased rapidly. During 1981-1991, population increased by 24.76 per cent while it increased by 56 per cent during 1991-2001. Table-5.3

Details of population of the Pune district Sr.No. Year Male Female Total

1 1901 553661 542197 1095858 (100)

2 1911 595481 581751 1177238 (107.4)

3 1921 564751 540263 1105014 (100.8)

4 1931 653480 622400 1275882(116.42)

5 1941 755979 716993 1472972 (134.41)

6 1951 1006201 944775 1950976(178.03)

7 1961 1268710 1198170 2466880(225.10)

8 1971 1643864 1534165 3178029(290.00)

9 1981 2150088 204382 4164470(380.09)

10 1991 2861460 2671072 5532532(504.85)

11 2001 3769128 3463427 7232555(660.00)

(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage change over base year) Source-Census of Pune District 2001

5.7. Language: The most common language of Pune, spoken by majority of the population, is Marathi. Infact, Marathi is the official language of state of Maharashtra. Apart from Marathi, Hindi is also one of the languages used commonly in Pune and is used widely throughout the city.

5.8. Religion: Hinduism is majority religion in Pune city with 79.43 % followers. Islam is second most popular religion in city of Pune with approximately 11.03 % following it. In Pune city, Christinity is followed by 2.17 %, Jainism by 2.45 %, Sikhism by 0.43 % and Buddhism by 0.43 %. Around 0.20 % stated 'Other Religion’; approximately 0.35 % stated 'No Particular Religion'.

Table-5.4 Religion details of Pune district Description Total Percentage

Hindu 2,481,627 79.43 %

Muslims 344,571 11.03 %

Buddhist 123,179 3.94 %

Jain 76,441 2.45 %

Christian 67,808 2.17 %

Sikh 13,558 0.43 %

Not Stated 10,906 0.35 %

Others 6,368 0.20 %

Source: Pune Municipal Corporation

5.9. Occupation: Although Maharashtra is a highly industrialized state of India, agriculture continues to be the main occupation of the state. Principal crops include rice, jowar, bajra, wheat, pulses, turmeric, onions, cotton, sugarcane and several oil seeds including groundnut, sunflower and soybean.

5.10. Education: Pune is also called "The Oxford of the east" as Pune attracts students from every nook and corner of the world. Foreign students find Pune very peaceful and safe compared to other educational cities of India. The weather of Pune is also very good for health. 5.11. Health: So far as health provision is concerned, the district is lagging behind and there is a wide gap to achieve the national health policy. It is pertinent to express that the health services in the interior areas that means in the hilly tracks and tribal belts is worsted. The higher infant mortality, child and maternal mortality, malnutrition, under nourishment, diarrhea disorders are the important health problems of the district. The diet is deficient and the people are vulnerable to save drinking water. The existing urban health infrastructure is given below

Table-5.5

Urban health infrastructure

Description of Facilities 2010-11

No. of Private Hospitals 531

Registered with PMC 531

Maternity Home 14

Urban Health Posts 26

Urban Family Welfare Centre 6

Dispensaries 44

Polyclinic 1 Mobile Dispensaries 2

General Hospital 1

Infectious Disease Hospital 1

Source: Health Dept, PMC

5.12. Climate and weather: At the Western Ghat and hill region is cool and eastern region having hot and dry climate. The maximum temperature of Pune district ranges between 34 and 410C during April-May, while the minimum temperature varies between 50C to 100C in the months of November to January The average annual rainfall at the district is 675 mm, most of which is received during South-West monsoon. However, medium rainfall zone at district having on average rainfall of 900 mm, eastern region have an average between 600 to 700 mm while western region have an average of 1171 mm. The regularity in occurrence in recent years has not experienced in the district.

5.13. Soil: Pune district possesses mainly three types of soils, viz. black-fertile, brown and mixed type. In western region soil, type has brown and low quality while eastern region having fertile and plain type. The richest alluvial soil track found in the Valley of Bheema River. The rivers Velu, Ghod are left side of Bheema and Indrayani, Bhama, Mula-Mutha etc. are at right side. Each tahsil of the district have minimum one river6 . Therefore, the agro-climatic condition of district is favourable.

5.14. Rain fall: The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of the 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year.

5.15. Tourist places: The city portrays the rich Maratha culture in its heritage; know more about it by visiting the forts, temples and caves here. The Jadhavgadh fort, the Fort and several others are highly enticing. The serenity at the Dagdusheth Halwai Temple, the temples at Junnar and the cave temples at Kamshet is spellbinding. Hikers and Adventure buffs should explore Rajmachi and Tapola. For those who are seeking thrill, the theme park- Adlabs Imagica is the right place to visit. Also, mesmerise yourself in the lush green vicinity of hill stations like Mahabaleshwar, Lavasa and Panchgani.

5.16. Fairs and festivals: As called the Cultural Capital of Maharashta, Pune has a proud calendar comprising of a number of festivals and cultural activities ranging from Classical Music to Rock Concerts. What Pune is most known for, is the Pune Festival, which is held during the Ganesha Mahotsav.

5.17. Map of India: India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage. As the 7th largest country in the world, India stands apart from the rest of Asia, marked off as it is by mountains and the sea, which give the country a distinct geographical entity. Bounded by the great Himalayas in the north, it stretches southwards and at the tropic of cancer, tapers off into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west. Figure-5.1 exhibits the sates and union territory of India. India has 28 states and 8 union territories including Delhi.

Fig- 5.1 Map of India (States and Union Territories)

Source: www.mapsofindia.com 5.18. Map of Maharashtra: Maharashtra is situated in the western part of India and. With an area of approximately 308,000 sq km (119,000 sq miles), it claims the distinction of being counted amongst the largest states of India. The state stands bounded by Chhattisgarh in the east, Madhya Pradesh in the north, Karnataka in the south, Goa in the southwest, Andhra Pradesh in the southeast and Gujarat in the northwest. Situated in between Maharashtra and Gujarat is the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Below is presented the map of Maharashtra. Fig-5.2 Map of Maharashtra (District)

Source: www.maps of india.com 5.19. Map of the Pune district: Pune is the eight largest metropolitan in India which is located in Maharashtra district. It is also the second largest district and was formerly known as, Poona or Punya nagari.. Pune district is located 560 m above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. It is very hilly and raised area with lots of hill stations for tourist attractions. This was once the center of Maratha Empire but, later it came under Maharashtra state. The founder of Maratha Empire, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was from Pune and this is the reason it has rich historical and cultural significance. Presently, Pune is the educational hub and center of industrial growth.

Below is presented the map of Maharashtra State

Fig- 5.3 Map of Pune district

Source: www.mapsofindia.com