Socio-Economic Study of Women Members of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad with Special Reference to Pune City
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF WOMEN MEMBERS OF SHRI MAHILA GRIHA UDYOG LIJJAT PAPAD WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PUNE CITY A thesis submitted to Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) In Economics Under the Faculty of Moral & Social Sciences Submitted by Dattatray Daulatrao Pathare Under the Guidance of Dr. S. K. Dhage March, 2015 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work incorporated in this thesis entitled Socio- Economic Study of Women Members of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad with Special Reference to Pune City has not been submitted in part or full by me for any degree or diploma of any other University or Institute. Place: Pune Date: 07/03/2015 Dattatray Daulatrao Pathare Research Student CERTIFICATE It is certified that the work incorporated in the thesis entitled Socio- Economic Study of Women Members of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad with Special Reference to Pune City submitted by Dattatray Daulatrao Pathare was carried out by the candidate under my guidance and supervision for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Material obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the thesis. Place: Pune Date: 07/03/2015 Dr. S. K. Dhage Research Guide Acknowledgement My sincere thanks to Dr. S. K. Dhage, Research Guide who has not only provided the guidance and encouragement to me but also put the painstaking efforts for monitoring the entire process of this research work. I am greatly indebted to him, as he proved himself to be a friend, philosopher and guide in the true sense of the terms. I sincerely thank to Dr. C. P. Hase, for her valuable support and encouragement to me for this research work. I also express my gratitude to Dr. Pravin Jadhav, Head, Department of Economics, Tilak Maharashtra University Pune for his valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement to me for the present research study. I also express my gratitude to Mr. Suresh Kote and all sister members of Pune Papad Branch of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad, for their support and encouragement to me for the present research work. I also thank to Management of Akhil Bhartiya Maratha Shikshan Parishad, Parvati Pune, for encouragement and allow to this work. I also express my gratitude to Dr. Mrs. S. B. Ingawale, Principal, Shri Shahu Mandir Mahavidyala, Parvati, Pune., has extended her all possible cooperation without which the present work would not have been completed on time. I have received liberal help from all teaching and non teaching staff of Shri Shahu Mandir Mahavidyala, Pune, for the present study. My friends Dr. Ashok Thorat, Principal, Institute of Advanced Studies in English, Pune, Dr. B. R. Adik, Dr. M. K. Sanap, Dr. K. G. Navale, Mr. Sudam Kamble, Dr. D. S. Borkar, Dr. G. K. Madhe, Prof. R. S. Desai, Prof. R. M. Kothari, Dr. K. P. Bairagi, Dr. S. R. Shelke, Dr. A. A. Deshmukh and Mr. S. V. Gaikwad. I have pleasure in acknowledging their valuable assistance. A word of appreciation is also due to my mother Abaibai, wife Nirmala, daughter Ketaki and son Ketan who helped in all respect and readily sacrificed my attention for the cause of present research work. I am very much thankful to all those who have directly or indirectly helped in completing the present study. Place: Pune Date: 07/03/2015. Dattatray DaulatraoPathare Research Student Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Status of Women in Indian Society 1.3. Women Empowerment 1.4. Women and Education 1.5. Role of Women in Economic Independence 1.6. Women Entrepreneurs and Economic Development 1.7. Women Empowerment and Five Year Plan 1.8. Present Status of Women in India 1.9. Sex wise Distribution of Workers as Per Census 2011 1.10. Highlights of Women’s Status in India Profile of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad 1.11. History Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad 1.12. Philosophy Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad 1.13. Three Golden Rules 1.14. Traditions and Culture of SMGULP 1.15. Features of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad 1.16. Organisation Structure and Management Setup 1.17. Distribution and Export System 1.18. Quality Consciousness 1.19. Year 1966 Milestone 1.20. Products and Divisions 1.21. Expansion and Diversification of Products of Lijjat Papad 1.22. Advertising Policy of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad- 1.23. Contribution in Social Services, Health Care and Education 1.24. Women Empowerment through SMGULP 1.25. Awards and Recognition 1.26. Pune Papad Branch of SMGULP References 1 Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Women represent almost half of the world’s population. Women status is lower than men almost in all nations of the world. India is a multifaceted society where certain broad circumstances in which Indian women live affect the way they participate in the economic activities. They are generally confined to home with restricted mobility. Throughout the history women have generally been restricted to the role of a house wives. In spite of major changes that have occurred in the status of women in India. In recent decades, rules that restrict women to the home are still powerful in India. Reform movements in the 19th and 20th centuries led by great social reformers provided boost to women’s legal status in India. There are distinct stages of rise and fall in the status of women in India. They are women in ancient period, Medieval Period, Mughal Empire, Under British Rule and Women in Independent India etc. In addition to this legal status of women in India, their empowerment, economic role and the role of women entrepreneurs in socio economic development of India are also focused in this chapter. In the second part, profile of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad (SMGULP) is discussed. SMGULP is playing an important role in the empowerment of its women members. These women are called as sister members at Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. SMGULP provides employment opportunities to the down trodden, illiterate, semi-illiterate and unskilled women who are ignored by the society. With the support of this organization, sister members are earning their own bread and butter respectfully and independently by rolling papad in their houses. SMGULP is a model attempt to make women self reliant. It provides an inspiration light to the lower class women in India irrespective of their cast, religion, education etc. This chapter deals with background, philosophy, culture, features and organisation and management of SMGULP. It also focuses on policies of the organisation related to quality consciousness of the product, contribution to the society etc. 1.2 Status of Women in Indian Society 1.2.1 Women in Ancient India During the Vedic period, women in India have equal position to men, the principle of "one to one relationship was in trend in the marital" and childless widows are allowed to remarry. There was a slowly decline in the status of women from this 2 period. The women had lost their freedom, even to choose their husbands1. Arthasasthra had assigned only biological role for women in the society that "Women are born for the sake of sons". Finally, the economic and social status of suns began to rise and the position of women began to decline sharply during this period. 1.2.3 Women in Medieval Period During the medieval period women had worst status, The Mughal Empire and later Christianity curtailing women’s liberty and rights. In this period, practices such as polygamy, sati, child marriage, ill treatment to widows already prevalent during the Dharmashastra age gained further momentum. The priestly class misinterpreted that all these evil practices had religious approval. In the beginning, the real determination in their status with the invasion of Mughals Altekar (1973) finds 500A.D. to 1800A.D. as the most horrible period for women. The society was characterized by privacy of women; through lower caste women did enjoy a certain measure of liberty. Among the upper caste women "Sati" becomes a mark of status"2. Hindu society becomes more ridges. Women were forced to convert their religion in Islam and get married. The situation of widows was miserable. Widows were looked down upon and remarriage was not allowed. They were forced to commit Sati. She was disfigured, kept isolated unattractive. She was prevented from participating in social and spiritual matters"3. The system of "Purdah" of women was widespread among the royal families, nobles and Trade Master Classes in India to other classes of society to spread with the advent of the Muslims, 'Jauhar' was prevalent among the Rajputs of Rajasthan. In some parts of India, the "devadasi' or the temple women were sexually exploited and polygamy was practiced widely rulers, especially in the Hindu Kshatriya. In many Muslim families, women were restricted to "zenana ' areas, i.e. women’s zone. 1.2.4 British Rule and British Influence on Status of Women At the time of British rule in India, the status and position of Indian women was very miserable. Customs such as polygamy, the Purdah, the denial of a woman's right to property, child marriages and customs such as sati and Devdasi, prevalent during this period which caused to decline once upon glorious personality of the Indian woman. The influence of British rule had a very deep impact on in the minds of some Indian leaders and social reformers. Social reformers Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma 3 Phule and his wife Smt. Savitribai Phule, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and many others who were in the forefront of the struggle for the empowerment of women, led Gandhi's efforts, the position of women, to increase participation in the struggle for social development and political independence.