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Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation

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Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Herr Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Ing. Christian BUTZKE Department of Food Science Germany History Geography Statistics Growing areas and classifications Grape varieties Wine styles 2 Germany = ½ Sauerkraut x Sausage Germany https://youtu.be/fFrcl6VGrDQ Martin Niemöller 1892-1984 First they came for the Socialists, but I did not speak out, because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, but I did not speak out, because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the Jews, but I did not speak out, because I was not a Jew. And when they came for me, there was no one left to speak out for me … Dr. Angela Merkel German Chancellor 2005+ Dr. Angela Merkel German Chancellor 2005-2021 German Language https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo0Hsx-yHiI German History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuClZjOdT30 FS 470 11/26/18 The Romans – again! Neumagener Wine Ship www.gnu.org Topography of Germany German Viticulture 2000 vs 2040 Wine Regions of Germany Der Brockhaus: Wine www.brockhaus.de Tonight’s Wines Mosel Rheinhessen 100 miles Alsace Alsace Germany Cool-climate Winegrowing Principles Southwest corner of country => warmest climate Along major rivers => moderated temperatures Steep hillside slopes => maximum sun exposure Slate covered vineyards => night-time heat Climate Change 1ºC = 1.8ºF Germany Statistics 13 major growing areas 255,000 acres of vineyards 100,000 grape growers 25,000 wine producers 217 million gallons of wine (2003) 5.3 gal/capita wine consumption (2004) Price Points Wine Advent Calendar Grape Acreage Thousands of Acres REGION 2004/2000* REGION 2004/2000* 1. Spain 2,995 11. Chile 468 2. France 2,210 12. Australia 410 3. Italy 2,140 13. Greece* 323 4. Turkey 1,475 14. Ukraine* 313 5. China 1,125 15. South 293 Africa* 6. USA 976 16. Bulgaria* 278 7. Iran 713 17. Germany* 263 8. Portugal 610 18. Hungary* 228 9. Romania 575 19. Yugoslawia* 205 10. Argentina 525 20. Croatia* 148 EUROPE 11,978 Includes table grapes and raisins! WORLD 19,763 Wine Production Millions of Gallons REGION 2004 2000 1990 1. France 1,210 1,519 1,733 2. Italy 1,136 1,363 1,448 3. Spain 1,067 1,102 1,020 4. USA 539 616 417 5. Argentina 349 330 370 6. China 296 N/A N/A 7. Australia 285 214 116 8. South Africa 235 182 238 9. Germany 217 259 225 10. Portugal 188 177 299 11. Chile N/A 169 106 EUROPE 4,861 5,310 5,918 WORLD 6,869 7,292 7,477 Wine Production )!!! (!!! '!!! &!!! +,-./ 01-,23 %!!! Gallons x 1000 45 $!!! 63-789: #!!! "!!! ! "**! #!!! #!!& World’s Wine Importers Million gallons 1. Germany 2004 359 2. United Kingdom 2001 264 3. United States 2001 141 www.calwinexport.com Germany 13 Regions (Anbau-Gebiete) 1. Ahr 8. Rheingau 3% 2. Baden 15% 9. Rheinhessen 26% 3. Franken 10. Pfalz 23% 4. Hessische Bergstrasse 11. Saale-Unstrut 5. Mittelrhein 12. Sachsen 6. Mosel-Saar-Ruwer 10% 13. Württemberg 11% 7. Nahe Appellation Control France AOC Appellation d‘Origine Contrôlée Germany QbA Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete Italy DOC Denominazione di Origine Controllata Portugal DOC Denomiacao de Origem Controlada Spain DO Denominacion de Origen USA AVA American Viticultural Area Germany Anbaugebiete Bereiche Großlagen Einzellagen Ahr 1 1 43 Baden 9 15 315 Franken 3 22 211 Hessische Bergstraße 2 3 24 Mittelrhein 2 11 111 Mosel-Saar-Ruwer 6 20 507 Q.b.A. Nahe 1 7 312 Pfalz 2 25 330 Rheingau 1 11 120 Rheinhessen 3 24 442 Saale-Unstrut 2 4 20 Sachsen 2 4 16 Württemberg 6 20 207 13 39 167 2,658 Germany Major Grape Varieties White (64%) Red (36%) Riesling (20%) Spätburgunder (11%) Müller-Thurgau (15%) Dornfelder (8%) (Riesling x Madeleine Royale) Silvaner (5%) Portugieser (5%) Kerner (5%) Trollinger (3%) Grauburgunder (4%) Schwarzriesling (2%) Weissburgunder (3%) Lemberger (2%) Riesling Germany’s most famous grape variety Riesling Aroma Lime Lemon Melon Peach Green Apple Orange Passionfruit Honey Pineapple Apricot Grapefruit Mineral Kerosene Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) Germany’s most popular red variety Germany Ripeness categories QmP (Qualitätswein mit Prädikat) 26% Trockenbeeren-Auslese Beeren-Auslese Auslese Spätlese Kabinett QbA (Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete) 68% Tafelwein 6% Germany Levels of Sweetness (in bottle) Residual Sugar Trocken Dry < 9 g/L also: "Classic" and "Selection" Halbtrocken Semi-dry < 18 g/L Not mentioned Off-dry = sweet “süß, lieblich” Ripeness Sugar => Alcohol + Residual Sugar ALC. 8.5% BY VOL. Germany Ripeness Categories www.germanwineusa.com Label (Etikett) 1 Appellation (13) 2 Vintage 3 Village and vineyard 4 Grape variety 5 Level of sweetness 6 Ripeness category 7 Official ID number 8 Producer or Bottler www.germanwineusa.com German Wine Labels Traditional Contemporary Germany’s Dessert Wines Concentration Principles Beeren-Auslese (“Berries’ Selection”) 110 - 128 Oechsle (26 – 30 Brix) Trocken-Beeren-Auslese (“Dry Berries’ Selection”) 150 - 154 Oechsle (34 - 35 Brix) Eiswein (“Icewine”) 110 - 128 Oechsle (26 – 30 Brix) Sugar (Density) Scale (in Germany, Austria, Switzerland) Oechsle 261,300 Brix = 261.3 - (Oechsle + 1,000) 261,300 Oechsle = - 1,000 261.3 - Brix Ice Wine vs. Late Harvest Concentration of sugars, acids and aromas IW: Partial freezing of the berry’s water and pressing of frozen berries LH: Dehydration of berries via perforation of cell walls by Botrytis fungus Beerenauslese and Trockenbeerenauslese BA, TBA: Dehydration of berries via perforation of cell walls by Botrytis cinerea fungus Late Harvest (Botrytised) Wines Examples TrockenBeerenAuslese Sauterne Tokaji Germany & Austria France Hungary Botrytis cinerea “Noble Rot” Late-season infections: • Relative humidity 92+% • Free moisture on berry surface • Temperatures up to 82°F Late Harvest Wine Legal definition: ATF Rule, 78-4, 1978 ATF C.B. 61, allows the use of "Late Harvest", provided the amount of sugar contained in the grapes at the time of harvest and the amount of residual sugar in the finished wine are accurately stated on the …label. harvest dates may NOT be stated on labels since such dates would have little meaning due to variations of growing locations, grape varieties, and climatic conditions … Ice Wine Ice Wine Harvest time Ice Wine After the first night frost Ice Wine Icewinemaker Ice Wine Frozen cluster BEFORE pressing Ice Wine Legal definition: ATF Ruling 78-4, 1978 C.B. 61, allows use of the term "ice wine" for wine made from grapes that were “partially frozen on the vine”. Ice Wine What’s “frozen”? Ice Wine What’s “frozen”? Grapes starting to freeze: <32°F Grapes frozen solid: <12°F Optimum ice wine pressing: 16-20°F Canadian definition: 18°F (-8°C) Ice Wine Politics vs. wine quality: • Ice Wine is Canada’s biggest export wine • Canada is US’ biggest export market Ice Wine Frozen cluster AFTER pressing Ice Wine After pressing: sugar-less “snow” remaining Ice Wine Whole Cluster Pressing of frozen grapes Ice Wine Condensation on wine press Ice Wine ca. 35-40 Brix Pressed ice wine juice Carl Zuckmayer 1896-1977 A Rivercruise www.rivercruises.com Ruine Ehrenfels, Rheingau Rheingau Germany’s most prestigious wine region 50 miles 120 vineyards 8,000 acres 6.6 million gal 80% Riesling Rheingau Germany’s most prestigious wine region “Erstes Gewächs” The German “Premier Cru” Rheingau: • 2,797(35%) of 7,974 acres approved for classification Specifications: • Varieties: Riesling or Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) • Vineyard-designated • Yield limited to 528 gal/acre • Hand-harvest only • Wines must pass official sensory evaluation www.germanwineusa.org “Charta Riesling” • 100% Rheingau QbA Specifications: • Variety: 100% Riesling • Does NOT mention vineyard site • Hand-harvest only • Residual Sugar: 9 to 18 g/L • Titratable Acidity: at least 7.5 g/L • Wines must pass official sensory evaluation Rüdesheim am Rhein, Rheingau Rüdesheim am Rhein, Rheingau Mittelrhein Kaub am Rhein “Deutsches Eck” at Koblenz Rivers Rhein and Mosel “Deutsches Eck” at Koblenz Rhein Mosel Mosel, Vines & Autobahn A61 Bereich “Terrassenmosel” Bernkastel-Kues, Mosel Bernkastel-Kues, Mosel Mosel Loops Mosel Loop at Trittenheim Mosel Loop at Trittenheim www.germanwineusa.org Porta Nigra (Black Gate) at Trier Germany Summary Coolest major winegrowing climate in Europe Along major rivers and steep hillside slopes Finest white variety: Riesling World’s largest wine buyer; 9th largest producer Wine characteristics: Quality classification based on ripeness Crisp (high acidity), fruity, floral Usually low in alcohol (around 10%) Oak aging uncommon Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Christian BUTZKE Professeur d’Œnologie Department of Food Science La France L’Alsace Vineyards Rain Shadow of the Vosges winesofalsace.com Vineyards 60 miles The Villages - Riquewihr Architecture - Strasbourg Architecture - Riquewihr L’Alsace Statistics Northernmost wine region of France 40,000 acres of vineyards 5,000 winegrowers 30 million gallons of wine 90% White; 21% Sparkling 25% exported (2% to US) Alsace Major Grape Varieties White (90%) Red (10%) Riesling (22%) Pinot Noir (10%) Pinot Blanc (21%) Gewurztraminer (19%) Pinot Gris (15%) Sylvaner (9%) Muscat (2%) Grapes Restaurants Food Desserts European Parliament Wine Societies Wine Societies Confrérie des Compagnons Goustevin de Normandie.
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