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Home , Chapelle Rouge, Great Royal Wife, Ineni, Ineni (queen), Medinet Habu (location), Mentuhotep (queen)

Macquarie Ancient History Teachers Conference 2019 Using Sources Old and New

Hatshepsut in 2019: May 6, 2019 Art Gallery of New South Wales New sources Dr Susanne Binder and interpretations Department of Ancient History [email protected] MMA 23-3-1 Museum JE 5625A-56262 Bahari III in the statue room of the main Sankiewicz : : and sanctuary of (2015), (2015), “At Tuthmosis ” - Deir fig. 1 el Dimitri Dimitri Laboury – MMA 29 MMA in in Creativity and Innovation MMA 30 MMA - 3 - - 3 2, MMA 2, 27 MMA - 3, 29 MMA - 3 - - 3 164 - 3, Tuthmosis III Funerary Temple Project (Spanish-Egyptian mission) May 2018

https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/05/king-tut-tutankhamun-tomb-radar-results-science/ Berlin

Sphinx of Hatshepsut

Kulturkaufhaus Dussmann Thutmosis I

Thutmosis II

Thutmosis III son of Thutmosis II by another wife Hatshepsut wife/widow of Thutmosis II Rules of succession title: ” (= chief wife of the king) Business of governing the land Accession to the throne Form / formality: Function of kingship: regency the king on the throne a queen governing = queen regent nominal kingship kingship in practice / “care for the land” 5 phases in the life of Hatshepsut – reflected in her titles

King’s daughter (1) Daughter of Thutmosis I sA.t nsw

(2) At death of her grandmother God’s Wife of Amun Ahmes- Hm.t-nTr n(.t) Imn.w

(3) At death of Thutmosis I (father) Great royal wife / king’s sister = accession of Thutmosis II Hm.t nsw wr.t / sn.t nsw

(4) At death of Thutmosis II (husband) “… who cared for the land” = accession of Thutmosis III Biography of TT 81

(5) In Year 2 or Year 7 of Thutmosis III King of Upper and Lower = Hatshepsut’s coronation nsw bi.ty (towards the end of Year 7: Gabolde, Tefnin, Dorman, Laboury) Hatshepsut Thutmosis III regency Year 7 co-rule

Year 22

Year 42

Year 53

data

data data Luc Gabolde Monuments décorés en bas aux noms de Thutmosis II et Hatchepsout à MIFAO 123, Cairo 2005, 2 vols

Jadwiga Iwaszczuk Sacred Landscape of Thebes during the Reign of Hatshepsut, Royal Construction Projects, Volume 1, Topography of the West Bank, Travaux de l`Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l`Académie Polonaise des Sciences 2, Varsovie 2016.

Kara Cooney The Woman who would be King, New York, 2014. Maps, plan of Deir el Bahari Chronology (based on Handbook of Oriental Studies) Endnotes Further reading (long list of scholarly work) Index of names and terms

Author’s Note

“Certainty plays little role in the history of Hatshepsut. The nature of the information passed down to us is uneven, and because so many of her monuments were destroyed, the jumble of perceptions we are left with are from other people, many of whom lived millennia after her death. … Maps Chronology (based on Handbook of Oriental Studies) Endnotes “Further reading” Index of names and terms

Author’s Note “… I have had to break many rules of my Egyptological training in order to resurrect and reanimnate Hatshepsut’s intentions, ambitions, and disappointments by engaging in conjecture and speculations, and creating untestable hypotheses as I attempt to fill out her character and decision-making processes (even though I document my sources and accentuate my uncertainties) … track … follow the clues … fill out the circumstances … as I go.

… I have used all my skills as a researcher, but I have also allowed myself to think out aloud, to infer and imagine, in a way I would not do in my other work. “ 1991

Problems in Historical Methodology

Peter F. Dorman

2005 1988 Luc Gabolde Blocks from 4 monuments – re-constructions

(1) “Netjery-menu” Thutmosis II posthumous “Divine of monuments” Hatshepsut – regent “sister of the king” Thutmosis III

(2) Barque chapel Thutmosis II and Hatshepsut only Modification after accession H >> king

(3) Small niches from Thutmosis II posthumous representation a structure Hatshepsut before time as king, never up-dated Neferure

(4) Chapel of Amun Hatshepsut in area of modified to thronename --Re “-Djeseret”

Suggested chronology (Gabolde): 2 (T. II king) - 1 (name T. II original) - 3 (T. II posthumous) - 4 Le monument à niches Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, pl. XLI. Netjery-Menu Netery-menou

Thutmosis II Neferure Hatshepsut King’s daughter [Hm.t nsw] wr.t Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, pl. III. sA.t nsw Hnw.t tA.wy Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, pl. III. Thutmosis II Neferure II Thutmosis Hatshepsut King’s daughter sA.t nsw Hnw.t tA.wy [Hm.t nsw] nsw] [Hm.twr.t Netjery-Menu , wall 5 verso

Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, pl. XI. Neferure Hatshepsut /// n(.y) Imn.w Hm.t nsw wr.t [God’s wife] of Amun Great Wife of the King

Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, pl. XI. Le monument à niches Posthumous coronation of Thutmosis II – (right) Isis (left) Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, cover photo; pl. XLI. Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, 200 (Photo 17). Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, 200 (Photo 17). Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, pl. XXXIV

Netjery-Menu

Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, 199 (Photo 8).

Maatkare Hatshepsut throne name of Hatshepsut Hatshepsut Maat-ka-Re over over Men-kheper-Re Hatshepsut throne name of Thutmosis III

Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, 19 (Fig. 4). Who Who Who Original commissioned commissioned Name commissioned name original erasure recut as re-cutting MONUMENT

changes after Year 7

Gabolde (2005), Monuments décorés, 182. http://www.iksiopan.pl/images/serie_wydawnicze/Travaux_ de_lInstitut/Iwaszczuk_SACRED_LANDSCAPE_OF_THEBES_vo l._1.pdf http://www.iksiopan.pl/images/serie_wydawnicze/Travaux_ de_lInstitut/Iwaszczuk_SACRED_LANDSCAPE_OF_THEBES_vo l._1.pdf Porter & Moss, Theban Temples, II, pl. XXXIII. http://topbib.griffith.ox.ac.uk//pdf.html Jadwiga Iwaszczuk, Sacred Landscape, 212. ”

Thutmosis III Hatshepsut restituée

Mentuhotep II

Égypte

“

Golvin Claude Claude

- Thutmosis I &

Jean Ahmes-Nefertari

Left: Temple II Middle: Thutmosis III Thutmosis III Rigth: Hatshepsut

Thutmosis II

Small temple of Hatshepsut in

Jadwiga Iwaszczuk, Sacred Landscape, 212. Medinet Habu today

“Small temple” of Hatshepsut currently a project of the in Medinet Habu Chicago Oriental Institute future royal Valley of necropolis the Kings 17th Dyn. Dra Abu el Naga

royal necropolis 12th Dyn. El Tariq

Construction of the royal tombs in the valley KARNAK to the west

Jadwiga Iwaszczuk, Sacred Landscape, 212 Additions: Susanne Binder. Catharine Roehrig Models of Authority Renée Dreyfus Art in Transition Cathleen Keller Ann Macy Roth Egypt and its Neighbours Edna Russmann Aegean – W. Vivian Davies Christine Lilyquist Role of Amun Manfred Bietak James P. Allen The joint reign Peter F. Dorman queen – regent – co-ruler Dieter Arnold Diana Craig Patch High officials Susan Allen , , Hatnefer Betsy Bryan Dorothea Arnold Buildign projects Jadwiga Lipińska Exhibition Metropolitan Museum of Art Decorative arts 2005 Comprehensive https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublicatio entry point Thutmosis III – sole rule ns/Hatshepsut_From_Queen_to_Pharaoh Sound research Proscription Factual information Lavish illustrations The aftermath Occasional Proceedings of the Theban Workshop 2010 Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization SAOC 69 The Oriental Institute of the

Peter Dorman Select themes Eberhard Dziobek Innovation Zbigniew Szafranski Worldview and royal discourse Susanne Bickel Hatshepsut at Karnak Betsy Bryan Cultic Revelries Luc Gabolde Foundation Deposits Dimitri Laboury Speos Artemidos Catharine Roehrig Power of the Elite JJ Shirley – the imperial regime Jean-Luc Chappaz Architecture in Nubia José Galán José Serrano Aspects of tombs of the officials: TT 11, TT 67, TT 39, Elkab Andrés Espinel https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu Barbara Engelmann /files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc69.pdf Ellen Morris work in the field W. Vivian Davies Tamás Bács well-documented Charles Bonnet and illustrated Dominique Valbelle Diachronic approach : analysing the iconography of Hatshepsut

Dimitri Laboury in: Creativity and Innovation , 49-91 Joyce Tyldesley, Hatchepsut the female Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996 Joyce Tyldesley, Hatchepsut the female pharaoh Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996

Winifred Brunton (1880-1959) >> Griffith Institute Oxford https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b- d&q=Griffith+Institute+Oxford Kings and Queens of (1926) Great Ones of Ancient Egypt (1929)

Joyce Tyldesley Hatchepsut the female pharaoh Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996 Dimitri Laboury University of Liège 2 2 ip.n(=i) D.t m nsw mnx iTi.n(=i) rDi.tn=f m Hr=i tA.w nb.w arf.w m xfa=i psD.t pD.t nn nhw ir.y “… I have become aware of myself as effective king, I having seized what he [Amun] placed before me: All lands are together in my grasp, the Nine Bows,

without any missing. P. Lacau / H. Chevrier, Une chapelle d’Hatshepsout à Karnak, I (Cairo, 1977) 143-144 (Section XI. Bloc 194: Discours de la reine: les bienfaits de son règne) Section XI. Bloc 194: Discours de la reine: les bienfaits de son règne

Pierre Lacau / Henri Chevrier, Une chapelle d’Hatshepsout à Karnak (Cairo, 1977) I, 143-144. (Section XI. Bloc 194: Discours de la reine: les bienfaits de son règne)

Wolfgang Helck, Historisch-biographicsche Text der 2. Zwischenzeit und neue Text der 18. Dynastie, Kleine ägyptische Text 6,2 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1995) 31.

Frank Burgos, François Larché, La . Le sanctuaire de barque d’Hatshepsout (, 2006) vol. I: Fac-similés et photographies des scènes, 39 (north side, register 2).

Quoted by D. Laboury, “The image of Hatshepsut’s royal power” in: Galan, Bryan, Dorman (eds.) Creativity and Innovation in the reign of Hatshepsut, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization (SAOC) 69 (Chicago, 2010) 191.

Sankiewicz (2015), “At Deir el Bahari: Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III in the statue room of the main sanctuary of Amun” - fig. 1 A few more links – al the large projects in and around all have very good websites:

Polish-Egyptian Archaeological and Conservation Mission – Deir el Bahari (funerary temple of Hatshepsut) http://www.templeofhatshepsut.uw.edu.pl/en/temple_of_hatshepsut.html

CFEETK – Centre-Franco Égyptien … Karnak http://www.cfeetk.cnrs.fr/

Chicago Oriental Institute Epigraphic Survey (small temple of Hatshepsut in Medinet Habu / West Bank) https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/projects/epigraphic-survey https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/projects/epigraphic-survey-publications

Theban Mapping Project – currently being updated and moved http://archive.secondstory.com/project/theban-mapping-project https://vimeo.com/32299728

Thutmosis III Funerary Temple Project (West Bank, Luxor) https://thutmosisiiitempleproject.org/index.php/es/

And the “classics” The Egyptologist’s Electronic Forum http://www.egyptologyforum.org/ Resources https://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/er/index.html http://www.templeofhatshepsut.uw.edu.pl/en/temple_of_ hatshepsut.html

Polish-Egyptian Mission Since 1961 - begun by Professor Kazimierz Michalowski What follows: Translations of relevant passages from the biographies of some of the high officials in the time of Hatsehpsut. The texts are found in the anthology of hieroglyphic inscriptions Urkunden des Neuen Reiches IV http://etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15133.pdf

Ineni – from his biography in his tomb TT 81 (Luxor)

Ahmes-Pennekhbet – from his biography in his tomb in Elkab (south of Thebes) The autobiography of Ineni The accession of Thutmosis III (Urk IV 59.16 - 60.4) “His (Thutmosis II's) son (Thutmosis III) took his place as king of the Two Lands. He ruled on the throne of him who had begotten him. His (Thutmosis II's) sister, the God's Wife Hatshepsut cared for the land (Hr iri.t m-Xr tA), the Two Lands lived according to her plans, one served her, Egypt being submissive. The excellent seed of the god that issued forth from him, was she, the bow warp of Egypt, the mooring post of the southerners, the excellent stern warp was she, a mistress of commands, whose plans were excellent; the Two Lands were calmed when she spoke.”

Translated from the anthology of hieroglyphic inscriptions Urkunden des Neuen Reiches IV by Susanne Binder Autobiographical inscription of Pennekhbet List of the rulers under whom he served: Urk IV 34.16-17

“I accompanied the Kings of Upper and , the gods under whom I lived, on their journeys to the southern and northern foreign lands, and to every (other) place to which they (went); namely the King of Neb-pehty-Re (), the justified, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Djeser-ka-Re (Amenhotep I), the justified, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Aa-kheper-ka-Re (Thutmosis I), the justified, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Aa-kheper-n.y-Re (Thutmosis II), the justified, up to this good god, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Men-kheper-Re (Thutmosis III), may he be given life for ever. … …The God's Wife, the Great Royal Wife Maat-ka-Re (Hatshepsut), justified, also showed me favour. I raised her daughter, the daughter of the king, Neferure, justified, when she was a child at the breast.”

…written in the time of Thutmosis III (sole rule)

Translated from the anthology of hieroglyphic inscriptions Urkunden des Neuen Reiches IV by Susanne Binder