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KOMISIJA EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI Bruselj, 10.11.2006 KOM(2006 KOMISIJA EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI Bruselj, 10.11.2006 KOM(2006) 671 konč. SPOROČILO KOMISIJE SVETU, EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU, ODBORU REGIJ IN EVROPSKI CENTRALNI BANKI Četrto poročilo o praktičnih pripravah za prihodnjo širitev euroobmočja SL SL 1. UVOD Slovenija bo euro To poročilo je četrto v vrsti poročil, ki obravnavajo stanje uvedla 1. januarja praktičnih priprav na nacionalni ravni in na ravni Skupnosti za 2007; Ciper in Malta prihodnjo širitev euroobmočja. Predhodna poročila so bila sta pred kratkim sprejeta novembra 2004, novembra 2005 in junija 20061. sprejela svoja nacionalna načrta za Četrto poročilo je osredotočeno na zadnje dogajanje v zvezi s prehod. praktičnimi pripravami v Sloveniji, ker bo ta država na podlagi odločitve Sveta, da izpolnjuje potrebne pogoje za uvedbo eura, 1. januarja 2007 vstopila v euroobmočje. Posebna pozornost je posvečena tudi pripravam na Cipru in Malti, ki nameravata sprejeti euro 1. januarja 2008. Obe državi sta pred kratkim sprejeli svoja nacionalna načrta za prehod. Poleg tega poročilo obravnava še stanje priprav v ostalih državah članicah in na ravni Skupnosti2. To poročilo in prejšnja poročila o praktičnih pripravah ne posegajo v konvergenčna poročila Komisije, ki jih določa Pogodba, o tem, ali države članice z odstopanjem izpolnjujejo „maastrichtska“ konvergenčna merila3. 2. STANJE PRIPRAV NA NACIONALNI RAVNI 2.1. Nacionalni ciljni datumi za prevzem eura Pred kratkim je nekaj Nekaj držav je spremenilo ciljne datume za sprejem eura ali je držav prestavilo ciljni v postopku njihove preučitve zaradi težav pri izpolnjevanju datum za sprejem konvergenčnih meril v skladu s prvotnimi načrti. Estonija je eura prvotno načrtovala uvedbo eura 1. januarja 2007. V aprilu 2006 je vlada ciljni datum prestavila na 1. januar 2008. Estonska vlada bo jeseni 2006 ocenila ustreznost tega ciljnega datuma. Tudi Litva je prvotno načrtovala prevzem eura za 1. januar 2007. Vendar je Komisija v konvergenčnem poročilu, ki ga je sprejela 16. maja 2006, ugotovila, da država ne izpolnjuje potrebnih pogojev za prevzem eura. Oktobra 2006 je litovska vlada sklenila, da „si bo Litva prizadevala čim prej pridružiti euroobmočju. Ugodnejše obdobje za pridružitev Litve euroobmočju se bo začelo leta 2010.“ Latvijske oblasti so 1 COM(2004) 748 z dne 10. novembra 2004; COM(2005) 545 z dne 4. novembra 2005; COM(2006) 322 z dne 22. junija 2006. 2 Od leta 2007 bo euroobmočje tvorilo 13 držav članic EU, medtem ko se bo po pristopu Bolgarije in Romunije skupno število držav članic EU povečalo na 27. Z izjemo Danske in Združenega kraljestva, ki imata možnost „nesodelovanja“, ima preostalih 12 držav status „države članice z odstopanjem“, od njih pa se pričakuje, da bodo sprejele euro, ko izpolnijo potrebne pogoje. 3 Zadnji konvergenčni poročili Komisije sta bili sprejeti 16. maja 2006 na zahtevo Litve (COM(2006) 223) in Slovenije (COM(2006) 224). Naslednje redno konvergenčno poročilo bo Komisija izdala do konca leta 2006. SL 2 SL spomladi 2006 naznanile, da bodo preložile prvotni ciljni datum (1. januar 2008). O novem ciljnem datumu se še niso odločile. Češka vlada je oktobra 2006 sklenila preklicati prvotni ciljni datum za to državo (1. januar 2010), ne da bi določila novega. Tudi Madžarska je kot ciljni datum za sprejem eura prvotno določila 1. januar 2010, a ga je v letu 2006 preklicala. Slovaška je ohranila svoj prvotni ciljni datum in namerava uvesti euro 1. januarja 2009. Poljska in Švedska še nista predložili ciljnega datuma. Na Švedskem so priprave zastale zaradi negativnega izida referenduma 14. septembra 2003. Tabela prikazuje trenutno situacijo. Datum uvedbe eura Država članica 1. januar 2007 Slovenija Ciljni datum uvedbe eura Država članica 1. januar 2008 Estonija (treba ga je potrditi), Ciper, Malta 1. januar 2009 Slovaška Treba ga je (ponovno) določiti Češka, Latvija, Litva, Madžarska, Poljska, Švedska 2.2. PRIPRAVE V SLOVENIJI 2.2.1. Splošni okvir Priprave v Slovenija Slovenija bo euro sprejela 1. januarja 2007 v okviru scenarija dobro napredujejo, takojšnje uvedbe, t.i. „velikega poka“4, s 14-dnevnim obdobjem čeprav so potrebni dvojnega obtoka5. dodatni ukrepi za okrepitev zaupanja Na splošno se zdi, da je Slovenija dobro pripravljena na uvedbo potrošnikov v eura. V zadnjih nekaj mesecih je država dosegla nadaljnji stabilno in pošteno napredek pri praktičnih pripravah za uvedbo eura, zlasti kar oblikovanje cen med zadeva zamenjavo gotovine. Potrebni pa so dodatni ukrepi za prehodom. okrepitev zaupanja potrošnikov, kot je celovita strategija za pošteno oblikovanje cen, o kateri bi se dogovorili potrošniki in trgovci na drobno. 2.2.2. Finančni sektor in podjetja 4 V skladu s scenarijem „velikega poka“ uvedba eurobankovcev in eurokovancev sovpada z uvedbo eura kot valute v zadevni državi članici. 5 Obdobje dvojnega obtoka je obdobje, ki se začne na dan, ko se dajo v obtok eurobankovci in eurokovanci (dan uvedbe eura) in v katerem sta nacionalna valuta in euro zakoniti plačilni sredstvi v zadevni državi članici. SL 3 SL Trgovci na drobno Od prejšnjega poročila iz junija 2006 so bili predloženi morajo od 1. januarja nadaljnji podatki o preddobavi in posredni preddobavi 2007 vračati drobiž eurogotovine6 Banka Slovenije je sklenila pogodbe s izključno v eurih. poslovnimi bankami, v katerih so določeni pogoji preddobave. Določen je podroben načrt za dobavo eurobankovcev in eurokovancev. Število mini paketov kovancev, ki bodo javnosti od 15. decembra 2006 dostopni na poslovnih bankah, se je s 150 000 povečalo na 450 000. Poleg tega je predvidenih 150 000 začetnih paketov kovancev za trgovce na drobno, ki bodo na voljo od 1. decembra 2006, ter 100 000 zbirk eurokovancev s slovenskimi nacionalnimi stranmi, namenjenih predvsem zbirateljem. Približno 30 % od 1 510 javno dostopnih bankomatov naj bi bilo prilagojenih do 00.30 ure in približno 80 % do 6. ure 1. januarja 2007, ostalih 20 % pa naj bi bilo prilagojenih do polnoči istega dne. Zaradi olajšane menjave nacionalne gotovine v eurogotovino so se slovenske poslovne banke dogovorile, da bodo 1. in 2. januarja 2007 odprle 42 poslovalnic po vsej državi. Seznam teh poslovalnic in njihov delovni čas bosta pravočasno objavljena. V skladu z osnutkom zakona o uvedbi eura bodo morala podjetja, zlasti trgovci na drobno, in javni organi od 1. januarja 2007 vračati drobiž izključno v eurih. 2.2.3. Javna uprava Proizvodnja Osnutek zakona o uvedbi eura je bil predložen parlamentu julija slovenskih kovancev 2006 in naj bi bil sprejet jeseni 2006. Določil bo predvsem poteka. predpise o prehodu na euro, obdobju dvojnega obtoka, menjavi tolarskih bankovcev in kovancev v eurogotovino in redenominaciji vrednostnih papirjev. Slovenija je na podlagi javnega razpisa za proizvodnjo svojih eurokovancev izbrala finsko kovnico7. Proizvodnja se je začela po sprejetju Odločbe Sveta z dne 11. julija 2006 o preklicu odstopanja za Slovenijo. Kar zadeva zaščito eura pred ponarejanjem v Sloveniji, so bili v okviru organov pregona ustanovljeni nacionalni osrednji urad ter nacionalni centri za analizo ponarejenih eurobankovcev in eurokovancev. Slovenski strokovnjaki sodelujejo v ustreznih skupinah na evropski ravni, in sicer pri ECB, Europolu in 6 Preddobava pomeni dobavo eurobankovcev in eurokovancev kreditnim ustanovam s strani nacionalnih centralnih bank pred uvedbo eurogotovine. Posredna preddobava pomeni dobavo teh eurobankovcev in eurokovancev prodajalcem na drobno in drugim podjetjem ter po možnosti tudi širši javnosti s strani kreditnih institucij. 7 Glede objave nacionalnih strani slovenskih eurokovancev glej UL C 254, 20.10.2006, str. 6. SL 4 SL Komisiji/OLAF-u, udeležili pa so se tudi ustreznega usposabljanja. 2.2.4. Potrošniki in javnost Slovenski potrošniki Komisija je v svojem Tretjem poročilu sklenila, da so v se bojijo povišanja Sloveniji potrebni dodatni ukrepi za okrepitev zaupanja cen potrošnikov v stabilno in pošteno oblikovanje cen med prehodom. Rezultati zadnje raziskave Eurobarometra, ki je bila opravljena septembra 2006, so potrdili, da se velika večina vprašanih v Sloveniji (66 % v primerjavi s 70 % v aprilu 2006) boji povišanja cen ob prehodu na euro8. Zlasti pomembno je, da se med trgovci na drobno in potrošniki sklenejo dogovori o poštenem oblikovanju cen med prehodom. Trgovci na drobno bi se morali zavezati, da bodo prehod izvedli pošteno in da ga ne bodo izkoristili kot priložnost za prikrito ali nepregledno povišanje cen. Zaveza glede poštenega oblikovanja cen ima obliko dogovora ali kodeksa ravnanja na nacionalni ali panožni ravni, podpišejo pa ga predstavniške organizacije prodajalcev na drobno in potrošnikov. Posamezni prodajalci na drobno imajo možnost, da pristopijo k dogovoru. Da bi se zagotovila verodostojnost in da ne bi prišlo do zlorabe cen, bi bilo poleg dogovorov o poštenem oblikovanju cen potrebno tudi neodvisno spremljanje cen v mesecih prehoda. Očitne primere kršitve bi bilo treba javno objaviti. Poudariti je treba, da pošteno oblikovanje cen ne pomeni zamrznitve cen, niti ni njegov cilj oblikovati tog sistem zakonskih zavez in upravnih izvršilnih ukrepov. 2.2.5. Informiranje Informacijska V okviru partnerskega sporazuma, sklenjenega z Evropsko kampanja je trenutno komisijo 8. novembra 2005, je slovenska informacijska osredotočena na kampanja (september 2006–januar 2007) trenutno osredotočena oglaševanje v na oglaševanje v nacionalnih in regionalnih sredstvih javnega sredstvih javnega obveščanja. Pripravljajo se televizijski in radijski oglasi, obveščanja. časopisni oglasi, spletni oglasi, oglasi pred filmi v kinodvoranah in
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