A Publication of The American Physiological Society The Complete EB‘99 Program Physiologist See Pages 27-38 Volume 42,Number 1 February 1999 FASEBFederal Funding Consensus Conference FY2000 Executive Summary

We are in the midst of a tremendous period of National Institutes of Health discovery in the life sciences and stand on the To meet the emerging opportunities and needs threshold of even more profound advances in in basic biomedical research,clinical research, knowledge. The nation looks to the future with and biomedical science infrastructure,and to Inside hope and anticipation of the new improvements promote novel interdisciplinary programs, in health,standard of living,and quality of life FASEB recommends an additional $2.3 billion, that these discoveries will bring. American citi- a 15% increase,for NIH in FY 2000. This zens and their elected representatives understand growth is consistent with the broadly supported APSCouncil that this nation’s progress and prosperity are goal of doubling the NIH budget in five years. Meets dependent on our advancements in science,and FASEB supports the continued reliance on in a clear and consistent voice they have called p.5 scientific opportunity as the principal determi- for a “doubling”of our federal investment in nant of NIH research and training programs. research to accelerate our growth. Last year,our FASEB also supports efforts of the NIH prior- nation’s leaders provided historic increases for ity-setting process that includes consideration of Ethan Nadel life sciences research as a first step toward this disease burden and the inclusion of input from a 1941-1998 goal. broad spectrum of constituencies,including the p.7 In the context of this commitment to increase general public and relevant patient,scientific, the investment in our nation’s future,the and medical communities. Federation of American Societies for FASEB encourages NIH to more effectively Experimental Biology (FASEB)—the world’s communicate its planning activities to Congress, Introducing 3 largest organization of biomedical scientists the media,and the public. New APS consisting of 17 member societies representing FASEB encourages NIH to move forward Committee over 56,000 researchers—offers its recommen- with its planning efforts that relate to crosscut- Chairs dation for biomedical and life sciences research ting issues. Specifically,NIH should address for the next fiscal year. Each year,representa- p.16 matters that are interdisciplinary and inter-insti- tives of the FASEB societies convene to discuss tute in nature,and that span the extramural and research opportunities in the life sciences and intramural programs of the agency. Examples review the accomplishments of biomedical include training,infrastructure,and the adequa- Call to Activism research programs supported by the federal gov- cy of current funding mechanisms. Symposium ernment. This report summarizes their review FASEB recommends increased support for p.34 and their recommendations for federal support high-quality,hypothesis-driven,patient-oriented for FY 2000. research through conventional R01 and other investigator-initiated awards,and urges the appropriate involvement of physician-scientists in the review and selection process. To view the full text of the report,go to http://www.faseb.org. (continued on page 3)

Vol.42,No.1,1999 1 Published bimonthly and distributed by The American The Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda,Maryland 20814-3991 Physiologist ISSN 0031-9376 Volume 42 Number 1 February 1999 L. Gabriel Navar President Allen W. Cowley,Jr. Past President Walter F. Boron Contents President-Elect Martin Frank Editorand Executive Director FASEBFederal Funding NAIA to Petition Congress for Councillors Consensus Conference Hearings on Animal Extremism20 Dale J. Benos,Celia D. Sladek, FY2000 USDAProposal to Regulate Rats, Richard J. Traystman, Executive Summary 1 Mice,and Birds Expected 20 John A. Williams,Phyllis M. Wise NIGMSReport Tracks MSTP Ex Officio APSNews Graduates’Success 21 Barbara E. Goodman, Council Meets inSanAntonio 5 Edward H. Blaine, ACDPPresents Distinguished Experimental Biology ‘99 John E. Hall,Judith A. Neubauer Service Award to Norman Alpert6 Sections Special Functions 23 1998 Research Career Enhancement Distinguished Lectureships 24 Publications Committee:Chairman: Committee Meetings 26 Dale J. Benos; Members:David H. Awards 6 Alpers,R. Davis Manning,Jr.,James Ethan Richard Nadel,1941-19987 Publications Special Functions 26 A. Schafer,Stephen H. Wright. Alan Hodgkin,1914-1998 9 Publications Manager:Brenda B. Experimental Biology ‘99 Rauner. Design and Copy Editor: Membership Program 27 Joelle R. Grossnickle. New Regular Members 10 Public Affairs Sessions Planned Subscriptions:Distributed to mem- New Corresponding Members 11 for EB 35 bers as part of their membership. Call to Activism Symposium 36 Nonmembers in the USA:individuals New Affiliate Members 12 $42.00; institutions $62.00. New Student Members 12 My Health,My World Outreach Nonmembers elsewhere:individuals Workshop 37 $52.00; institutions $73.00. Single Publications copies and back issues when available, Physiological Reviews 14 Announcements $10.00 each; single copies and back APSElections 38 issues of Abstracts issues when avail- Introducing Dale Benos,APS able,$20.00. Subscribers to The Publications Committee Chair15 Physiologistalso receive abstracts of Meetings and Conferences the Conferences of the American Committee News 1999 APS Conferences 39 Physiological Society. Introducing Judith Neubauer,APS The American Physiological Society Program Committee Chair 16 Positions Available 41 assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by Introducing Terry Opgenorth,APS contributors to The Physiologist. Liaison With Industry People and Places Deadline for submission of material Committee Chair 17 Eric Kandel to Receive Wolf for publication:Jan. 1,February issue; Prize in Medicine 48 March 1,April issue; May 1,June issue; July 1,August issue; Sept. 1, Public Affairs October issue; Nov. 1,December President Will Propose Only a 2% News From Senior issue. Increase for NIH 4 Physiologists 50 Please notify the central office as NIHExpands Use of Modular soon as possible if you change your Grant Application and Award 18 Books Received 53 address or telephone number. NIHIncreases Stipend Levels for Headquarters phone:301-530-7118. Some Awards 18 Book Reviews 54 Fax:301-571-8305. OMBto Require FOIARelease of http://www.faseb.org/aps/ Research Data 19 Scientific Meetings and Congresses 57

2 The Physiologist FASEB Executive Summary

FASEB recommends that NIH estab- Initiative Competitive Grants Program these actions will ensure maximization lish an Institutional Infrastructure by $33 million to $152 million in FY of the use of these facilities and enable Support Grant,funded at the level of 2000,as well as establishing a new agri- them to serve a growing demand in bio- 2% of the total Research Project Grants cultural genomics program and restor- medical research. at a given institution. These funds ing full funding for the education efforts should be used for shared equipment, of the National Needs Initiative. US Department infrastructure,bridge funds,and one- FASEB recommends the creation of a of Veterans Affairs year pilot projects. This program should new agricultural genomics program To meet new opportunities and better be administered locally with appropri- with genomics and proteomics compo- respond to the health needs of veterans, ate NIH oversight. All such funds nents that focus on agriculturally FASEB recommends that the VA should be distributed according to a rig- important organisms. We recommend research and development budget be orous,local scientific merit review that this agricultural genomics initiative increased by $44 million for a total of at mechanism. be funded with $50 million from the least $360 million in FY 2000. FASEB recommends that funding for Initiative for Future Agriculture and FASEB recommends that excess the shared biomedical technology Food Systems,which has genomics as a medical facility space be converted into resources program (P41) be increased priority mission area. FASEB further research space and existing research from its current level of $67 million to recommends that this program be coor- space be upgraded. $167 million in FY 2000. dinated with other USDA activities and FASEB supports NIH’s ongoing with those at he NSF,DOE,NIH,and in National Aeronautics study of ways to reduce the unnecessary the private sector. burden that federal regulations impose and Space Administration on researchers. We hope that the recom- US Department of Energy FASEB recommends that the Life mendations of the study received wide- FASEB recommends that the core Sciences Division R&A budget be spread consideration. research budget for Biological and increased by $50 million to $125 mil- Environmental Research and Basic lion in FY 2000. National Science Foundation Energy Sciences be increased by $100 FASEB recommends that NASA FASEB recommends that NSF million for a total of $1.3 billion. The implement the findings and recommen- receive $4.2 billion in FY 2000,repre- Basic Energy Sciences budget for the dations of the Ad Hoc Task Force on senting a 15% increase over last year’s facilities program should be increased Peer Review in order to further solidify funding levels. by $45 million to $216 million in order the ongoing transformation of its peer FASEB recommends that NSF devote to ensure the optimal use of these criti- review process. most of its new resources for FY 2000 cal national resources. FASEB supports the strategies out- to increasing the size and length of its FASEB applauds the cooperative lines by NASA for providing oversight grants. efforts of funding agencies to set and and funding of the NSBRI (National achieve common goals for the synchro- Space Biomedical Research Institute), US Department of Agriculture tron facilities including the sharing of while at the same time expanding its commitment of resources to the (Life FASEB recommends increasing the costs of major upgrades and operation Sciences Division) R&A program. ❖ base funding for the National Research of associated beam lines. Ultimately, For President’s proposal on NIHbud- get,see article on page 4.

Don’t forget to vote! APSElection Ballots are due March, 5, 1999. Positions to be voted on: APS President-Elect, and Councillor.

VOTE! See page 39 for more information. VOTE!

Vol.42,No.1,1999 3 Public Affairs

President Will Propose Only A 2% Increase for NIH

President Clinton will propose only a hensive package of funding recommen- Furthermore, recommendations for 2% increase for the NIH in FY 2000, dations using the strict spending limits minimal NIH budget increases by the according to the documents released at imposed by an earlier budget agree- administration have become standard the time of the January 19 State of the ment. This left little room for increases, fare in recent years. Congress has been Union address. This is far less than the particularly since some of the funds NIH’s champion so both Democratic 15% increase recommended by the available for FY 2000 under the budget and Republican administrations have FASEB Consensus Conference to keep agreement were spent for FY 1999 pro- tended to submit relatively low increase NIH on the path to a five-year doubling grams when Congress voted increases proposals, knowing that Congress of its budget. The $320 million increase to virtually anyone who asked as a way would supplement them. would bring NIH’s FY 2000 funding to hasten its adjournment. Office of Of greater concern are the rumblings level to $15.652 billion. The budget Management and Budget Director around town asking whether NIH can proposal will be formally submitted to Jacob Lew signaled the President’s put another large increase to use. Many Congress on February 1. intentions by telling science supporters on Capitol Hill are already promising Although the President’s recommenda- that increases in domestic discretionary closer scrutiny this year as NIH decides tion is disappointing, it must be viewed programs would be a lower priority in how to spend the $2 billion increase in context. First of all, it is only the the FY 2000 budget than how to address provided for FY 1999. ❖ opening gambit in the lengthy budget the problems of the social security sys- and appropriations procedure. The tem. For more Public Affairs articles, see administration formulated its compre- page 18.

4 The Physiologist APS News

Council Meets in San Antonio

The APS fall Council meeting was President L. Gabriel Navar’s member- 45 years of age because of the increased held in San Antonio, Texas, at the Plaza ship campaign of 10,000 members by length of time it takes for young people San Antonio on December 3-6, 1998. the year 2000 continues to gather to attain their first tenure-track position. The Council meeting was held prior to momentum. A total of 167 new mem- After much discussion, Council agreed the APS Fall Conference “The Para- bers were approved by Council at this to raise the age limit for the Bowditch ventricular Nucleus of the Hypothal- meeting, bringing APS membership to award to 42 years of age instead of the amus: Crossroads of Integrative Phys- 8,877 with more than a year to go. recommended 45 years. iology” organized by J. R. Haywood Increased member benefits, such as the This particular meeting was high- and held on December 5-9 at the his- free color offer, the APS Online Journal lighted by the Council meeting jointly toric Menger Hotel. Collection for $49.50, access to AAAS’ with the Association of Chairs of During the meeting, Council accept- ScienceNow and Science’s Next Wave, Departments of Physiology (ACDP). ed the final 1998 budget and the pro- and the possible bylaw change transfer- The last meeting of these two organiza- posed 1999 budget. Plans were final- ring all corresponding members to reg- tions two years ago was seen as an ized for a strategic-planning retreat to ular membership (to be voted on at the unqualified success in terms of initia- be held on November 14-16, 1999. At Society’s Business Meeting during the tion of joint projects of mutual interest. this retreat, Council, the Long-Range Experimental Biology meeting) should These included the yearly employment Planning Committee, and the section appeal to physiologists all over the survey of recent graduates in physiolo- chairs will review the current APS world. gy and the development of a core com- Strategic Plan and to discuss innovative Council was presented with the newly petency curriculum for physiology. ideas and programs the Society could published “Questions People Ask About Work on those projects remains ongo- implement in the coming century. Animals in Research,” a joint project of ing. At this joint meeting, Council and Because of the strength of the stock the Animal Care and Experimentation ACDP were brought up-to-date on market and the ability of the Society’s and Public Affairs Committees. The those projects and discussions were money managers, APS is in a very color brochure is aimed at school chil- held regarding future potential joint strong financial situation. Council again dren and seeks to provide answers to the projects. In addition, APS member voiced its desire to see more of the commonly asked questions about the Norman R. Alpert was honored at a lun- Society’s funds being used for member- use of animals in research. Copies of cheon where he was presented with the benefit programs. Consequently, Council the brochure are available free to mem- ACDP’s Distinguished Service Award unanimously approved the recommen- bers. (see p. 6). Again, the meeting was dation of the Publications and Finance Other business attended to by viewed as highly successful and served Committees to offer free color to mem- Council included a discussion on the to reemphasize the common goals of bers who are first or last author on any issue of age qualification for the Henry the two organizations. manuscript published in any of the Pickering Bowditch Award Lectureship. Additional details of the Council’s Society’s journals. Currently the age limit for considera- actions during the December meeting The offer of free color to members tion for the award is 40 years of age. will be communicated to the member- was seen by Council as one means by The Awards Committee recommended ship at the spring Business Meeting and which to attract new members. to Council that the age limit be raised to in The Physiologist. ❖

APS Council. L. Gabriel Navar and Martin Frank contend with the “bull” at the joint APS and ACDP meeting.

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 5 APS News

ACDP Presents Distinguished Service Award to Norman Alpert

At the recent meeting of the ety, Harvey Society, Society of General Among the awards Alpert has Association of Chairs of Departments Physiology, American Heart received in addition to the ACDP of Physiology (ACDP) held December Association, and Cardiac Muscle Distinguished Service Award are the 4-6, 1998, in San Antonio, Texas, the Society. He has served editor, associate Wiggers Award presented by the APS association’s annual Distinguished editor, or on the editorial board of Cardiovascular Section, the University Service Award was presented to numerous journals, including Journal of Scholar Award in the Medical Sciences, Norman R. Alpert. Molecular and Cellular Cardiology; and election to the Vermont Academy of Alpert began his career at Columbia American Journal of Physiology: Heart Science and Engineering. University as an assistant and instructor and Circulatory Physiology; Coronary In presenting the award to him, in physiology. He was appointed Heart Disease; Circulation Research; ACDP President Mordecai P. Blaustein Assistant Professor in the Department Clinical Cardiology; Cardioscience; remarked that when Alpert served as of Physiology at the University of Heart, News and Views; and Trends of Chair of the Department of Molecular Illinois in 1953 and was promoted to Cardiovascular Medicine. Physiology and Biophysics at the Associate Professor in 1958 University of Vermont, he was and full Professor in 1965. At viewed as a role model for his the University of Illinois, faculty. He worked to build the Alpert’s name remains above department into an international the door to his old office, sig- center of excellence in cardiovas- nifying his status in that cular and muscle physiology. department. He was then Alpert was able to create an envi- recruited to be the Chair of ronment that made science the Department of Molecular enjoyable and allowed individu- Physiology and Biophysics at als to perform to their maximum the University of Vermont in potential. He was constantly 1966. He retained that posi- encouraging his faculty to take tion until 1995 when he on new challenges and opportu- stepped down as chair. nities. Consequently, former fac- Alpert maintains member- ulty praised Alpert for his fine ship and is active in a number values, sincerity, and his desire of scientific societies, includ- ACDP President Mordecai Blaustein (right) presents Norman Alpert with to bolster his colleagues above ing APS, Biophysical Soci- the Distinguished Service Award. himself. ❖

1998 Research Career Enhancement Awards

The Research Career Enhancement the award to visit the laboratory of James Rodrigo Iturriaga, Catholic Awards are designed to enhance the S. Norris at the Medical University of University of Chile in Santiago, will research careers of APS members in South Carolina to learn practical aspects visit the laboratory of Machiko good standing, strengthening their of adeno-associated virus biology. Shirahata, Johns Hopkins University, to research programs and making them The award to Tara L. Haas, Yale acquire new scientific skills and train- more competitive scientists. The awards University will enable her to learn and ing in methodologies appropriate for are given competitively twice a year. implement the surgical and experimen- implementing new techniques. In 1998 the fall round of applications tal techniques involved in chronic elec- APS members in good standing are resulted in 3 of 4 applications being trical stimulation of rat hindlimb mus- invited to apply for Research Career accepted, those of Lawrence E. Cornett, cles in the laboratory of Olga Hudlická, Enhancement Awards. The deadlines Tara L. Haas, and Rodrigo Iturriaga. University of Birmingham School of for applications are February 15 and Lawrence E. Cornett, University of Medicine in Birmingham, UK. August 15. ❖ Arkansas for Medical Sciences, will use

6 The Physiologist Obituary

Ethan Richard Nadel, 1941-1998

Ethan R. Nadel, Director of The associated with exercise and heat expo- Japan. John B. Pierce Laboratory and sure, which led him to recognize the He was appointed Director of the Professor of Epidemiology & Public pivotal role played by the blood volume Pierce Laboratory in 1989. During his Health and of Cellular & Molecular in the ability of the body to successful- tenure from 1989 to 1998, he planned Physiology at the Yale University ly acclimate to thermal stresses. and oversaw an expansion and major School of Medicine in New Haven, CT, Investigation of the factors that control renovations of the Laboratory’s facili- died at his home in Guilford, CT on plasma volume in humans then became ties and the research staff grew to 25 December 26, 1998 after a protracted one of the major focuses of his research scientists and postdoctoral fellows. He illness brought on by cancer. career. strengthened the relationship between Nadel was the son of Ruth G. Nadel Nadel was first appointed an the Pierce Laboratory and Yale Medical of Washington, DC and the late Aaron Assistant Fellow of the Pierce School. Many medical students and B. Nadel. He is survived by his wife graduate students completed significant Emilia Bergamasco and two daughters, portions of their training at the Pierce Dana Foley of New York City, NY and Laboratory using its facilities, while Maya Bergamasco of Guilford, CT as under the supervision of Nadel and well as his brothers, John B. and Roger other Laboratory staff who are on the S. Nadel, both of Los Angeles, CA and Yale faculty. He also developed a close Gordon L. Nadel of Jasper, OR. relationship with the Noll Laboratory at Born on September 3, 1941, Nadel Pennsylvania State University, leading grew up in the Washington, DC area. to a profitable interchange of ideas and After attending high school in personnel between the two laboratories, Maryland, he went on to Williams that still continues today. College in Massachusetts, where he Nadel was an authority in the area of graduated in Biological Sciences in human thermoregulation during exer- 1963. After his graduation, he moved to cise and heat exposure. He spent much the University of California where he of his research career studying the studied environmental physiology mechanisms by which people attain under Steven M. Horvath at the Institute physical fitness through exercise train- for Environmental Stress in Santa Ethan R. Nadel ing and become acclimatized to heat Barbara. Thus, began his life-long inter- Laboratory and an Assistant Professor exposure. He was particularly interested est in human thermoregulation. As a at Yale University School of Medicine in the factors that govern the regulation graduate student, Nadel investigated the in 1970. He rose through the ranks of of plasma volume and their effects on interactions between peripheral and both the Pierce Laboratory and Yale physical performance and heat toler- central thermoreception in the control University to become a Fellow of the ance. of heat production and heat loss mecha- Laboratory and a Professor of When aeronautical engineers at nisms in humans. He subsequently Epidemiology and of Physiology in Massachusetts Institute of Technology received his PhD in 1969. 1985. He was also a Fellow of Trumbull were designing a man-powered aircraft Nadel then undertook postdoctoral College within Yale College at New that would break all existing flight studies as an NIH Fellow at the John B. Haven. During this time, he was active- endurance records, they were frustrated Pierce Laboratory in New Haven, CT, ly involved in both teaching and by the lack of information on how to where he continued to work on temper- research at the Pierce Laboratory and in provide the “human engine” with the ature regulation with Jan Stolwijk and the Medical School and the Graduate resources necessary to power their the late James D. Hardy, who was the School at Yale. He established a number plane. They turned to Nadel for infor- Director of the Pierce Laboratory at that of postdoctoral networks with several mation about the limits and optimiza- time. During his first year there, he laboratories in Europe, Japan, and the tion of human exercise performance. He studied sweating mechanisms with the US, as well as supervising several Yale joined their team and helped develop late Bob Bullard, who was spending a medical and graduate students in their the methods of human testing, exercise sabbatical at the Pierce Laboratory. doctoral theses. He also spent several training, body cooling, and body fluid, Nadel then developed a deeper interest fruitful sabbaticals, working in labora- electrolyte, and carbohydrate replace- in the problems of thermoregulation tories in France, Sweden, Australia, and ment, without which the actual flight

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 7 Obituary would not have been successful. Sports Medicine (ACSM) and a mem- mentor Steve Horvath. When the Working closely together, an aeronauti- ber of the Sigma Xi Society and the Society was sectionalized in 1978, he cal team from MIT headed by Steven American Association for the served on the task force that set up the Bussolari and a team of exercise physi- Advancement of Science. He served on Environmental and Exercise Physiology ologists led by Nadel solved the prob- the Board of Trustees of the ACSM Section and went on to serve as lems of sustained man-powered flight. from 1982-85 and was also a scientific Councilor, Program Committee The plane took off on April 23, 1989, consultant to the Gatorade Division of Representative, and later Chairman for from the Island of Crete, recreating the Quaker Oats Company. Among his the EEP Section. He also served on sev- Greek mythological flight of Daedalus numerous awards and recognitions, eral APS committees, which included and his son Icarus from King Minos of Nadel was a Fellow of the Japanese the Long-Range Planning Committee, Crete to the nearby Island of Thera Society for the Promotion of Science, a the Nominating Committee, and most (now known as Santorini), a distance of National Lecturer for the Sigma Xi recently, the Program Committee, of 119 kilometers. The plane was pedal- Society, the Harry G. Armstrong which he was Chairman from 1995 to powered by the Greek cycling champi- Lecturer for the Aerospace Medical 1998, serving as an ex officio member on Kanellos. He successfully made the Association in 1991, and was to be the of the APS Council since 1995. In 1998, necessary four-hour flight to land on APS Edward F. Adolph Distinguished he was elected to a 3-year term as an Santorini, thereby establishing a new Lecturer at the Experimental Biology APS Councillor. The Society owes world record for human-powered flight. meeting in April 1999. He was also to Nadel a great debt for his diligent and Nadel also had an interest in the prob- receive a Citation Award from the tireless service over the years and his lems of physical fitness and aging. For ACSM at its annual meeting in June efforts will be sorely missed in the many years he ran an NIH-funded study 1999. He was an author on over 140 sci- future. Those who have known him, as in conjunction with the Heritage entific papers and edited three mono- colleagues, students, or friends could Village, a retirement community in graphs on exercise and thermoregula- not help but be infected with his Southbury, CT, documenting patterns of tion. He served also on the Editorial indomitable spirit and his enthusiasm fitness and exercise among the elderly. Boards of several journals for both the for science and education and they will The study also tried to develop suitable APS and ACSM and was a scientific carry those ideals forward. ❖ methods of training for the elderly that reviewer for NIH. would be successful in preventing or During the past 20 years, Ethan per- John B. Stitt minimizing the progression to immobil- formed yeoman service in many capac- John B. Pierce Laboratories ity and cardiovascular and orthopedic ities for the APS. Starting in the mid- New Haven, CT injuries that often afflict many of our 1970s, he was the familiar and long-suf- Memorial contributions may be made in older citizens. fering unofficial organizer of the APS Ethan Nadel’s name to The Women and Nadel was a member of the APS, a Temperature Regulation Dinner, a posi- Family Life Center, 89 State Street, Fellow of the American College of tion that he inherited from his former Guilford, CT 06437. Commemorative Service Join your fellow colleagues to commemorate the life and service of Ethan R. Nadel. Experimental Biology ‘99 Monday, April 19, 1999 Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C Washington DC 6:30 PM

8 The Physiologist Obituary

Alan Hodgkin, 1914-1998

Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, an APS nerve cells in transmitting the data. It physics and of nervous system opera- honorary member and Nobel Prize win- has been noted that Hodgkin’s instinc- tion, including sight and vision prob- ner, died December 20, 1998, in tive ability to decipher information was lems. Furthermore, Hodgkin’s method Cambridge, UK, at the age of 84. one of his greatest assets as a for recording intracellular action poten- Hodgkin began his studies in physiol- researcher, so much so that at times he tials, “patch clamping,” is now used ogy, chemistry, and zoology at Trinity was somewhat envied by fellow universally for the measurement of College in Cambridge, UK in 1932 and potentials in every kind of cell. was soon elected to the Undergraduate During World War II, Hodgkin spent Natural Science Club. a few months working on aviation med- After one year, he was elected as a icine, and then five years on the devel- Fellow of Trinity after experimenting opment of airborne radar. Out of this on cold block in frog nerves, which research came his most important con- Hodgkin described as “rather amateur” tribution, the design of a 10 cm scan- work. ning and display system for night fight- In 1939, Hodgkin joined Andrew ers. Huxley at the Laboratory of the Marine Hodgkin later served as an assistant Biological Association in Plymouth. director of research in Cambridge’s Initially, the researchers wanted to Physiological Laboratory until 1952 determine the amounts and locations of and from 1952 to 1969 as Foulerton electrical charges inside the shafts of Research Professor of the Royal individual nerve cells while messages Society. He was then appointed the were actually being transmitted. They John Humphrey Plummer Professor of discovered that at its peak, the electric Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Biophysics in the University but potential across the membrane of the retained his laboratory in the squid axon did not just fall to zero, but researchers. Physiology Department. was actually reversed. For this discov- The results of these discoveries led to In addition to his academic positions ery on how nerves transmit information, a new understanding of the electrical and winning the Nobel Prize, Hodgkin Hodgkin and Huxley, along with Sir mechanisms of nervous system opera- received many other honors. He served John Eccles of Australia, earned the tions. Today’s view of the way sense as Chancellor of the University of 1963 Nobel Prize in physiology or med- impressions are sent to the brain is Leiceister from 1971-1984. He was icine. Most of the group’s research was based on Hodgkin’s work with the axon elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in performed on the nerve cell of the giant of the giant squid’s nerve cell. 1948, gave the Croonian Lecture in squid, which is about 40-50 times wider As a result of these studies, Hodgkin 1957, gave a Tercentenary Lecture in than comparable human fibers. In order also made one of his major discoveries, 1960, and was awarded a Royal Medal to measure the electrical charges, they which was that an alternating flow of in 1958 and the Copley Medal in 1965. inserted wires and hollow tubing inside sodium and potassium ions into and out He was also appointed to the Order of the narrow nerve fibers. of nerve cells provides the electrical Merit in 1973. After the electrical information was force that pushes messages through Hodgkin is survived by his wife, obtained, Hodgkin used his intuitions these cells to and from the brain. three daughters and a son. ❖ about the behavior of cells, charges and Hodgkin was also credited with currents to describe the action of the important research in other areas of bio- Deceased Members Jaime B. Coelho Riverdale, NY Kee C. Huang Louisville, KY Tihamer Z. Csaky Fort Worth, TX Ethan R. Nadel New Haven, CT Michael S. Dekin New Brunswick, NJ Guy Halliday Nelson Richmond, VA M.H.F. Friedman Landsdowne, PA S.K. Quadri Manhattan, KS Geza J. Hetenyi Ottawa, Canada Nathan Rakieten Stony Brook, NY Allan Lloyd Hodgkin Cambridge, UK

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 9 Membership

New Regular Members Steve F. Abouwer Arvinder K. Dhalla Jeffrey Lee Jasperse Massachusetts General Hospital University of Missouri University of Missouri Albert Adam Jay D. Druecker Rodney Wayne Johnson Universite de Montreal Chadron State College University of Illinois, Urbana Sean Harrison Adams Raymond N. DuBois Mathur Srinivasan Kannan Genentech Inc. Vanderbilt University Medical Center University of Minnesota Dennis L. Andress William Durante Hrayr S. Karaqueuzian VA Medical Center, Seattle Baylor College of Medicine Cedar Sinai Research Institute Jose Antonio David James Dyck Manjo Lal Karwa University of Nebraska University of Guelph Albert Einstein College of Medicine Jay H. Baltz Lynn M. Everett Edward L. Keller University of Ottawa Indiana University Medical Center University of California, Berkeley Stephen J. Beebe Charles Wayne Frevert Mearl A. Kilmore Center for Pediatric Research University of Washington Univ. of Osteopathic Med., Des Moines Hans-Rudolf Berthoud Robert Gagnon Glenn E. Kirsch Pennington Biomedical Research Ctr. University of Western Ontario Case Western Reserve University Paul Page Bertrand Dympna Gallagher Barry R. Komisaruk University of Melbourne Columbia University State University of New Jersey Richard S. Blumberg Bahiru Gametchu Sandor Janos Kovacs Brigham and Women’s Hospital Medical College of Wisconsin Washington Univ. School of Medicine Lewis E. Braverman Lawrence Keith Gates Raymond K. Kudej Brigham and Women’s Hospital University of Kentucky Allegheny Univ. of Health Sciences Richard J. Brilli John Ingersoll Glendinning Rhonda J. Kuykindoll Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati Barnard College Tennessee State University Karen P. Briski Andrew P. Goldberg Olivier Lesur Washington State University University of Maryland University of Sherbrooke Colleen Marie Brophy Ming Cui Gong Gregory Allen Lnenicka Medical College of Georgia University of Virginia State University of New York, Albany Eugenio Cersosimo Scott Thomas Grafton Alex L. Loeb SUNY, Stony Brook Emory University Cytometrics, Inc. Corey. L. Cleland Richard Martin Green Dwight C. Look James Madison University University of Illinois, Chicago Washington University Joseph Cornelius Cleveland, Jr. David Robert Grimm Ken Lukowiak Univ. of Colorado Health Sciences Mt. Sinai School of Medicine University of Calgary Charles W. Cortas Julius Matteo Guccione Nicole A. Lynch Univ. of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ Washington University VA Medical Center, Baltimore Elizabeth Asenath Cowley William Guido William Winzer Lytton McGill University Louisiana State Univ. Medical Center University of Wisconsin Leon J. Cruise Henry Hagedorn Benedito Honorio Machado Howard University University of Arizona University of Sao Paulo Subimal Datta Jeffrey Michael Hausdorff Frederic Martini Boston University Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center University of Hawaii Robin L. Davisson Gail Hecht Hiroshi Mashimo University of Iowa University of Illinois, Chicago VA Medical Center, West Roxbury Steven Deem Daniel Lewis Hogan Shirley A. McCormack University of Washington University of California, San Diego University of Tennessee Gregory E. Demas Charles Randall House Nansie A. McHugh Georgia State University St. George’s Hospital UMDNJ-R. W. Johnson Medical Ctr. Christian F. Deschepper John R. Huguenard Robert C. McIntyre Jr. University of Montreal Stanford University Medical Center Univ. of Colorado Health Science Ctr.

10 The Physiologist Membership

Lori L. McMahon Edward L. Robinson Patric K. Stanton University of Alabama, Birmingham University of California, Davis Albert Einstein College of Medicine John Edward Mickle Daniela Rotin Raymond D. Starling Johns Hopkins University The Hospital for Sick Children University of Vermont Constance Mier James Walter Edward Rush Kurt R. Stenmark Barry University, Miami University of Missouri University of Colorado Pope L. Mosele Richard L. Saint Marie Mary E. Sunday University of New Mexico House Ear Institute Brigham and Women’s Hospital Diane H. Muzenmaier Jeremy Dan Schmahmann Gerald S. Supinski Medical College of Wisconsin Massachusetts General Hospital Case Western Reserve University Hammed A. Olanrewaju Andrew Barnard Schwartz Hirofumi Tanaka East Carolina University The Neurosciences Inst., San Diego University of Colorado Lance M. Optican Karie E. Scrogin Tino Unlap National Eye Institute, NIH Oregon Health Sciences University University of Alabama, Birmingham Michael Adam O’Reilly Jeffrey Lewis Segar Mary H. Van Soeren University of Rochester University of Iowa St. Joseph’s Health Center Thomas Otis Philip Warren Shaul Matthew D. Vukovich University of California, Los Angeles Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr. Experimental and Applied Sciences Kailash N. Pandey David Sheikh-Hamad Ling N.A. Wang Tulane University Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine Wright State University Allen Clive Parcell J. Kevin Shoemaker Timothy Cragin Wang Brigham Young University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Massachusetts General Hospital James Lee Park Robert G. Sitrin Tong Wang University of Michigan Univ. of Michigan Medical School Yale University Raymond Joseph Pavlick Allan M. Smith Carl W. White Grand Canyon University, Phoenix University of Montreal University of Colorado Gordon Lockwood Pierpont C. Wayne Smith Robert W. Yost University of Minnesota Baylor College of Medicine Indiana University-Purdue University Sharma S. Prabhakar Harald W. Sontheimer John G. Younger VA Medical Center, Bronx University of Alabama, Birmingham University of Michigan David Nathan Proctor Michael Edward Soulsby, Sr. Ellen Mary Zimmerman Mayo Clinic Univ. of Arkansas Medical Sciences University of Michigan Jon J. Ramsey University of Wisconsin New Corresponding Members

Bork Balkan Nocolette Elisabeth Farman Jorn Hounsgaard Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. INSERM University of Copenhagen Alan Mark Batterham Jean-Pierre Girolami Paul M.L. Janssen University of Teesside, UK INSERM University of Freiburg Jean-Paul Buts Juraj Gmitrov Thomas E.N. Jonassen Catholic University of Louvain University Hospital Kosice University of Copenhagen Trinitat Cambras David Andrew Gray Ki Whan Kim University of Barcelona University of Witwatersrand University of Freiburg Torsten Doenst Peter Jeffrey Harris Wolfgang M. Kuebler University of Texas-Houston University of Melbourne St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Jean-Francois Faivre Helen Harty Sven Korbel Smith Kline Beecham Lab University College Dublin Medical Faculty Osijek Konrad J. Falke Li-Ping He Lars Siegfried Maier Humboldt University NIDDK, NIH Universität Gottengen

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 11 Membership

Simon Charles Malpas Michael John Parkes Stephen Michael Stick Auckland University University of Birmingham, UK Princess Margaret Hospital Jeannine Marchetti Axel Pflueger Felice Strollo INSERM Mayo Clinic University of Rome Fraser McDonald Enrique Quintero Tetsuro Urushidani UMDS, London Hospital Universite Rio De La Guna University of Tokyo Soichiro Miura Gordon Reid Guy M.B. Vassort National Defense Med. College, Japan University of Bucharest INSERM Vujadin M. Mujovic Jochen Rose Andrew Sean Weller Institute of Physiology, Yugoslavia Johns Hopkins University Center for Human Sciences, UK Gunnar Fredrik Nyberg Helene Simonnet Stephen Heung-Sang Wong Asha Hassle Research Labs Universite Lyon Chinese University of Hong Kong Koji Okamura James Wallace Sleigh Yingting Zhu Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Waikato Hospital VA Medical Center, Buffalo Tadahiro Oonishi Harold Martin Strauss NTT Kanto Teishin Hospital Humboldt University New Affiliate Members Craig Bushong Heitor P. Povoas Rafael G. Villavicencio Austin, TX Institute of Critical Care Medicine East Lost Angeles City College Pedro Sotowa Hitomi Brent A. Shannon Centro De Aperfeicoamento West Los Angeles VA Medical Center Patricia Lynn Munn Vicky L. Snyder Raymore, MO Akron, OH New Student Members Payall Aggarwall Grant Buttram April D. Crommett University of Pittsburgh East Carolina University University of Mississippi Gernimo I. Agnulo Zheqing Cai Robert Harry Cudmore East Los Angeles City College Medical College of Georgia Brandeis University Beau Mark Ances Karyn J. Catalano Jennifer Curtis-Orten Univ of Pennsylvania School of Med. University of California-Davis University of Utah Daniel James Baltrukonis Siriporn Chaisin Jo Anne Del Rio Dickinson College University of North Carolina University of California-Irvine James Bell III Firas M. Chamas Christopher A. De Mauro SUNY - Stony Brook New York Medical College Dickinson College Krista N. Blackwell Qingchen Chen Martin Goos De Vries Howard University University of Wyoming University of Illinois Cynthia Ann Blanton Qing Cheng Nuray Erin University of California-Davis University of Rochester Pennsylvania State University Kevin J. Blanton Beek Yoke Chin Mazyar Fallah Univ. of Texas Health Science Center Johns Hopkins University Princeton University Joseph W. Branstutter Chee Yeun Chung Garth A. Fowler Ball State University University of California-Davis University of Washington Adam S. Bristol Kelly Jean Ciombor Mark Conrad Fratzke Yale University University of Maryland University of Hawaii Chester Malcolm Brown Matthew Gordon Clark Rajdeep S. Gaitonde University of Illinois Rutgers University University of New England College Ruth E. Burgers Kevin Michael Crisp Adriana C. Girardi University of South Dakota University of Minnesota Yale University

12 The Physiologist Membership

Denise Gobert Ricard Masia Noam Sagiv University of Texas-Austin Cornell University University of California-Davis Franci John Golder Angela Massingill Jennifer Ann Sanders University of Florida Michigan State University Dickinson College Joe W. Gordon Laura Rose Mery Jason Mathew Smith York University University of Texas-San Antonio University of Alabama Tracy Lynn Greer Mohammed Ragiv Milad Romina Sosa University of Texas-Dallas Ponce School of Medicine Louisiana State University Bradley Edward Greger Monica DelCarmen Molinari Suzanne Meredith Spangler Washington University California State Polytechnic Univ. Dickinson College Jeffrey David Gross Meredith Lee Moore David K. Spierer Dickinson College University of Texas-Houston Columbia University Jason Delwyn Huber Ramin Nazarian Vicki Lynn Sutherland Florida A& M University University of California-Los Angeles University of Arizona Jade-Ming Jeng Mark Jeremy Nolt Leslie P.Tao University of California-Irvine Dickinson College University of California-Los Angeles Michael G. Jonz Ayman Ibrahim Omar Zafar Subhani Tariq Brock University University of Ottawa Dickinson College Anjali G. Kansagara Brandi K. Ormeron Anna Marie Taylor University of California-Davis University of British Columbia University of California-Davis John R. Kapoor One R. Pagan Jane Van Dis Finch University of Health Sciences University of Puerto Rico University of South Dakota Sam A. Kemerly Toni R. Pak Jacqueline Vasquez University of Mississippi University of Colorado-Boulder Pennsylvania State University Christopher G. Kevil Robert J. Panetic Padma Venkatramaman Louisiana State University University of Montreal Northeast Louisiana University Rajesh Khanna Shilpa Patel Justus Valentijn Verhagen University of Toronto Yale University University of Delaware James Gary King, Jr. Christopher I. Petkov Vijay Viswanathan Temple University University of California-Davis University of British Columbia Beth Ann Kinney Neal Prakash Andrey Vyshedskiy Southern Illinois University University of California-Irvine Boston University Paul Milward Lea IV Hui Quan Niangui Wang Uniformed Svcs. Univ. Health Sciences Duke University Wesleyan University Kelimer Lebron Ashwini Kumar Rao Wen-rui Xie Ponce School of Medicine Columbia University University of Cincinnati Yenshou Lin Raj Raghavendra Rao Shahi Zangenhpour Boston University Medical Center University of Georgia McGill University Mark David Zentner University of Southern California The Seventh Annual Women in Physiology Mentoring Program Luncheon

Sunday, April 18, 12:00 NOON to 1:30 PM Grand Hyatt, Lafayette/Farragut Squares Featuring presentations by Program Staff at the National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation

(Sponsored by the APS Women in Physiology Committee) For information and luncheon tickets, contact Andrea Jackson in the APS Education Office Tel: 301-571-0694; e-mail: [email protected]

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 13 Publications

Physiological Reviews

Physiological Reviews continues to provide the scientific community with broad, analytical, and comprehensive overviews of the highest quality. The journals Impact Factor is the highest in the field of physiology (19.33 in 1997 with a half-life of 8.5 years), and the journal is internationally renowned. This quality is maintained because of the dedication and hard work of the edi- tors and board members W. Boron, Editor, and G. H. Giebisch, Associate Editor, hold an annual meet- ing in the United States for the American Board that is made up of eight regular members and six represen- Oxford meeting: Left to right: K.Sandvig (Norway), E. Carmeliat (Belgium), J., tatives of other societies, as well as Lopez-Barneo (Spain), W. Boron (Editor, U.S.), U. Pohl (European Chairman, three corresponding members repre- Germany ), C. Weller (Assistant to European Editor), M..Jeannerod (France), B. senting Australia/New Zealand, Latin Rauner (Publications Manager, APS), T. Clausen (Denmark), C. Boyd (U.K.), L. Strohmeier (Assistant to Editor). C.Bauer also attended the meeting. America, and Japan. In June 1998, the American Board met in Mesquite, Nevada. Together with the European Committee, the journal is able to pro- The European Committee, under the the Committee met in Oxford, in June, vide cross disciplinary coverage that Chairmanship of U.Pohl from Munich, and the meeting was hosted by C.A.R. spans the full range of physiology spe- Germany, meets once a year in Europe. Boyd. cialities and present the major work The meeting is hosted in turn by mem- The Journal published a supplement being performed in physiology labora- bers of a Committee that includes repre- with the January 1999 issue, “The tories all around the world. sentatives from eight countries. In 1998 Physiology of Cystic Fibrosis” (Guest Editor, Ray Frizzell), which is being offered for separate purchase. At both the meetings in Oxford and Mesquite, the board members reviewed the status of all outstanding reviews, making decisions on whether deadlines should be extended or if an article should be considered “dead”. The editor maintains a history of each invited man- uscript on a centralized database, which is updated during the meetings. Not all authors honor their commitment and some only do so after a long delay, which makes the task of maintaining a steady flow of published manuscripts a real challenge. All board members bring 3-5 suggestions for new reviews and Mesquite meeting: Back Row: R. Aldrich, C. Hartzell, G. Giebisch, R. Nicholl, P. recommendations for authorship. Each Gage, P. Pilch, U. Pohl, A. Noma, A. Cowley, J. Wright,. Middle row: L. board member is responsible for shep- Strohmaier, B. Rauner, W. Visek, S. Hamilton, W. Chin. Front row: J.Lippincott- herding his/her assigned invitations Schwartz, N. Rosenthal, W.Boron. through the review and revision process. ❖

14 The Physiologist Committee News

Introducing Dale Benos, APS Publications Committee Chair On January 1, 1999, Dale J. Benos appointed chairman of that department role of cytokines and gp120, the major succeeded Leonard (Rusty) Johnson in September 1996. envelope glycoprotein of the human as Chairman of the APS Publications Benos directs an active laboratory immunodeficiency virus (HIV), on Committee. Benos served as Editor of that focuses on the biochemical, bio- astrocyte ion and solute transport func- AJP:Cell Physiology for six years tion, in the hope of evaluating potential (1990-1996), Chairman of the Awards mechanisms involved in the pathogene- Committee for one year (1988), and sis of HIV-associated cognitive/motor was a member of the Publications complex, a frequent manifestation of Committee for two years (1995-1997) HIV infection. He has also worked on prior to election to the APS Council in problems of salt and water transport in 1997. As Chairman of the Publications invertebrates and fish, investigated the Committee, Benos will also serve as cation transport properties of mam- Chairman of the Joint Managing Board malian erythrocytes, preimplantation of the APS and IUPS. mammalian blastocytes and sperm, and Benos received much of his training studied the metabolic actions of antifer- under two past presidents of the tility agents in cultured cells and in vivo American Physiological Society. systems. Studying under Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, One of his major goals as Chairman he earned a bachelor’s degree in biolo- of the Publications Committee will be gy (1972) at Case Western Reserve to guide successfully the APS journals’ University, Cleveland, Ohio. In 1976 he transition from print to on-line publica- received his PhD degree from Duke Dale Benos tions, while at the same time enhancing University in the Department of the scientific stature of the publications Physiology and Pharmacology, where physical, and molecular biological char- program. He will take an active role in his thesis advisor was Daniel C. acterization of amiloride-sensitive Na+ the recruitment of new journal editors Tosteson. Following two years of post- channels that are present in the apical and participate heavily in the anticipat- doctoral study at Duke, Benos joined membranes of Na+-reabsorbing epithe- ed launching of the newest APS journal, the faculty at Harvard Medical School, lia such as renal collecting tubules and Physiological Genomics. Benos extends where he was assistant and associate alveolar epithelia, secretory epithelial an open invitation to all society mem- professor and an Andrew W. Mellon Cl- channels, including CFTR, whose bers to provide comments, criticisms, Scholar. In 1985 he moved to the regulation is compromised in cystic and suggestions as to the quality of the Department of Physiology and fibrosis, and voltage-independent K+ publications program and how the Biophysics at the University of channels in mammalian astrocytes. In Society’s publications may better serve Alabama at Birmingham. He was addition, his laboratory is studying the the needs of the APS community. ❖

Call for Nominations For the Editorship of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Nominations are invited for the editorship of the American Dr. Dale J. Benos Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Publications Department Physiology to succeed D. Eugene Rannels, Jr., who will American Physiological Society complete his term as Editor on December 31, 1999. The 9650 Rockville Pike Publications Committee plans to interview candidates in the Bethesda, MD 20814-3991 Spring of 1999. Applications should be received by March 1, 1999. Nominations, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to the Chair of the Publications Committee:

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 15 Committee News

Introducing Judith Neubauer, APS Program Committee Chair

Effective August 1998, Judith A. gram changes have been evolving over anism that has been developed to solic- Neubauer succeeded Ethan Nadel as the the past few years, thanks to efforts ini- it abstracts from the membership chair of the APS Program Committee. tiated under the leadership of Ethan around a highlighted keynote speaker in Neubauer has served on the Program Nadel, in conjunction with the Society’s an emergent hot topic in the field. Other Committee for three years and has been leadership, including a Blue Ribbon program changes have been implement- actively involved with the process Panel called together by Allen Cowley. ed to facilitate scientific exchange at the working toward reinvigorating the pro- These changes will allow the individual meeting including posters unopposed gramming for the annual meeting. APS sections to have more responsibil- by oral sessions, situating the posters Neubauer is an associate professor in ity for developing the scientific meet- among the exhibits and establishing the Department of Medicine with a joint ing. The intention of these changes is to “On-The-Floor” Poster Discussion ses- appointment in Physiology at the sions as a means to cluster posters and University of Medicine and Dentistry of foster active discussion around coordi- New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson nated topics. Other features of the EB Medical School in New Brunswick, NJ. meeting include the Distinguished She received her doctoral degree from Lectureships, the Bowditch and Cannon Rutgers University in 1981 in the fields Lectureships, and the Physiology of respiratory and cardiovascular physi- InFocus program. The Physiology ology. After a postdoctoral research InFocus program at EB ’99 organized experience, she accepted a faculty by APS President Gabriel Navar and appointment at Robert Wood Johnson Victor Dzau will feature four sessions Medical School in 1983. around the theme of “Genomics and Neubauer’s primary research focus Molecular Medicine.” In addition, the has been on studying the effects of Society will also hold the first annual hypoxia on central respiratory neural Walter C. Randall Lectureship in control. Specifically, she has investigat- Biomedical Ethics which will be pre- ed the neural mechanisms responsible sented by Frank Young, the former for the progression from hypoxic respi- Commissioner of the Food and Drug ratory depression to hypoxic respiratory Administration. Neubauer feels that the excitation (gasping). Her current Judith Neubauer changes in the programming process research focus is directed at determin- empower the membership and allow will enable the sections to work with the ing the cellular and molecular mecha- sections the opportunity to create meet- Program Committee to ensure a high nisms involved in transducing the ings within the EB meeting highlighting quality and exciting EB meeting. She hypoxic signal into a excitatory or the best and hottest science in their area. encourages the members to contact inhibitory response in respiratory and As a result of the recommendations, their Section Program Committee mem- sympathetic neurons in primary culture. each section has created a Section bers with ideas for symposia and “fea- Neubauer is very enthusiastic about Program Committee that is responsible tured topics.” A list of the members of the Experimental Biology (EB) pro- for developing a designated number of the Section Program Committee are gram, especially in light of the recent symposia. In addition, the Section available on the Web at changes in the EB program that have Program Committee is responsible for http://www.faseb.org/aps/committee/ recently been implemented. The pro- seeding “featured topics,” a new mech- members/program.htm. ❖ Call for 2001 APS Conference Topics Information on submitting conference proposals can be found on the web at http://www.faseb.org/aps/proposal.htm, or you can contact the APS Membership Services Department at 301-530-7171. DEADLINE: February 15, 1999

16 The Physiologist Committee News

Introducing Terry Opgenorth, APS Liaison With Industry Committee Chair On January 1, 1999, Terry J. Pharmaceutical Products Division. He Opgenorth succeeded Ann Seymour as graduated from Calvin College in Chair of the APS Liaison With Industry Grand Rapids, MI and the University of Committee. Opgenorth previously Illinois, where he received his PhD in served as a member of the Liaison With 1982 under the mentorship of John E. Industry Committee for three years. Zehr. He undertook postdoctoral Opgenorth will be an ex officio member research at the Mayo Clinic with J. of the APS Public Affairs and Animal Carlos Romero and John C. Burnett, Jr. Care and Experimentation Committees. and spent two years as an Assistant Established in 1981, the responsibili- Professor at the Charles Drew ties of the Liaison With Industry University of Medicine and Science in Committee are to foster interactions and Los Angeles, CA prior to joining Abbott improve relations between the Society in 1987 as a Sr. Scientist. His research and industry by discussing problems of has mainly focused on cardiorenal mutual concern; develop new ways that aspects of hormones and factors effect- the Society and related industry can ing vascular function. interact in mutually beneficial ways; The current challenge before the designate a member(s) of the committee Liaison With Industry Committee is to to serve on the Public Affairs and the Terry Opgenorth determine whether a standing commit- Animal Care and Experimentation try on Society committees, journal edi- tee is necessary to carry out the needs of Committees as ex officio members, torial boards, symposia planning, etc. the Society that relate to industry and to without vote; develop a program to with an anticipated effect of attracting consider a revision of its charter to bet- encourage high school and college stu- additional members from industry. In ter facilitate productive interactions dents, especially minorities, to choose a addition, the Liaison With Industry between the Society and industry. Your career in physiology in cooperation Committee has been a strong supporter input into either of these two issues, or with the Career Opportunities in of both the Education and Career any other matter relating to the work of Physiology Committee; recruit mem- Committees’ efforts to develop materi- this Committee, is highly desired and bership from industry. als to foster interest in Physiology as a should be directed to Opgenorth prior to A major focus of the Committee’s career. the EB ‘99 meeting (email: effort over the past few years has been Opgenorth is Divisional Vice [email protected]). ❖ to develop ways of enhancing the par- President of Metabolic Disease ticipation of APS members from indus- Research in Abbott Laboratories,

Moving?Moving? If you have moved or changed your phone, fax, or email address, please notify the APS Membership Office at 301-530-7171 or fax to 301-571-8313.

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 17 Public Affairs

NIH Expands Use of Modular Grant Application and Award NIH recently announced it is expand- that are designed to concentrate the cost request of $250,000 per year, the ing the use of the Modular Grant focus of investigators, their respective modular grant application includes the Application and Award for grant appli- institutions, peer reviewers, and NIH following other features: cations with total costs of $250,000 a staff on the science NIH supports, • A typical Modular Grant Application year or less. rather than on the detail of budgets. will request the same number of mod- In the past, application packets Through modifying the procedure, the ules in each year. There will be no rou- required separate and detailed budget Modular Grant Application will help tine escalation for future years. categories. The revised process, which address the broader NIH goal of reduc- • Application budgets will be simpli- applies to all unsolicited new, revised ing the length of time between applica- fied. and competing continuation R01, R03, tion receipt and grant award. The first full year for implementation R15, R21, R41, and R43 grants and Beginning with the June 1, 1999 of the revised application will be a peri- competing supplements, as well as receipt date, the modular grant applica- od for comment, review and feedback, applications responding to Requests for tion procedures will apply to all com- and A formal assessment of the process Applications (RFAs), involves request- peting research project grants (R01), will follow. For more information, visit ing direct costs in $25,000 increments, small grants (R03), and explora- NIH’s grants web page at http://www. or modules. tory/developmental grants (R21). nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98- The Modular Grant Initiative expands In addition to requesting direct costs 178.html. ❖ the existing streamlining and initiatives in $25,000 modules, up to a total direct

British Activist Ends Hunger Strike British animal rights activist Barry issue. The 46-year-old Horne is serving Horne ended a 68-day hunger strike on an 18-year prison sentence for acts of killed if Horne succumbed. However, December 14, 1998 after a arson. This was his third hunger strike doctors said that Horne had not suffered Parliamentary committee agreed to look since going to prison. irreversible damage to his health, and into the matter of “vivisection,” accord- Significant controversy surrounded his supporters were ultimately forced to ing to news reports. This gesture was Horne’s hunger strike. Toward the end, admit that he had taken orange juice and seen as falling short of Horne’s original his supporters claimed that he was on sugared tea on several occasions during demand that the government conduct a the verge of slipping into a coma and his hunger strike. Other news reports full-scale inquiry into the use of ani- had already gone blind and suffered claimed that Horne ended his strike mals in medical testing. Animal rights irreparable liver damage. At around this because he objected to being cast in the activists nevertheless counted the move time, some animal activists issued role of martyr for the cause of animal as a victory because Horne’s hunger threats that prominent individuals asso- rights. ❖ strike had brought new focus to the ciated with animal research would be NIH Increases Stipend Levels for Some Awards NIH has increased the stipend level The new stipends are effective only gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98- for all individuals receiving institution- for awards made with FY 1999 funds. 161.html. ❖ al or individual National Research Adjustments or supplements of NRSA Service Awards (NRSA) training funded stipends for awards made prior Table 1. New Stipend Levels for NIH awards awards on or after October 1, 1998. to October 1, 1998, are not permitted. Years Postdoctoral Experience Stipend Stipends for grants awarded under the NIH asks that the new stipend levels be Minority Access to Research Career used in the preparation of future com- 0 $26,256 1 $27,720 (MARC) and Career Opportunities in peting and non-competing NRSA insti- 2 $32,700 Research (COR) programs are also tutional training grant and individual 3 $34,368 being increased to $6,780 for freshmen fellowship applications. The stipend 4 $36,036 and sophomores, $9,492 for juniors and increase will be applied to all applica- 5 $37,680 seniors, and $14,688 for predoctoral tions now in the review process. For 6 $39,348 students. more information go to http://www.nih. 7 or more $41,268

18 The Physiologist Public Affairs

OMB to Issue Rule Requiring FOIA Release of Research Data

The federal Office of Management Porter (R-IL) wrote a letter to OMB cation of one portion of the researcher’s and Budget (OMB) was expected to Director Jacob Lew late last year, point- data make the entire data set subject to issue a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking ing out the potential unintended conse- release. Also, if the government provid- by early February to establish a proce- quences of FOIA release of research ed only a portion of the project’s fund- dure for the public to gain access to fed- data. Brown, the Ranking Democrat on ing, will the public be entitled to disclo- erally funded research data under the the House Science Committee, also sure of all project data? How will the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). introduced a bill in the 106th Congress existing FOIA exemptions for “predeci- This prospect created enormous con- to repeal the provision. However, since sional” materials and confidential infor- cern in the academic community over legislation typically does not move mation be interpreted with respect to the problems this would create for fed- quickly at the opening of a new research data? The latter will be partic- erally funded researchers and the agen- Congress, this remedy most likely will ularly important because of the confi- cies that sponsor their work. not become available soon enough to dential information collected for clini- The need to establish a provision for forestall the rule-making process. cal trials. In addition, will the regula- FOIA release of research data was man- NIH Deputy Director for Extramural tions make provisions to prevent partic- dated in a provision that was quietly Research Wendy Baldwin has been one ipants in clinical trials from identifying included in the omnibus appropriations of those who has raised concerns about what treatment they are receiving? bill that was passed in the closing days FOIA release of research data and has Also, how will grantees be reimbursed of the 105th Congress. The provision, spoken out about it on numerous occa- for the costs of preparing data for pub- inserted by Sen. Richard Shelby (R- sions to bring it to the attention of the lic release? Will there be protections AL), gave the OMB until the end of this extramural community. She told one against the use of repeated and burden- fiscal year (September 30, 1999) to audience that the federally funded some FOIA requests as a method of revise its Circular A-110 to provide for researchers should respond quickly and harassing federal agencies and individ- public access to research data. This thoroughly to the regulatory proposal ual researchers? action was taken to settle a long-run- upon its release so that OMB can be The APS Public Affairs Office is ning dispute with the Environmental alerted to its potential consequences. gathering information about these Protection Agency, which had refused Baldwin said that the rule-making issues while awaiting publication of the to release to the coal industry the scien- process will need to address a wide Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. tific data used to justify air pollution range of issues, such as how should Individual researchers also have the regulations. However, the way the law “data” be defined and when should data option of submitting comments on their was written, it applies to all federally be made available. Subsequent informa- own behalf. For further information funded research data, not only the data tion seemed to indicate that publication about the proposed rule when it used to justify regulatory actions. would be considered as the event to trig- becomes available, please contact Once the existence of this provision ger data release requirements, but even Public Affairs Officer Alice Ra’anan at became known, concerns were raised so that will leave unsettled other issues [email protected]. ❖ about the problems it might cause. Baldwin had raised, e.g., what consti- Reps. George Brown (D-CA) and John tutes “publication,” and does the publi-

New Article in FASEB’s Breakthroughs in Bioscience Series When scientists identified Helicobacter pylori as the Bioscience Series. The article, “Helicobacter pylori and infectious agent responsible for the peptic ulcer disease, it Ulcers: A Paradigm Revised by N.A. Lynch,” is available completely transformed our understanding of the microbiol- through FASEB’s Office of Public Affairs (9650 Rockville ogy and pathology of the human stomach. The story of the Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814; 301-571-0657). The entire discovery of this microorganism reads like a chapter taken series of articles may also be viewed on the FASEB Public from Microbe Hunters and is the topic of another in a series Affairs web site at http://www.faseb.org/opar/opar.html. ❖ of articles published by FASEB in the Breakthroughs in

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 19 Public Affairs

NAIA to Petition Congress for Hearings on Animal Extremism

The APS Council voted in December Neuroscience at the School of Office to report to Congress on the “uti- to sign a petition being circulated elec- Veterinary Medicine of the University lization and effectiveness of the current tronically by National Animal Interest of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. laws as a punishment and a deterrent to Alliance (NAIA). The petition calls The NAIA petition is written in the those organizations and individuals upon the Senate Judiciary Committee to form of a resolution. One of its clauses engaged in unlawful acts, including acts hold hearings into “the consequences of notes that “Whereas, many animal of terrorism against animal enterprises.” animal rights terrorism in the nation and rights extremist organizations and indi- It further asks the Judiciary Committee internationally.” viduals are engaging in conspiracy that to direct the Internal Revenue Service NAIA is a self-described “association has directly resulted in increased vio- “to vigorously review the tax exempt of business, agricultural, scientific, and lence against individuals, businesses, status of animal rights organizations recreational interest[s] formed to pro- medical and agricultural research facili- that advocate, support, fund, or engage tect and promote humane practices and ties, government property and breeding in unlawful activities and investigate relationships between people and ani- facilities and farms, to further their and take appropriate action to revoke mals.” NAIA further describes itself as political and social objectives.” such classification when the facts dic- providing “the network, expertise, and In addition to holding hearings, the tate.” The petition also asks the leadership necessary for diverse groups petition/resolution asks the Judiciary Judiciary Committee to consider to communicate with one another, to Committee to direct the Department of increasing the penalties for individuals describe the nature and value of their Justice and other relevant federal agen- found guilty of violating the Animal work, to clarify animal rights misinfor- cies to “constitute a national task force Enterprise Protection Act. mation, and to educate each other and to jointly conduct a study and report to Both individuals and organizations the public about what they do and how the Congress on the extent and effect of are invited to endorse the NAIA peti- they do it.” The current President of domestic and international animal ter- tion. For additional information, visit NAIA is Adrian R. Morrison, DVM, rorism on enterprises using animals,” as the NAIA home page at PhD, a Professor of Behavioral well as to direct the General Accounting http://www.naiaonline.org/. ❖ USDA Proposal to Regulate Rats, Mice, and Birds Expected The USDA was expected to publish a Humane Care and Use of Laboratory extend its enforcement umbrella to rats, notice in late January asking for public Animals. This policy applies to all ver- mice, and birds. comments on whether the agency tebrate animals used in research funded One reason why USDA has not done should regulate rats, mice and birds by NIH and other PHS agencies. The so is a shortage of resources. The under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA). PHS Policy requires that animal care be Animal Plant and Health Inspection Rats, mice, and birds are not current- provided according to the standards set Service (APHIS) enforcement budget ly covered in the regulations that imple- forth in the Guide for the Care and Use has been flat for a number of years, and ment the AWA. When Congress revised of Laboratory Animals. Animal facili- it is estimated that this change would the language of the AWA in 1970, it ties that seek accreditation through the cause a substantial increase in the expanded the definition of animal to Association for Assessment and agency’s workload. Researchers have include “any live or dead dog, cat, mon- Accreditation of Laboratory Animal also expressed concerns about the key (nonhuman primate mammal), Care, Int’l. (AAALAC) must also pro- increased regulatory burden AWA guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or other vide care for laboratory rodents that recordkeeping and reporting require- such warm-blooded animal, as the meets the standards of the Guide. ments for these species would impose. Secretary may determine” when used Despite the inclusion of rats, mice, The APS will study the details of the for research, testing, or experimenta- and birds under these important parallel Federal Register notice when it is pub- tion. The USDA made an administrative sets of standards, animal activists have lished and will formulate a Society decision to exclude rats, mice, and made much of these species’ exclusion response. For additional information birds. from the AWA, which is the primary US about the proposal and how to provide Rats and mice are the most common- law governing the welfare of animals comments as an individual researcher, ly used research animals. They are not used in research, teaching, and testing. please contact Public Affairs Officer excluded from the purview of the Public Activists have tried several times in Alice Ra’anan at [email protected]. Health Service (PHS) Policy on recent years to compel the USDA to ❖

20 The Physiologist Public Affairs

NIGMS Report Tracks MSTP Graduates’ Success

A recent report from the National clinical postdoctoral training; select group of graduates who them- Institute of General Medical Sciences are more likely than most other selves have been shown to be more suc- (NIGMS) assessed the success of the groups to hold academic appointments; cessful than PhD recipients who have institute’s Medical Scientist Training are more likely than other groups to not received NIH research training sup- Program (MSTP) graduates in estab- have received research support (from port. lishing research careers and the types of any source); The MSTP program was designed to careers and research activities of MSTP are more likely to apply for NIH train investigators who could better graduates compared to graduates of research grants, and, when they do so; bridge the gap between basic science other combined-degree or PhD pro- are more likely to be success- and clinical research by providing both grams. ful—three-fourths of MSTP graduates graduate training in the biomedical sci- The data were drawn from existing who applied were successful in obtain- ences and clinical training offered NIH databases, as well as from curricu- ing NIH support; and have more total through medical schools. What began in la vitae provided by graduates of MSTP publications and more publications dur- 1964 with three programs has now programs and members of several com- ing the most recent 3-year period for grown to 32 MSTP programs. Since the parison groups. which data are available. inception of the MSTP, several assess- When compared to other MD-PhD MSTP graduates are also more likely ments documenting the success of the recipients and MSTP trainees who did than PhD graduates to hold academic programs have been conducted, but not complete the PhD, MSTP gradu- appointments and to have received none included graduates of all the fund- ates: research support from any source. On ed MSTP programs, and no recent study are more likely than most other many other measures, MSTP graduates has provided data on the career out- groups to have received postdoctoral do not differ from other NIH-supported comes of comparison groups. ❖ research training support and more like- trainees who graduate from traditional ly to have performed both research and PhD programs. However, the latter is a

G. Edgar Folk, Jr., Senior Physiologist Awards The Online Medical

The G. Edgar Folk, Jr., Senior Physiologist Fund Spellchecker has been set up through the generosity of family and former graduate students and postdoctoral fel- lows to provide modest but helpful assistance to Medical students and authors still senior physiologists, 70 years or older, who no learning their way around the termi- longer have grant funds available to them. nology now have a great resource! The awards, in the amount of $500, might be used for such purposes as attending an APS meeting to Unlike ordinary spellcheck programs, present a paper, engaging in a series of modest experiments, or completing a manuscript (paying the Online Medical Spellchecker isn’t for typists or page charges). stumped by words like “pancreatico- duodenectomy.” Recipients will be selected with the assistance of the Senior Physiologists Committee throughout the year. Names of awardees will not be made public. Try it out at Mary Folk writes that the purpose of the fund is for the Senior Physiologists Committee “to have fun http://www.spellex.com/speller.htm assisting colleagues and for Emeritus APS mem- bers to keep in closer touch with APS.” ❖

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 21 Questions People Ask About Animals in Research With Answers from The American Physiological Society

An eight-page color Why do scientists use animals in research? e available brochur ican . from The Amerociety Do animals have rights? Physiological S Do scientists care about the animals’ comfort?

Are there alternatives to the use of animals?

How are research animals protected?

Where do scientists get their animals?

ORDER FORM SHIPPING INFORMATION PRICING INFORMATION

Name: ______TEACHERS/GENERAL PUBLIC Quantity Price includes s&h (book rate) Address: ______Questions People Ask About Animals in Research ● single copy free ● ______additional copies $0.30 ● 10 copies $3.00 ● 25 copies $7.50 ______APS MEMBERS MAY RECEIVE 5 COPIES FREE City/State/Zip: ______PAYMENT INFORMATION I want to order ______copies at a price of ______.

q Check enclosed (payable to APS) Upgrade to First Class shipment: q Mastercard add $1.00 for orders of <25 copies ______q Visa add $2.00 for each order of 25 copies ______TOTAL: ______q American Express BROCHURE ON WEB Card #: ______Expiration Date: ______The “Questions” Brochure is available on the APS web site in both PDF and HTML formats. Point your browser Signature: ______to http://www.faseb.org/aps/pubaff/animals/index.html.

Mail or Fax to: The American Physiological Society, Public Affairs Office, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. FAX: 301-571-8305. For information: 301-530-7105. Experimental Biology ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC Sections Special Functions Cardiovascular Environmental and Exercise Physiology Dinner Section Program Committee Section Program Committee Tuesday, April 20, 6:45 PM Friday, April 16, 12:00 NOON Friday, April 16, 2:30 PM Old Ebbitt Grill Restaurant Convention Center, Cornerstone Lounge Grand Hyatt, Suite 2 Steering Committee Steering Committee Respiration Steering Committee Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 AM Saturday, April 17, 6:45 AM Grand Hyatt, Wilson Room Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room Monday, April 19, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Commemorative Service for Ethan R. Nadel Cell and Molecular Physiology Section Program Committee Monday, April 19, 6:30 PM Section Program Committee Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C Monday, April 19, 12:00 NOON Friday, April 16, 1:00 PM Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Business Meeting Convention Center, Room 7 Business Meeting Tuesday, April 20, 4:30 PM Grand Hyatt, Constitution A Monday, April 19, 1:00 PM Steering Committee Grand Hyatt, McPherson Square Sunday, April 18, 12:00 NOON Dinner Dinner Grand Hyatt, Potomac Board Room Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 PM Chinatown Gardens Restaurant Tuesday, April 20, 6:30 PM Business Meeting Mayflower Hotel, Chinese Room Tuesday, April 20, 4:00 PM Grand Hyatt, Franklin Square Epithelial Transport Group Steering Committee Meeting Teaching of Physiology Steering Committee Dinner Tuesday, April 20, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Potomac Board Room Friday, April 16, 12:30 PM Tuesday, April 20, 6:30 PM Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Tony Cheng Seafood Restaurant Gastrointestinal Section Program Committee Central Nervous System Section Program Committee Friday, April 16, 1:30 PM Section Program Committee Friday, April 16, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Friday, April 16, 1:30 PM Convention Center, Cornerstone Lounge Business Meeting Convention Center, Cornerstone Lounge Steering Committee Monday, April 19, 6:00 PM Monday, April 19, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G Steering Committee Grand Hyatt, Suite 2 Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 AM Business Meeting/Reception Arthur C. Guyton Teaching Award Grand Hyatt, Suite 2 Presentation Tuesday, April 20, 6:15 PM Reception Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I Monday, April 19, 7:00 PM Monday, April 19, 6:30 PM Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G Grand Hyatt, Farragut Square History of Physiology Group Dinner Lecture and Luncheon Monday, April 19, 8:15 PM Comparative Physiology Sunday, April 18, 12:15 PM John Harvard Brew House Restaurant Steering Committee Chinatown Gardens Restaurant Monday, April 19, 12:00 NOON Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis Grand Hyatt, Wilson Room Neural Control and Autonomic Section Program Committee Business Meeting, Social, Scholander Awards Regulation Friday, April 16, 1:30 PM Monday, April 19, 5:30 PM Steering Committee Grand Hyatt, Suite 1 Convention Center, Room 13 Monday, April 19, 7:30 AM Steering Committee Grand Hyatt, Potomac Board Room Tuesday, April 20, 7:00 AM Endocrinology and Metabolism Grand Hyatt, Potomac Board Room Steering Committee Renal Luncheon and Business Meeting Sunday, April 18, 12:00 NOON Section Program Committee Grand Hyatt, Bulfinch Room Friday, April 16, 12:00 NOON Sunday, April 18, 11:00 AM Convention Center, Cornerstone Lounge Caracalla Ristorante Reception Monday, April 19, 6:30 PM Steering Committee Grand Hyatt, Franklin Square Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Suite 2

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 23 Experimental Biology ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

PHYSIOLOGY IN PERSPECTIVE: HENRY PICKERING BOWDITCH THE WALTER B. CANNON AWARD LECTURE AWARD LECTURE (SUPPORTED BY THE GRASS FOUNDATION) Howard J. Jacob Medical College of Wisconsin Aubrey E. Taylor University of South Alabama

End Stage Renal Disease: Starling’s Hypothesis of Of Rat and Man Transcapillary Fluid Exchange: Then, Now, and the Future MONDAY, APRIL 19, 5:15 PM GRAND HYATT HOTEL, SATURDAY, APRIL 17, 5:15 PM INDEPENDENCE A GRAND HYATT HOTEL, INDEPENDENCE A Distinguished Lectureships JOSEPH ERLANGER ORACE AVENPORT DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP H W. D ISTINGUISHED ECTURESHIP OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS D L OF THE ASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM SECTION G SECTION William D. Willis, Jr. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Irwin Arias Tufts University The Role of Signal Transduction The Bile Canaliculus: Pathways in Central Biology and Pathobiology Sensitization of Spinothalamic Tract Neurons SUNDAY, APRIL 18, 8:30 AM WASHINGTON CONVENTION SUNDAY, APRIL 18, 8:30 AM CENTER, ROOM 20/21/22 GRAND HYATT HOTEL, CONSTITUTION A CARL LUDWIG ROBERT M. BERNE DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP THE NEURAL CONTROL AND OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC REGULATION SECTION SECTION Brian R. Duling Robert D. Foreman University of Virginia University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Cell-Cell Communications in the Vessel Wall: Who's Talking, Central and Autonomic Neural Who's Listening? Mechanisms of Angina Pectoris SUNDAY, APRIL 18, 11:15 AM GRAND HYATT HOTEL, SUNDAY, APRIL 18, 2:30 PM INDEPENDENCE A GRAND HYATT HOTEL, CONSTITUTION A

AUGUST KROGH HUGH DAVSON DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE COMPARATIVE OF THE CELL AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY SECTION PHYSIOLOGY SECTION Donald C. Jackson Brown University Jens Christian Skou University of Aarhus, Denmark Living Without Oxygen: Lessons From the Freshwater The Identification of the Turtle Sodium-Potassium Pump

MONDAY, APRIL 19, 11:15 AM MONDAY, APRIL 19, 8:30 AM GRAND HYATT HOTEL, GRAND HYATT HOTEL, INDEPENDENCE A CONSTITUTION B

24 The Physiologist Experimental Biology ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

ERNEST H. STARLING SOLOMON A. BERSON DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE WATER AND OF THE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS METABOLISM SECTION SECTION Leonard S. Jefferson Alan Kim Johnson Hershey Medical Center, University of Iowa Pennsylvania State University Parallel and Complementary Protein Metabolism and its Neural Mechanisms in the Regulation by Hormones and Maintenance of Body Fluid Nutrients and Cardiovascular Homeostasis MONDAY, APRIL 19, 2:30 PM GRAND HYATT HOTEL, TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 8:30 AM CONSTITUTION A GRAND HYATT HOTEL, CONSTITUTION A

EDWARD F. ADOLPH CARL W. GOTTSCHALK DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL OF THE RENAL SECTION AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION Dennis Brown Massachusetts General John O. Holloszy Hospital Washington University Modulation of Membrane Regulation of Carbohydrate Structure and Function in Metabolism in Muscle During Transporting Epithelia: When and After Exercise Cell Biology Meets Physiology

TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 11:15 AM TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 11:15 AM WASHINGTON CONVENTION GRAND HYATT HOTEL, CENTER, ROOM 20/21/22 INDEPENDENCE A

JULIUS H. COMROE, JR. DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE RESPIRATION SECTION

Richard C. Boucher University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Mysteries of Thin Film: Airway Surface Liquid

TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 2:30 PM GRAND HYATT HOTEL, CONSTITUTION A

Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics Dorothy Dillon Eweson Lecture Series (sponsored by Taylor University) on the Advances in Aging Research (SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN Frank E. Young FEDERATION FOR AGING Former Commissioner of RESEARCH) FDA; Assistant Surgeon General Edward J. Masoro University of Texas Health Biomedical Ethics in the Science Center, San Antonio 21st Century: Human Cloning and Embryo Dietary Restriction in the Manipulation Rodent Model: Insights on the Biology of Aging MONDAY, APRIL 19, 12:45 PM WASHINGTON CONVENTION SUNDAY, APRIL 18, 12:45 PM CENTER, ROOM 20/21/22 WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER, ROOM 20/21/22 Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 25 Experimental Biology ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC Committee Meetings

Animal Care and Experimentation International Physiology Porter Physiology Development Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Sunday, April 18, 12:30 PM Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Bulfinch Room Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room Awards Public Affairs Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Joint Program Monday, April 19, 7:00 AM Saturday, April 17, 8:00 AM Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room Grand Hyatt, Farragut Square Career Opportunities in Physiology Section Advisory Monday, April 19, 7:30 AM Liaison With Industry Friday, April 16, 3:00 PM Grand Hyatt, Bulfinch Room Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Committee on Committees Joint With Council Saturday, April 17, 8:00 AM Long-Range Planning Friday, April 16, 7:00 PM Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Monday, April 19, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Farragut Square Grand Hyatt, Wilson Room Education Women in Physiology Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Membership Wednesday, April 21, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room Grand Hyatt, Suite 1

Publications Special Functions

Journal Editorial Boards Group Meeting AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular News in Physiological Sciences Saturday, April 17, 3:00 PM Physiology Editor and Associate Editors Convention Center, Room 25/26 Editor and Associate Editors Tuesday, April 20, 12:00 NOON Tuesday, April 20, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room AJP: Advances in Physiology Education Grand Hyatt, Wilson Room Editor and Associate Editors Handbook Committee Monday, April 19, 7:30 AM AJP: Renal Physiology Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Suite 1 Editor and Associate Editors Grand Hyatt, Suite 1 AJP: Cell Physiology Tuesday, April 20, 7:30 AM History of Physiology Book Committee Editor and Associate Editors Grand Hyatt, Bulfinch Room Monday, April 19, 12:00 NOON Monday, April 19, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Potomac Board Room Grand Hyatt, Roosevelt Room AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Technical Series Book Committee AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism Editor and Associate Editors Monday, April 19, 7:30 AM Editor and Associate Editors Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Grand Hyatt, Suite 2 Tuesday, April 20, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Potomac Board Room Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology Journal of Applied Physiology Editor and Associate Editors Editor and Associate Editors Sunday, April 18, 7:30 AM Sunday, April 18, 12:00 NOON Grand Hyatt, Wilson Room Grand Hyatt, Cabin John Room

APS Annual Business Meeting and Award Presentations

Tuesday, April 20, 5:15 PM Grand Hyatt, Independence A

26 The Physiologist American Physiological d Society

EB ’99 Program

April 17-21, 1999 Washington, DC APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Saturday, April 17—Morning Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair Theme A. Clifford Barger Memorial Symposium: Genetic Cardiovascular Biology Theme Mechanisms Determining the Role of the Kidney in the Refresher Course for Teaching Cardiovascular Physiology Pathogenesis of Hypertension (sponsored by William F.L. Belloni Townsend Porter Foundation) 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B R.J. Roman & J. P. Granger 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 Journal of Physiology Physiologists and Outreach Activities Directed to Lower Secretion: Mechanisms and Regulation of Exocytosis Primary Grades B.H. Hirst & D.A. Eisner J. Schadt & B.E. Goodman 9:00 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 31 1:00 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B

Saturday, April 17—Afternoon Cardiovascular Biology Theme Acute (Nongenomic) Effects of the Gonadal Steroids “A Call to Activism” Congressional Advocacy Workshop on Vascular Function S.L. Ruhe J.N. Stallone and R.E. White 1:00 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G

Journal of Physiology Microcirculatory Society Secretion: Mechanisms and Regulation of Exocytosis Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation B.H. Hirst & D.A. Eisner and Repair Theme 2:00 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 31 President-Elect’s Symposium: Microcirculatory Studies of Inflammation and Immune Function (An Example of Neurobiology Theme Microcirculation Research Bridging Molecular Biology, Synaptic Mechanisms in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Physiology and Clinical Medicine) M. Andresen & P. Mueller R.F. Tuma 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I 3:00-5:00 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 38

Epithelial Cell Biology Theme Physiology in Perspective—The Walter B. Cannon Regulation of the Epithelial Na Channel Memorial Award Lecture (sponsored by the Grass M.S. Awayda Foundation) 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C “Starling’s Hypothesis of Transcapillary Fluid Exchange: Then, Now, and the Future” A.E. Taylor Experimental Physiology in the Polar Regions: 5:15 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 38 The Historical Development G.E. Folk, Jr. & R. Elsner 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24 Annual APS MIXER Saturday, April 17, 9:00 PM-12:00 Midnight Grand Hyatt, Constitution B/C Cardiovascular Biology, Respiratory Biology, Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation Theme Enjoy sumptuous desserts, meet with your colleagues, and Alterations in Redox State and Cell Signaling dance to the music of “Invitation.” D.G. Harrison 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A Sunday, April 18—Morning

Neurobiology, Respiratory Biology Theme Epithelial Cell Biology, Signal Transduction and Gene The Medullary Raphe: Such an Obvious Role Regulation Theme in Respiratory Control, But What Exactly is It? Asymmetry of Receptor Signaling in Epithelial Cells G. Richerson K. Amsler & P. Wilson 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G

28 The Physiologist APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Horace Davenport Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Cytokines, Nutrients, and Energy Balance Gastrointestinal Section D.A. York “The Bile Canaliculus: Biology and Pathobiology” 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A I. Arias 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 Cardiovascular Biology Theme Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the APS The Bile Canaliculus Cardiovascular Section I. Arias “Cell-Cell Communications in the Vessel Wall: Who’s 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 Talking, Who’s Listening?” Neurobiology Theme B.R. Duling Endothelin and the Central and Peripheral Nervous System 11:15 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A D.H. Damon and C. Hinojosa-Laborde 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E Sunday, April 18—Afternoon

Neurobiology, Respiratory Biology Theme Time Domains of Hypoxic Ventilatory Response: Women in Physiology Mentoring Program Luncheon Adaptive Mechanisms in Short- and Long-Term 12:00 NOON—Washington Convention Center, Responses Lafayette/Farragut Squares T.E. Dick & G.S. Mitchell 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B The American Federation for Aging Research Dorothy Dillon Eweson Lecture Series on the Advances Cardiovascular Biology, Respiratory Biology Theme in Aging Research Gene Transfer to Blood Vessels “Dietary Restriction in the Rodent Model: Insights on the D.D. Heistad Biology of Aging” 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A E.S. Masoro Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 12:45 PM—Washington Convention Center, Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease Room 20/21/22 R. Knopp & T.M. Bray 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C Microcirculatory Society Cardiovascular Biology Theme Cardiovascular Biology Theme Microcirculatory Society Landis Award Lecture The Gravity of Circulation 1:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A H.B. Lillywhite and A.R. Hargens 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I Epithelial Cell Biology Theme + + Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Physiology: Advances in the Characterization of Na /H Exchanger An Interactive Workshop (NHE) Isoforms P. Aronson & M. Donowitz S. Mierson & A.P. McNeal 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 25/26

Control of Renal Function by Cytochrome P450 Cardiovascular Biology, Neurobiology Theme Eicosanoids Genetic Models and Novel Tools: Application of R.J. Roman & J. Imig Physiological Genomics to the Study of Neural Control 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C of Cardiovascular Function R. Davisson Neurobiology, Theme: Signal Transduction and Gene 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Regulation Theme Room 25/26 Joseph Erlanger Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Central Nervous System Section Epithelial Cell Biology Theme “The Role of Signal Transduction Pathways in Central Chloride Channels: Mechanisms and Physiological Sensitization of Spinothalamic Tract Neurons” Functions W.D. Willis, Jr. D. Dawson 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 29 APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Neurobiology Theme Physiology InFocus: Genomics and Molecular Medicine Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Visceral and Physiological Genomics: Launching a New Journal Somatic Pain V. Dzau R.D. Foreman 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A Epithelial Cell Biology Theme Neurobiology Theme Molecular Physiology of Urea Transporters Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship of the APS R. Gunn & J. Sands Neural Control and Autonomic Regulation Section 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, “Central and Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Angina Room 20/21/22 Pectoris” R.D. Foreman 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A American Federation for Medical Research Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair Theme Teaching and Educational Innovation The Road to Apoptosis: Indictment, Judgement, J. Griswold Execution, and Reprieve 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B S. Gupta & V. Dixit 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C American Federation for Medical Research Translational Research in Psychiatry: From Molecular Biomedical Engineering Society Medicine to Clinical Practice Biomaterial Design J. Licinio D.A. Hammer 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E Cardiovascular Biology, Neurobiology Theme Neurohumoral Mechanisms in the Regulation of Blood August Krogh Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Volume and Arterial Pressure Comparative Physiology Section T. Lohmeier & J.T. Cunningham “Living Without Oxygen: Lessons From the Freshwater 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I Turtle” D.C. Jackson Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair, Neurobiology, 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B Respiratory Biology Theme Comparative Mechanisms to Survive Brain Anoxia: Scholander Award Competition and August Krogh Mitochondria to Organism Distinguished Lectureship P. Lutz D.C. Jackson 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation Theme Role of Plasmalemmal Caveolae in Signal Transduction Neurobiology Theme P.W. Shaul Pain and Autonomic Integration 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 P. Mason 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I Monday, April 19—Morning Cardiovascular Biology, Respiratory Biology Theme Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair, Respiratory Biology Controversies in Cardiovascular Physiology: What are Theme the Primary Local Determinants of Vascular Tone? Mechanisms of Lung Alveolar Epithelial Injury W. Chilian S. Matalon & M.A. Matthay 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24

Metabolic and Disease Processes Theme Metabolic and Disease Processes Theme Glucose Uptake by Contracting Muscle Hormonal Control of Protein Metabolism in Muscle G.L. Dohm R.R. Wolfe 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 25/26 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G

30 The Physiologist APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Hugh Davson Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Cell Muscle Fatigue & Molecular Physiology Section T.M. Nosek “The Identification of the Sodium-Potassium Pump” 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B J.C. Skou 11:15 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A Angiotensin Receptors and Signaling: Evolution and Perspectives APS Careers in Physiology: Broadening Your Horizons— H. Nishimura Expanding Opportunities 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E E.J. Zambraski 11:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E Epithelial Cell Biology Theme Families of Sodium-Coupled Transporters Monday, April 19—Afternoon A. Pajor 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics (spon Room 20/21/22 sored by Taylor University) “Biomedical Ethics in the 21st Century: Human Cloning Cellular Growth and Development, Respiratory Biology and Embryo Manipulation” Theme F.E. Young Mechanisms of Lung Vascular Development 12:45 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 J.M. Shannon and Sarah Gebb 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24 Metabolic and Disease Processes Theme Insulin and Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Biomedical Engineering Society J. Avruch Mechanotransduction 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A G.A. Truskey 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair, Metabolic and Disease Processes Theme Respiratory Biology Theme Cytokines and Body Temperature in Health and Disease Highlights—Graduate Student Posters in Respiration C. Blatteis Physiology 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 25/26 I.F. McMurtry & G.S. Mitchell 6:00 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B Metabolic and Disease Processes Theme Solomon A. Berson Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Henry Pickering Bowditch Award Lecture Endocrinology & Metabolism Section “End Stage Renal Disease: Of Rat and Man” “Protein Metabolism and its Regulation by Hormones H.J. Jacob and Nutrients” 5:15 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A L.S. Jefferson 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A Tuesday, April 20—Morning

American Federation for Medical Research Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation and Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair Theme Repair, Cellular Growth and Development, Respiratory Regulation of Cellular Processes by Infectious Microbes Biology Theme C.E. McCall Angiotensin in Normal and Abnormal Growth of 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C Cardiovascular Tissue K. Berecek and R. Levi Physiology InFocus: Genomics and Molecular Medicine 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 31 Cellular Growth and Development Theme Tissue Specific Gene Targeting as a Window Into Metabolic and Disease Processes, Neurobiology Theme Physiological Function Neuroendocrine Determinants of Obesity and Satiety L.G. Navar & C.D. Sigmund J.F. Caro 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 31 APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Epithelial Cell Biology Theme Epithelial Cell Biology Theme Regulatory Peptides, Guanylin, Uroguanylin and Understanding How Cells Sense Volume: New Sites and Lymphoguanylin and their Cognate Receptors Insights L.R. Forte K. Strange 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E

Epithelial Cell Biology Theme Cardiovascular Biology, Neurobiology Theme Mechanisms and Regulation of Epithelial Calcium Is Active Muscle Mass an Important Target Transport: Genetics Illuminating Physiology for Vasoconstriction During Exercise? P. Friedman C.M. Tipton 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 25/26 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22

Cardiovascular Biology, Respiratory Biology Theme American Federation for Medical Research Redox Regulation of Gene Expression in Hypoxia Beyond Chemotherapy: The Scientific Bases for New M.N. Gillespie & B.A. Freeman Cancer Treatments 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G P.H. Wiernik 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Inflammation and Repair, Respiratory BiologyTheme Renal Section Mechanisms of Ischemia Reperfusion: Application “Modulation of Membrane Structure and Function in of Gene-Targeted Animal Models Transporting Epithelia: When Cell Biology Meets D.N. Granger and D.J. Lefer Physiology” 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C D. Brown 11:15 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A Physiology InFocus: Genomics and Molecular Medicine Theme: Cellular Growth and Development Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lectureship of the APS From Genome to Function Environmental & Exercise Physiology Section S. Gullans “Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Muscle 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A During and After Exercise” J. Holloszy Cardiovascular Biology, Neurobiology Theme 11:15 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 Neural Circuitry of Body Fluid and Cardiovascular Homeostasis Tuesday, April 20—Afternoon J.R. Haywood American Federation for Medical Research 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A Public Policy Session: Meeting the Special Needs of the Physician Scientist: Role of the Federal Government Neurobiology Theme 1:00 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E Ernest H. Starling Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis Section Respiratory Biology Theme “Parallel and Complementary Neural Mechanisms in the Julius H. Comroe Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Maintenance of Body Fluid and Cardiovascular Respiration Section Homeostasis” “Mysteries of Thin Film: Airway Surface Liquid” A.K. Johnson R.C. Boucher 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A

Neurobiology Theme Respiratory Biology Theme Vagal Mechanisms in Neural Control Julius H. Comroe Lectureship Featured Topic D. Mendelowitz and A. Travagli R.C. Boucher 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A

32 The Physiologist APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Membrane Trafficking and the Regulation of Ion APS Business Meeting Transport Proteins M. Caplan & J. Lippincott-Schwartz 5:15 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence H/I American Federation for Medical Research Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation VA Career Development Poster Discussion and Repair Theme 6:00 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B Effect of Cardiovascular Disease on the Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle Wednesday, April 21—Morning R.C. Carlsen and S.D. Gray 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 Cardiovascular Biology Theme Sex Hormones and Pregnancy in Cardiovascular Control Mucosal Function, Adaptation and Growth V.L. Brooks & D. Ely C. Cheeseman 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B Cellular Growth and Development Theme Cardiovascular Biology Theme Postmenopausal Physiology Endothelial Factors in Cardiorenal Regulation J. Cannon J.P. Granger & C. Wilcox 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 20/21/22 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) 2: Intestinal Growth Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair Theme Factor and Regulatory Peptide Phosphodiesterases in Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology C. Cheeseman M. Humphreys & T. Dousa 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C Cardiovascular Biology, Neurobiology Theme Remote Monitoring of Physiological Functions Molecular Approaches to Study Cerebral Circulation: D. Jones and P. Butler New Insight into Physiology and Pathophysiology 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24 F. Faraci and D.W. Busija 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution A Physiology InFocus: Genomics and Molecular Medicine Secrets of the Sarcomere Revealed by Transgenesis American Federation for Medical Research and Gene Transfer HIV Vaccine Development: Opportunities and Challenges J.M. Metzger & R.J. Solaro M.B. Feinberg 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence A 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence B/C

Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation Epithelial Cell Biology Theme and Repair, Respiratory Biology Theme Role of Membrane Traffic in Epithelial Transport Transplantation Into the Next Century: Regulation Genetic Engineering and Xenotransplantation R. Frizzell V. Miller and S. Saadi 8:30 AM—Washington Convention Center, Room 14/15 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation Physiology InFocus: Genomics and Molecular Medicine and Repair Theme Genetic Mapping and Genetic Models Physiological Basis of Congestive Heart Failure C.D. Sigmund S.R. Houser 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 25/26 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution B

Neurobiology Theme Respiratory Biology Theme Regulation of Sympathetic Function by Nitric Oxide Second Messengers in Hypoxia J. Zanzinger and I.H. Zucker N.R. Prabhakar 2:30 PM—Grand Hyatt, Independence D/E 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Independence F/G

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 33 APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC

Cardiovascular Biology, Respiratory Biology Theme Cardiovascular Biology Theme Mechanisms Involved in Hypoxic Pulmonary Cardiac Electromechanics: The Development Vasoconstriction: Can Everyone be Right? and Validation of Whole Heart Models E.K. Weir & K.K. Griendling P. Hunter 8:30 AM—Grand Hyatt, Constitution C 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 27 Mitochondrial Maturation and Biogenesis in Striated Wednesday, April 21—Afternoon Muscle M.A. Portman Neurobiology, Respiratory Biology Theme 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 31 Physiological and Molecular Responses of Peripheral Chemoreceptors to Chronic Stimuli Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation G.E. Bisgard and Repair, Respiratory Biology 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 13 Vascular Actions of Nitric Oxide P. Vanhoutte Cardiovascular Biology, Cell Injury, Inflammation 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 30 and Repair Theme Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair Theme Cardiovascular Adaptations and Responses to Ischemia The Neuroimmune Axis in Gut Inflammation: Clues J. Canty to Therapy 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 14/15 J. Wallace 2:30 PM—Washington Convention Center, Room 23/24

Physiology InFocus Genomics and Molecular Medicine Organizers: L. Gabriel Navar, Tulane University, and ExperimentalBiology Victor Dzau, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School d Supported by an Educational Grant from Burroughs Wellcome Fund and Merck Genome Research Institute 99 Sessions: APRIL 17-21, 1999 & Physiological Genomics: Launching a New Journal & Tissue-Specific Gene Targeting as a Window into Physiological Function & From Genome to Function & Secrets of the Sarcomere Revealed by Transgenesis and Gene Transfer

¤ For More Information Contact: Experimental Biology ‘99 Tel: 301-530-7010 9650 Rockville Pike Fax: 301-530-7014 Bethesda, MD 20814-3998 Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.faseb.org/meetings/eb99/index.htm WASHINGTON, DC

34 The Physiologist APS at EB ‘99 April 17-21, 1999 • Washington, DC Public Affairs Sessions Planned for EB ‘99

Have you ever wished that your Congressman or Senator Patent Law & Biological Materials - Unexpected was better informed about science issues? Have you ever Consequences of Exclusive Licensing been in Washington for a conference and wanted to meet with Monday, April 19, 11:30 AM-1:00 PM your member of Congress, but not known how to set up an Washington Convention Center, Room 10/11/12 appointment or what to say when you got there? Panelists from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies Worry and wonder no more! While you’re in DC for will consider the impact that patenting biological materials Experimental Biology ’99 (April 17-21), you can learn how may have on research and clinical diagnosis. Sponsored by to become an effective advocate for medical research. the American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP); co- As you know, Congress provided NIH with an unprece- chaired by Mark E. Sobel and Sandra R. Wolman. dented 15% budget increase for FY1999. The word around town is that it’s likely to be much tougher to replicate this Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics increase for FY2000 and keep NIH on the path to a five-year (sponsored by Taylor University) doubling of its budget. Other federal agencies that fund med- Biomedical Ethics in the 21st Century: Human Cloning ical research face equally difficult challenges. This is not a and Embryo Manipulation good time to rest on our laurels! Monday, April 19, 12:45-1:45 PM Make plans today to attend EB ’99 and join us for these Washington Convention Center, Rooms 20-22 important events: Former FDA Commissioner and Assistant Surgeon General Frank E. Young will give the Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics. Exciting research is taking place in human cloning and embryo manipulation, but the ethical A Call to Activism questions raised by this research promises to remain a source Saturday, April 17, 1:00-3:00 PM of controversy as we move into the 21st century. Grand Hyatt Hotel, Independence D/E In this fun and informative workshop, you’ll learn the IACUC Issues: Panel and Audience Participation “do’s” and “don’t’s” of meeting with members of Congress. Monday, April 19, 1:30-3:30 PM Former Congressman Butler Derrick (D-SC), along with sev- Washington Convention Center, Room 28 eral of your colleagues, will put on a series of skits illustrat- Panelists from academia and NIH’s Office of Protection ing what makes for a good Congressional visit. FASEB leg- from Research Risks will give short presentations on selected islative consultants Shirley Ruhe and Michael Stephens, both issues of importance to IACUCs, followed by audience dis- veteran Congressional staffers, will focus on the best way to cussion. Co-sponsored by the American Society for get your message across, including how to respond to tough Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics’ (ASPET) questions on controversial topics. Refreshments provided. Committee on the Care and Use of Research Animals and the American Physiological Society’s (APS) Animal Care and Biomedical Graduate and Postdoctoral Training Experimentation Committee; co-chaired by Donald O. Allen, Programs in the Twenty-First Century: The Postdoctoral PhD (ASPET) and C. Terrance Hawk, PhD, DVM (APS). Experience Sunday, April 18, 1:00-4:30 PM Science Funding: Congressional Overview Washington Convention Center, Rooms 4/5 Tuesday, April 20, 12:00-1:00 PM Panelists from government, academia, and professional US Capitol Building (To be announced) societies look at employment trends and training issues in the Put your new knowledge and skills into practice! Key biomedical arena, a topic much debated in light of several members of Congress and Congressional staff will make brief recent studies. Co-sponsored by the American Association of presentations and answer your questions. Contact APS Public Anatomists (AAA) and Proctor & Gamble Pharmaceuticals; Affairs Officer Alice Ra’anan (301-530-7105) to reserve your co-chaired by Robert R. Cardell, PhD and Richard L. Drake, seat. Light lunch will be served. ❖ PhD.

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 35 u The Political Game – Winning and Losing Shirley L. Ruhe, SLR Budget and Legislative Consulting Shirley L. Ruhe has more than 24 years of experience in Congressional budgeting and the legislative process, most recently serving as Director of Budget Priorities and Economic Policy for the House Budget Committee from 1987-1994. For the past three years, Ms. Ruhe has put this experience to work as head of her own consulting firm, where she now advises organizations such as FASEB how win the battle of the budget. She developed this workshop to train scientists to be effective advocates for biomedical research.

u Political Advocacy Made Easy Congressional The Hon. Butler Derrick, Powell, Goldstein, Frazier and Murphy Advocacy Workshop At Michael A. Stephens, Vice President, Van Scoyoc Associates Butler Derrick (D-SC) represented South Carolina's Experimental Biology ‘99 3rd Congressional District for 20 years, from 1975 until his retirement in 1995. He now heads the government relations Saturday, April 17, 1999 practice for the Washington, DC office of Powell, Goldstein, Frazier & Murphy, LLP. During his Congressional career, 1-3 pm Derrick rose to become the Chief Deputy Majority Whip, the fifth-highest ranking House Leadership post. His committee Grand Hyatt Hotel assignments included the Rules committee (where he was Vice Independence Room D/E Chairman), Budget, Banking, and Government Relations. Michael A. Stephens was a professional staff member for the House Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Subcommittee for 20 years, and its Staff Director for 6 years. A recognized authority on the Congressional appropriations process, he is frequently quoted by National Public Radio, Science and The Washington Fax because of his expertise in Join us for this special session to biomedical research issues and the NIH. Mr. Stephens currently sharpen your skills as a legislative serves as consultant to FASEB on government affairs issues. advocate for biomedical research. Feature presentation: You will also have the opportunity to applaud your colleagues as they Refreshments will be served. demonstrate the right and wrong ways to meet a Member of Congress.

How to Answer Tough Questions SPONSORS u J.R. Haywood, University of Texas Health Science ▲American Physiological Society▲ ▲American Society for Pharmacology and Center, San Antonio Experimental Therapeutics▲ This segment will focus on how to get the message ▲ ▲ American Society for Investigative Pathology across. It will also provide guidance on ways to handle tough ▲American Society for Nutritional Sciences ▲ ▲ American Association of Immunologists▲ questions that might come up when you meet with Members of ▲American Association of Anatomists▲ Congress and their staff. Special Pre-EB ‘99 Outreach Workshop for APS Members

My Health, My World Certified Facilitators Training Workshop Friday, April 16, 1999 Washington, DC 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

My Health, My World provides multicomponent environmental health sciences curriculum materials and inservice workshops for Grades K-4. Components include: Science adventure story books, Hands-on activity guides for teachers, and Mini-magazines for students. Certified facilitators are authorized to conduct workshops for teachers or students and are provided with:

free printed classroom materials, and hands-on equipment and supplies.

If you do outreach to elementary schools or classrooms, don’t miss this workshop! For more information, see the web pages at http://www.faseb.org/aps/educatn/mhmweb.html

Funding provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, APS, and Baylor College of Medicine. q Yes! Sign me up for the FREE My Health My World Outreach Workshop at EB’99

Name______

Address______

City, State, Zip______

Phone______Fax______

Email______

The workshop is free, but registration is limited. To register, complete and fax this form to: Marsha Matyas, APS Education Office, fax (301) 571-8305. ➧ PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY! Announcements APSElections! Watch your mailboxes. The American Physiological Society 1999-2000 election ballot will be arriving shortly. You will have the opportunity to vote for one ofthe following candidates for President- elect and for two ofthe following candidates for Councillor,as put forward by the Nominating Committee. For President-Elect: For Councillor: Gerald F.DiBona Hannah V.Carey Celia D.Sladek William W.Chin Steven C.Hebert Joseph H.Szurszewski Jo Rae Wright

The deadlinefor receipt ofthe election ballot is on or before March 5,1999.

Second Federation of European Physiological Societies (FEPS) June 30 -July 4,1999 Prague,Czech Republic The FinalAnnouncement and Call for Abstracts has now been printed for the 2nd FEPSCongress. Congress Deadlines The scientific program has been finalized and includes 7 Accommodation Reservation April 30,1999 plenary lectures,21 symposia and 3 workshops,along with Cancellation of Registration June 1,1999 7 poster sessions and 7 oral communication sessions. The Congress abstracts will be published in Physiological Research,and,in addition,the abstracts will be published in electronic form on the Physiological Researchwebsite. Plenary Lectures Copies of the Final Announcement can be obtained by contacting the Congress Secretariat at: J. BureÓ G.E. Bisgard Second FEPSCongress Secretariat P. Jonas M.M. Merzenich Czech Medical Association J.E. Purkyn E. Neher Y. Touitou Sokolsk<31 E.R. Weibel 120 26 Prague 2,Czech Republic TEL:+420 2 297-271 or FAX:+420 2 294 610 Email:[email protected] Current information about the Congress,as well as the Round Table registration and abstract forms,is also available on the Physiome - the Future of Physiology Congress web site:http://uemweb.biomed.cas.cz/FEPS99.htm Chair:R.S. Reneman

Vol.42,No.1,1999 39 Conferences

1999 APS Conference Biology of Potassium Channels: From Molecules to Disease September 22-26, 1999 • Snowmass, CO Snowmass Village

ORGANIZERS: FRIDAY, September 24, 1999 Steve Hebert, Vanderbilt University The Inward Rectifier K+ Channel Family Gerhard Giebisch, Yale University Lily Jan, UCSF + STEERING COMMITTEE: Session 3: K Channel-Assocated Protein Rainer Greger, Univ. of Freiburg, Germany, and Lydia Bryan, Richard Aldrich, Stanford University Baylor Univ. David Clapham, Children’s Hospital/Harvard Med. School Speakers: Jochen Roper, Newham General Hospital, Lily Jan, University of California, San Francisco London; David Bredt, UCSF; Joseph Bryan, Baylor Univ. Olaf Pongs, Institut fur Neurale Signalverarbeitung Francis Ashcroft, Oxford University Session 4: Assembly of K+ Channels Fred Sigworth, Yale University Ramon Latorre, CECS, Santiago, Chile, and Lily Jan, UCSF Lawrence Palmer, Cornell University Speakers: James S. Trimmer, SUNY at Stony Brook; Diane Papazian, UCLA; Senyon Choe, Salk Institute This meeting on the broad topic of K+ channels will promote dissemination of current and evolving information/trends as Session 5: Channel Regulation well as foster potential interactions among attendees. Focus WenHui Wang, Yale Univ., and Peter Ruppersberg, Institute will be on gating/regulatory and structural/genetic elements of Physiology, Tubingen, Germany of K+ channels. The involvement of K+ channels in several Speakers: Larry Palmer, Cornell; Steve Hebert, Vanderbilt inherited diseases will be stressed. Univ.; Donald Hilgemann, Univ. of Texas Southwestern.

WEDNESDAY, September 22, 1999 SATURDAY, September 25, 1999 Structure of the Potassium Channel Pore Knockout/Transgenic Models of Potassium Channel Function Roderick MacKinnon, Rockefeller Institute Olaf Pongs, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg

THURSDAY, September 23, 1999 Session 6: K+ Channels and Inherited Diseases High Conductance Ca-Activated Potassium Channels: David Clapham, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Univ., and Structure, Function and Pharmacology Michael Bienkowski, Pharmacia and Upjohn G. J. Kaczorowski, Merck Research Laboratories Speakers: Lydia Bryan, Baylor Univ.; Gerda Breitwieser, Johns Hopkins Univ.; Michael Sanquinetti, Univ. of Utah; Session 1: K+ Channel Gating Richard Lifton, Yale Univ. Clay Armstrong, Univ. of Pennsylvania, and Fred Sigworth, Yale Univ. Session 7: Other K+ Channels Speakers: Francisco Bezanilla, UCLA; Richard Aldrich, Walter Stühmer, Max-Planck Institute, and Gary Desir, Yale Stanford Univ.; Colin Nichols, Washington Univ.; David Univ.Speakers: H. Sentenac, Laboratorie de Biochimie et Clapham, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Physiologie Moleculaire des Plantes, Montpellier; Lawrence Salkoff, Washington Univ.; Michael Lazdunski, Institut de Session 2: The Channel Pore Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne; John Henry Sackin, Chicago Medical School, and Gary Yellen, Adelman, Vollum Institute, Portland, OR; Steve Goldstein, Massachusetts General Hospital Yale Univ.; Nicholas Standen, Univ. of Leicester, UK. Speakers: Benoit Roux, Univ. of Montreal; Hans Oberleitner, Institut fur Physiologie, Munster, Germany; Arthur Brown, Rammelkamp Research Center, Case Western Reserve Univ.; Gary Yellen, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Robert Guy, NIH.

ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels: Structure, Pharmacology and Function DEADLINES Frances Ashcroft, Oxford Univ. Abstract Deadline - June 1, 1999 Advance Registration Deadline - August 2, 1999

40 The Physiologist Conferences

1999 APS Conference Determinants of Vigilance: Interaction Between the Sleep and Circadian Systems October 19-22, 1999 • Ft. Lauderdale, FL Radisson Bahia Mar Beach Resort ORGANIZER: Robert Greene, Harvard Univ.; James Krueger, Univ. of Allan Pack, University of Pennsylvania Tennessee, Memphis

STEERING COMMITTEE: Neuroanatomical Basis of Interaction David Dinges, University of Pennsylvania Gene Block, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville H. Craig Heller, Stanford University Speakers: Robert Moore, Univ. of Pittsburgh; Clifford Saper, Harvard Univ.; Gary Aston-Jones, Univ. of Leszek Kubin, University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Adrian Morrison, University of Pennsylvania Amita Sehgal, University of Pennsylvania Could Interaction be Neurohormonal or Neurochemical? Robert Moore, University of Pittsburgh Irene Tobler, Univ. of Zurich Fred Turek, Northwestern University Speakers: Alexander Boberly, Univ. of Zurich; Jerry Siegel, University of California, Los Angeles Eve van Cauter, Univ. of Chicago; Rae Silver, Columbia Univ. This meeting will explore the quantitative nature of the inter- action of circadian biology and basic mechanisms of sleep THURSDAY, October 21, 1999 and new potential areas of scientific opportunity. We will Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Interaction examine the neuroanatomical evidence of direct connections Steven Reppert, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard between neurons involved in the circadian clock and those Univ. involved in the sleep/wake cycle. There will be presentations Speakers: Allan Pack, Univ. of Pennsylvania; about how the circadian system affects neuroendocrine func- David Weaver, Harvard tion and how such neurohormones might affect sleep. We will address whether the interaction between the circadian and Consequences of the Interaction Between Circadian and sleep system could occur at the level of regulation of gene Sleep Systems: Behavior and Vigilance transcription. Michael Menaker, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville Speakers: David Dinges, Univ. of Pennsylvania; TUESDAY, October 19, 1999 Gregory Belenky, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Evidence for Interaction Between Sleep and Circadian Mary Carskadon, Brown Univ. Systems Robert Moore, Univ. of Pittsburgh Consequences of the Interaction Between Circadian and Speakers: Charles Czeisler, Harvard Univ.; Irene Tobler, Sleep Systems: Other Systems Univ. of Zurich; Dale Edgar, Stanford Univ.; Charles Czeisler, Harvard Univ. H. Craig Heller, Stanford Univ.. Speakers: Virend Sommers, Univ. of Iowa; Janet Mullington, Harvard Univ.; Steven Shea, Harvard Molecular Basis of the Circadian Clock Univ. Fred Turek, Northwestern Univ. Speakers: Amita Sehgal, Univ. of Pennsylvania; Panel Discussion: Where Do We Go From Here? Larry Pinto, Northwestern University; Steven Reppert, Allan Pack, Univ. of Pennsylvania Massachusetts General Hospital; Martha Gillette, Univ. of Gary Aston-Jones, Univ. of Pennsylvania; Gene Block, Illinois, Urbana. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville; Michael Menaker, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville; Jerry Siegel, UCLA; WEDNESDAY, October 20, 1999 Fred Turek, Northwestern Univ. Mechanisms Controlling Sleep: Networks and Systems Adrian Morrison, Univ. of Pennsylvania Speakers: Robert McCarley, Harvard Univ.; Ronald Szymusiak, UCLA; Jerry Siegel, UCLA DEADLINES Sleep Promoting Factors Abstracts Deadline - July 16, 1999 Alexander Borbely, Univ. of Zurich Speakers: Osamu Hayaishi, Osaka Bioscience Institute; Advance Registration Deadline - August 30, 1999

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 41 Positions Available

FASEB Executive Director

Executive Director: The Federation of American Societies of FASEB, providing leadership and direction to approxi- for Experimental Biology (FASEB) invites applications and mately 110 professional, technical, and clerical support staff nominations for the position of Executive Director to begin and managing an annual operating budget of approximately service on or after June 1, 1999. $14 million. The primary responsibilities of the Executive The mission of FASEB is to enhance the ability of biomed- Director include recruitment and direction of key staff, man- ical and life scientists to improve, through their research, the agement of resources to ensure required support for the pro- health, well-being, and productivity of all people. FASEB is grams and activities of the Member Societies, development a coalition of independent Member Societies that represents of new facilities to ensure that the services provided by the interests of biomedical and life scientists, particularly FASEB remain at the leading edge of technology, oversight those related to public policy issues. FASEB facilitates coali- of public policy issues, and maintenance of an effective coali- tion activities among Member Societies and disseminates tion through liaison with various Member Society staffs. information on biological research through scientific confer- Qualified applicant should have executive/administrative ences and publications. FASEB also offers Member Societies experience in planning and resource allocation with a record headquarters facilities and operational and logistic support. of achievement and leadership in management of academic, Founded in 1913, FASEB now includes 17 biomedical and association, or other nonprofit organizations. The Executive life science societies with an aggregate membership of more Director must have the ability to work in a multi-centered than 52,000 scientists. Located on a campus of approximate- environment, a commitment to coalition building, an interest ly 11.5 acres in Bethesda, Maryland, the facilities include in the applications of technology to the management of asso- 128,000 square feet of office accommodation and a confer- ciations, and familiarity with public policy issues of impor- ence center accommodating meetings of up to 150 partici- tance to biomedical and life scientists. Qualified candidates pants. A plan to explore expansion of the facilities by new should send resume with covering letter in confidence by construction providing 42,000 additional square feet of office March 15, 1999 to: William R. Brinkley, PhD, FASEB space has been approved. President, Attn: Human Resources, 9650 Rockville Pike, The Executive Director reports directly to the President and Bethesda, MD 20814. Fax: 301-571-0684. [EOE] Board of Directors and serves as the Chief Operating Officer

APS Publications Manager (Director of Publications)

Publications Manager (Director of Publications): The ing, and composition; experience with production services American Physiological Society seeks an experienced indi- and contracts required for a major publication; an under- vidual to manage all of the Society’s prestigious print and standing of ethical standards in the field of biomedical pub- online peer-reviewed biomedical journals, including the 10 lishing; and experience in the financial management and bud- monthly research journals and 2 review journals, totaling getary requirements associated with a major publication pro- almost 40,000 pages. The Publications Manager serves as the gram. Demonstrated management experience required for the chief liaison to the Publications Committee, Journal Editors, supervision of a 40-person staff. Excellent communications, and Editorial Boards and prepares an annual report for writing/editing, computer, and management skills required. Council. The Publications Manager also acts as liaison with Competitive salary and excellent benefits and work environ- Oxford University Press in the management of the Society’s ment are offered. Travel (domestic and foreign) is required at book program. Candidates must have significant experience publications/journal-related meetings. Deadline for applica- (5-10 years) in the management of peer-reviewed tions is March 1, 1999. Send resume and cover letter, includ- medical/biomedical journals; working knowledge of elec- ing salary requirement to: FASEB, Human Resources, 9650 tronic publishing; comprehensive understanding of editorial Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814. Fax: 301-571-0684. services required for manuscript review, tracking, copy edit [EOE]

42 The Physiologist Positions Available

Postdoctoral/Research Associate Positions: Two NIH- and Postdoctoral Position: An NIH-supported position is avail- AHA-supported postdoctoral or research associate positions able to study regulation of ion transport in gastrointestinal are available to study the molecular mechanism(s) of com- epithelia using patch-clamp and imaging techniques. plement activation following ischemia and reperfusion Experience with either patch-clamp recording or imaging of injury. Successful candidates must have a PhD and have fluorescent dyes is preferable. The Department of experience in protein biochemistry and/or molecular biology. Physiology and Biophysics at Wright State University offers Experience in epitope mapping, DD-RT-PCR, and/or cloning an excellent training environment, providing interactions are desired. Positions will remain open until filled. Please with related labs studying ion channel/transporter structure submit a curriculum vitae and the names of three references and regulation. Interested persons should send a curriculum to: Gregory L. Stahl, PhD, Center for Experimental vitae, including a statement of your research interests, along Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Anesthesia, Brigham with names and addresses of 3 references to: Dan R. Halm, and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis PhD, Wright State University, Department of Physiology and Street, Boston, MA 02115. Fax: 617-278-6957. Biophysics, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton OH 45435. FAX: (937) 775-3769. E-mail: [email protected] Review begins 1/8/99. [EOE/AA] Dean, School of Health Related Professions: The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, invites nominations and applications for the position of Dean of the School of Health Related Professions. The preferred starting Postdoctoral Position Available: NIH Intramural Training date is July 1, 1999. Reporting to the Vice President for Award or Visiting Fellow at the National Institute of Health Affairs and to the Provost, the Dean is responsible for Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of the academic and administrative leadership of three depart- Pharmacology and Chemistry (LPC), Research Triangle ments with 39 full-time faculty members, 550 students, and Park, NC, in the laboratory of Dr. John B. Pritchard, Chief, a total annual budget of approximately $4 million. In addi- LPC. The position is available as of January 1, 1999. Salary tion the Dean will be responsible for representing the School is based on experience: new PhDs, $26,500/yr; previous to the university and its individual constituencies in Western postdoctoral experience, range increases by $1,500 for each New York and particularly those in the City of Buffalo. year of relevant postdoctoral experience. The position is Candidates should have earned a doctorate in a health-relat- open to applicants with a PhD, MD, DVM, etc., and less than ed profession and be eligible for a faculty appointment at the 5 years of postdoctoral experience. Research focus is on the level of Professor with tenure. Candidates should possess mechanisms and energetics of renal organic anion and cation successful administrative experience and interests related to secretory systems. These systems are critical in protection organizations and/or educational programs in university set- against the toxic effects of many xenobiotics, including tings, including personnel and financial management; com- drugs, environmental chemicals, and their metabolites. mitment to excellence in teaching, research, and service; Current emphasis is on the regulatory control of transport; knowledge of and commitment to interdisciplinary collabo- coordination of basolateral, luminal, and intracellular events ration and to urban issues associated with the health-related during secretion; and the molecular biology of these systems. professions; excellent communication and human relations Techniques routinely used in the laboratory include isolated skills; commitment to student achievement and faculty membrane vesicles, cultured cells, molecular biology, and development; a record of intellectual contributions to a imaging. Current emphasis is on the molecular characteriza- health-related discipline; and evidence of effective commu- tion of transport proteins responsible for drug and xenobiot- nity involvement and innovative leadership. Compensation is ic elimination (e.g., J. Biol. Chem. 272: 30088-30095, 1997). competitive. Review of applications will begin on March 1, Comparative models from crustaceans and teleost fish are 1999 and continue until the position is filled. The applicant used in addition to standard mammalian model systems. See should submit a resume accompanied by the names, tele- Physiol. Rev. 73:765-796, 1993 for summary of research in phone and fax numbers, and email addresses of three refer- this area. Specific requirements: training and experience in ences to: Lawrence Shulman, MSW., EdD, Search molecular biology is expected; knowledge of the physiology Committee Chair, Professor and Dean, School of Social and biochemistry of membrane transport is preferred. Send Work, 359 Baldy Hall, State University of New York at inquiries (include curriculum vitae and summary of research Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1050 (http://wings.buffalo.edu/ interests) to: Dr. John B. Pritchard (MD F1-03), National academic/department/hrp). We encourage applications from Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory Pharma- minority and women candidates and from professionals with cology and Chemistry, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. disabilities. [EOE/AA] Fax: 919-541-3757; email: [email protected].

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 43 Positions Available

Cardiovascular Research Associate Position: Full-time Postdoctoral position: A postdoctoral position is available position available at the University of South Florida College immediately under the direction of Harold Schultz in the of Medicine in Tampa, FL. The position is available in a mul- Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University tidisciplinary cardiovascular research laboratory with inter- of Nebraska Medical Center to study cardiovascular reflexes ests in the effects of neuropeptides, natriuretic peptides, and in animal models of heart failure. Emphasis is placed on allosteric enhancers of adenosine receptor agonists. A PhD or electrophysiological measurements of chemoreceptor and extensive experience in cardiovascular physiology is sympathetic nerve activities and ion channel function in glo- required. Submit resume and the names of three references to mus/nerve cells. Applicants should have a PhD in physiolo- Dr. Robert J. Henning, c/o Cardiovascular Research Group gy, cell or molecular biology, or related fields and have no (Robert J. Henning, Ray Olsson, David L. Vesely), University more than five years of postdoctoral experience. Salary will of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. be commensurate with experience. Please send curriculum Downs Blvd., MDC 19, Tampa, FL 33612. Tel: 813-978- vitae and names of three references to: Harold D. Schultz, 5873; TDD: 813-974-2218; fax: 813-978-5884. Position is to PhD, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University be filled on or before June 30, 1999. This is a nontenure posi- of Nebraska Medical Center, 984575 Nebraska Medical tion. [EO/EA/AA] Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4575. Minorities and women are encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA]

Postdoctoral Research Associate: A postdoctoral posi- tion, funded by a grant-in-aid from the American Heart Tenured/Tenure-Track Position Association (national), is now available to investigate pace- in Muscle and Motility: The maker mechanisms in the sinoatrial node. The position is Laboratory of Physical Biology funded for 3 years at a beginning salary of $27,000 plus at the National Institute of $8,505 in fringe benefits. After 2 years, the position can be Arthritis and Musculoskeletal upgraded to Research Instructor in the Department of Skin Diseases, National Institutes Physiology if, at that time, the applicant chooses to apply for of Health invites applications to a his/her own research grant. The goal is to determine the tenure-track or tenured Investi- mechanisms that underlie ischemia-induced changes in spon- gator position. Candidates should taneous electrical activity. Single pacemaker cells are isolat- have a PhD or MD degree with at ed from the rabbit sinoatrial node and, after 1-4 days in cul- least three years of postdoctoral experience and an excep- ture, are exposed acutely to ischemic-like conditions. tional publication record. We are seeking an independent and Measurements of either membrane potential or transmem- interactive individual who applies modern molecular, cellu- brane currents, simultaneously with Indo-1 or SNARF-1 flu- lar and genetic techniques to the investigation of fundamen- orescence, are used to correlate alterations of electrophysio- tal problems in development and cell biology of muscle and logical properties with the elevation of intracellular Ca or H. motile systems. We wish to complement LPB’s existing A set-up for such measurements is available full-time. The strength in the biophysics, biochemistry and cell and molec- applicant will also have access to a BioRad 1024 confocal ular biology of muscle systems. The appointee is expected to microscope with a flash photolysis attachment as well as establish a vigorous research program and to participate in facilities for molecular biology procedures in the Department the mentoring of postdoctoral fellows. The newly renovated of Physiology. For more information, visit http://phy025.lubb. LPB has state of the art research core facilities and a dynam- ttuhsc.edu. Applicants should have a PhD and/or MD as well ic research environment. Excellent opportunities exist for as considerable experience with whole cell patch-clamp strong collaborations with other intramural biomedical and techniques (preferably perforated patch). Applicants should clinical scientists. LPB will move into a new research build- send a curriculum vitae, a description of research interests ing in year 2000. Candidates should forward their curriculum and experience with electrophysiological techniques (1-2 vitae, names of three references and a brief statement of pages), and the names and addresses of three references to: future research plans to: Linda Peterson, Secretary to Richard D. Nathan, PhD, Department of Physiology, Texas Scientific Director, NIAMS, NIH, Building 10, Room Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 Fourth Street, 9N228, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1820. Lubbock, TX 79430. Tel: (806) 743-2536; fax: (806) The deadline of application is March 1,1999. [EOE] 743-1512; email: [email protected].

44 The Physiologist Positions Available

Faculty position in integrative biology (functional analy- Assistant Research Scientist: The University of Iowa sis of genetically engineered animals): The Department of College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Physiology at the University of Michigan seeks to recruit a Cardiovascular Diseases Division is seeking an Assistant tenure-track, junior faculty member who uses modern tools Research Scientist to perform basic research to advance of genetic engineering (gene targeting/transgenesis/gene knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in transfer) to study physiological processes in the context of the function of baroreceptor and cardiac neurons and to map the whole animal. The new faculty member will also con- the neuroanatomical pathways of these neurons in vivo. The tribute to the teaching mission of the department. In addition work will require expertise in the theoretical and method- to a competitive start-up package, the successful candidate ological aspects of cellular electrophysiology and confocal will play an important role in a new interdepartmental Center microscopy. This position requires a PhD or professional for Integrative Biology and also compete for a position in the equivalent. A PhD degree in neuroscience and/or physiology University of Michigan’s Biological Scholars program (see and research experience in the area of cystic fibrosis, cellular Nov. 20 issue of Science). Applicants should send 1) a sum- electrophysiology, neuroanatomical tracing methods, and mary of research accomplishments and future plans, 2) a cur- confocal microscopy are desirable. Please send resume and riculum vitae, and 3) arrange for three letters of reference cover letter indicating #39254 to: Carol Wehby, Human sent to: Chair: Integrative Biology Search, Department of Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins Physiology, 7744 Medical Science II, University of Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081. Women and minorities are Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622. [EOE/AA] strongly encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA]

Postdoctoral Fellowship in Somatosensory Neurophysiology: Tenure-Track Faculty Positions: Applications are invited A postdoctoral fellowship position is available immediately for tenure-track positions in the Department of Physiology in the somatosensory neurophysiology laboratory, Program and Biophysics at the University of Mississippi Medical in Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, SUNY at Center. Applicants will be considered at ranks of assistant, Stony Brook. The research is funded by The Whitaker associate, or full professor and must have a PhD and/or MD Foundation to study how populations of cutaneous neurons degree with appropriate postdoctoral research experience. encode noxious and non-noxious mechanical stimuli. Single- Special consideration will be given to candidates with strong unit recordings are made from isolated peripheral nerves in a backgrounds in molecular and/or cellular physiology and rat model. Mechanical stimuli are produced by a computer- research interests that complement existing areas of excel- controlled apparatus that stretches and/or compresses the lence in cardiovascular, renal, and neuroendocrine physiolo- skin. Additional activities include immunohistochemistry gy or the pathophysiology of hypertension and vascular dis- procedures to identify integrin connections between terminal ease. The successful candidate is expected to develop a endings of neurons and extracellular matrix components and nationally recognized research laboratory supported by recording from muscle nociceptors in a isolated muscle- extramural funding and to contribute to the teaching and ser- nerve preparation. The successful candidate will possess a vice missions of the department. The large group of cardio- PhD, MD, DVM, or the equivalent and have a background in vascular scientists in the department offer excellent opportu- electrophysiological recording from axons of single neurons. nities for collaboration at the molecular, cellular, or systems Any engineering training will be a plus, as will experience in levels of integration. For more information, the department small animal surgery, computer programming, and immuno- Web site can be accessed at http://phys-main.umsmed.edu. histochemistry. Send a letter of interest, curriculum vitae, Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a statement of and the names of three references to: Partap S. Khalsa, DC, research interests and career goals, and the names of at three PhD, Program in Biomedical Engineering, SUNY at Stony references to: John E. Hall, PhD, Department of Physiology Brook, HSC T18-030, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181. Tel: and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 516-444-2457; email: [email protected]. Jackson, MS 39216-4505. [M/F/D/V] [EOE]

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 45 Positions Available

Assistant Professor, Physiology/Biophysics: The Associate Director Position: The Cardiothoracic Research Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University Laboratory of Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory of Nebraska Medical Center invites applications for a tenure- University in Atlanta, Georgia, is seeking an Associate leading faculty position at the Assistant Professor level. We Director with faculty appointment at the Associate Professor seek an individual who will complement an existing faculty or Professor level commensurate with experience. Applicants involved in various aspects of cardiovascular physiology with should have a PhD, MD, or equivalent with experience in car- emphasis on neural control of the circulation and/or endothe- diovascular physiology, pharmacology, vascular biology, or lial/smooth muscle function at the cellular and molecular lev- immunology-molecular biology. Candidate should be an els. The candidate should possess a doctorate and at least two established investigator in the areas of surgical or nonsurgi- years of postdoctoral experience. Evidence of extramural sup- cal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, cardioprotection, and port will be an important consideration. The successful can- cardiopulmonary bypass physiology as confirmed by publi- didate will join a department composed of 11 full-time facul- cation record. A track record in grant support is necessary; ty. He/she will be expected to establish a research program currently active grants/contracts support is highly desirable. and teach in one of our physiology courses to either medical Candidate will work closely with clinical cardiothoracic or allied health students. We offer significant laboratory space surgery program. Send a curriculum vitae to J. Vinten- and a competitive salary and set-up package. Please send by Johansen, PhD, Director, Cardiothoracic Research March 1, 1999 a curriculum vitae, statement of research Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, 550 Peachtree goals, and names of three references to: Steven C. Sansom, Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30356. Email: [email protected]. PhD, Chair of Search Committee, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984575 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4575. Two Tenure-Track Faculty Positions: The Department of Minorities and women are encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA] Physiology, Queen’s University (http://meds.queensu.ca/ medicine/physiol/) invites applications for two tenure-track positions in physiology at the Assistant or Associate Professor level. Candidates should have expertise in car- diopulmonary physiology or neuroscience. Requirements include a PhD or MD degree, outstanding scholarship, a Postdoctoral Research Associate: Position is available in strong record of achievement, and the potential to attract the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, external funding. Applicants at the Associate Professor level starting in March of 1999 with research group investigating will be expected to hold national research funding and dis- regulation of leptin production (see Endocrinology play strong potential to obtain career awards at the national or 139: 551-558, 1998) and the role of dietary macronutrient provincial level. The Department’s current research strengths content and composition in the pathophysiology and treat- lie primarily in neuroscience and cardiopulmonary physiolo- ment of obesity and diabetes. The primary focus of the work gy, and candidates should preferably complement these will be to investigate the role of adipocyte metabolism in reg- strengths. Queen’s University is recognized nationally for the ulating leptin expression and secretion in vitro, but there will quality of its undergraduate and graduate programs, which be opportunities for participation in experiments conducted attract outstanding students. Kingston is a vibrant communi- in animals and clinical studies in human subjects. Education, ty of approximately 150,000, which is situated on the shores experience, and skills required include a doctorate in physi- of Lake Ontario at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. The ology, endocrinology, nutrition, biochemistry, or cell biology. University and the region offer an outstanding academic and The position requires experience with molecular biological community environment (http://www.queensu.ca). In accor- techniques. Prior experience working with adipocytes and dance with Canadian Immigration requirements, this adver- knowledge of adipocyte biology is highly desirable. Strong tisement is directed towards Canadian citizens and permanent written and verbal communication skills are essential. Due to residents. Queen’s University has an employment equity pro- funding constraints, applicant must be a US citizen or resi- gram and encourages applicants from all qualified candidates dent. Interested applicants should send, fax, or email a cur- including women, aboriginal people, people with disabilities, riculum vitae; a description of research experience and inter- visible minorities, gay men, and lesbians. The deadline for ests; pertinent reprints; and the names, addresses, and phone applications is March 15, 1999. Applicants should forward a numbers of three professional references to: Peter J. Havel, copy of the curriculum vitae and names of three referees to DVM, PhD, Department of Nutrition, University of Dr. A.V. Ferguson, Professor and Head, Department of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. Physiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L Fax: 530-752-1297; email: [email protected]. 3N6, Canada.

46 The Physiologist Positions Available

Mylan Department Chair and Professor:The School of Assistant Professor in Physiology: The Biology Medicine of the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center of Department invites applications for the above full-time, West Virginia University seeks a Chair of the Department of tenure-track position (pending budgetary approval). Primary Pharmacology and Toxicology. WVU,a comprehensive, teaching responsibilities will be in human physiology; may public,Carnegie Research I University,is the flagship uni- develop courses in a specialty such as comparative physiolo- versity for the state of West Virginia. WVU is located in gy,pathophysiology,or neuroscience. Required:PhD in the Morgantown,a vibrant community in north central West biological sciences and demonstrated ability to maintain an Virginia. Residents of Morgantown enjoy the benefits of liv- ongoing research program suitable for undergraduate/gradu- ing in a city ranked third among most livable small cities in ate student participation. Preferred:College teaching experi- the United States. Candidates should be a senior scientist ence and familiarity with allied health programs. with a PhD and/or MD and have a distinguished record of Applications must be received by February 15,1999. Mail or research productivity,the capacity to maintain a robust extra- fax cover letter stating teaching and research interests (email murally-funded research program,and a commitment to pro- not accepted),resume,and three letters of reference to:Office fessional and graduate education. We welcome applicants of Human Resources,Rhode Island College,600 Mt. from all areas of pharmacology or toxicology; however,it is Pleasant Ave.,Providence,RI 02908,Attention:Physiology anticipated that the greatest growth potential exists in Search. Fax:401-456-8717; TDD#:401-456-8216; Internet: enhancing the research mission of the Mary Babb Randolph http://www.ric.edu. [AA/EOE] Cancer Center or the field of neurosciences. The department is one of five basic science departments in the School of Postdoctoral Position:A postdoctoral position is available Medicine—all of which have strong research programs. The immediately in the Intracellular Regulation Section of the department has 12 primary faculty members as well as sev- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry at the National eral adjunct and secondary faculty members. The department Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,NIH (Research has a strong record of training PhD students and has had an Triangle Park,NC). Our research is focused on mechanisms NIH training grant for over 30 years. Candidates are encour- of drug transport in kidney,liver,and brain capillary aged to visit the department’s web site for additional infor- endothelium (see,e.g.,Physiol. Rev.73:765-796,1993; Am. mation about the department at http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/som/ J. Physiol.275:F785-F795,1998). The ideal candidate would pcol_tox/pcoltox.htm. The successful candidate will have the have a background in membrane transport or renal cell phys- opportunity to guide the department in its role in the imple- iology and an interest in learning and applying confocal mentation of a new medical school curriculum as well as the imaging-based techniques to problems concerned with the department’s research program. This search will remain open cellular and molecular biology of transport and its regulation until filled; however,screening of applications will begin on by xenobiotics,hormones,and intracellular mechanisms. February 15,1999. Applicants should submit a curriculum Salary is based on experience,beginning at $26,500/year for vitae,statements of research interests and administrative phi- new PhDs. The position is open to applicants with a PhD, losophy,and the names and addresses of at least three refer- MD or DVM and less than 5 years of postdoctoral experi- ences to:John B. Barnett,PhD,Professor and Chair, ence. Interested applicants should send or e-mail a curricu- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,c/o Susan lum vitae,a description of research experience and interests Jackson,School of Medicine,PO Box 9000,West Virginia and the names,addresses,and phone numbers of three pro- University,Morgantown,WV 26506-9000. Women and fessional references to:Dr. David S. Miller,LPC,NIEHS, minorities are encouraged to apply. [AA/EOE] PO Box 12233,Research Triangle Park,NC 27709. Fax: 919-541-1898; email:[email protected]. Want your ad sent to over 8,000 people? It’s easy!

Ads are accepted for either positions available or positions wanted under all categories. The charge for this listing is only $50. Positions are published on a one-time basis,and sent to over 8,000 members and subscribers. In addition to being posted here,positions are also listed on the APS Career Opportunities Web page (http://www.faseb.org/aps/position.html) until the deadline for applying for the position passes. If you would like to have your ad listed in The Physiologistor on the APS Career Opportunities Web page,the following items are needed:a copy of the ad,the name of a contact person,and either a purchase order number,cred- it card number (with expiration date and name of cardholder),or billing address. Send the information to Melinda Lowy (e-mail:[email protected]; phone:301-530-7165; fax:301-571-8305).

Vol.42,No.1,1999 47 Positions Available

Assistant Professor (Mammalian Anatomist/Physiologist): Cardiac Gene Transfer Postdoctoral Fellows: Our labora- The Biology/Microbiology Department at South Dakota tory uses DNA viral vectors for studies on cardiac function in State University invites applicants for a tenure-track, 9- vitro and in vivo. We seek individuals with demonstrated month, 100% academic programs-funded appointment with interests in heart or skeletal muscle and with expertise in the research expectations. Instructional responsibilities include molecular, biochemical, biophysical, or physiological sci- mammalian anatomy, other courses as needed, and the devel- ences to join our research group. Applicants should send 1) a opment of upper-level undergraduate and/or graduate cours- one-page summary of research accomplishments and career es in the applicant’s area of expertise. Development of a col- goals, 2) a curriculum vitae, and 3) the names of three refer- laborative research program and pursuit of extramural fund- ences to: Dr. Joseph M. Metzger, Department of Physiology, ing is expected. Earned PhD, DVM, or equivalent degree in 7730 Medical Science II, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, anatomy, physiology, or a closely related area and collegiate MI 48109-0622. teaching and postdoctoral research experience are required. Preference will be given to candidates with demonstrated effectiveness in teaching and high productivity in research, particularly in the areas of gastrointestinal and/or respiratory Postdoctoral Position: NIH-supported postdoctoral posi- physiology using animals compatible with SDSU facilities tions are available to study mechanisms of defibrillation and (e.g., farm animals, rabbits, and rodents). Extramural fund- impulse conduction in the heart in vitro using voltage-sensi- ing experience, the potential and willingness to develop col- tive dyes and high-resolution fluorescent imaging tech- laborative teaching and research programs with other SDSU niques. Experience with imaging of fluorescent dyes and/or faculty, and effective interpersonal and communication (ver- real-time data acquisition is preferable. The Department of bal and written) skills desired. Send letter of application, cur- Cardiology of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation offers an riculum vitae, separate statements of teaching and research excellent training environment, providing interactions with interests, and documentation of qualifications related to the clinical and research staff. Top applicants may compete for a position’s expectations and have three current letters of pro- three-year fellowship, which pays $32,000/year for the first fessional reference sent to: Dr. Mike Hildreth, Department of year. Interested persons should send a curriculum vitae, Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, including a statement of your research interests, along with Box 2014D, Brookings, SD 57007. Tel: 605-688-4562 names and addresses of 3 references to: Igor R. Efimov, PhD, (ADA: 605-688-4493/TTY 605-688-4394). Call or write for Desk FF1, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic additional information. Review of applications will start Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. Tel: March 1, 1999, and the position will remain open until filled. 216-444-5918; fax: 216-445-4167; email: [email protected]; Starting date is negotiable. SDSU encourages applications Internet: http://www.ccf.org/pc/basicep/efimov. Women and from women and minorities. [AA/EOE] minorities are encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA]

Research Fellowship Opportunities in Japan and Korea for U.S. Scientists Graduate Student, Postdoctoral and Senior Fellowships in Science and Engineering

The National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsors long- and short-term scholarly visits by US researchers to universities, For complete information and eligibility requirements: research institutes, national laboratories, public corpora- Visit the NSF Tokyo Office Web site at: tions, and non-profit research organizations in Japan and http://www.twics.com/~nsftokyo/ Korea. Or contact: Japan and Korea Program Available programs include: Division of International Programs Senior Research Fellowships National Science Foundation Cooperative Research Programs 4201 Wilson Boulevard Postdoctoral Research Fellowships Arlington, VA 22230 Dissertation Enhancement Awards Telephone: 703-306-1701 E-mail: [email protected] Graduate Student Summer Institutes Deadline: Deadlines are several throughout the year.

48 The Physiologist People & Places

Kandel to Receive Wolf Prize in Medicine

The 1999 Wolf Prize in Medicine will ing molecular neurobiology to behavior. Kandel received his BA degree from be awarded to Vienna-born Professor He has shown how the methods of psy- Harvard University and his MD degree Eric Kandel, 69, of Columbia chology can be merged with those of from New York University. Kandel has University, New York, for “the elucida- been associated with Columbia tion of the organismic, cellular and mol- University since 1974. He is currently ecular mechanism, whereby short-term University Professor in the Center for memory is converted to a long-term Neurobiology and Behavior at the form.” The prize will be conferred by Psychiatric Institute and a Senior the President of the State of Israel, Mr. Investigator at the Howard Hughes Ezer Weizman, in a special ceremony, at Medical Institute. the Knesset (parliament), on Sunday, The Wolf Prize was established in May 2, 1999. 1978 by the late German-born Ricardo How learning occurs and memory is Wolf, who lived in Cuba for many years stored is one of the major questions cen- and served as Fidel Castro’s ambas- tral to both neural science and cognitive sador to Israel. The Israel-based Wolf psychology. Kandel has helped demys- Prize is awarded to outstanding scien- tify the study of learning and memory tists and artists, “for achievement in the storage by delineating the molecular interest of mankind and friendly rela- mechanisms underlying these process- Eric Kandel tions among peoples.” The annual es. In so doing, he has discovered the prizes, of $100,000 in each area, are molecular switch whereby labile short- biology to endow the study of behavior given in four out of five scientific fields, term memory is converted into stable and learning with renewed vigor and in rotation: Agriculture, Chemistry, long-term memory maintained by struc- explanatory power. His work has influ- Mathematics, Medicine, and Physics. In tural changes. enced the way both biology and psy- the Arts, the Prize rotates among Kandel’s contribution stands as the chologists now think about these Architecture, Music, Painting, and single most important advance in bridg- processes. Sculpture. ❖

APS Sustaining Associate Members The Society gratefully acknowledges the contributions received from Sustaining Members in support of the Society’s goals and objectives.

Abbott Laboratories Harvard Apparatus Procter & Gamble Company ADInstruments Jandel Scientific Quaker Oats Company Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation Janssen Research Foundation Rhone-Poulenc Rorer American Medical Association Kabi Pharmacia Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation Astra Arcus USA, Inc. Eli Lilly and Company W. B. Saunders Company Axon Instruments, Inc. The Mack Printing Group Schering-Plough Research Institute Berlex Biosciences Merck & Company, Inc. G. D. Searle and Company Genentech, Inc. Nycomed, Inc. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Gould, Inc. Pfizer, Inc. Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories Grass Foundation Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc.

50 The Physiologist People & Places

Tracy L. Baker is currently a Doctoral Formerly a Postdoctoral Fellow with Jorgen S. Petersen is now Division Candidate in the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University Director of Pharmacology, Zealand Comparative Bioscience, University of of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Jeffrey Lee Pharmaceutical, Horsholm, Denmark. Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Prior to her mov- Jasperse is now a Postdoctoral Fellow with Petersen was formerly Head of Turbinevej, ing to Wisconsin, Baker was a Graduate the Department of Physiology, University of Hellebaek, Denmark. Research Assistant, Department of Biology, Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Arlington, TX. Moving from the Division of Cardiology, David L. Kreulen, Van Liere Professor and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Having moved from the Panum Institute, Chairman, recently joined the Department Detroit, MI, Jun Ren has affiliated with the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, of Physiology, Michigan State University, Department of Physiology, University of Denmark, Peter Bie is now affiliated with East Lansing. MI. Kreulen was previously North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand the Department of Physiology, Odense associated with the Department of Forks, ND. University, Odense,Denmark. Physiology, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, Arthur M. Spanier, now a Research Josephine P. Briggs has recently affiliated Morgantown, WV. Chemist and Physiologist, Meat Science with the National Institute of Diabetes and Research Laboratory, United States Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Previously a Research Assistant Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Physiologist, Yunn-Hwa Ma was associat- has moved from the Southern Regional Previously, Briggs was with the ed with the General Clinical Research Research Center, USDA Agricultural Departments of Internal Medicine and Center, University of California, San Research Service, New Orleans, LA. Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Francisco, CA. Recently, Ma has joined the Arbor, MI. Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung Jean-Pierre Valentin was formerly a University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. Research Scientist, Division of Shyamal Das was formerly with the Cardiovascular Disease, CRPF, Castres, Department of Pharmacology and Thomas V McCaffrey has moved from the France. Recently, Valentin joined the Head Toxicology, University of Kansas, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Department of Safety Pharmacology, Astra Lawrence, KS. Das recently affiliated with Clinic, Rochester, MN and has joined the Charmwood Safety Assessment, the Department of Infectious Diseases, City Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Loughborough, UK. of Hope National Medical Center, Bellevue, Neck Surgery, University of South Florida WA. College of Medicine, Tampa, FL. Robert M. Winslow has accepted the posi- tion of CEO of Sangart Inc., La Jolla, CA. Now President of TMG Consulting, Mobile, Silvana S. Meyrelles has moved from the He is no longer affiliated with Veteran AL, Thomas M. Glenn was formerly Cardiovascular Center, Hospital Clinics, Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA. President of the University of South University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. Meyrelles Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL. is currently with the Department of Baozhi Yuan has moved from the Physiological Science, Fed U. Espirito Department of Physiology, the University of Guy Groblewski has moved from the Santo, Vila Velba, Brazil. Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI, to the Department of Physiology, University of Department of Physiology, Medical College Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. Recently, Robert S. Moreland affiliated of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI. ❖ Groblewski is now with the Department of with the Department of Physiology, Nutritional Sciences, University of Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA. Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Prior to his new position, Moreland was with the Department of Physiology, Allegheny University, Philadelphia, PA.

APS Society Mixer Saturday, April 17, 9:00 PM Enjoy sumptuous desserts and dance to the music of “Invitation.” Grand Hyatt, Constitution B/C

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 51 News From Senior Physiologists

Letter to Stephen Cain of physiologic and environmental topics via letters to the editors of The FASEB Masao Ito writes: “Thank you very Journal and national newspapers. much for your letter and for inviting me “My non-physiological activities to write about myself as a senior physi- have been diverse. I invest many prof- ologist born in 1928. Indeed, I celebrat- itable hours in our wildflower garden. I ed my 70th birthday on December 4, play an active role in our Retired 1998. As many of my contemporaries, I ment to bilateral collaborations between Faculty Association. We travel for fun am still very well and keeping my activ- our RBSI and other laboratories. and go bird-watching several times a ity. “My autobiography has appeared in year and also participate in family out- “Ten years ago, I retired from the The History of Neuroscience in ings to the beach and mountains. Over University of Tokyo at the age of 60, Autobiography (Vol. 2, 1998, ed. L.R. the years I have purchased books and and then found my second scientific life Squire, Academic Press) in which I put them on the shelf thinking ‘I’ll read in the Institute of Physical and reviewed major events in my life. I that during retirement,’ and now I’m Chemical Research (abbreviated from started my career at the time of the doing it. its Japanese name as RIKEN), estab- epoch-making technological innovation “I recommend active retirement to lished in 1971 and located in Wako, a with glass microelectrodes, and had an everyone. It gets you some (unde- suburb of Tokyo. Presently, I am the exciting postdoc training in cellular served) attention, such as an 80th birth- director of the Brain Science Institute neurophysiology in the laboratory of day party by 30 friends. My retirement which was opened within RIKEN in John Eccles who first applied this tech- is especially enriched by puttering October 1997 (RBSI, see Science 275: nology to central neurons. My experi- around with my great-grandson.” 1562-1563, 1997). RBSI has several ence then impressed on me the impor- unique features such as close transdisci- tance of new technology as a prerequi- Daniel Stone writes: “I became emeri- plinary collaboration between basic, site to scientific discoveries. The subse- tus at New York Medical College in clinicopathological, and computational quent 30 years I spent at the University 1990, but continued to teach for another research fields, openess to the world of Tokyo were also full of thrills such as year. I miss the stimulus and intellectu- (30% of researchers come from findings of inhibitory action of Purkinje al give and take of student and postdoc- abroad), dominance of young cells, cerebellar adaptation of vestibu- toral teaching. researchers, and emphasis on both sci- loocular reflex and long-term depres- “However, my many interests keep entific discovery and technological sion. My experience in these years me busy and content. Photography, the innovation. impressed on me the importance of computer and love of nature have filled “Even though I am busy in directing working hypotheses in leading us to sci- the gap. I am actively working with RBSI, I am lucky enough to maintain a entific discoveries. anti-smoking coalitions, and have lec- laboratory. With 11 colleagues, I still “Looking toward the 21st century, the tured to youngsters about tobacco. I pursue the neuronal mechanisms and importance of physiology in clarifying have also worked with the Lung functional roles of the cerebellum by mechanisms of living bodies including Association, to present scientific pro- combining electrophysiology, molecu- our brain is ever increasing. I wish that grams, and to review grants.” lar biology, biochemistry and behav- challenges will be made in physiology ioral studies. Facilities of the laboratory with the introduction of new technology Glenn A. Langer writes: “It has been are excellent, and if there is any young and new working hypotheses. awhile and it was good to hear from researcher interested in this field, please “I hope that this letter will be of some you. As you can see we have retired to don’t hesitate to ask me (email: interest for readers of The the Mendocino Coast, about 150 miles [email protected]). Physiologist.” north of San Francisco. This is a spec- “I finished my duty of president for tacularly beautiful part of California, the IUPS in 1997, and also for the though particularly wet this year, cour- FAOPS (Federation of Asian Oceanian Letters to Robert Berne tesy of El Nino. We’ve had over 80 Physiological Societies) in 1998, but Grover Pitts writes: “Since retiring I inches of rain thus far this season and still serve as president of FAONS have published two papers, one from counting. But it is great for the (Federation of Asian Oceanian date collected before retirement and the Redwoods! Neuroscience Societies) until the year other from library research. I have done “I’ve been keeping busy since leaving 2000. I have enjoyed being involved in some peer reviewing of manuscripts in UCLA in July. The 2nd Edition of The these international activities very much, the Gravitational Physiology Section. I Myocardium was published last sum- but now I shift the focus of my commit- have also participated in the discussion mer. Another project I’ve had in mind

52 The Physiologist News From Senior Physiologists for a number of years, but had no time start support for educational enrichment Dudley Rochester writes: “I retired as for, was to write a series for the ‘serious (books, calculators/computers, con- Head Division of Pulmonary and lay reader’ currently titled, certs, museums, summer enrichment Critical Care Medicine in December ‘Understanding Disease’. The idea is to programs, etc.) And 1:1 mentoring in 1993 and gave up clinical practice a few present a series of clinical cases fol- the 7th grade and continue the support months later. However, I have continued lowed by presentation, in as non-techni- through high school. The goal is to a few areas of academic activity, main- cal language as possible, of the perti- make these talented kids competitive ly writing some reviews and chapters nent physiology, pathophysiology and for college entry. The concept is that about respiratory muscles, respiratory treatment of the various diseases. The education is the best means by which muscle failure and pulmonary rehabili- first volume, Understanding Disease, these children will become contributory tation. Vol. #1: Cause and Treatment of members of our society in the 21st cen- “In the last several years I helped ini- Problems in the Heart, Lungs, Blood tury. The cost is $8600/student for the tiate a research project to explore the and Blood Vessels is in the agent’s entire 6 years. So far, the program is relationships between dyspnea and the hands and we’ll see if we can get a pub- working. I’m now trying to get some of catecholamine response to exercise, in lisher. If it were to be published and the larger foundations to support expan- collaboration with Drs. Jing Liu and Ali more than my friends and relatives sion of the program in California and Iranmanesh at the Salem, VA Veterans bought it, I would tackle another sys- beyond. Administration Medical Center. It tem, e.g., gastrointestinal. “The most difficult project has been appears that dyspnea and exercise inten- “Another, unrelated, project is a an attempt to resurrect my golf game sity both contribute to the plasma cate- ‘Scholars Program’ for ethnically after a 15 year hiatus. Problem, besides cholamine response to exercise, but it and/or economically disadvantaged the long layoff, is that I’m 15 years seems unlikely that plasma cate- kids which I started while at UCLA. We older. Gives one additional insights into cholamines modulate the perception of have a small pilot program with 15 kids the physiology of aging.” exercise dyspnea.” ❖ in a middle school in Los Angeles. We Books Received

Advances in Modeling and Control of Investigating Biological Systems Using Nutrition and Reproduction. Ventilation. Modeling: Strategies and Software. William Hansel, George A. Bray, and Donna Richard L. Hughson, David A. Meryl E. Wastney, Blossom H. Patterson, H. Ryan (Editors). Cunningham, and James Duffin (Editors). Oxcar A. Linares, Peter C. Greif, and Pennington Center Nutrition Series, Vol. 8. Raymond C. Boston. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State Advances in Experimental Medicine and San Diego, CA: Academic, 1999, 381 pp., University Press, 1999, 443 pp., illus., Biology, Vol. 450. illus., index, $69.95. index, $95.00. New York: Plenum, 1998, 241 pp., illus., ISBN: 0-12-736740-3. ISBN: 0-8071-2306-4, index, $105.00. ISBN: 0-306-46023-8. Life in the Womb: The Origin of Health and Perceptual Neuroscience: The Cerebral Disease. Cortex. BioQUEST Library, Vol. V. Peter W. Nathanielsz. Vernon B. Mountcastle. John R. Jungck (Editor). Ithaca, NY: Promethean, 1999, 363 pp., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, San Diego, CA: Academic, 1998, 148 pp., illus., index, $27.50. 1998, 486 pp., illus., index, $59.95. illus., index (License Agreement Req.). ISBN: 0-916859-56-8. ISBN: 0-674-66188-5. ISBN: 0-12099470-4. The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Behavior Principles of Integrative Environmental The Insects: Structure and Function, Fourth Jay Schulkin. Physiology. Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, G. Edgar Folk, Jr., Martin L. Riedesel, and R.F. Chapman. 1998, 323 pp., illus., index, $37.95. Diana L. Thrift. New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 0-521-45985-0. Bethesda, MD: Austin & Winfield, 1998, 1998, 770 pp., illus., index, $54.95. 500 pp., illus., index, $60.00. ISBN: 0-521-57890-6. Neuropeptides: Regulations of Physiological ISBN: 1-57292-109-9. Processes. Integrative Aspects of Calcium Signalling. Fleur L. Strand. Alexej Verkhratsky and Emil G. Toescu Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999, 658 pp., (Editors). illus., index, $65.00. New York: Plenum, 1998, 408 pp., illus., ISBN:0-262-19407. index, $125.00. ISBN: 0-306-046032-7.

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 53 Book Reviews

Living Eyes to Seeing examples of the techniques various inverte- method they have implemented in a robot brates (including crabs, spiders, snails, bees, and one that should be investigated in Machines flies and shrimps) have developed to capital- insects. Another mathematical analysis of Mandyam V. Srinivasan and Svetha ize on regularities in their visual environ- optic flow is given by Dahmen, Wüst, and Venkatesh (Editors). ments. Wehner recounts how ants and bees Zeil. They propose a set of “matched filters” New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, use approximate methods for dead-reckon- that can determine one’s “ego-motion” ing and orientation from sunlight polariza- (instantaneous translation and rotation) with 271 pp., illus., index, $85.00. ISBN: 0- tion in the sky. These are “low-level solu- a simple analysis of optic flow. Under typi- 19-857785-0. tions to high-level tasks.” Honeybees also cal noise and motion conditions, they show learn to recognize general shapes. Horridge that this is as good as a full analysis. These A recent joke has it that with the advent of reviews a series of careful experiments he results help explain why neurons in the lob- the new robotics, the meaning of “AI” has has conducted recently in bees which eluci- ula plate of the fly have receptive fields in shifted from Artificial Intelligence to date their neural filters for color, orientation both eyes, 180 degrees apart. Cliff, Harvey, Artificial Insects. Judging from the present and symmetry. While their ability to dis- and Husbands discuss their work for evolv- volume, this is no longer funny, but quite criminate orientations may seem limited to ing (with genetic algorithms) simple visual serious. From Living Eyes to Seeing us, their capacity to discriminate patterns control networks. In their future work, infor- Machines demonstrates that research in based on overall symmetry is quite remark- mation about an animal’s behavior will be mobile robotics, computer vision, insect able. Horridge speculates that these sym- used to design the fitness function for the flight control, and the neurophysiology of metric patterns resemble “frozen” optic flow genetic algorithm. The neural controllers motion perception in various animals is fields. that evolve might then be used to understand undergoing a productive cross-pollination Optic flow is the pattern of motion that is real neurons in the original animal. and contributing to our understanding of produced as one moves through the world. Weber, Venkatesh, and Srinivasan per- visual behavior, both natural and artificial. The optical motion of closer objects is faster form what might be called a robo-ethologi- Traditional artificial intelligence dealt than that of farther ones. The motion edges cal study in a small robot that implements a with what were thought to be the highest of objects off one’s path accelerate, while particular theory of obstacle avoidance forms of human intelligence, tasks such as the point towards which one is moving has based on experiments on bees performed by playing chess or solving logical problems. no motion at all. Any agent that can detect Srinivasan and colleagues. While similar Traditional robotics used the same tech- this information can use it to control its implementations have been done by a num- niques for navigation, building internal actions. Thus, a number of chapters discuss ber of groups around the world, including models of the world, and using general plan- ways in which animals and robots exploit myself, this is the first by an insect ning techniques to determine a path. the information in optic flow. researcher. Such illustrative examples fulfill However, while few insects play chess, any- Lehrer describes how bees will change one aim of this book: to inspire researchers one who has been harassed by a mosquito their normal flight patterns so as to pick up to use the tools from different fields in order knows that insect flight control is quite better motion information for the location of to understand how a creature (be it natural or remarkable. These “simple” minds have edges. In addition, bees perform a artificial) can, for example, navigate using solved many of the problems of vision, loco- “turn-back-and-look” maneuver upon leav- vision. motor control and navigation. Robotics ing a goal location. They sweep back and For those familiar with one of these fields, researchers are thus now looking to these forth in a stereotyped way, thereby simplify- the book offers a host of pertinent insights creatures for inspiration and insight. ing the detection of the objects near the goal about the others. For those unfamiliar and However, the contributions go both ways, in order to recognize them upon return. A curious, the book provides a useful intro- as Srinivasan and Venkatesh state in their robot could easily be made to perform this duction by some of the most influential introduction, “In studying natural vision one same maneuver. authors in each of their respective fields. is constantly confronted with the problem of Frost and Sun discuss some experiments While the chapters range from broad ‘reverse engineering’: that is, of understand- on another flying creature, the pigeon, in reviews to detailed original work, each ing why an eye is built in a particular way, or which the neural motion pathways have chapter makes a connection from its partic- why a particular neurone in the visual path- been well studied. Neurons appear to exist ular field to the others, whether it is from way responds the way it does.” Thus, theory that use visual motion information to extract computer vision methods of navigation from computer vision and mobile robotics figures from the background, and others that which may be discovered in insects, or from can help elucidate the functioning of insects signal the time to contact of an approaching insect behavior which could be (or has been) and robot implementations can serve as object for avoidance. Based on similar neu- implemented in a robot. The editors should test-beds for theories about them. This cir- rons found in the optic lobe of locusts, Rind be commended for bringing together such a cular, interdisciplinary approach can result describes an artificial neural network model fine collection of interdisciplinary work. in mutual benefits to all parties involved. that can signal a collision course. However, Hopefully, this book will inspire yet more. With relatively few neurons, insects must not only must an animal (or robot) know economize information processing. The what is coming towards it, it must know Andrew P. Duchon contributions from the insect researchers where it is going. Fermüller and Aloimonos Brown University highlight many of the tricks that insects have describe a simple algorithm for determining evolved. Land and Collett discuss numerous one’s heading from qualitative optic flow, a

54 The Physiologist Book Reviews

Video Microscopy: spread function, etc. These concepts are favor of a more in-depth discussion of digi- important to readers interested in subcellular tal image processing (Chapter 12, 2nd ed.) The Fundamentals, structures or ionic domains in living cells. which is much more commonly used. 2nd Edition The section on generation of image contrast Introduction of basic digital processing con- has also been updated to include fluores- cepts, such as aliasing, jitter, least signifi- cence imaging, luminescence, and differen- cant bit, sampling frequency, etc., is clear Shinya Inoue and Kenneth R. Spring tial interference contrast. Recent develop- without the use of complicated jargon. For New York: Plenum, 1997, 741pp, illus., ments such as green fluorescent protein and the more advanced reader, the classic book index, $95.00 ratiometric imaging are also highlighted. An Digital Image Processing by K.R. ISBN: 0-306-45531-5 additional bonus is that practical aspects of Castleman is referred to and recommended. microscopy such as adjusting illumination, Some errors in the 1st ed. have been cor- The field of video microscopy has made choosing objective lenses, and care of opti- rected. For example, improvement in signal- major advances over the past decade. In par- cal elements are now conveniently grouped to-noise ratio by averaging N frames is ticular, turnkey digital video imaging sys- into a stand-alone chapter (Chapter 3). given by N (p. 529, 2nd ed.), and not 2N-1 tems are now commercially available at rea- Most of the excellent discussions and as given on p. 335 in the first edition. sonable prices. This was not the case when illustrations on video signal fundamentals There are some minor suggestions. I like the first edition of Video Microscopy was (Chapter 5; Chapter 6 in 1st ed.) have been the “old” description of how the vidicon published some 12 years ago when micro- retained with updates on high definition TV tube works (p. 191-193, 1st ed.) better than scope digital video imaging systems were (HDTV). The new table on the World’s the revised version (p. 238-244) in the sec- assembled by experimental scientists from major color broadcasting systems is much ond edition. While VCR and video tape individual parts. They also, more likely than appreciated. Another major welcoming recording received an in-depth discussion not, wrote the acquisition and analysis soft- addition is the detailed discussion of avail- (perhaps too much detail), digital video ware. Improvements in imaging system able solid-state cameras, and low-light- level recording had only a cursory overview. For hardware over the past decade include tran- cameras including image intensifiers. In the the biologists in the readership, perhaps a sition from SIT to ICCD video cameras and first edition, the discussion of video imaging brief introduction to p-type and n-type semi- cooled slow scan CCD cameras, the avail- devices focused on vidicon tubes. By con- conductor, a pn junction and semiconductor ability of more powerful and faster personal trast, there is now an entire chapter (Chapter diode will make it easier to understand computers, more versatile frame grabbers, 7) dedicated to solid-state cameras, the pre- solid-state devices (p. 273). This is particu- as well as cheaper bulk data storage medi- vious discussion on vidicon cameras was larly helpful in the discussion of structure of um. This is paralleled by development of wisely retained in a separate section in simple CCD (p. 284) in which the term more user-friendly software, particularly in Chapter 6 titled “Characterizing Video “doped polysilicon” appeared without any the Windows environment. Thus today, a Sensors.” Basic video concepts such as prior introduction. scientist with little background in shading, dark current, dynamic range, In summary, Video Microscopy: The microscopy or digital video imaging can gamma, geometric distortion, bloom and lag Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, is destined to “import” this important technique to the lab- are clearly explained and give the novice a become a classic reference. Chapters 5 to 8 oratory, provided the up-front financial bur- solid understanding of the meaning of the are “must reads” for anyone interested in den is met. Inoue and Spring therefore pro- terms to avoid the usual imaging pitfalls. video imaging. They are very well written vide a timely and valuable service by updat- As one reads on, one continues to be and easily understood by biologists. Inoue ing and, in some instances, totally revamp- rewarded by exceptionally clear writings. and Spring have succeeded in explaining ing the classic textbook on video For example, the explanation on the difficult optics and imaging concepts to the microscopy. Video Microscopy: The mechanics of register shifts in CCD sensors “masses” in simple and readily understand- Fundamentals, second Edition, should be a (p. 281) is particularly good. The section on able terms. This book should rightfully take reference in every laboratory involved in cooled, slow-scan CCD camera (p. 305-p. its place in every reference library in univer- microscope digital video imaging tech- 320) is timely, with its application to confo- sities and medical schools. It will prove niques. cal imaging. The discussion on matching extremely valuable to novices and seasoned There are many new additions in the sec- pixel size of CCD sensor with diffraction- scientist involved in digital video imaging of ond edition. For example, Chapter 2 limited resolution of an objective lens (p. living cells. ❖ (Chapter 5 in 1st ed.) on microscope image 312) is particularly illuminating. formation has been expanded to include 3- Chapter 9 in first edition on analog video Joseph Y. Cheung dimensional diffraction pattern, point- processing and analysis has been deleted in Pennsylvania State University

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 55 Book Reviews

Muscle Damage They argue that the best criterion for quanti- chapter provides an in-depth review of the fying contraction-induced injury is the immunohistochemical changes in muscles Stanley Salmons (Editor) resulting force deficit, and present their evi- from patients with various myopathies (325 New York: Oxford University Press, dence for initial and secondary phases of references), and serves as a valuable refer- 1997, 243 pp., illus., index, $65.00. force loss following eccentric contraction ence source on this topic. The final chapter protocols. They make no reference to other by Salmons covers the damage in skeletal ISBN: 0-19-262753-8. human and animal studies that do not show muscles resulting from their employment as the secondary phase. Fridén and Lieber functional grafts, with the principle focus on This book provides a useful review of cur- describe the rabbit tibialis anterior muscle the latissimus dorsi muscle in cardiac assis- rent knowledge about the process and mech- model they have employed to study the time tance. anisms of skeletal muscle injury. As stated course of morphological and mechanical With the exception of several of the chap- in the preface, the book is an updated, edit- changes following eccentric contraction- ters as noted above, the contributions do not ed version of a set of invited papers pub- induced injury, and propose a model for the represent comprehensive reviews of the top- lished in a special issue of the journal, Basic etiology and progression of the injury based ics covered, but primarily present findings and Applied Myology (4: 2-112, 1994). As on their and other’s work. Jones and Round and perspectives of the respective authors. It such, the style and level of presentation of compare the manifestations of eccentric is therefore not surprising that some newer the book are appropriate for graduate stu- contraction-induced muscle injury with concepts and directions in this field of study dents and investigators working in the field those observed after reperfusion injury, with are not discussed. As one example, there is of skeletal muscle. particular emphasis on the similarities in no reference to the role that excitation-con- Although the text covers various etiolo- release of intramuscular proteins into the gies of muscle pathology, the primary traction uncoupling has been shown to play circulation under the two conditions. Lexell in some models in the dramatic force loss in emphasis is on damage resulting from mus- et al. present data from their studies on cular contractions; 6 of the 11 chapters deal muscles injured by eccentric contractions. histopathological changes in rabbit tibialis Nonetheless, the book as a whole provides a with contraction-induced injury, and are anterior and extensor digitorum longus mus- reasonably comprehensive coverage of cur- written by investigators who have published cles following different patterns of chronic rent views and concepts in the field. extensively on this topic. Taken together, low frequency stimulation of the muscles. Although the editor states in the preface that these chapters provide an reasonable cover- The remaining chapters do not refer he attempted to standardize nomenclature age of the muscle injury caused by eccentric specifically to contraction-induced injury, across the various chapters, there are exam- contractions (in which muscles are length- but cover other aspects of muscle damage. ples of different terms used to describe the ened while active). The opening chapter by McArdle and Jackson describe general cel- same phenomenon; e.g., most authors refer Bär et al. provides a brief overview of the lular mechanisms that may play critical to force production in muscles during progression of contraction-induced injury, roles in skeletal muscle damage, with partic- lengthening as “eccentric” contractions, the various methods used to quantify the ular emphasis on calcium, free radicals, whereas in another chapter these are damage, and what is known about preven- insufficient energy supplies, and the interac- referred to as “pliometric” contractions. tion and treatment of the pathology (158 ref- tions among these factors. Rizzi et al. erences). His discussion of the validity of However, these are relatively minor prob- describe the biochemical and molecular the different methods used in the study of lems for the advanced reader for whom the markers they have employed to quantify muscle damage is particularly useful. The book is designed, and overall the book pro- degeneration and regeneration of muscle following chapters primarily describe stud- vides a useful overview of experimental and fibers in biopsies from clinical and experi- ies on contraction-induced muscle damage clinical muscle damage. ❖ mental studies. Cox et al. discuss the use of from the authors’ respective laboratories uti- 99technetium pyrophosphate uptake by lizing both human subjects and animal mod- R.B. Armstrong muscles as a measure of muscle damage in els. Faulkner and Brooks present findings Texas A & M University rabbit muscle injured by chronic low fre- from their research with an in situ mouse quency electrical stimulation. Helliwell’s extensor digitorum longus muscle model. John F. Perkins Memorial Award The John F. Perkins, Jr. Memorial Award promotes cultural and have sufficient funds to cover the needs of the visiting and scientific benefits associated with the international scientist. aspects of physiology. The award provides supplementary Two to four awards are made each year. Applications for the aid to families of foreign scientists working in the US. In this Perkins Award must be made jointly by the host, who must way, young scientists are able to bring their families and, be an APS member, and the visitor. The recipient receives thus, make full use of the cultural, as well as the scientific, funds generally not exceeding $3,000. The size of the award benefits associated with an international exchange. The pro- depends on the estimated needs over and above the amount gram presupposes that the visiting scientist and his/her host already available to the visiting scientist. already have made arrangements for scientific collaboration The deadline for applications is May 15 and November 15.

56 The Physiologist Book Reviews

Cellular and Molecular While the book succinctly summarizes and immunocytochemical properties of anatomical/morphological characteristics of PNE/NEB and neurotransmitter release in Biology of Airway PNEC/NEB and historical arguments for the various animal models. This section of the Chemoreceptors chemoreceptor function of NEB, major book is rather descriptive, emphasizing the emphasis is given to studies into the oxygen- need for mechanistic investigations on the Ernest Cutz. sensing mechanisms of NEB. These studies chronic effects of such stimuli on the regu- New York: Chapman & Hall, 1997, 224 have only recently become possible thanks lation and responsiveness of PNEC/NEB. pp., illus., index, to the establishment of several in vitro sys- While the increase in PNEC/NEB observed ISBN; 0-412-10801-1 tems for PNEC/NEB which are also with neonatal and adult pulmonary diseases described in detail. In analogy to findings is likely the result of impaired pulmonary The above referenced book represents a derived from CB glomus cells, a prototype ventilation, evidence for a potential etiolog- state of the art review on cellular and mole- sensor, Dr. Cutze’s group has pioneered the ic role of impaired chemoreceptor function cular aspects of pulmonary neuroendocrine electrophysiological characterization of of these cells in congenital central hypoven- cells (PNEC) and pulmonary neuroepithelial NEB cells. Using an in vitro system of NEB, tilation syndrome and sudden infant death bodies (NEB). Altered distribution and/or these elegant studies culminated in a model syndrome is presented. number of PNEC/NEB is associated with a of airway chemoreception involving the clo- The book provides the reader with the host of neonatal and adult conditions char- sure of channels, resulting in Ca2+ influx background information and methodologi- acterized by impaired pulmonary ventila- and neurotransmitter release. The methodol- cal detail to successfully initiate experi- tion. The number of PNEC/NEB is also ogy for the electrophysiological studies is in ments into the cellular and molecular regu- increased in the lungs of patients with lung depth presented, a fact much to be appreci- lation and function of PNEC/NEB in in vitro cancer. Moreover, lung tumors with neu- ated by those readers less adept with these experiments. It is to be hoped that that this roendocrine differentiation (small cell carci- techniques. information will stimulate more research noma and carcinoid) share many functional A brief review of studies on NEB under into the physiological and pathological role features with PNEC. Studies into the molec- experimental and disease conditions of these cell systems. ular regulation and function of PNEC/NEB includes the effects of acute and chronic are thus highly relevant to a wide spectrum hypoxia as well as the effects of tobacco- Hildegard M. Schuller of neoplastic and non-neoplastic pulmonary associated chemical stimuli (nicotine, University of Tennessee diseases. nitrosamines) and asbestos on the number

Chemistry and Biology ic biological processes, new ones of which interesting talks throwing new light on the are appearing with great frequency. The structural and mechanistic basis for heparin of Serpins expanding catalogue of serpins will surely activation of serpins. Section 3 on Frank C. Church, Dennis D. require a reexamination of their properties Neurobiology and Cancer has a single chap- Cunningham, David Ginsburg, and structures as new functions are discov- ter on thrombin and its receptor and their ered. mitogenic effects on neurons and astrocytes. Maureane Hoffmann, and Douglas M. The editors have provided a judicious Thrombin in turn is controlled by the serpin, Tollefsen (editors) mixture of general chapters discussing the proteinase nexin-I, which may be important Advances in Experimental Medicine mechanism and structures of the serpins in development and brain injury. The other and Biology, Vol. 425 with more specialized chapters on single two chapters in this section deal with New York: Plenum, 1997, 358pp, illus., serpins. Chapters are organized into seven maspin, a tumor suppressor serpin and with index, $95.00 sections: Introduction, Coagulation, proteinases in metastasis, with more empha- ISBN: 0-306-45698-2 Neurobiology and Cancer, Development and sis in the latter on the proteinases than on the Reproduction, Inflammation and Non- serpins. Maspin offers an intriguing case of This volume consists of a series of chap- Inhibitor Serpins, and the abstracts are simi- a serpin with a biological activity (tumour ters and abstracts from the First larly categorized. Chapter 2 of the suppression), whose function is unlikely that International Symposium on the Chemistry Introduction provides a good overview of of an inhibitor of known proteinases, and Biology of Serpins held at the what is known about the mechanistic and despite its susceptibility to cleavage in its University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in structural aspects of serpins, including back- reactive site loop. It is an example of the April 1996. The extremely rapid expansion bone figures of structures. A few more labels growing subset of the serpins, represented in the size of the serpin family of proteins in these figures would have helped orient the elsewhere in this volume, which share a and in the breadth of their biological func- nonstructural reader. closely similar structure to the proteinase tions might give pause in deciding to orga- The Coagulation section has chapters inhibitor serpins, but which lack proteinase nize a meeting and a volume about a single dealing with the well-studied antithrombin, inhibitor activity. Unravelling the function generic molecule. On the other hand, the including its interactions with heparin, and of these serpins is likely to be an interesting growth in our understanding of the structur- two chapters on the less-studied protein new chapter in this already interesting fami- al and functional properties of the serpins at inhibitor C and heparin cofactor II, provid- ly of molecules. the molecular level may serve to accelerate ing a good balance in this area. These chap- The four chapters on fibrinolysis all deal progress in the study of their more enigmat- ters are well supplemented by abstracts of with plasminogen activation and its inhibi-

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 57 Book Reviews tion by plasminogen activator inhibitors of diverse serpin manifestations in inflam- hend their roles in vivo. Sufficient informa- (PAI), a topic of intense clinical and phar- mation. Discussions of serpins which block tion is presented in this volume to achieve maceutical interest. The chapter by caspases in apoptosis, act as virulence fac- that level of structural and mechanistic Lawrence et al. addresses the structural tors by attenuating host inflammatory knowledge. I suspect that one important basis for the serpin inhibitory mechanism response, serve as apparent chaperones in audience for this volume will be investiga- through studies on PAI1. The question of the the maturation of procollagen to collagen, tors who have isolated and sequenced a new nature of the conformational changes in and induce differentiation of retinoblastoma gene, which turns out to belong to the serpin inhibitor serpins which lead to the formation cell lines illustrate the fundamental impor- family. Knowing nothing about serpins, an of their highly stable complexes with target tance and robust versatility and adaptibility excursion into this volume will provide proteinase was vigorously discussed at this of these molecules. The important role of them with both a general introduction to this meeting and is well elaborated with new mutants in the pathophysiology and also the interesting family of molecules as well as a experimental data in this chapter. A chapter investigation of structure-function relation- broad sampling of the varied specific serpins on tissue plasminogen activator specificity ships of serpins is laid out for C1 inhibitor and their still unfolding roles. Given the is a classical and exhaustive study of the and for a number of serpins, the latter pro- rapid expansion of the serpin family and the specificity determinants of this important viding a good overview of serpin structure intense work being carried on to understand proteinase. Another on the role of plasmino- and function as well. A scan of the abstracts some of their still mysterious functions, this gen activators and their PAIs in fibrinolysis further rewards the reader with a view of the volume is unlikely to have a long half life of reaches farther into in vivo and cellular breadth of involvement of this class of pro- currency. Chapters of a more general nature experimental systems. A chapter on PAI2, a teins in biological processes. will probably retain their value as references serpin which occurs in both cytosolic and Those who have become addicted to slick longer than the more specific ones, which secreted forms, and also spontaneously multicolor figures will be disappointed in nevertheless provide valuable entry points polymerizes, provides a compressed this volume, which has only black and white for new investigators who must understand overview of this understudied serpin. figures, but there is no loss of information. the serpins in order to interpret experiments The section on Development and The editing is thorough with only rare typo- and understand the biology and physiology Reproduction includes a chapter on proges- graphical errors. The audience for this vol- in which the serpins play so many important terone-induced serpins, another likely non- ume might come from several constituen- parts. inhibitor serpin with muliple biological cies. There are good general overviews of effects and another chapter on the alternative serpin properties, mechanisms and structure H.T. Wright splicing in the tobacco hornworm serpin, as well as highly focused chapters and Virginia Biotech Research Park which produces serpins of different speci- abstracts on specific serpins. The former ficity. Finally, a chapter on serpins of the will inform the reader who is new to the male genital tract provides a useful cata- field and needs a clear introduction, while logue of these serpins as well as a discussion the latter will appeal to specialists. The ser- of their role in clinical measurements of pins demand some understanding at the PSA (prostate specific antigen). molecular structural level of even the most The longest section deals with a number biological investigators in order to compre-

Announcements

Lake Cumberland Biological Transport Group Meeting

It is time to plan for the 1999 Lake Cumberland Biological For more information, contact: Transport Meeting (affiliated with APS). The central theme Jim Clack Ann Sherry of the meeting is biological transport, but presentations in Assoc. Professor of Biology Postdoctoral Assistant other areas are welcome. This is an excellent forum for prin- Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Univ. of Cincinnati cipal investigators, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate stu- 4601 Central Avenue PO Box 670576 dents alike to present their data and receive feedback. Columbus, IN 47203 Cincinnati, OH 45267 The scientific sessions will be held in the mornings and Tel: 812-348-7266 513-558-3021 evenings on Sunday, June 20 to Tuesday, June 22. Fax: 812-348-7279 513-558-5738 Afternoons are free to enjoy swimming, fishing, golfing, rid- E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] ing, hiking, or any of the other activities available at the site or visit the Web site at: of the meeting, Lake Cumberland State Resort Park, http://iupucbio1.iupui.edu/cumberland/ Jamestown, KY. ❖

58 The Physiologist Scientific Meetings and Congresses

May 16-20 1999 New World Science for the Next Millennium(sponsored by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pan- February 13-17 American Society for Biochemistry, Canadian Society of Biophysical Society 43rd Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Division Information: Biophysical Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Ste. 0512, of Biological Chemistry of the American Chemical Society), Bethesda, MD 20814-3998. Tel: 301-530-7114; fax: 301-530-7133; Lake Tahoe, California. email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.bio- Information: ASMBS Fall Symposium Office, 9650 Rockville Pike, physics.org/biophys. Bethesda, MD 20814-3998. Tel: 301-530-7010; fax: 301-530-7014; e-mail: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.faseb.org/ February 20-26 meetings/asbmb/jointmt.htm. Medical Imaging 1999, San Diego, CA. Information: International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), PO Box 10, Bellingham, WA 98227-0010. Tel: 360-676-3290; fax: May 21-22 360-647-1445; e-mail: [email protected]; Internet: Workshop on Surgery for Movement Disorders, Toronto, http://www.spie.org/info/mi/. Ontario, Canada. Information: Karma Farah, Continuing Education, Faculty of February 21-26 Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Room 121, Salivary Glands and Saliva Gordon Conference, Ventura, CA. Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2. Tel: 416-978-2719; fax: 416- Information: Dr. Bruce J. Baum, organizer, MSC 1190, NIDR, NIH, 971-2200. Bldg. 10, Rm. 1N113, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892- 1190. Tel: 301-496-1363; fax: 301-402-1228; email: May 21-23 [email protected]; Internet: http://www.grc.uri.edu or see the 7th International Congress on Physical Education and Sport, upcoming issue of Science on Gordon Conferences. Komotini, Greece. Information: Savvas Tokmakidis, PhD, 7th International Congress February 27-March 3 on Physical Education and Sport, Department of Physical Education International Hypoxia Symposium, Jasper Park Lodge, Alberta, and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Canada. 69100, Greece. Tel: +30-531-21764 or 21762; fax: +30-531-26908; Information: Rose Galano, International Hypoxia Symposium, email: [email protected]; Internet: http://platon.ee.duth.gr/ Continuing Education and Conference Services, Faculty Health ~tefaa/icpes99. Sciences, Rm 1M7, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5. Tel: 905-525-9140, X22671; fax: 905-572-7099; May 22-27 email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.hypoxia.net. 13th Annual Human Anatomy and Physiology Society Conference, Baltimore, MD. March 25-26 Information: HAPS/OSG, 222 S. Meramec, Suite 303, St. Louis, 25th Annual Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplastic Disorders, MO 63105. Baltimore, MD. Information: Conference Coordinator, Johns Hopkins Medical June 7-10 Institutions, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Turner 20, Critical Issues in Tumor Microcirculation, Angiogenesis and 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205. Tel: 410-955-2959; Metastasis: Biological Significance and Clinical Relevance (13th fax: 410-955-0807; email: [email protected]; Internet: Annual Offering), Boston, MA. http://www.med.jhu.edu/cme. Information: Carol Lyons, Administrator, Radiation Oncology, April 5-8 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114. Tel: 617-726- Physiology Teaching in the Developing World: Models for 4083; fax: 617-726-4172. Quality Learning, Karachi, Pakistan. Information: Dr. Arif Siddiqui, Conference Secretariat, International June 13-18 Workshop on Physiology Society for Developmental Biology 58th Annual Meeting, Teaching, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi-74800, Charlottesville, VA. Pakistan. Tel: +92-21-493 0051, ext. 4567; fax: +92-21-493 2095 or Information: Society for Developmental Biology, 9650 Rockville 493 4294; e-mail: [email protected]. Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814. Fax: 301-571-5704; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu. April 15-16 Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints: Advancing Clinical July 10-15 Research and Applications, Bethesda, MD. Neural Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Regulation (FASEB Information: Tel: 301-468-6004; Internet: http://www4.od.nih.gov/ Summer Research Conference), Saxtons River, VT. biomarkers. Information: Adele Hewitt, FASEB Office of Scientific Meetings and Congresses, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998. May 1-4 Tel: 301-530-7010; fax: 301-530-7014; e-mail: [email protected]; Pediatric Academic Societies' Annual Meeting (sponsored by Internet: http://hsc.virginia.edu/~pgg. American Pediatric Society, Society for Pediatric Research and Ambulatory Pediatric Association), San Francisco, CA. Information: Debbie Anagnostelis, APS-SPR Central Office, 3400 Research Forest Drive, Suite B-7, The Woodlands, TX 77381. Tel: 281-419-0052; fax: 281-419-0082; email: [email protected].

Vol. 42, No. 1, 1999 59