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January 12, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 2 From the Cover E249 Drought impacts on California forests E172 Kinases and prostate cancer metastasis E229 Potassium channel and sour taste 262 Tuning protein reduction potential 380 Lipid target of autoreactive T cells Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS Cover image: Pictured is a 3D image of 237 In This Issue the canopy water content (CWC) of trees in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve at Stanford University, with low and high LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) water content shown in red and blue, respectively. Gregory P. Asner et al. E105 Is nitric oxide important for the diastolic phase of the lymphatic found that CWC decreased measurably contraction/relaxation cycle? for an estimated 10.6 million hectares of Michael J. Davis forest, containing up to 888 million large E106 Reply to Davis: Nitric oxide regulates lymphatic contractions trees, between 2011 and 2015, with 1 Christian Kunert, James W. Baish, Shan Liao, Timothy P. Padera, and Lance L. Munn million hectares experiencing greater E107 Lion populations may be declining in Africa but not as Bauer et al. suggest than 30% CWC loss. The results suggest Jason Riggio, Tim Caro, Luke Dollar, Sarah M. Durant, Andrew P. Jacobson, Christian Kiffner, that if drought conditions in California Stuart L. Pimm, and Rudi J. van Aarde continue, forests might undergo E109 Reply to Riggio et al.: Ongoing lion declines across most of Africa warrant substantial changes. See the article by urgent action Asner et al. on pages E249–E255. Image Hans Bauer, Guillaume Chapron, Kristin Nowell, Philipp Henschel, Paul Funston, Luke T. -
9-Deoxy-A9,A12-13,14
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 81, pp. 1317-1321, March 1984 Biochemistry 9-Deoxy-A9,A12-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin D2, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2 formed in human plasma (dehydration product of prostaglandin D2/serum albumin/cell growth inhibition) YOSHIHARU KIKAWA*, SHUH NARUMIYA*, MASANORI FUKUSHIMAt, HIROHISA WAKATSUKAt, AND OSAMU HAYAISHI§ *Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan; tDepartment of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Chemotherapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan; tResearch Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618, Japan; and §Osaka Medical College, Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569, Japan Contributed by Osamu Hayaishi, November 8, 1983 ABSTRACT Incubation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) with from Sigma. Dimethylisopropylsilyl (Me2iPrSi) imidazole human plasma yielded a product that has been identified as 9- and methoxyamine hydrochloride were from Tokyo Kasei deoxy-9,10-didehydro-12,13-cdidehydro-13,14-dihydro-PGD2 (Tokyo). Sep-pak silica and Sep-pak C18 cartridges were (9-deoxy-_9,9'2-13,14-dihydro-PGD2). The identification was from Waters Associates. Precoated silica gel plates [G60- based on mass spectrometry, UV spectrometry, mobilities and (F254)] with concentration zones and silica gel 60 for column retention time on TLC and HPLC, and NMR. The conversion chromatography were from Merck. Sephadex LH-20 was a of PGD2 to this product was dependent on the incubation time product of Pharmacia. Solvents used in the extraction of and the amount of plasma added to a reaction mixture and was PGD2 metabolites for identification were distilled before use. abolished by prior boiling. -
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September 6, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 36 u 14707–15010 Cover image: Pictured are gastric epithelial cells infected with the gut bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, which are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancers. Isabella M. Toller et al. found that H. pylori infection damages the genome of host cells, causing breaks in both complementary strands of DNA. The damage triggered DNA repair responses, but pro- longed infection resulted in unrepaired DNA breaks and harmed host cell viability. The findings suggest a possible mechanism for the bacteria’s carcinogenic properties. See the article by Toller et al. on pages 14944–14949. Image courtesy of Martin Oeggerli (Micronaut and School of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland). From the Cover 14944 Helicobacter pylori can cause DNA damage 14723 MicroRNA and olfactory conditioning 14819 Unraveling protein–DNA interactions 14902 Pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus 14998 Neuronal basis of delayed gratification 14711 Olfactory habituation: Fresh insights from flies Contents David L. Glanzman See companion articles on pages E646 and 14721 and pages E655 and 14723 THIS WEEK IN PNAS 14713 (Compressed) sensing and sensibility Vijay S. Pande See companion article on page 14819 14707 In This Issue 14715 Transcription factor RBPJ/CSL: A genome-wide look at transcriptional regulation Lucio Miele LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) See companion articles on pages 14902 and 14908 E625 Social influence benefits the wisdom of individuals in the crowd Simon Farrell PNAS PLUS (AUTHOR SUMMARIES) E626 Reply to Farrell: Improved individual estimation success can imply collective tunnel vision BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Heiko Rauhut, Jan Lorenz, Frank Schweitzer, and Dirk Helbing BIOCHEMISTRY 14717 Hu proteins regulate alternative splicing by inducing localized histone hyperacetylation in an RNA-dependent manner COMMENTARIES Hua-Lin Zhou, Melissa N. -
Aziz SANCAR WINS Nobel Prize
Advancing SCIENCE Aziz Sancar, 2015 Nobel laureate in chemistry extremely proud that he is a member of TWAS, and we offer him heartfelt congratulations.” Sharing the prize with Sancar are two other chemists who have made pioneering discoveries in gene repair: Swedish native Tomas Lindahl of the Francis Crick Institute and Clare Hall Laboratory in Hertfordshire, UK, and American Paul Modrich of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University School of Medicine in North Carolina. “Systematic work” by the three researchers “has made a decisive contribution to the understanding of how the living cell functions, as well as providing knowledge about the AZIZ SANCAR molecular causes of several hereditary diseases and about mechanisms behind both cancer development and WINS NOBEL PRIZE aging,” the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in announcing the prizes. by Edward W. Lempinen Sancar, 69, was born in Savur, a small town in southeastern Turkey. The Turkish-born DNA to remove the damaged genetic He was the seventh of eight children. code. His initial discoveries at Yale “My parents were both illiterate,” he scientist, elected to TWAS University in the United States focused said in a 2005 profile published in the in 1994, shares the 2015 on E. coli bacteria; more recently, at Proceedings of the National Academy the University of North Carolina in the of Sciences (USA), “but they valued the Nobel Prize in chemistry United States, he detailed the workings importance of education and did their of this DNA repair in humans. best to ensure that all of their children for research into DNA Sancar is the first native of Turkey to would receive some education.” repair. -
Nfap Policy Brief » October 2019
NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY NFAP POLICY BRIEF» OCTOBER 2019 IMMIGRANTS AND NOBEL PRIZES : 1901- 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Immigrants have been awarded 38%, or 36 of 95, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics since 2000.1 In 2019, the U.S. winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (James Peebles) and one of the two American winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (M. Stanley Whittingham) were immigrants to the United States. This showing by immigrants in 2019 is consistent with recent history and illustrates the contributions of immigrants to America. In 2018, Gérard Mourou, an immigrant from France, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2017, the sole American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was an immigrant, Joachim Frank, a Columbia University professor born in Germany. Immigrant Rainer Weiss, who was born in Germany and came to the United States as a teenager, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, sharing it with two other Americans, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish. In 2016, all 6 American winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and scientific fields were immigrants. Table 1 U.S. Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics: 2000-2019 Category Immigrant Native-Born Percentage of Immigrant Winners Physics 14 19 42% Chemistry 12 21 36% Medicine 10 19 35% TOTAL 36 59 38% Source: National Foundation for American Policy, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, George Mason University Institute for Immigration Research. Between 1901 and 2019, immigrants have been awarded 35%, or 105 of 302, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics. -
El Premio Nobel Alrededor Del ADN Nobel Prizes About DNA Recibido: Febrero 15 De 2016 | Revisado: Marzo 17 De 2016 | Aceptado: Mayo 12 De 2016
El premio nobel alrededor del ADN Nobel prizes about DNA Recibido: febrero 15 de 2016 | Revisado: marzo 17 de 2016 | Aceptado: mayo 12 de 2016 1,2 DULCE DELGADIllO-ÁLVAREZ ABSTRACT The Nobel Prize is an international award given annually to individuals or institutions that have made investigations, discoveries or contributions to humanity in the immediate previous year or du- ring the course of their life. The awards were ins- tituted in 1895 as the last will of swedish chemist Alfred Nobel and began to be distributed in 1901. Two of the specialties in which the prize is awar- ded are Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine. The purpose of this brief review is to count those researchers who have earned this award in the dis- ciplines mentioned from 114 years ago and who- se work has orbited around the deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. We mention studies on its discovery, structure and molecular characterization of this and of the other molecules that in coordination with it turn it into the molecule responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information of all organisms that inhabit our planet. Key words: Nobel Prize, deoxyribonucleic acid, discovery, structure, molecular biology RESUMEN El Premio Nobel es un galardón internacional otorgado cada año a personas o instituciones que hayan realizado investigaciones, descubrimientos o contribuciones a la humanidad en el año inme- diato anterior o en el transcurso de su vida. Los premios se instituyeron en 1895 como última vo- luntad del químico sueco Alfred Nobel y comenza- ron a entregarse en 1901. Dos de las especialidades en las que el Premio es otorgado son en Quími- ca y en Fisiología o Medicina. -
Metabolic Tracing of NAD Precursors Using Strategically Labelled Isotopes of NMN
A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Metabolic tracing of NAD+ precursors using strategically labelled isotopes of NMN by Lynn-Jee Kim Supervisors Dr. Lindsay E. Wu (Primary) Prof. David A. Sinclair (Joint-Primary) Dr. Lake-Ee Quek (Co-supervisor) School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name: Kim Given Name/s: Lynn-Jee Abbreviation for degree as give in PhD the University calendar: Faculty: Faculty of Medicine School: School of Medical Sciences + Thesis Title: Metabolic tracing of NAD precursors using strategically labelled isotopes of NMN Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important cofactor and substrate for hundreds of cellular processes involved in redox homeostasis, DNA damage repair and the stress response. NAD+ declines with biological ageing and in age-related diseases such as diabetes and strategies to restore intracellular NAD+ levels are emerging as a promising strategy to protect against metabolic dysfunction, treat age-related conditions and promote healthspan and longevity. One of the most effective ways to increase NAD+ is through pharmacological supplementation with NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) which can be orally delivered. Long term administration of NMN in mice mitigates age-related physiological decline and alleviates the pathophysiologies associated with a high fat diet- and age-induced diabetes. Despite such efforts, there are certain aspects of NMN metabolism that are poorly understood. In this thesis, the mechanisms involved in the utilisation and transport of orally administered NMN were investigated using strategically labelled isotopes of NMN and mass spectrometry. -
Talking with Nobel Laureate Robert J. Lefkowitz, MD
MEET THE 2021 ENDOCRINE SOCIETY LAUREATE AWARD WINNERS APRIL 2021 THE LEADING MAGAZINE FOR ENDOCRINOLOGISTS INTERNATIONAL The Accidental SCIENTIST Talking with Nobel Laureate Robert J. Lefkowitz, MD When Robert J. Lefkowitz, MD, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2012, that was only part of his storied career as a physician scientist. A self-proclaimed “accidental scientist,” Lefkowitz talks to Endocrine News about his recently published autobiography, misconceptions about scientists, how it felt to win the Nobel, and much more! ON THE MOVE: Joy Wu, MD, PhD, relocates her lab during a pandemic. STAR POWER: Rounding up the Rising Stars Power Talks winners CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FROM THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY THE LEADING MAGAZINE FOR ENDOCRINOLOGISTS 2020 – 2022 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Henry Anhalt, DO Bergen County Pediatric Endocrinology Sally Camper, PhD Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan Medical School Rodolfo J. Galindo, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Christian M. Girgis, MBBS, PhD, FRACP Royal North Shore and Westmead Hospitals University of Sydney, Australia Lipid Management Andrea Gore, PhD Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Texas in Patients with Daniel A. Gorelick, PhD Endocrine Disorders Baylor University, Houston, Texas M. Carol Greenlee, MD, FACP A NEW STANDARD FOR CARE Western Slope Endocrinology Grand Junction, Colo. (Faculty for Transforming Clinical Practice initiative [TCPi]) Learn the latest best practices Gary D. Hammer, MD, PhD Millie Schembechler Professor of Adrenal Cancer, for assessing and treating high Endocrine Oncology Program cholesterol in patients with endocrine University of Michigan diseases like hypothyroidism, Robert W. Lash, MD Chief Professional & Clinical Officer, Endocrine Society menopause, and Cushing Syndrome. -
Celebrating the Work of Nobel Laureate Paul Modrich
SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences • NEWS AND VIEWS • January 2016 Vol.59 No.1: 93–96 doi: 10.1007/s11427-015-4989-y Celebrating the work of Nobel Laureate Paul Modrich Guo-Min Li Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Received December 8, 2015; accepted December 12, 2015; published online December 17, 2015 Citation: Li, G.M. (2016). Celebrating the work of Nobel Laureate Paul Modrich. Sci China Life Sci 59, 93–96. doi: 10.1007/s11427-015-4989-y On October 7, 2015, the Nobel Prize Committee announced that the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry had been awarded jointly to Professors Paul Modrich, Tomas Lindahl and Aziz Sancar (Figure 1), each of whom made ground-breaking discoveries about the molecular mechanisms of DNA Re- pair. In one of life’s unpredictable turns, Paul was among the last individuals in his entire personal, professional and social network to learn of the Committee’s decision, be- cause Paul was very far “off-the-grid” at the time of the announcement. The news that he had been selected as a 2015 Nobel Laureate may have taken Paul by surprise, but Figure 1 (color online) Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar and Tomas Lindahl share the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The photo was taken at the Nobel it certainly was not a surprise to most, if not all, of Paul’s Award Ceremony on December 10, 2015, when professors Lindahl (left), colleagues, students, family and friends. -
Suppression of Poly(ADP-Ribose)
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 81, pp. 7132-7136, November 1984 Cell Biology Induction of murine teratocarcinoma cell differentiation by suppression of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis (NADW/retinoic acid/3-aminobenzamide/immunofluorescence) YASUHIRO OHASHI*t, KUNIHIRO UEDA*t, OSAMU HAYAISHI*§, KouICHI IKAI¶, AND OTSURA NIWAII Departments of *Medical Chemistry, ¶Dermatology, and "Experimental Radiology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Contributed by Osamu Hayaishi, July 27, 1984 ABSTRACT Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity in present study, we report a marked decrease in nuclear po- mouse teratocarcinoma EC-Al cells decreased markedly dur- ly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity at a very early stage of ing differentiation induced by retinoic acid; the activities as- differentiation of teratocarcinoma cells induced by retinoic sayed in permeabilized cells decreased to 25% and 10% of the acid. Furthermore, we present evidence suggesting that ex- activity of control (uninduced cells) 2 and 3 days, respectively, ogenously added inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase after the addition of 0.1 ,uM retinoic acid to the culture medi- can induce the differentiation of these cells. um. This change preceded changes in morphology and DNA synthesis, which became prominent after 4 days. The decrease MATERIALS AND METHODS in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity appeared to be caused by a diminution of the synthetase protein and not by a Chemicals. [adenine-U-14C]NAD+ (266 Ci/mol; 1 Ci = 37 decrease in its catalytic activity, because the full activity dis- GBq) and [methyl-3H]dTTP (30 Ci/mmol) were purchased closed by DNase I treatment decreased in parallel, albeit at from Amersham. -
Federation Member Society Nobel Laureates
FEDERATION MEMBER SOCIETY NOBEL LAUREATES For achievements in Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, and PHysics. Award Winners announced annually in October. Awards presented on December 10th, the anniversary of Nobel’s death. (-H represents Honorary member, -R represents Retired member) # YEAR AWARD NAME AND SOCIETY DOB DECEASED 1 1904 PM Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (APS-H) 09/14/1849 02/27/1936 for work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged. 2 1912 PM Alexis Carrel (APS/ASIP) 06/28/1873 01/05/1944 for work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs 3 1919 PM Jules Bordet (AAI-H) 06/13/1870 04/06/1961 for discoveries relating to immunity 4 1920 PM August Krogh (APS-H) 11/15/1874 09/13/1949 (Schack August Steenberger Krogh) for discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism 5 1922 PM A. V. Hill (APS-H) 09/26/1886 06/03/1977 Sir Archibald Vivial Hill for discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle 6 1922 PM Otto Meyerhof (ASBMB) 04/12/1884 10/07/1951 (Otto Fritz Meyerhof) for discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle 7 1923 PM Frederick Grant Banting (ASPET) 11/14/1891 02/21/1941 for the discovery of insulin 8 1923 PM John J.R. Macleod (APS) 09/08/1876 03/16/1935 (John James Richard Macleod) for the discovery of insulin 9 1926 C Theodor Svedberg (ASBMB-H) 08/30/1884 02/26/1971 for work on disperse systems 10 1930 PM Karl Landsteiner (ASIP/AAI) 06/14/1868 06/26/1943 for discovery of human blood groups 11 1931 PM Otto Heinrich Warburg (ASBMB-H) 10/08/1883 08/03/1970 for discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme 12 1932 PM Lord Edgar D. -
The Member Magazine of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Vol. 14 / No. 3 / March 2015 THE MEMBER MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CONTENTS NEWS FEATURES PERSPECTIVES 2 14 50 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE GIVING PARASITES THEIR DUE COORDINATES Conscience of commitment Chasing the North American Dream 20 4 STEAM 52 NEWS FROM THE HILL When our DNA is fair game CAREER INSIGHTS Gene-editing summit A Q&A with Clemencia Rojas 22 5 ANNUAL MEETING POINTERS 14 MEMBER UPDATE 32 8 ANNUAL AWARDS RETROSPECTIVE Marion Sewer (1972 – 2016) 22 10 JOURNAL NEWS 10 Turning on the thyroid 20 11 Using microRNAs to target cancer cells 12 A mouse model for Hajdu–Cheney syndrome 13 One gene, two proteins, one complex 8 32 50 2016 10 Annual Aards MARCH 2016 ASBMB TODAY 1 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE THE MEMBER MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Conscience OFFICERS COUNCIL MEMBERS Steven McKnight Squire J. Booker of commitment President Karen G. Fleming Gregory Gatto Jr. Natalie Ahn Rachel Green By Steven McKnight President-Elect Susan Marqusee Karen Allen Jared Rutter Secretary Brenda Schulman Michael Summers very four years, my institution work with the American Society for Toni Antalis Treasurer requires that I take a course Biochemistry and Molecular Biol- ASBMB TODAY EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD E and exam regarding conicts ogy, I can help organize and attend EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS Charles Brenner of interest. Past courses have focused meetings, I can give lectures at other Squire Booker Chair primarily on nancial conicts of institutions, I can help found biotech- Wei Yang Michael Bradley Co-chairs, 2016 Annual Floyd “Ski” Chilton interest, but the course and test I took nology companies, and on and on — Meeting Program Cristy Gelling this past month had a new category so long as the activities have legitimate Committee Peter J.