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ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print) IJECT Vo l . 6, Is s u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2015 Integrate browsing on Set Top Box (STB) and Decode Digital Television (DTV) 1Vishnu J, 2Jayakrishna. P 1,2Dept. of ECE, ATRI, Parvathapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract different embedded equipment. At the moment we can see different A Set Top Box (STB) is a device that enables a television set to browsers supporting on mobile platforms with minimal run time receive and decode digital television (DTV) signals. IR Decoders image size. one of the developer has recently also known as STB has now been enabled with additional features released Opera Devices SDK which supports the browsers on STB to become interactive. If we add a extra device to existing STBs Broadcom Chipsets. Microsystems recently integrates QT in order to access internet, then we can call it as IP STB. IP STB’s on their STB platforms. The above works are not cost effective with an added advantage of internet browsing over the TV with as these browsers come with fancy price. As the present paper the existing network that they have already established. So, there utilizes the open source code on the existing layers of is a need to integrate Internet browsing feature on Set Top Box STB, it provides a cost effective and reliable solution. (STB) as an additional feature to provide value to interactive television services. Even though there are ways to perform such II. Decode Digital Television (DTV) a task, but providing a good design with a capable processor and Digital television, commonly known as digital TV, is a completely which are capable of handling more present and new way of broadcasting and is the future of television. It is a futuristic with cost effective looks to be challenging. ARM core medium that requires new thinking and new revenue-generating processors and operating system (OS) may be employed in business models. Digital TV is the successor to analog TV and implementation of interactive television. ARM is one of the most eventually all broadcasting will be done in this way. Around the licensed and thus widespread processor cores in the world and used globe, cable, satellite, and wireless operators are moving to a especially in portable devices due to low power consumption and digital environment. Affiliates of the four major networks in the reasonable performance (MIPS / watt) and Linux is an open source United States—ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox were slated to begin operating system with good flexibility and secured tile system. digital broadcasts by November 1999. By 2006, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the U.S. has mandated Keywords that no more analog television signals be broadcast. Internet Browsing, Set Top Box, ARM, Linux. In Europe, the digital TV train is also rolling out of the station, with broadcasters in France, Ireland, Spain, Germany, Holland, I. Introduction and the U.K. planned to launch digital technologies in 1999. Most A Set Top Box (STB) is a device that enables a television set to industry analysts are predicting that the transition to digital TV receive and decode digital television (DTV) signals. IR Decoders will be an evolution rather than a revolution, changing the way also known as STB has now been enabled with additional features of life for hundreds of millions of families around the world. to become more interactive. IP STB is such a device which can be Companies are acknowledging that the convergence between embedded into lot of new features one such being WEB browsers personal computers, TV sets, and the Internet has already begun which enables the user to watch the TV and browse through the and are positioning themselves to maximize revenue from this internet. The Triple play (Voice, Video, Data) players like Airtel, new computing paradigm. British Telecom can play a major role in providing these IP STB’s For consumers, the digital age will improve their viewing with an added advantage of internet browsing over the TV with experience through cinema-quality pictures, CD-quality sound, the existing network they have already established. hundreds of new channels, the power to switch camera angles, Web browser such are , etc is a software and improved access to a range of exciting new entertainment application which enables a user to display and interact with text, services. images, videos, music and other information on the internet. The Digital TV also gives subscribers the opportunity to enjoy more selection of browser depends on price, capabilities and foot print programming through cinema-style wide screen TVs. Gone are the size of software. is the one such browser from days of choosing between a small range of channels. Television Mozilla available as open source code that is very much suitable for will become more fun and powerful to use, yet at the same time the embedded systems because of its better capabilities; enhanced simpler and friendlier. For the broadcaster, a move to a digital security features and small run time toot print. “Linux” the OS environment decreases the bandwidth utilization per channel, with lot of capabilities but still comes as Open Source is the OS facilitates the offering of Internet applications to their subscribers, which can be used at its best to derive the best capabilities of the and opens a new era of business opportunities. browsers on IPSTB with a minimum price. The new digital technologies will allow cable companies, satellite This paper presents an implementation steps converting the providers, and existing Minimo code based on GTK­ XII architecture to work Wireless broadcasters to offer a variety of powerful revenue- in GTK + DFB environment by porting to a Linux desktop generating services, including: running GTK+ DFB and cross compiling to run on ARM Linux • Internet access at blazing speeds; and integrating to IPSTB. As the GTK+DFB handle the other • Multi-user network games; feature of STB, so the same existing modules are reused to • Video on demand; develop the web browser in order to keep the image foot print • Streaming video and audio; of IPSTB at minimal. Related Works Some of the related works • Home banking services; in this field involves in porting different kind of browsers on • E-commerce applications; www.iject.org International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology 9 IJECT Vo l . 6, Is s u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2015 ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

• PC software upgrades; each user, routers along the way to the destinations make copies • Broadcasting rich multimedia content; and as needed, and multicast receivers just have to request data to • Electronic newspapers. receive it.

Fig 1: Basic Principle of an End-to-End Conditional Access System Fig. 3: IPTV Network Distribution

Restricting access to a particular service is accomplished by The destination IP address in a multicast is address of the multicast using a technique called cryptography. It protects the digital group, Typically in IPTV, the TV channels are multicast in the service by transforming the signal into an unreadable format. core network and only forwarded in the access network when The transformation process is known as “” in a digital clients request the respective TV channels. Compared to the core environment and “scrambling” in an analog domain. network, the access network has only limited bandwidth capacity involving a good management of traffic in this area. III. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) In fig, an example of IPTV distribution network for broadcast Internet Video is video content over the Internet open public TV is given. The TV channels are multicast from the streaming network. Over the web, portals offer video streaming and discrete server to the Set Top Boxes (STB), the user equipment which content elements, no Quality of Service and a wide range of video decodes he video stream and displays it on a TV. During transport formats & streaming protocols. the stream traverses three networks: the core network, which is On the other hand, IPTV has become a high-benefit service for maintained by the IPTV service provider; the access network, the operators by adding multimedia content delivery (TV, Video which connects the user with the service provider and the home & Audio) over their own network. One hop before the client they network, the network found in the user’s premises. include a Set Top Box to give interactive and customized services The access network and home network are interconnected by a home that add aggregated value to the service like: gateway (HG). The HG is the component which allows devices in the home network, such as a PC or STB, to have connectivity with the outside world. The access network and core network are connected by a Multi Service Access Node (MSAN).

IV. MINIMO The Minimo Project was created to test the feasibility of porting a full-function desktop to advanced mobile devices. To minimize the use of system resources Minimo initially did not include some of Mozilla’s functionality, such as support for SVG, although continuing experiments sought to include all the Fig. 2: Content for Internet Video features of the Mozilla codebase. In addition, the browser used small screen rendering technology to reformat Web pages for • Targeted advertisement -sized displays and allowed a platform for UI experiments • Live stats of program watching on mobile devices. • Network PVR (offline TV programs) The was designed to take up minimal screen space, with a single 8px high toolbar and a hidden-by-default address bar. The process of live streaming involves a camera for the video, Other user interface functionality, such as bookmarks, history, and an encoder to digitalize the content, a video publisher where the search, was migrated into a special homepage called the Home streams are made available to potential end-users and a content base. Because Minimo is based on the infrastructure, delivery network to distribute and deliver the content. The media developers can decide to build specific versions and evaluate other can then be viewed by end-users live. features such as the canvas, SVG support, and more. The most important application of the multicast is IPTV. With Chris Hofmann created the Minimo project shortly after leaving the coming of the Triple play including voice, data and video, all Communications in 2003, under funding from Nokia’s in the same network, management of the network resources has team. He single-handedly saved the project from being become necessary. Therefore multicast is an important part of the canceled many times. Currently Chris works for the Mozilla IPTV broadcasting. Corporation. Chris was also responsible for some of the Minimo The main purpose of the multicast is to send data to many people key features such as the Homebase bar, a format for displaying only once, rather than sending a separate copy of the data to bookmarks more amenable to mobile devices.

10 International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology www.iject.org ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print) IJECT Vo l . 6, Is s u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2015

time how long it takes to start again. Restat1 it again another two times, and take an average.

B. Simulation Results It is observed that cold and warm start times for Minimo is 1l.29 and 7.74 secs, respectively when performed on the ARM core Davinci processor (arm926egs and DM6446). The simulation of Opera provides good time factor with 8.2 and 6.3 but it comes with a fancy price.

Fig. 4: Software Architecture of MINIMO

V. Development Board and SDK AllWinner A10 (part of A1X series) is an ARM Cortex A8 SoC targeting multimedia products such as tablets, HD STB or digital signage. It is currently found in some low cost Android tablets such as Momo9C and will be used in Rhombus Tech’s Raspberry Pi alternative. The processor features an ARM Cortex A8 clocked at 1.5 GHz with a Mali-400 GPU. It can support 1080p encoding/decoding, provides HDMI, Component, Composite, VGA and LVDS video outputs, USB2.0 ports, a SATA 2.0 port and more… Fig. 6: ARM Development Kit (Cortex-8)

Fig. 5: AllWinner A10/A1X Block Diagram Fig. 7: Playing Video (offline video) VI. Test Setup and Test Results The development test environment on ram build involves in connecting a Linux development PC with STB through Ethernet cable and the STB is connected to TV through normal AV cable. The developed code is downloaded on to the STB platform and the Browser option is selected once the STB application is launched. STB should also be connected with another Ethernet cable for the Internet. The flash build requires only one Ethernet as application launches from flash.

A. Tests Performed The following tests are performed to validate: Cold start and Warm start. Cold start - This is the time it takes to do a cold load. Log out then in, and then once all background processes have completed, run the browser as the first program. Use the default settings for the browser, without preloading or quick launch tools. Warm Fig. 8: Playing YouTube in MINIMO start - After completing a cold start, close the browser, and then www.iject.org International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology 11 IJECT Vo l . 6, Is s u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2015 ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

[4] Erik Martinsson,“IPTV the future of television”, Report- Computer Communication and Distributed Systems, EDA390, Chalmers Unnersity of Technology", Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gothenburg 2006- 04-18 [5] Tata Elxsi Manual [6] White Paper, February 2008, Calsoft Labs.www.calsoftlabs. com [7] [Online] Available: http://arstechnica.com/ guides/ otherliptv. ars.Poster PaperProc. of1nt. Con/, on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing 2011 [8] Mozilla, Minimo web browser, [Online] Available: http:// www.mozilla.org/projects/minimo/ [9] An overview of Minimo(Mini Mozilla) Project [Online] Available: http://www.linuxdevices.com/articlesl A T7396996 71html, 2007 Fig. 9: Playing TV9 in Cortex-8 Kit with MINIMO [10] [Online] Available: http://www.directtb.orgidownloads/ Core/DirectFB-1.0.0.tar.gz [11] [Online] Available: http://www.glib.org/pub/gnome/sources/ glib/2.12/glib-2.12.0.tar.gz [12] [Online] Available: http://www.atk.org/pub/gnome/sources/ atkll.1 O/atk-1.1 O. 1.tar. gz [13] [Online] Available: http://www.freetype.orglpub/gnome/ sources/rreetype/freetype- 2.l. 9. tar. bz2 [14] [Online] Available: http://www.libxml.orgl [15] [Online] Available: http://www.fontconfig.orgl [16] [Online] Available: http://www.zlib.com/ [17] [Online] Available: http://www.libpng.org/ [18] [Online] Available: http://www.cairographics.orglreleases/ -1.14.0.tar.gz [19] [Online] Available: http://www.pango.org/pub/gnome/ sources/pango/l.I 4/pango-I.14.0.tar.gz [20] [Online] Available: http://www.gtk.org/pub/gnome/sources/ Fig. 10: Playing news in the MINIMO gtk+/2.12/ gtk+-2.12.I.tar.bz [21] [Online] Available: http://www.mozilla.orglsources/firefox- VII. Conclusion and Future Work 1.5.0.3.tar.gz This paper discussed porting Minimo browser to a Linux desktop [22] [Online] Available: http://www.archive.mozilla.org/projects/ running GTK+ Direct Frame Buffer and has been tested on ARM minimo/bu ild-cross.#minimo platfonn. The crosscompilation for different platforms would [23] [Online] Available: http://www.opera.com/press/ require some package related changes in the “.mozconfig” file. The releases/2011101l26/ development was to eliminate the X-windows from the original [24] [Online] Available: http://www.tridentmicro.com/ of Minimo code and modify the code to adopt the GTK-DFB tridentmicrosystemsintegrates-nokia%E2%SO%99s-qt- environment so that it can be embedded in the portable embedded user-interfaceframework-into-its-newest -set -top-box devices where memory is a constraint. There is lot of future work -referencedesigns/ to be done for code optimization, increased speed, reduce memory footprint and support of all the futures as supported on Pc. Vishnu J received the B.Tech. degree References in Electronics and Communication [1] Kumar. L, Kushwaha. R, Prakash. R,“Design and Development Engineering from Jawaharlal of Small Linux Operating System for Browser Based Digital Technological University,Hyderabad, Set Top Box”, Proceedings of First International Conference Telangana, in 2007. Department of on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Electronics and Communication Networks (CICSYN), 2009, page(s): 277-281. Engineering, ATRI, Parvathapur, [2] Vu Hong Khiem, Kibong Kang, Keung Hae Lee, Hyderabad, Telangana., India. “MiniWap:Navigating Wap with Minimo”, Proceedings of 31 st Annual International Computer Software and Applications (COMPSAC), 2007, Vol. 2, pp. 63-68. [3] Sangjae Lee, Cho, Han,“FTTH Residential Gateway and IP Tuner for IPTV Service”, Proceedings of IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking (CCNC), 2006.

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Jayakrishna. P Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATRI, Parvathapur, Hyderabad, Telangana., India.

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