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Journal Study Religions Ideologies JOURNAL for the No. 3 winter 2002 STUDY Edited by S.C.I.R.I. of http://hiphi.ubbcluj.ro/JSRI/sciri RELIGIONS EDITOR: Sandu FRUNZA, U.B.B. & ISSN: 1583-0039 EXECUTIVE EDITORS: Michael JONES Temple University IDEOLOGIES Mihaela FRUNZA U.B.B. MEMBERS: Diana COTRAU, U.B.B. Alina BRANDA, U.B.B. ADVISORY BOARD Demeter ATTILA, U.B.B. Aurel CODOBAN, U.B.B. Zev HARVEY Dorothy NOYES Nicu GAVRILUTA, U. Al. I Cuza, Iasi Ohio State University Stefan ILOAIE, U.B.B. Aziz AL-AZMEH Hebrew University of Jerusalem American University of Beirut Moshe IDEL Dan RATIU, U.B.B. Moses NODA, U.B.B. Ioan BIRIS, Univ. de Vest, Timisoara Hebrew University of Jerusalem Traian ROTARIU, U.B.B. Nicoleta POPA, U. A. Vlaicu, Arad Vasile BOARI, U.B.B. Marius JUCAN, U.B.B. Leonard SWIDLER Calin SAPLACAN, U.B.B. Ioan CHIRILA, U.B.B. Ioan-Vasile LEB, U.B.B. Temple University Ana-Elena ILINCA, U.B.B. Teodor DIMA, U. Al. I Cuza, Iasi SALAT Levente, U.B.B. Ioan TULCAN Michael FINKENTHAL, Hebrew Mircea MICLEA, U.B.B. Aurel Vlaicu University Leon VOLOVICI MANUSCRIPT EDITOR: University of Jerusalem Adrian MIROIU, SNSPA, Bucharest Hebrew University of Jerusalem Horatiu CRISAN Mircea FLONTA, U. Bucharest Camil MURESANU, U.B.B. Ladislau GYEMANT, U.B.B. Toader NICOARA, U.B.B. Jean-Jacques WUNENBURGER Liviu POP (html version) Universite Lyon III Contents Acknowledgements 4 STUDIES AND ARTICLES TOLERANCE AND RECONCILIATION MINORITIES AND (IN)TOLERANCE SANDU FRUNZA LADISLAU GYEMANT Religious Fundamentalism and the Globalization of The Romanian Jewry: Intolerance 5 Historical Destiny, Tolerance, Integration, CAMIL MURESANU Marginalisation 85 Reflexii neortodoxe despre toleranta DELIA DESPINA DUMITRICA Unorthodox Thoughts on Tolerance 17 Uniate /vs./ Orthodox: What Lays behind the Con- NICU GAVRILUTA flict? On Tolerance and Acceptance of the Other 22 A conflict analysis 99 NÓDA MÓZES PÉTER EGYED Toleranta : etica si/sau politica? The Roman Catholic Denominational Education be- Tolerance : Ethics and/or Politics ? 28 tween the World Wars 115 IOAN VASILE LEB EVA M. SYNEK The Limits of Religious Tolerance a European Per- The Orthodox Church and the Minority Cults in Inter- spective 39 War Romania (1918-1940) 131 MESTER BÉLA JOSEPH A. FAVAZZA Reconciliation : On the Border between Theological The Connection between the Unitarian Thought and and Political Praxis 52 Early Modern Political Philosophy 142 ONUFRIE VINTELER IOAN CHIRILA On Tolerance - Sketch of a Christian Interpretation The Community of Lipovean Russians from Romania 65 158 KAROLY VERESS The Interpretive Possibilities of the Paradox of the Minority Condition 72 JSRI No.3 /Winter 2002 2 CERASELA MARIA VIRLANBLAJ CODRUTA CUCEU Comunitatile catolice din Moldova George Voicu, The Evil Gods. The Culture of Con- Studiu de caz - Satele cu populatie romano catolica spiracy in post-communist Romania 233 din vecinatatea orasului Roman Catholic Moldavian Communities. Case Study : Ro- OVIDIU PODAR man-Catholic Villages near Roman 167 Sandu Frunza, Iubirea si Transcendenta. O introducere la problema spatiului median al MARIA BOARIU experientei religioase in Iudaism si Crestinismul The Veil as Metaphor of French Colonized Algeria Rasaritean . Love and Transcendence. An Introduction 173 to the Problem of the Median Space of Religious Experience in Judaism and Eastern Christianity 237 S.C.I.R.I. CONFERENCES BOGDAN S. PECICAN LEVENTE SALAT Publilius Syrus, Maxime . Maxims 239 The Challenge of Diversity RALUCA CIURCANU Answers and Dilemmas 189 Michel Foucault, Istoria nebuniei in epoca clasica . MIHAELA MIROIU The History of Madness in Classical Age 244 Fetzele patriarhatului. Faces of Patriarchy 208 LORIN GHIMAN BOOK REVIEWS The Romanian Journal of Society and Politics 248 ALINA BRANDA RALUCA MOCAN Andrei Oisteanu, The Image of the Jew in Romanian Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, Omul politic intre mit si Culture 251 ratiune - o analiza a imaginarului puterii The Political Man between Myth and Reason - an Analysis of the Imaginary of Power 228 JSRI No.3 /Winter 2002 3 Acknowledgements We, the editors of JSRI, would like to express our gratitude towards several persons and institutions. We are especially grateful to the members of the Advisory Board, who supervised the texts from this issue and from the previous ones, and who made invaluable sug- gestions. Special thanks are addressed to Diana Cotrau and Michael Jones, for their efforts to review and cor- rect the English texts. We also acknowledge our grati- tude towards all the authors who contributed to this is- sue. Partial funding for the 2002 issues was given by the Open Society Institute, New York, through the pro- gram Grant for Open Access Journals. The opinions expressed herein are the authors own and do not nec- essarily express the view of OSI. We are especially grateful to Melissa Hagemann and Marta Lukacs, and we thank them for their support and encouragement. The Editorial Team of JSRI Cluj, December 2002 JSRI No.3 /Winter 2002 4 Sandu Frunza Religious Fundamentalism and the Globalization of Intolerance After the fall of communism, there emerged the idea To many thinkers, the end of the Cold War seemed that ideology was extinguished, and that ideological to open a new era, one in which the world either should conflict has been reduced to silence. The increasing have been under the monopoly of a great power and importance of the new spiritual rebirth movements there should have been no more room for ideological conflicts, or the world should have become a multiplic- raises the question of the global phenomenon of the ity of powers, without an ideological pattern. resurrection of ideologies on a religious basis. The Far from the anticipated end of ideologies, we are experience of secularization involves a secularization today facing new ideological patterns, seeking to take of identity. We have chosen as an example the case of part in this vast game of globalization. The end of ide- Marxism, with its attempt at a reconstruction of ologies is only a myth, lying alongside other myths: the identity with the help of the disenchanting of religion death of art, the death of philosophy, the death of reli- and the theorizing of the praxis. As a consequence of gion, etc. the crisis caused by the secularization of identity, It is true that modernity determines a deep change SANDU FRUNZA today we are facing new religious movements. These in these fields, but the announcing of an end is noth- Lecturer, Ph.D., Chair of are no longer important from the point of view of their ing other then a mythical-eschatological scenario for Systematic Philosophy, the embellishment of the postmodern mans cultural Babes-Bolyai University, tradition or past, but rather are important as religious Cluj, Romania ideologies that announce the possibility of the emer- experience. The effects of modernization upon the in- e-mail: [email protected] gence of an ideological global conflict. dividual and his community seem to have a real strong JSRI No.3 /Winter 2002 5 influence upon the existence of an individual identity in imagery, from religious behaviors to ritualizing of every KEY WORDS a global world. One of the most interesting points of day life, and especially, to ritualizing of the social and -th religious fundamentalism, view on the reconstruction of identity in the XX cen- political behaviors. ideology, Marx, Lenin, iden- tury reveals the crucial role of the relationship between This phenomenon is the result of a long process, in tity, secularization, religion, religion and modernity in the dynamics of identity. Ac- which the substitution of religious principles by mod- politics, ideological conflict cording to Gilles Kepel, the causes that brought the ern ideologies gives credit, for a while, to the secular- view about the end of religion at the beginning of the ized shaping of the world. The need for myth and reli- XX-th century are the same causes which, in the 70s, gion is compensated by a series of mythologies created initiated a turning point in the relationship between reli- by European modernity. gion and politics, determining, in this context, a new re- Perhaps the most significant and the most influen- ligious discourse1 . In the context of secularization as an tial of all these mythologies, even if reduced today to a ideal to the Modern Age, Kepel perceives the birth of a lower level of activity, is the mythology of communism. movement that claims the founding of a new society Daniel Bell perceives the fact that, as early as the XIX-th upon the solid ground of the sacred. Due to the col- century, there has been an endeavor for the disen- lapse of communism in the Eastern Europe, we can see chanting of religion. The disenchanting theme finds that the reaction to the globalization of the Western some remarkable references for itself in Feuerbachs World in the ex-communist countries and in the anthropological critique of religion or in Marxs materi- worlds global relationships involves the rising of a alistic critique. This disenchanting theme has the mis- large variety of religious movements of rebirth. This sion to remove the interest from mans spiritual meta- is the basis for the rebirth of an ideological global con- morphosis towards the social change and the flict. transformation of reality2 . Following this line of argument, we mention the fact that, for Feuerbach, Religion, at least the Chris- The secularization of identity tian religion, is the approach of man towards himself or, more exactly, towards his being, but an approach to- Modernity brings a certain change of view which wards his being as towards another being. The divine determines a transfer of symbols and mechanisms, of being is nothing else but the human being, or more pre- signification and power, from the structures connected cisely: mans being separated from the enclosures of the to religion to those connected to social life, and espe- individual man, that is truly, bodily objectified, that is cially, to those connected to politics.
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