Y newyddlen ar gyfer pobl sy’n ymwneud â dehongli yng Nghymru Yn y rhifyn hwn In this issue Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: Dehongli Cymru Anturiaethau yng Nghymru yn y Cyfnod Rhamantaidd Gwanwyn Spring Curious Travellers: Interpret Wales 2015 rhifyn issue Adventures in The newsletter for people working in interpretation in Wales 21 Romantic–Era Wales

Ysgrifennwyr yn eu Tirweddau Literature in the Landscape

Y Prosiect Cartwnio’r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yng Nghymru Cartooning the First World War in Wales DEHONGLI CYMRU/INTERPRET WALES INTERPRET WALES/DEHONGLI CYMRU Rhifyn 21 Gwanwyn 2015 Issue 21 Spring 2015 Cyhoeddwyd gan Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru Published by Natural Resources Wales on behalf ar ran Gr ˆwp Llywio Dehongli Cymru. of the Dehongli Cymru/Interpret Wales Steering Group. Golygydd: Ruth Waycott Golygyddol Editorial Editor: Ruth Waycott Dylunio: Olwen Fowler Design: Olwen Fowler Argraffwyd gan: Gwasg Gomer Cyf Croeso i rifyn arall o Dehongli Cymru. Yn dilyn blwyddyn Welcome to another bumper issue of Interpret Wales. Printed by: Gomer Press Ltd Gwasanaethau Cyfieithu: Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru o ddathlu awdur enwocaf Cymru, Dylan Thomas, byddwn yn Following a year celebrating Wales’ most famous writer, Translation services: Natural Resources Wales Nod Dehongli Cymru yw ennyn brwdfrydedd y cyhoedd cymryd cipolwg ar waith dehongli sy’n gysylltiedig â llenyddiaeth. Dylan Thomas, we take a look at literary-related interpretation. Interpret Wales/Dehongli Cymru aims to enthuse the public tuag at ein treftadaeth naturiol a diwylliannol drwy gyfrwng about our natural and cultural heritage through interpretation dehongli o’r safon uchaf, a chynorthwyo dehonglwyr of the highest quality, and to support interpreters by drwy rwydweithio, hyfforddiant a rhannu arfer da. networking, training and sharing good practice. Mae’r prosiect dan ofal Gr ˆwp Llywio a gynrychiolir The project is run by a Steering Group representing gan yr asiantaethau sydd a’u logos yn ymddangos isod. the agencies whose logos appear below. ae tirweddau Cymru wedi bod yn dir ffrwythlon i gynifer o awduron elsh landscapes have provided rich pickings for so many of our a beirdd. Yn rhai o’r llenyddiaethau cynharaf sy’n sôn am dirweddau writers and poets. Some of the earliest literature about Wales MCymru aethpwyd ati i ‘ysgrifennu am leoedd’, a hynny gan deithwyr o’r Wwas ‘Place Writing’, penned by 18th century travellers who Cynnwys ddeunawfed ganrif a fu’n trafaelio ar hyd a lled Cymru i chwilio am y ‘pictiwrésg’. journeyed throughout Wales in search of the Picturesque. Some, like Contents Daeth rhai, fel Thomas Pennant, yn llenorion yn eu rhinwedd eu hunain. Yn yr Thomas Pennant, became literary figures in their own right. In the 20th 4-6 Cadw’r Drws ar Agor 7-9 Keeping the Door Open ugeinfed ganrif, ysbrydolodd tirwedd ac amgylchedd neilltuedig Eryri farddoniaeth century the landscape and secluded environment of Snowdonia inspired the Naomi Jones Naomi Jones Ellis Humphrey Evans (Hedd Wyn), y bugail o fardd a enillodd gydnabyddiaeth poetry of Ellis Humphrey Evans (Hedd Wyn), the poet-shepherd who also 10-11 Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: lenyddol mewn amgylchiadau hynod drist. Cafodd ei ladd yn y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, received literary recognition but in the saddest of circumstances. He was killed 12-13 Curious Travellers: Anturiaethau yng Nghymru heb gael gwybod ei fod wedi gwireddu ei uchelgais o ennill cadair yr Eisteddfod in WWI, never knowing he had achieved his ambition of winning the National Adventures in Romantic–Era Wales yn y Cyfnod Rhamantaidd Genedlaethol. Ganrif yn ddiweddarach, caiff ef (a 38,000 o Gymry eraill a fu Eisteddfod chair. A century later his memory (and that of the 38,000 Welshmen Mary-Ann Constance Mary-Ann Constance farw yn y Rhyfel Mawr) ei goffáu yn ei gartref yn Yr Ysgwrn. who died in WWI) is being preserved at his home, Yr Ysgwrn. Gyda Chymru yn meddu ar un o’r traddodiadau barddol hynaf a gorau With one of the oldest and best poetic traditions in the world, it's not 16-17 Literature in the Landscape 14-15 Awduron a'u Cynefin drwy’r byd, mae’n braf gweld bod beirdd y byd sydd ohoni’n cael eu surprising that our living poets are being used to great effect in the public Hollie Aldridge Hollie Aldridge defnyddio’n hynod effeithiol yn y byd cyhoeddus, yn asio barddoniaeth a’r realm, fusing poetry and the past in confident statements about who we are, 20-21 ‘Love the Words’ gorffennol mewn datganiadau hyderus am bwy ydym ni, o ble y down ni ac where we come from and where we are going. Gwyneth Lewis’ flourish of 18-19 ‘Cerwch y Geiriau’ Jo Furber i ble rydym yn mynd. Mae geiriau enwog Gwyneth Lewis ar draws Canolfan y words across the Millennium Centre grounds the building in its place and Jo Furber Mileniwm yn gwreiddio’r adeilad yn ei le a’i swyddogaeth, tra mae barddoniaeth function, whilst the work of our national poet, Gillian Clarke, at Gwent 23 Letting the view speak 22 Gadael i'r olygfa siarad ein bardd cenedlaethol, Gillian Clarke, yn Archifau Gwent yn ddwy enghraifft Archives merges poetry, architecture and interpretation. Dave Penberthy Dave Penberthy o’r modd y gellir asio barddoniaeth, pensaernïaeth a dehongli. I hope this issue shows the contribution literature and poetry has to make Gobeithio bod y rhifyn hwn yn dangos y modd y mae llenyddiaeth a to our sector. If you have been inspired to work with a Welsh writer you 26-27 The Cartooning the 24-25 Y Prosiect Cartwnio’r barddoniaeth wedi cyfrannu at ein sector. Os ydych wedi cael eich ysbrydoli i can check out The Writer’s of Wales Database on Literature Wales’ website First World War in Wales Project Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yng Nghymru weithio gydag awdur Cymraeg, beth am fwrw golwg dros Restr Awduron Cymru http://www.literaturewales.org/writers-of-wales/. Also worth looking at is the Dr Rhianydd Biebrach Dr Rhianydd Biebrach ar wefan Llenyddiaeth Cymru http://www.literaturewales.org/rhestr-o-awduron/. BBC’s free ebook which tells the story of Dylan Thomas’s life. The thread 30-31 History In Character Sbardunodd canmlwyddiant Dylan Thomas ymateb amrywiol, gan gynnwys running through the ebook is Under Milk Wood – how Dylan spent years 28-29 Mewn Cymeriad Eleri Twynog Davies teithiau llenyddol ar gefn ceffyl ac ar y d ˆwr. Mae’r BBC yn cynnig e-lyfr rhad ac working on the play, and how he drew from the people, places and experiences Eleri Twynog Davies am ddim yn adrodd hanes bywyd y bardd, ac mae’n enghraifft wych o’r modd in his past. For the Dylan centenary the BBC also produced a series of iWonder 34-35 Gwent in the Great War 32-33 Gwent yn r Rhyfel Mawr y caiff y cyfryngau eu defnyddio. Y llinyn arian sy’n rhedeg trwy’r e-lyfr yw Dan guides focusing on specific parts of Dylan’s life and work – from his influence Peter Strong Peter Strong y Wenallt – sut y treuliodd Dylan flynyddoedd yn ysgrifennu’r ddrama, a sut y on rock ‘n’ roll musicians to his wartime propaganda film scripts. The guides defnyddiodd bobl, lleoedd a phrofiadau o’i orffennol ynddi. Ymhellach, mae’r and ebooks are intended to give people a greater understanding of Dylan’s 38-39 Panels and other non-digital 36-37 Paneli ac opsiynau annigidol eraill BBC wedi cynhyrchu cyfres o arweiniadau iWonder sy’n canolbwyntio ar rannau life and work by exploring lesser-known aspects of both. They provide options - Workshop Review Sarah Douglas arbennig o fywyd a gwaith Dylan – o’i ddylanwad ar gerddorion roc a rôl i’w interesting examples of how new media is being used and how the Sarah Douglas sgriptiau ffilm propaganda adeg y rhyfel. Bwriad yr arweiniadau a’r e-lyfrau crossover between interpretation and information is often blurred. 40 AHI Gwobrau Darganfod 40 AHI Discover Heritage Awards yw gwella dealltwriaeth pobl o fywyd a gwaith Dylan trwy fynd ar drywydd I would like to thank all our contributors, who make the magazine what Treftadaeth yr AHI agweddau llai adnabyddus o’r ddau. it is – a showcase of the creativity and talent of everyone working in the Hoffwn ddiolch i’n holl gyfranwyr, sy’n rhan gwbl annatod o’r cylchgrawn – interpretation sector in Wales. Thanks also to Natural Resources Wales for Angen cysylltu â ni? enghraifft o greadigrwydd a thalent pawb sy’n gweithio yn y sector dehongli yng providing translation services once again. Please get in touch with ideas for Need to contact us? Nghymru. Diolch hefyd i Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru am ddarparu gwasanaeth future articles and events and don’t forget you can download copies of Ysgrifenyddiaeth Interpret Wales / Interpret Wales / Dehongli Cymru Secretariat Dehongli Cymru cyfieithu unwaith eto. Os oes gennych syniadau ar gyfer erthyglau a digwyddiadau, Interpret Wales from the website: www.dehonglicymru.org.uk Ruth Taylor Davies Ruth Taylor Davies cofiwch gysylltu. Hefyd, cofiwch y gallwch lawrlwytho copïau o Dehongli [email protected] [email protected] Cymru oddi ar y wefan: www.dehonglicymru.org.uk Ruth Waycott tel: 01792 881762 ffôn: 01792 881762 Editor Interpret Wales / Dehongli Cymru Newsletter Newyddlen Interpret Wales / Dehongli Cymru Ruth Waycott Ruth Waycott Ruth Waycott [email protected] [email protected] Golygydd tel: 01600 860779 ffôn: 01600 860779

Llun y clawr: Man genedigaeth Dylan, Front cover image: Dylan’s birthplace, 5 Cwmdonkin Drive. © Crown copyright (2015) 5, Cwmdonkin Drive.© Crown copyright (2015) Visit Wales Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 Visit Wales 2 3 Y croeso cyntaf i’r Ysgwrn. The first welcome cadw'r drws ar agor to Yr Ysgwrn. Pan fu farw ym Mrwydr Passchendaele yn 30 oed, yn ogystal â dod yn symbol o addewid coll ieuectid, daeth Hedd Wyn hefyd yn symbol o’r 38,000 o Gymry a fu farw yn y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf. Fel mae Naomi Jones yn esbonio, mae prosiect adfywio ar y gweill yn ei gartref yn Eryri, sy’n gyrchfan ymwelwyr annisgwyl a sydd wedi ysbrydoli pererinidodau di-rif gan ymwelwyr sydd wedi’u cyfareddu gan ei stori. Mae ei drasiedi’n un oesol sy’n berthnasol i deuluoedd a chymunedau ledled y byd a gollodd anwyliaid yn y Rhyfel Mawr.

n swatio ar lethrau deheuol Cwm Cymru. Ar ôl dod yn ail yn Aberystwyth ganrif i groesawu ymwelwyr yn tanlinellu’r Prysor, nepell o Drawsfynydd ym ym 1916, cystadlodd eto ym 1917, o balchder hwn. Daw balchder mawr â YMharc Cenedlaethol Eryri, mae’r dan y ffugenw Fleur de Lis. O lwyfan yr chyfrifoldeb mawr i ofalu am dreftadaeth Ysgwrn. Mae’r Ysgwrn yn fferm fynydd Eisteddfod Genedlaethol ym mis Medi ryfeddol y cartref hwn. Estynnwyd y 168 erw cynnil ac yn adeilad rhestredig 1917, cyhoeddwyd mai enillydd y gadair cyfrifoldeb hwn trwy genedlaethau’r teulu, Gradd II* a ddaeth i sylw’r byd ym 1917 oedd yn wir Fleur de Lis. Galwodd yr yn fwyaf diweddar i Mr Gerald Williams, fel cartref y bugail o fardd, Ellis Humphrey Archdderwydd Dyfed ar Fleur de Lis i nai Hedd Wyn. Evans. Roedd Ellis Evans, a gaiff ei adnabod sefyll ar ei draed neu ar ei thraed. Galwyd Nawdeg pum mlynedd ar ôl ei farwolaeth, yn well gan ei enw barddol, Hedd Wyn, unwaith, ddwywaith, deirgwaith, ac erbyn prynwyd Yr Ysgwrn gan Awdurdod Parc yn mwynhau ei amgylchedd anghysbell, hyn roedd hi’n amlwg na fyddai neb yn Cenedlaethol Eryri, ar gyfer y genedl, ym

Cedwir cadeiriau gan fyfyrio ar y wlad o’i gwmpas. Câi sefyll. Ym mhresenoldeb y Prif Weinidog mis Mawrth 2012. Roedd y pryniant hwn barddol Hedd Wyn ei farddoniaeth ei ysbrydoli’n bennaf gan David Lloyd George ac yn s ˆwn galar y yn bosibl gyda chymorth Cronfa Goffa’r yn y parlwr – ystafell dirwedd Eryri, cymuned leol Trawsfynydd gynulleidfa, datgelodd Dyfed mai’r bardd Dreftadaeth Genedlaethol a Llywodraeth orau’r tˆy. a’r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf – o safbwynt hiraeth adnabyddus, Hedd Wyn, oedd Fleur de Cymru. Ym mis Gorffennaf 2012, dyfarnwyd Hedd Wyn’s cymuned am ei dynion ar flaen y gad ac Lis, a fu farw chwe wythnos yn flaenorol, grant datblygu gan Gronfa Dreftadaeth y bardic chairs are Loteri i Awdurdod y Parc Cenedlaethol, kept in the parlour o safbwynt milwr. ‘rywle yn Ffrainc’. Gorchuddiwyd y gadair – the best room Bu’n filwr anfodlon, a gofrestrodd farddol, a gerfiwyd yn fedrus gan ffoadur o gan alluogi’r Awdurdod i gomisiynu’r ffilm in the house. gyda Phymthegfed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Wlad Belg, Eugeen Van Flereren, â lliain du Yr Ysgwrn, penodi dau swyddog prosiect Brenhinol Cymreig ar droad 1917 a ac mae wedi’i hadnabod byth ers hynny a chomisiynu Cynllun Treftadaeth ar gyfer hyfforddi yn Litherland, Lerpwl, cyn cael ei fel ‘Y Gadair Ddu’. Aeth y gadair wedyn Yr Ysgwrn, gan gynnwys Cynllun Rheoli anfon i Ffrynt y Gorllewin ym mis Mehefin ar daith drên epig i gartref Hedd Wyn, Cadwraeth, cynlluniau manwl, Cynllun y flwyddyn honno. Ar 31 Gorffennaf, 1917, Yr Ysgwrn, lle y mae wedi aros ers hynny, Gweithgareddau a Chynllun Busnes. Ym ychydig o wythnosau ar ôl cyrraedd ynghyd â phum cadair Hedd Wyn o mis Mai 2014, dyfarnwyd grant o £2.8miliwn Fflandrys, lladdwyd Hedd Wyn ar ddiwrnod eisteddfodau lleol, gan ddod yn llecyn gan Gronfa Dreftadaeth y Loteri i Awdurdod cyntaf Brwydr Passchendaele. Cyrhaeddodd pererindod annisgwyl i bobl sydd wedi’u y Parc Cenedlaethol, ac arian cyfatebol gan y newyddion Yr Ysgwrn ym mis Awst a cyfareddu gan hanes Hedd Wyn. Dros y Lywodraeth Cymru ac Awdurdod Parc chwe wythnos ar ôl ei farwolaeth blynyddoedd, mae’r fferm weithio wedi’i Cenedlaethol Eryri. cynamserol, datblygodd drasiedi arall. rheoli o amgylch ymwelwyr, gan gadw Ar hyn o bryd mae tua 3000 o ymwelwyr Ac yntau’n fardd ifanc llwyddiannus, addewid a wnaed i fam Hedd Wyn, i yn dod i’r Ysgwrn yn flynyddol, a nod y enillodd Hedd Wyn bump o gadeiriau “gadw’r drysau ar agor” i ymwelwyr datblygiad yw cynyddu nifer yr ymwelwyr mewn eisteddfodau lleol rhwng 1907 a o bob rhan o’r byd. mewn ffordd gynaliadwy, a gwella deallt­wr­ 1915. Roedd y dirwedd a’r elfennau yn Mae’r Ysgwrn ei hun yn ficrocosm o iaeth a hyfywedd, heb beryglu’r ymdeimlad ysbrydoliaeth i lawer o’i gerddi enwocaf, hanes cymdeithasol Cymru ar droad yr o le. Mae’r grant yn galluogi’r Awdurdod gan gynnwys Atgof, Haul ar Fynydd ac Y ugeinfed ganrif. Mae’r gegin wedi’i chadw i sefydlu amgueddfa arloesol a chyrchfan Moelwyn. Gan ddefnyddio enwau lluosog fwy neu lai fel ag yr oedd ym 1917. diwylliannol yn Yr Ysgwrn, a fydd yn (‘gorwelion’, ‘gwyntoedd’, ‘niwloedd’, Neilltuwyd y parlwr gan rieni Hedd Wyn, adlewyrchu ac yn cyfleu negeseuon oesol ‘stormydd’, ‘moroedd’) creodd ymdeimlad Evan a Mary Evans, yn gartref i’w gadeiriau Yr Ysgwrn am ddiwylliant, cymdeithas o ehangder natur a’i ryfeddod at ffenomena barddol, gan ddangos y gwerth diwylliannol a rhyfel i gynulleidfaoedd ledled Eryri, ei amgylchedd. a theuluol enfawr a roddwyd ganddyn nhw Cymru a’r byd. Uchelgais ei fywyd oedd ennill cadair yr ar ei lwyddiannau, trwy eu harddangos yn Ynghyd â chefnogaeth gan bartneriaid Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, a gellir dadlau mai ystafell orau’r tˆy. Mae’r ffaith i’r ystafell hon cenedlaethol, rhanbarthol ac o’r trydydd hwn yw’r clod mwyaf y gellid ei roi i feirdd gael ei hailaddurno’n aml drwy’r ugein­fed sector, gan gynnwys Cyfeillion Yr Ysgwrn,

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 4 5 Cwpwrdd ‘press’ yn y cyntedd. Symudwyd y dodrefn gorau o’r parlwr i wneud lle Keeping the D o o r O p e n i’r cadeiriau barddol. Press cupboard in Falling in the Battle of Passchendaele at the age of 30, Hedd Wyn became a symbol Cerfiadau deial haul a the entry. The best mytholeg cywrain ym furniture was moved not just of the abandoned promise of youth - but of the 38,000 Welshmen lost mreichiau’r Gadair Ddu. to make space for the bardic chairs. during World War I. As Naomi Jones explains, new life is being breathed into his Intricate sundial and mythological carvings Snowdownia home, an unlikely visitor destination which has inspired countless in the arms of the pilgrimages by people fascinated by his story. His is a universal tragedy, relevant to Black Chair. families and communities worldwide who lost cherished ones during the Great War. mae’r Awdurdod yn gwireddu’r weledigaeth cysylltu’r elfennau hyn, wedi’i gynrychioli gan gydag ychydig o waith adfer ar y ffermdy hon trwy amddiffyn a gwella adeiladau liw a golau penodol mewn arddangosfeydd. a defnyddio golau i amlygu agweddau ar y Cerfiadau ysblennydd hanesyddol Yr Ysgwrn a’i gasgliad unigryw Yn ganolog i’r Cynllun Rheoli Treftadaeth dreftadaeth, gan ddefnyddio strwythurau’r o’r Groes Gristnogol a’r Groes Geltaidd ar o greiriau ac archifau, gan ddarparu mae Strategaeth Emosiynol, a ddatblygwyd fferm megis waliau a giatiau i osod gefn y Gadair Ddu. cyfleoedd i addysgu a dehongli. Bydd yr i alluogi ymwelwyr i gysylltu â’r safle, ei barddoniaeth ac enwau lleoedd, taflunio Magnificent carvings of uned fferm gyfan yn elwa o'r prosiect hwn, amgylchedd hanesyddol, barddoniaeth, ffilmiau ar waliau’r beudai a mapiau wedi’u the Christian and Celtic trwy gadwraeth a dehongli holistig. Bydd themâu a gosodiadau dehongli, y dirwedd brodio er mwyn creu ymdeimlad o le. Crosses on the back y prosiect hefyd yn darparu cyfleoedd ehangach a lleoliadau yn y gymuned leol. Mae gwell ddealltwriaeth o werthoedd of the Black Chair. hyfforddi mewn sgiliau gwledig i’r cyhoedd, Mae’r dehongliad a’r Strategaeth Emosiynol cyffredinol Yr Ysgwrn, pwrpasau Parciau megis codi waliau cerrig a chadw gwenyn, yn a ddatblygwyd ar gyfer Yr Ysgwrn yn tynnu’n Cenedlaethol a gwerth cynhenid y safle ogystal â hyfforddiant treftadaeth ehangach, fawr ar nodweddion unigryw’r safle arbennig i dreftadaeth ddiwylliannol Cymru, yn gan gynnwys achyddiaeth. Bydd cyfleoedd hwn, gan greu cysylltiad emosiynol â’r safle allweddol i’r dull hwn. hefyd i wirfoddoli, mewn meysydd mor i’r rheini a chanddyn nhw ddealltwriaeth Mae’r Ysgwrn hefyd yn fferm weithio, amrywiol â garddio, tywys ymweliadau ac gref o’r Ysgwrn, yn ogystal ag i’r rheini sy’n a nod y cydweithio rhwng y tenant ac ymgymryd â gwaith ymchwil hanesyddol. llai cyfarwydd â’r lle. Mae’n hollbwysig cael Awdurdod y Parc Cenedlaethol yw gwella Mae amddiffyn yr adeiladau, yr eiddo, yr ymdeimlad o naws y safle hwn er mwyn rhinweddau arbennig tirwedd, bioamrywiaeth archifau a’r tir fferm yn hollbwysig i gynnal deall ei gymhlethdodau yn ogystal â gallu a hwsmonaeth y safle, megis ffiniau, giatiau hunaniaeth Yr Ysgwrn, gan sicrhau y cedwir myfyrio’n llawn ar y themâu dehongli. a chorsydd, a chynyddu cynhyrchiant yr hanes Hedd Wyn yng nghyd-destun y Er mwyn cadw’r adeiladau hanesyddol, uned mewn ffordd gynaliadwy. Mae dirwedd a fu’n ddylanwad arno. Bydd gan gynnwys y ffermdy, y ddau feudy presenoldeb rhywogaethau ystlumod a rhinweddau arbennig Yr Ysgwrn wrth (Beudy Tˆy a Beudy Llwyd) a’r twlc mochyn, thylluanod, ffwng a fflora ar y safle hefyd galon y dehongliad, wedi’u cydblethu a’u hailddefnyddio’n greadigol, mae angen yn darparu cyfle amhrisiadwy i ddehongli yn y pum thema ddehongli allweddol: datblygu’n sensitif er mwyn bodloni dis­gwyl­ ac arddangos bioamrywiaeth. iadau cyfoes o ran yr amgylchedd, mynediad Bydd datblygiad Yr Ysgwrn yn cael ei • bywyd a chyfraniad llenyddol Hedd Wyn, ac ymwelwyr, yn ogystal â chydymffurfio â gwblhau erbyn Haf 2017 er mwyn coffáu y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, chaniatâd statudol a goresgyn cymhlethdodau canmlwyddiant marwolaeth Hedd Wyn. • technegol. Er mwyn cynyddu mynediad i’r I ddysgu mwy am Yr Ysgwrn, ewch i • hanes cymdeithasol Cymru wledig safle, mae angen datblygiadau newydd ac www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/yrysgwrn neu ar droad yr ugeinfed ganrif, addasiadau i strwythurau presennol, y mae’n dilynwch ni ar Twitter (@yrysgwrn), rhaid i’w dyluniad fod yn sensitif i’r amgylch­ Instagram (@yrysgwrn), Tumblr iaith a diwylliant Cymru, • edd adeiledig hanesyddol a nodweddion y (www.yrysgwrn.tumblr.com) • treftadaeth amaethyddol ac arferion dirwedd ehangach, megis sied amaethyddol a Facebook (Yr Ysgwrn: Cartref Hedd rheoli tir cynaliadwy. newydd sydd wedi’i dylunio â tho gwyrdd Wyn). I drefnu ymweliad â’r Ysgwrn, byw a’i gorchuddio â llarwydd wedi’u cysylltwch â ni ar 01766 770 274 / Yn ogystal â darparu cyfle i ddysgu mwy hailgylchu o goetir Yr Ysgwrn. [email protected] am yr agweddau amrywiol ar Hedd Wyn, Bydd cynllunio o ran dehongli, gweith­ fel bardd, dyn a bugail, bydd Yr Ysgwrn gareddau a’r ochr fusnes yn ychwanegu Naomi Jones yw Pennaeth hefyd yn darparu lens i archwilio cyd-destun at y Strategaeth Emosiynol ac yn cefnogi Addysg a Chyfathrebu Awdurdod ehangach bywyd yn Yr Ysgwrn: rhyfel, datblygiadau strwythurol, trwy ddehongli Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri tirweddau sy’n ysbrydoli, barddoniaeth, cynnil, a ddyluniwyd i bwysleisio’r ff. 01766 772 517 ffermio mynydd a hanes cymdeithasol dreftadaeth. Dyluniwyd gosodiadau e. [email protected] gwledig. Hedd Wyn fydd y ddolen sy’n i amlygu rhinweddau presennol y safle, g. www.eryri-npa.gov.uk

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 6 7 Adeiladwyd Yr Ysgwrn ym 1830 ac mae’n adeilad rhestredig Gradd II*, a restrwyd fel enghraifft o fferm fynydd Gymreig o’r bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg sydd mewn cyflwr da ac oherwydd ei chysylltiadau â Hedd Wyn. Built in 1830, Yr Ysgwrn is Grade II* listed, listed as an example of a well kept Ystafelloedd y teulu yn Yr Ysgwrn, a Yn ôl Richard Bebb, mae’r gegin yn “oroesiad prin” C19 Welsh hill farm and gadwyd yn breifat oddi wrth ymwelwyr. sy’n rhoi cipolwg ar fywyd yng Nghymru wledig for its links to Hedd Wyn. The family quarters at Yr Ysgwrn, ar droad yr ugeinfed ganrif. traditionally sealed off from visitors. Described by Richard Bebb as “a rare survival”, the kitchen gives an insight to life in rural Wales at the turn of the 20th century.

unkered on the southern slopes Having come second in Aberystwyth in pride. With great pride comes a great and unique collection of chattels and Central to the Heritage Management such as walls and gates to install poetry of the Cwm Prysor valley, a stone’s 1916, he competed again in 1917, under responsibility to care for the wondrous archives, providing education and inter­ Plan is an Emotional Strategy, developed and place names, projecting films onto Hthrow away from Trawsfynydd, the nom-de-plume of Fleur de Lis. From heritage of this home. This responsibility pretation opportunities. The entire farm to enable visitors to connect between barn walls, embroidered maps to evoke in the Snowdonia National Park, stands Yr the stage of the National Eisteddfod in has been passed down through generations unit will benefit from this project, through the site, its historic environment, poetry, a sense of place. Ysgwrn. A modest 168 acre hill farm and September 1917, it was announced that of the family, most recently to Mr Gerald a holistic conservation and interpretation interpretation themes and installations, the Increased understanding of the universal Grade II* listed building, Yr Ysgwrn came the winner of the chair was indeed Fleur Williams, Hedd Wyn’s nephew. approach. The project will also provide wider landscape and locations in the local values of Yr Ysgwrn, the purposes of to international recognition in 1917, as the de Lis. Archdruid Dyfed called on Fleur de Ninety five years after his death, in training opportunities in rural skills to the community. The interpretive approach National Parks and also of the site’s intrinsic home of the poet-shepherd, Ellis Humphrey Lis to stand on their feet. He called once, March 2012, Yr Ysgwrn was purchased general public, such as dry stone walling and Emotional Strategy developed for value to Welsh cultural heritage, is key to Evans. Better known by his bardic name, twice, three times, by which time it was by the Snowdonia National Park Authority, and beekeeping, as well as broader heritage Yr Ysgwrn draw deeply on the unique this approach. Hedd Wyn (‘Blessed Peace’), he enjoyed clear that no one would stand. In the for the nation. The purchase was made training, including genealogy. Opportunities characteristics of this special site, enabling Yr Ysgwrn is also a working farm, with his secluded environment, musing on presence of Prime Minister David Lloyd possible with the support of the National to volunteer will also be available, in fields an emotional connection to the site for collaboration between tenant and the his surroundings. His poetry was mainly George and to the distress of the audience, Heritage Memorial Fund and the Welsh as diverse as gardening, guiding visits and both those with a deep understanding of National Park Authority aiming to improve inspired by the landscape of Snowdonia, Dyfed revealed that Fleur de Lis was the Government. In July 2012, the National undertaking historic research. Yr Ysgwrn, as well as those who are less the site’s special landscape, biodiversity and the local Trawsfynydd community and well known poet, Hedd Wyn, who had Park Authority was awarded a Heritage Safeguarding the buildings, chattels, familiar. Tuning into the essence of this site husbandry qualities, such as boundaries, by the First World War – both from the fallen six weeks previously, ‘somewhere in Lottery Fund development grant, enabling archives and farmland is vital to maintain is vital to understand its complexities as gates and bogs, while sustainably increasing perspective of a community’s hiraeth for France’. The bardic chair, expertly carved the Authority to commission the Yr Ysgwrn the integrity of Yr Ysgwrn, ensuring that well as to be able to fully reflect on the unit’s productivity. The presence of men at the front and that of a soldier. by Belgian refugee Eugeen Van Fleteren, film, to appoint two project officers and to Hedd Wyn’s story is preserved within the interpretation themes. bat and owl species, fungi and flora onsite He had been an unwilling soldier, was subsequently draped in a black cloth, commission a Heritage Plan for Yr Ysgwrn, context of the landscape which influenced The conservation and creative reuse of also provides an invaluable opportunity enlisting with the Fifteenth Battalion of the and has been known ever since as ‘The including a Conservation Management Plan, him. The interpretation of Yr Ysgwrn will historic buildings, including the farmhouse, to interpret and showcase biodiversity. Royal Welch Fusiliers at the turn of 1917 Black Chair’. The chair then embarked on an Activity Plan and a Business Plan. In put its special qualities at its very heart, two barns (Beudy Tˆy and Beudy Llwyd) The development of Yr Ysgwrn and training at Litherland, Liverpool, before an epic train journey to Hedd Wyn’s home, May 2014, a £2.8million Heritage Lottery woven together within the five key and a pigsty, requires sensitive development will be completed by Summer 2017, being despatched to the Western Front in Yr Ysgwrn, where it has remained, alongside Fund grant was awarded to the National interpretation themes: to meet contemporary environmental, to commemorate the centenary of June of that year. On the 31st of July, 1917, Hedd Wyn’s five local eisteddfod chairs, Park Authority, with match funding • Hedd Wyn’s life and literary contribution, access and visitor expectations, as well Hedd Wyn’s death. To learn more about a few short weeks after arriving in Flanders, ever since, becoming an unlikely place of provided by the Welsh Government and as conforming to statutory consents Yr Ysgwrn, log on to www.eryri-npa.gov. the First World War, Hedd Wyn was killed on the first day of pilgrimage for people fascinated by Hedd the Snowdonia National Park Authority. • and overcoming technical complexities. uk/yrysgwrn or follow us on Twitter the Battle of Passchendaele. The news Wyn’s story. Over the years, the working Currently visited by approximately 3000 • the social history of rural Wales at the Increasing access to the site requires new (@yrysgwrn), Instagram (@yrysgwrn), arrived at Yr Ysgwrn in August and six farm came to be managed around visitors, visitors annually, the development aims to turn of the C20, developments and alterations to existing Tumblr (www.yrysgwrn.tumblr.com) and weeks after his untimely death, further observing a promise made to Hedd Wyn’s sustainably raise visitor numbers, and to • Welsh language and culture structures, the design of which must be Facebook (Yr Ysgwrn: Home of Hedd tragedy unfolded. mother, to “keep the door open”, to visitors increase understanding and viability, • agricultural heritage and sustainable sensitive to the historic built environment Wyn). To arrange a visit to Yr Ysgwrn, A successful young poet, Hedd Wyn won from all over the world. without endangering the sense of place. land management practices. and wider landscape settings, such as a new contact us on 01766 770 274 / five chairs at local eisteddfodau between Yr Ysgwrn itself is a microcosm of Welsh The grant is enabling the Authority to agricultural shed, designed with a live [email protected] 1907 and 1915. The landscape and social history at the turn of the 20th century. establish an innovative museum and Yr Ysgwrn will not only provide an green roof and clad with larch, recycled elements, inspired several of his most The cegin (kitchen), is largely preserved as it cultural destination at Yr Ysgwrn, which opportunity to learn more about the from the Yr Ysgwrn woodland. Naomi Jones is Head of Education well known poems, including Atgo, Haul was in 1917. The parlour was designated by will reflect and communicate Yr Ysgwrn’s various facets of Hedd Wyn, as a poet, Interpretation, activity and business and Communication at Snowdonia ar Fynydd and Y Moelwyn. Using plurals Hedd Wyn’s parents, Evan and Mary Evans, timeless messages on culture, society and as a man and as a shepherd, but will also planning will enhance the Emotional National Park Authority (‘horizons’, ‘winds’, ‘fogs’, ‘storms’, ‘seas’) as the home of his bardic chairs, demon­ war, to audiences throughout Snowdonia, provide a lens to explore the broader Strategy and support structural develop­ t. 01766 772 517 he created a sense of the expanse of nature strating the mighty cultural and familial Wales and the world. context of life at Yr Ysgwrn: war, inspiring ments, through light touch interpretation, e. [email protected] and his wonder at the phenomena of his value they bestowed on his achievements, With the support of national, regional landscapes, poetry, hill farming and rural designed to accentuate the heritage. w. www.eryri-npa.gov.uk surroundings. by exhibiting them in the best room in the and third sector partners, including the social history. Hedd Wyn will be the link Installations have been designed to highlight His life’s ambition had been to win house. The fact that this room has been Friends of Yr Ysgwrn, the Authority is drawing these elements together, repre­ the site’s existing qualities, lightly restoring the National Eisteddfod chair, arguably the frequently re-decorated throughout the realising this vision by protecting and sented through specific colour and lighting the farmhouse and using lighting to highlight highest accolade awarded to Welsh poets. C20, to welcome visitors, underlines this enhancing Yr Ysgwrn’s historic buildings in exhibitions. aspects of the heritage, using farm structures

Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 8 9 m mis Medi 2014 dechreuodd Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: Canolfan Uwch Efrydiau Cymreig Ya Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru a Phrifysgol Glasgow brosiect ymchwil pedair blynedd newydd. ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: Thomas Pennant a Theithiau Anturiaethau i Gymru a’r Alban 1760-1820’. Nod y prosiect yw agor ffenestr ar adroddiadau byw (a difyr yn aml) ugeiniau o ‘deithwyr chwilfrydig’ a anelodd am gyrion Prydain yng Nghymru gan chwilio am y cyntefig, y pictiwrésg a’r aruchel - ac a ganfu yn aml yr estron a’r cythryblus, yn syfrdanol o agos at gartref. Ar adeg pan oedd cysyniadau cymharol newydd ‘Prydain Fawr’ a ‘Phrydeindod’ yn yCyfnod yn hanfodol bwysig (mater o ‘ni’ yn erbyn y Ffrancod ydoedd, wedi’r cwbl) gallai ailddarganfod ieithoedd, diwylliannau a hanesion lluosog Prydain fod yn ffactor ansefydlogol. Ond roedd hefyd yn hynod Rhamantaidd o gyffrous: chwaraeodd yr adroddiadau a adawyd gan deithwyr ran enfawr yn y Mae teithiau a wnaed yn ystod y ffrwydrad diwylliannol creadigol a alwn adnodd nas defnyddiwyd i raddau helaeth glens, and rushing waters, was on my yn Rhamantiaeth. Mae eu hetifeddiaeth, ar gyfer astudio hanes, diwylliant materol, Pwy oedd cyfnod Rhamantaidd yn adnodd feet. We sent the servant on with the Ariennir Teithwyr Chwilfrydig Thomas Pennant? eu ffyrdd o weld a disgrifio’r lleoedd y llenyddiaeth ac iaith. Ail nod y prosiect horses, and walked nearly four miles gan yr AHRC (Cyngor Ymchwil gwnaethant ymweld â hwy, wedi llywio’r Ef oedd awdur y llyfr teithio cyfoethog i’w dehongli, am eu yw darparu detholiad hael o Deithiau yng before we reached Mallwyd; chiefly y Celfyddydau a’r Dyniaethau), ffordd rydym yn meddwl am ein tirwedd gorau am Gymru yn ystod ei Nghymru a’r Alban nas cyhoeddwyd ar- in the rain; always in the mire; but ac mae’n cynnwys cydweithredu’n bod yn ymdrin â chelf ac archeoleg, heddiw i raddau helaeth. oes. Fe’i ganed yn 1726 yn lein, pob un gyda chyflwyniad byr i osod y enraptured at every step we took. agos â Llyfrgelloedd ac hanes naturiol, gwleidyddiaeth, Rydym yn dechrau gyda gwaith y Downing, sef cartref y teulu cyd-destun a dolen i gyfres o fapiau a lluniau. Amgueddfeydd Cenedlaethol naturiaethwr a’r hynafiaethwr Thomas (Catherine Hutton, 1796) yn Sir y Fflint. Aeth i Rydychen llenyddiaeth, iaith a daeareg. Bydd Ni fydd dau unigolyn yn cychwyn ar Cymru a’r Alban, Prosiect Pennant o Downing (1726-1798), y ond gadawodd heb raddio er daith gan chwilio am yn union yr un pethau, Diwylliannau Gwybodaeth Prosiect y Teithwyr Chwilfrydig yn cafodd ei deithiau arloesol yn yr Alban a Ac, mewn gwirionedd, ni all unrhyw beth mwyn teithio a chofnodi’r hyn ac mae’r adroddiadau sydd gennym yn Rhydychen a llawer o Chymru (1771-1781) eu darllen yn eang, gymryd lle cerdded - na marchogaeth, a welodd ar ei deithiau. Gallwch treulio’r pedair blynedd nesaf yn gyfareddol o amrywiol: mae arlunwyr amgueddfeydd a grwpiau gan ysbrydoli’n uniongyrchol gannoedd o hwylio, sgrialu na dringo - gan ddilyn ôl weld cyfrolau addurnedig o Richard Wilson i J. M. W. Turner yn lleol, gan gynnwys Cymdeithas astudio dyddiau cynnar teithiau bobl eraill. Mae ei arddull ‘anniwall’, sy’n troed y teithwyr cynnar diddorol hyn, sydd Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru mynd ar drywydd y pictiwrésg ac yn troi Thomas Pennant. Delweddau defnyddio gwybodaeth o rwydwaith weithiau’n fyrbwyll hefyd. Un o’r agweddau o A tour in Wales, sy’n disgrifio’r twristaidd yng Nghymru a’r Alban, dyffrynnoedd yng Nghymru a llynnoedd drwy garedigrwydd Llyfrgell trawiadol o ohebwyr, yn gwau ynghyd cyfareddol ar ysgrifennu am deithio yw’r tair taith a wnaeth drwy Gymru yn yr Alban yn ddarnau bach o’r Eidal; Genedlaethol Cymru, o’r ynghyd â threftadaeth lenyddol yr hanes naturiol, hynafiaetheg, llenyddiaeth, ffordd y mae’n creu haenau testunol rhwng 1773 a 1776, yn mae beirdd fel Wordsworth a Coleridge fersiwn wedi’i digideiddio hanes, estheteg a gwleidyddiaeth. Mae trwchus o ddisgrifiad, fel strata daearegol, www.llgc.org.uk. Cyflogodd ymwelwyr hyn. Mae Mary-Ann yn ymlusgo i fyny mynyddoedd ar drywydd o’r Extra-Illustrated Tour In archif Pennant ar wasgar ac mae’n anodd o’r un teithiau. Rydym yn annog unrhyw arlunydd llawn amser, Moses yr aruchel, neu’n breuddwydio, fel Shelley, Wales gan Thomas Pennant: Constantine yn esbonio pam ei defnyddio. Nod cyntaf y prosiect yw un sydd â diddordeb i gymryd rhan o Tour Griffith, a fu’n lletya yn Downing am Wtopïau Cymreig newydd. Mae http://www.llgc.org.uk/collections/ maent yn gobeithio perswadio catalogio miloedd o eitemau o ohebiaeth gan Pennant neu awdur arall ac aildroedio’r ac a fywiogodd ei ysgrifau drwy entrepreneuriaid uchelgeisiol yn chwilio am digital-gallery/pictures/ a’u cyflwyno mewn cronfa ddata y gellir llwybr, gan dynnu lluniau, ysgrifennu, neu gynnwys portreadau bychain o pobl eraill i ddilyn yn ôl eu traed… ddyddodiadau mwynol gwerthfawr; mae journeytosnowdon a chasgliadau ei chwilio. Bydd yr adnodd hwn yn gwella dynnu brasluniau (cyfansoddi barddoniaeth dirweddau, tai bonedd, henebion hynafiaethwyr yn ystyried cerrig derwyddol; preifat. ein gwybodaeth am rwydweithiau deallusol hyd yn oed os oes rhaid i chi) a rhannu a bywyd gwyllt yng Nghymru. mae botanegwyr yn breuddwydio am y cyfnod ac yn ein galluogi i olrhain gwaith eich profiadau ar ein blog: “I beg to be considered not as enwi math newydd o redynen. Ac er nad casglu gwybodaeth gofalus Pennant a www.curioustravellers.ac.uk. a Topographer but as a curious yw pob Twrist yn gwbl onest am yr hyn y datblygiad testunau cyfansawdd y Teithiau traveller willing to collect all that mae wedi’i weld a’i wneud a’r hyn nad yw eu hunain sydd wedi’u diwygio gryn dipyn. Yn ogystal â datblygu’r ddau adnodd a traveller may be supposed to do wedi’i weld a’i wneud mewn gwirionedd, Ysbrydolodd cyhoeddiadau arloesol electronig newydd a’r wefan, bydd in his voyage; I am the first that mae’n rhaid i’r rhan fwyaf ohonynt Pennant, ynghyd â gwaith y Parchedig ein prosiect yn astudio byd y Teithiau attempted travels at home, ddygymod â realiti arw teithio: y llaid, William Gilpin ar estheteg y pictiwrésg yn drwy gynadleddau, digwyddiadau ac therefore earnestly wish y glaw, y ffyrdd ofnadwy a’r llety sy’n fyw Nyffryn Gwy a oedd yr un mor ddylanwadol arddangosfeydd. Rydym yn awyddus for accuracy.” o chwain. Mae rhai ohonynt yn cerdded (ac, yn fwy ymarferol, seilwaith trafnidiaeth hyd yn oed: i glywed gan grwpiau a chymdeithasau Thomas Pennant, Mai 1773. gwell) ddosbarth canol a oedd yn fwyfwy lleol sydd â diddordeb mewn cynnal cyfoethog i archwilio cyrion pellaf Prydain. The sublimity of the scenes shook my anerchiadau, teithiau cerdded neu Mae cannoedd o adroddiadau cyhoeddedig nerves. The only way in which I could ddigwyddiadau gyda ni: cysylltwch â a llawysgrif o brofiadau twristiaid yn ffurfio contemplate these towering hills, woody [email protected]. Thomas Pennant

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21

10 11 Curious travellers:

Curious Travellers is funded by the AHRC (Arts and Adventures in Humanities Research Council), and involves close co-operation with the National Libraries and Romantic-Era Wales Museums of Wales and Scotland, the Oxford Cultures of Knowledge Project, and Romantic-period tours are a rich resource for interpretation, fundamentally shaped the way we One of the fascinating aspects of travel many local museums and groups, including the Thomas opening out into art and archaeology, natural history, politics, think about our landscape today. writing is the way it creates thick textual Our starting point is the work Many tourists to the Wye Valley layers of description, like geological strata, Pennant Society. Images literature, language and geology. The Curious Travellers Project of naturalist and antiquarian Thomas took advantage of the specially of the same journeys. We are encouraging courtesy of the National will be spending the next four years exploring the early days Pennant of Downing (1726-1798), adapted tour boats which carried anyone who is interested to take a section Library of Wales, from the of tourist travel into Wales and Scotland, along with the literary whose pioneering tours in Scotland and them downstream from Ross to of a Tour by Pennant or another writer and digitized version of Thomas Wales (1771-1781) were widely read, Chepstow. They could write and to retrace the route, taking photos, writing, Pennant’s Extra-Illustrated Tour legacy of these visitors. Mary-Ann Constantine explains why directly inspiring hundreds of others. His sketch, regardless of the weather, sketching (even breaking into verse if you In Wales : http://www.llgc.org. they’re hoping to persuade others to follow in their footsteps… ‘omnivorous’ style, drawing on information under the canopied cover! must), and to share your experience on uk/collections/digital-gallery/ from an imposing network of corres­ (Samuel Ireland, 1797) our blog: www.curioustravellers.ac.uk. pictures/journeytosnowdon and private collections. “I beg to be considered not as a pondents, weaves together natural history, Besides developing the two new antiquarianism, literature, history, aesthetics electronic resources and the website, Who was Topographer but as a curious traveller and politics. Pennant’s archive is scattered go chasing the picturesque and turn our project will be exploring the world Thomas Pennant? willing to collect all that a traveller Welsh valleys and Scottish lochs into little may be supposed to do in his voyage; and difficult to use. The first aim of the of the Tours through conferences, Dr Mary-Ann Constantine is Author of one of the finest pieces of Italy; poets like Wordsworth and I am the first that attempted travels project is to catalogue thousands of items events and exhibitions. We are keen Senior Research Fellow, University travel books about Wales Coleridge struggle up mountains after the at home, therefore earnestly wish of correspondence, and present them to hear from local groups and societies of Wales Centre for Advanced of his time. A tour in Wales sublime, or dream, like Shelley, of new for accuracy.” in a searchable data-base. This tool will interested in hosting talks, walks or Welsh & Celtic Studies. describes the three journeys improve our knowledge of the intellectual Welsh Utopias. Ambitious entrepreneurs other events with us: please contact e. mary-ann.constantine he made through Wales Thomas Pennant, May 1773. networks of the period, and allow us to hunt for valuable mineral deposits; [email protected]. @cymru.ac.uk. from 1773 to 1776. He trace both Pennant’s careful information antiquarians ponder druidical stones; employed a full time artist, n September 2014 the University gathering, and the development of the botanists dream of naming a new type Moses Griffith, who lodged of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh composite and much-revised texts of of fern. And though not all Tourists are at the Pennant family home Iand Celtic Studies (CAWCS) and the the Tours themselves. strictly honest about what they have and of Downing in Flintshire and University of Glasgow began a new four- Pennant’s trail-blazing publications, have not actually seen and done, most enlivened his writing with year research project. ‘Curious Travellers: combined with the equally influential of them do have to put up with the grim vignettes of Welsh landscapes, Thomas Pennant and the Welsh and work of the Reverend William Gilpin realities of travel: the mud, the rain, the gentry houses, antiquities and Scottish Tour 1760-1820’. The project on the aesthetics of the picturesque in terrible roads and flea-ridden lodgings. wildlife. View the National aims to open a window onto the vivid the Wye Valley (and, more practically, an Some of them even walk: Library Wales’ extra-illustrated and often entertaining accounts of scores improved transport infrastructure) inspired volumes at: www.llgc.org.uk of ‘curious travellers’ who headed for an increasingly affluent middle class to The sublimity of the scenes shook the peripheries of Britain in search of the explore the furthest reaches of Britain. my nerves. The only way in which primitive, the picturesque and the sublime Hundreds of published and manuscript I could contemplate these towering - and often found the foreign, and the accounts of tourist experiences form a hills, woody glens, and rushing unsettling, surprisingly close to home. At still largely untapped resource for the waters, was on my feet. We sent a time when the relatively new concepts study of history, material culture, literature the servant on with the horses, of ‘Great Britain’ and ‘Britishness’ were and language. The second aim of the and walked nearly four miles of vital importance (it was ‘us’ against the project is to make a generous selection before we reached Mallwyd; chiefly French, after all) the rediscovery of Britain’s of unpublished Tours of Wales and in the rain; always in the mire; but multiple languages, cultures and histories Scotland available online, each with a enraptured at every step we took. was potentially destabilising. But it was short contextualizing introduction and (Catherine Hutton, 1796) also hugely stimulating: the accounts left linked to a series of maps and pictures. by travellers played a huge part in the No two travellers set off looking for And there is, really, no substitute for creative cultural explosion we know as quite the same things, and the accounts walking - or riding, sailing, scrambling or Romanticism. Their legacy, their ways of we have are fascinatingly varied: artists climbing - in the wake of these engaging, seeing and describing the places they visited, from Richard Wilson to J. M. W. Turner and occasionally foolhardy, early travellers.

Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21

12 13 cynefin ei blentyndod a’i yrfa gynnar; y 1930au. Ymchwiliodd yr hanesydd a’r Dinbych-y-pysgod wedi gofyn am amlinelliad gwyliau haf ym Mhenrhyn Gˆwyr; ei fywyd adolygydd yr Athro Peter Stead i effaith o’r wibdaith i’w defnyddio fel rhan o raglen fel oedolyn yn Sir Gaerfyrddin; a helyntion hyn ar enaid ac ysgrifennu Dylan. Roedd g ˆwyl 2013. Mae gwariant yn y seilwaith ei wraig Caitlin yn mynd ar gefn merlyn ar y wibdaith yn cynnwys ymweliad ag lleol hefyd yn ennyn diddordeb busnesau ei phen ei hun ar hyd lonydd deiliog Cwm arddangosfa ‘Abertawe Dylan’ yn - er enghraifft, gwnaethom weithio gyda Aeron. Roedd y rhaglen hyd yn oed yn Amgueddfa Abertawe (yr oedd Dylan gwestai annibynnol Welsh Rarebits ar cynnwys app Dylan Thomas ar ffurf Taith mae’n debyg yn ei galw yn “a museum gynigion preswyl a bwyta a gwobrau Gerdded o Greenwich Village yn Efrog which belongs in a museum”), araith gan cystadlaethau fel rhan o raglen Odyssey Newydd. Gellir ei lawrlwytho o iTunes Sidney Roe, a gafodd ei fagu yn yr un ardal Dylan. Mae’r camau gweithredu hyn i’w fwynhau yn eich amser eich hun. â Dylan ac a welodd y blits yn Abertawe, yn cefnogi’r syniad bod gr ˆwp o bobl sy’n Roedd uchafbwyntiau rhaglen a dangosiad o rai o’i ffilmiau propaganda cyrraedd i ymweld â’ch pentref, eich tafarn, Odyssey Dylan yn cynnwys Ceredigion yn La Charrette, sinema mewn hen eich llwybr troed, yn beth cadarnhaol - yn Dylan Thomas: Llareggub a’r Llew Du gerbyd trên. creu balchder ac incwm o bosibl. Yn achos a Rhyfel Dylan Thomas: Yr Heddychwr, y Gwibdeithiau mwyaf poblogaidd Odyssey Dylan Thomas dangoswyd bod twristiaeth Propagandydd a Blits Abertawe. Treuliodd Dylan yn 2014 oedd y diwrnodau bwtîc a’r lenyddol wedi bod yn gyfrwng hynod Awduron a'u Cynefin Thomas a’i deulu lawer o’r rhyfel yn byw gwibdeithiau mwy unigryw neu anturus, fel effeithiol i ailennyn diddordeb cynulleidfa­ Gan fentro i fyd dehongli dan n 2008, lansiodd Llenyddiaeth gan gynulleidfaoedd y cyfle i brofi’r dirwedd mewn tai ar Arfordir Ceredigion neu’n agos y daith ar gefn ceffyl yng Nghwm Aeron. oedd ledled y byd yn y bardd enwog o Cymru raglen o wibdeithiau mewn ffyrdd newydd ac annisgwyl, er ato a dechreuodd taith Dylan Thomas o Gwnaeth nifer sylweddol o bobl (63%) Gymru, i ailddarganfod y dyn y tu ôl i’r arweiniad pobl, mae Llenyddiaeth Yllenyddol mewn bws o’r enw enghraifft marchogaeth gyda’r bardd Owen amgylch Ceredigion yn un o’i hoff dafarndai a fynychodd wibdeithiau Odyssey Dylan chwedl, ac i ailwerthuso ei waith yng nghyd- Awduron a’u Cynefin, a aeth ag ymwelwyr Sheers i weld Ysgyryd Fawr, y mynydd bach - Y Llew Du. Arweiniodd Gillian Clarke, dreulio amser yn yr ardal leol honno destun yr amgylchedd a ddylanwadodd ac Cymru wedi bod yn cynnig i ganol y byd sydd wedi ysbrydoli awduron a ysbrydolodd ail gasgliad o gerddi Owen. Bardd Cenedlaethol Cymru a bywgraffydd cyn neu ar ôl y wibdaith, gan brynu a effeithiodd gymaint ar ei fywyd a’i waith. teithiau llenyddol nid yn unig ar a llenyddiaeth Cymru. Roedd y gyfres Dylan Thomas, sef Andrew Lycett daith llyfrau mewn siopau llyfrau lleol, ymweld gychwynnol hon yn cynnwys tair gwibdaith “…roedd ddoe yn ddiwrnod gerdded drwy Gei Newydd Dylan, gan â thafarndai lleol, ac aros dros nos mewn Cyhoeddir rhaglen Twristiaeth droed, ond mewn cwch ac ar a gynlluniwyd i roi cyflwyniad ymarferol i’r gwirioneddol wych....Roedd ymweld â rhai o’r lleoedd a addaswyd llefydd gwely a brecwast a gwestai cyfagos. Lenyddol 2015 y gwanwyn hwn tirweddau a’r lleoliadau sydd wedi ysbrydoli yn hudolus bod yn rhan o’r ganddo ar gyfer ei ddrama enwog i leisiau, Teithiodd llawer o’r rhai a oedd yn ar: www.llenyddiaethcymru.org gefn ceffyl hefyd. Gan gredu bod gwaith awduron Cymru, Raymond Williams, dirwedd honno, a chlywed geiriau Under Milk Wood. bresennol ar gyfer gwibdeithiau Talacharn neu ffoniwch 029 2047 2266 Alun Lewis a Margiad Evans. Mae ein ysbrydoledig Owen Sheers amdano Fel heddychwr a rhywun oedd ag ofn a Sir Gaerfyrddin bellteroedd hyd yn oed gan dirweddau y gallu i ysbrydoli Hollie Aldridge yw Rheolwr Digwyddiadau Rhaglen Digwyddiadau Twristiaeth tra roeddem yno. Roedd yn gorfodaeth filwrol, roedd yr Ail Ryfel Byd yn fwy ac aros dros nos, a gwnaeth rhai hyd a Marchnata Llenyddiaeth Cymru, y creadigrwydd a dylanwadu ar Llenyddol flynyddol wedi datblygu llawer ddiwrnod gwirioneddol wych yn ei gythryblu. Gan symud rhwng Llundain yn oed aros yn Nhalacharn am wythnos. cwmni cenedlaethol ar gyfer datblygu ers ei sefydlu wyth mlynedd yn ôl, a bellach, a fydd yn byw am byth yn y cof…” a gorllewin Cymru, gweithiodd ar ffilmiau Nid ydym byth yn cynnal ein gwibdeithiau llenyddiaeth yng Nghymru. awduron a darllenwyr fel ei gilydd, yn ogystal â’r gwibdeithiau cerdded a bws propaganda yn ogystal â chreu rhai o’i llenyddol fwy ag unwaith, maent yn brofiadau e. [email protected] mwy traddodiadol, mae gwibdeithiau wedi’u Ymhlith uchafbwyntiau’r gwibdeithiau ddarnau llenyddol mwyaf tywyll a thrist. unigryw ond yn gynyddol mae cymunedau mae eu tywyswyr wedi bod yn cynnal ar gefn ceffyl, ar gefn beic, gyda mae Joe Dunthorne a Craig Roberts yn Aeth gwibdaith Rhyfel Dylan Thomas drwy lleol wedi ymrwymo i’r cysylltiadau llenyddol cheffyl a cherbyd a hyd yn oed mewn ‘Submarine Swansea’; ‘Y Gorllewin Abertawe, yr effeithiodd y rhyfel arni’n dwysach ac wedi datblygu eu gweithgareddau mynd â phobl i weld tirweddau caiac. Ni fyddai gwibdaith lenyddol mewn Gwyllt’ gyda Niall Griffiths, Cynan ddifrifol, ar hyd strydoedd a ddinistriwyd eu hunain. Er enghraifft, mae taith gerdded llenyddol Cymru, fel yr esbonia can ˆw neu ar gefn ceffyl wedi ymddangos Jones a Samantha Wynne-Rhydderch; gan fomiau i’r mannau a oroesodd, gan Waldo Williams o 2009 wedi cael ei yn bosibl rai blynyddoedd yn ôl, ond 'Llenyddiaeth Neolithig Ynys Môn' gyda fyfyrio ar golled ddinistriol y mannau yr haddasu ac wedi cael ei chynnal sawl Hollie Aldridge. rydym wedi gwneud hynny, a’r gwibdeithiau Rhys Mwyn a Fiona Collins; ‘Riotous arferai Gang Kardomah fynd iddynt yn gwaith drosodd, ac mae Gˆwyl Gelfyddydol hynny oedd y profiadau llenyddol awyr Rhondda’ gyda Rachel Trezise, Boyd agored mwyaf cofiadwy ers blynyddoedd. Clack a Dai Smith; ‘Eglwysfach’ R S Thomas Dros y blynyddoedd mae ein gwibdeithiau gyda Damian Walford Davies; Tessa Hadley wedi cyflwyno llenyddiaeth i gynulleidfa­oedd ar ‘The London Train’; ac Arthur Machen newydd mewn lleoliadau annisgwyl yn yn Nyffryn Wysg gyda Catherine Fisher. nhirwedd amrywiol Cymru, gan alluogi Dathlwyd canmlwyddiant geni Dylan pobl i gysylltu â llenyddiaeth mewn ffyrdd Thomas ledled Cymru a’r byd yn 2014. newydd annisgwyl. Rydym wedi ymweld Roedd cyfraniad Llenyddiaeth Cymru ei â thirweddau trefol cosmopolitan, pentrefi hun i’r flwyddyn ganmlwyddiant yn cynnwys gwledig, trefi ôl-ddiwydiannol, rhostiroedd Odyssey Dylan - cyfres o 23 o wibdeithiau ucheldirol ac arfordiroedd ysgubol dramatig. llenyddol unigryw wedi’u hysbrydoli gan Mae pob un o’r tirweddau hyn, rhai yn Dylan Thomas. Ar droed, mewn cwch, gyfareddol, eraill yn ddwys, yn hollol unigol can ˆw ac ar gefn ceffyl, ymchwiliodd y ac yn drawiadol yn ei rhinwedd ei hun. gwibdeithiau i fyd Dylan Thomas drwy Fodd bynnag, mae gan bob un ohonynt ei leoedd, ei bobl a’i eiriau. afael grymus dros yr awdur y mae wedi Roedd rhaglen ‘Odyssey Dylan’, a dylanwadu arno a’i ysbrydoli. Caiff pob gefnogwyd gan Lywodraeth Cymru, yn gwibdaith ei llunio a’i theilwra i’r awdur cynnwys gwibdeithiau a ymchwiliodd i’r penodol unigol a’r lleoliad dan sylw. Mae berthynas agos rhwng Dylan a Thalacharn;

Taith Blodeuwedd. Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 14 15 In a refreshing foray into people- led interpretation Literature Wales through his places, his people and his words. explored war-torn Swansea, through been adapted and re-run several times, has been delivering literary tours The Dylan Odyssey programme, which the sites of streets ravaged by bombs to whilst Tenby Arts Festival requested a tour was supported by Welsh Government, the places which survived, examining the outline to use as part of their 2013 festival not just on foot, but by boat and included tours exploring Dylan’s close devastating loss of the 1930s Kardomah programme. Expenditure in the local relationship with Laugharne; his childhood Gang haunts. Historian and critic Professor infrastructure also incentivises business on horseback. Believing that and early career haunts in Swansea; Peter Stead explored the effect of this interest – for example, we worked with summer holidays in Gower; his adult life on Dylan’s psyche and writing. The tour Welsh Rarebits independent hotels to offer landscapes have the potential to in Carmarthenshire; and his wife Caitlin’s included a visit to the ‘Dylan’s Swansea’ residential and dining package deals and inspire creativity and to influence solitary pony rides in the leafy lanes of exhibition at Swansea Museum (which competition prizes as part of A Dylan the Aeron Valley. The programme even Dylan reputedly called “a museum which Odyssey. These actions support the idea writers and readers alike, their included a Dylan Thomas app in the shape belongs in a museum”), a talk by Sidney that a group of people arriving to visit your of a Walking Tour of Greenwich Village in Roe, who grew up with Dylan and exper­ village, your pub, your footpath, is seen guides have been taking people New York. This can be downloaded from ienced the Swansea Blitz, and a screening of as a positive thing – a source of pride and iTunes for people to enjoy in their own time. some of his propaganda films in La Charrette, potentially of income. In the case of Dylan out into the literary landscapes of Highlights from the A Dylan Odyssey a cinema within an old train carriage. Thomas, literary tourism has proved to Wales, as Hollie Aldridge explains. programme included Dylan Thomas’ The most popular A Dylan Odyssey be a highly effective vehicle to re-engage Ceredigion: Llareggub and The Black Lion tours in 2014 proved to be the boutique audiences across the world with the great and Dylan Thomas’ War: The Pacifist, The days and the more unique or adventurous Welsh poet, to rediscover the man behind Propagandist and the Swansea Blitz. The tours such as the horse trek in the Aeron the legend, and to re-evaluate his writing Thomases spent much of the war living in Valley. A significant number of people in the context of the environment that houses on or near the Ceredigion Coast (63%) who attended the A Dylan Odyssey so influenced and impacted upon his life Writers in their Landscapes and the Dylan Thomas’ Ceredigion tour tours spent time locally before or after the and work. started at one of Dylan’s favourite pubs - tour, purchasing books at local book stores, n 2008 Literature Wales launched a right. However, each one has in common Tour highlights have included Joe The Black Lion. National Poet of Wales visiting local pubs, and staying overnight programme of literary bus tours entitled the powerful hold it has over the writer Dunthorne and Craig Roberts in Submarine Gillian Clarke and Dylan Thomas biographer at B&Bs and hotels nearby. Most of the The 2015 Literary Tourism IWriters in their Landscapes, taking visitors it has influenced and inspired. Every tour Swansea; The Wild West with Niall Griffiths, Andrew Lycett led a guided walk through tour-attendees for the Laugharne and programme will be announced this into the heart of the worlds which have is individually crafted and tailored to the Cynan Jones and Samantha Wynne- Dylan’s New Quay, including some of the Carmarthenshire tours travelled greater spring on: www.literaturewales.org inspired the writers and literatures of Wales. specific author and location in question. Rhydderch; Neolithic Literary Anglesey places which he adapted for his famous distances and stayed overnight, some or call 029 2047 2266 This initial series included three tours Audiences have the opportunity to with Rhys Mwyn and Fiona Collins; Riotous play for voices, Under Milk Wood. even staying in Laugharne for a week. designed to give a practical introduction to experience the landscape in new and Rhondda with Rachel Trezise, Boyd Clack A pacifist and terrified of conscription, We never repeat our literary tours, the landscapes and locations that inspired unexpected ways, for example horse riding and Dai Smith; RS Thomas’ Eglwysfach with Dylan was disturbed by the Second World they are one-off unique experiences, but Hollie Aldridge is Events and the work of Welsh writers Raymond with the poet Owen Sheers to glimpse Damian Walford Davies; Tessa Hadley on War. Migrating between London and west increasingly local communities have taken Marketing Manager at Literature Williams, Alun Lewis and Margiad Evans. Skirrid Fawr, the small mountain which the London Train; and Arthur Machen in Wales, he worked on propaganda films as on the heightened literary associations and Wales, the national company for the Our annual Literary Tourism Events inspired Owen’s second poetry collection. the Usk Valley with Catherine Fisher. well as crafting some of his darkest, saddest developed their own activity. For example, development of literature in Wales. Programme has developed dramatically The centenary of Dylan Thomas’ birth literature. The Dylan Thomas’ War tour the Waldo Williams walk from 2009 has e. [email protected] since its inception eight years ago and now, “…what a truly amazing day was celebrated across Wales and the world as well as the more traditional walking and yesterday was….It was magical to in 2014. Literature Wales’ own contribution coach trips, tours have taken place on be in that landscape, and to hear to the centenary year included A Dylan horseback, bicycle, horse and carriage, and Owen Sheers’ breathtaking words Odyssey – a series of 23 unique Dylan even by kayak. A literary tour on canoes or about it while we were there. It Thomas-inspired literary tours. Taken on on horseback might have seemed unthink­ was a really spectacular day that foot, by boat, canoe and on horseback, able a few years ago, but we’ve done it, and will live long in my memory…” the tours explored Dylan Thomas’ world they were some of the most memorable outdoor literary experiences in years. Over the years our tours have taken literature to new audiences in unexpected locations in Wales’ varied landscape, allowing people to connect with literature in surprising new ways. We’ve visited cosmopolitan urban landscapes, rural villages, post-industrial towns, lonely highland moors and dramatic sweeping coastlines. Each of these landscapes, some subtly captivating, others profound, is distinctly individual and striking in its own Photo: © Andrew Dally

Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 16 17

Gweithdy crefft Dydd Sadwrn. A Saturday craft Ar ganmlwyddiant geni Dylan workshop. Thomas, 27 Hydref 2014, agorwyd arddangosfa barhaol Dathlu pen-blwydd Dylan Thomas newydd am y bardd yng yn 100 oed. Celebrating Nghanolfan Dylan Thomas Dylan Thomas’ 100th birthday. yn Abertawe. Awn ar daith trwy’r Arddangosfa ‘Carwch y Geiriau’ gyda Jo Furber. ‘Cerwch y Geiriau’ Canolfan Dylan Thomas. rwy gyllid gan Gronfa Dreftadaeth baneli testun a gwrthrychau o’n Casgliad recordiadau trwy byst gwrando, gan Dan y Wenallt, gan ein hatgoffa bod gwyliau ysgol, yn cynnwys digwyddiadau The Dylan Thomas Centre. y Loteri Cymru a Dinas a Sir Dylan Thomas. Gwnaethom ddewis ein gynnwys cadeiriau cyfforddus â seinyddion Thomas yn ysgrifennu ym mhob ffurf a agoriadol yn ystod wythnos pen-blwydd TAbertawe, yr her oedd dehongli gwrthrychau’n ofalus; a lle y bo’n bosibl, dyfeisgar ynddynt. oedd ar gael iddo. Mae’r prosiect hefyd Dylan, â pheintio wynebau yn seiliedig bywyd a gwaith Dylan Thomas mewn caiff unrhyw lyfrau eu harddangos ar agor Mae dau osodiad yn cynnig golwg yn cynnwys gwagle arddangos newydd ar yr anifeiliaid ym marddoniaeth Dylan ffordd a fyddai’n apelio at ymwelwyr o bob ar ddarn perthnasol o waith Dylan, i fanylach ar agweddau gwahanol ar Dylan. dros dro er mwyn i ni allu arddangos Thomas, a chacen pen-blwydd anferth oed, a lefelau gwahanol o ddiddordeb a ddarparu haen arall o wybodaeth. Mae un yn canolbwyntio ar yr awdur, gan rhagor o’n casgliad ein hunain yn ogystal yn cynnwys model o Dylan yn eistedd arni. gwybodaeth. Gan mai ninnau yw canol­ Yn rhan o’r llinell amser ceir Llwybr ddangos ei gyhoeddiadau helaeth, a pha â benthyciadau o ddeunydd o ansawdd Mae gweithgareddau eraill wedi cynnwys bwynt rhyngwladol Dylan Thomas, rydym Pobl, sy’n cynnig sylwebaeth fwy manwl mor galed y bu’n rhaid iddo weithio i’w uchel, megis yr arddangosfeydd Llyfrau gweithdai ar greu eich llyfrau barddoniaeth yn denu amrywiaeth eang o ymwelwyr o ar dros 50 o ffrindiau, teulu a chysylltiadau cyhoeddi. Yn debyg iawn i awduron heddiw, Nodiadau a Llawysgrifau yn 2014, sy’n consertina eich hun ac amser stori Nadolig nifer fawr o wledydd. Mae rhai eisoes yn proffesiynol Dylan. Roeddem am bwysleisio bu’n rhaid iddo anfon cerddi i gylchgronau, cynnwys deunydd o archifau Dylan Plentyn. Mae gwaith Dylan yn gyfoethog hoff iawn o’i waith, ac eraill yn cael eu nad oedd yn gweithio mewn gwagle datblygu cofnod o gyhoeddiadau, cystadlu Thomas ym Mhrifysgol Buffalo. iawn o ran delweddaeth a phynciau, denu gan y mythau sydd wedi datblygu o’i diwylliannol, ac mae’r rheini dan sylw’n mewn cystadlaethau a rhoi darlleniadau. Mae’r arian hwn wedi rhoi cyfleuster o’r felly mae digon o gwmpas i ddatblygu’r amgylch. Bu ein harddangosfa flaenorol ar cynnwys pobl mor amrywiol â Pablo Mae’n edrych ar ei ddulliau cyfansoddi, radd flaenaf i ni, a gallwn bellach ddatblygu gweithgareddau hyn. Dylan Thomas ar agor er 2001, ac roedd Picasso, Igor Stravinsky ac Arthur Miller. ei ffynonellau ysbrydoliaeth a’i gyd-destun ac ehangu ein gweithgarwch o’i amgylch. Mae teitl yr arddangosfa yn deillio o angen ei hadfywio. Dangosodd y broses Yn y cyfamser, gall ymwelwyr iau ddilyn diwylliannol. Mae sgrin gyffwrdd yn hoelio Yn ogystal â rhan gyfalaf y prosiect, mae’r gyfarwyddyd olaf Dylan i gast Efrog Newydd ymgynghori a ymgymerwyd fel rhan o gam Llwybr y Plant o gwmpas y Llinell Amser, sylw’r ymwelwyr ag un o gerddi mwyaf arian yn cynnwys rhaglen tair blynedd o Dan y Wenallt. Roedd Dylan, a oedd yn datblygu’r prosiect fod pobl o’r farn bod sy’n seiliedig ar yr anifeiliaid a’r adar sy’n adnabyddus Dylan, ‘Do not go gentle into waith dysgu ac allgymorth. Yn ystod y chwarae prif ran yn ogystal â chyfarwyddo’r gormod o eiriau yn yr hen arddangosfa, ymddangos yn ei gerddi. that good night’, ac yn archwilio’r technegau broses ymgynghori, roedd diddordeb perfformiad cyntaf hwn, wedi annog y cast ac o bosibl roedd yn anodd ei dilyn. Roedd Mae darluniau deuamgrwm a thyllau sbïo gwahanol a ddefnyddiwyd ynddi. mawr mewn rhai o faterion iechyd Dylan drwy ddweud ‘Carwch y Geiriau’, ac rydym angen adnodd mwy dramatig a deinamig a ar uchderau gwahanol trwy’r llinell amser, Gwagle dramatig yw’r ail osodiad yn Thomas, ac agweddau o’i fywyd megis ei yn gobeithio y bydd ein harddangosfa a’n fyddai’n ymgysylltu â phobl ac yn annog pobl ac mae hefyd nodweddion rhyngweithiol edrych ar Dylan y perfformiwr, ac mae’n anhawster wrth reoli arian, felly mae ein gweithgareddau’n ysbrydoli pobl i wneud i ymweld dro ar ôl tro gan gynnig rhagor eraill yn cynnig agwedd ysgafn ar straeon a cynnwys ffilm arbennig sy’n cynnwys Dylan prosiectau allgymorth yn adlewyrchu hyn. hyn. i’r gymuned leol yn ogystal ag ymwelwyr. digwyddiadau amrywiol ym mywyd Dylan. ac eraill - gan gynnwys Richard Burton, Syr Cefnogir hyn gan yr arddangosfa deithiol. Trwy weithio gyda Real Studios, Mae un sgrin gyffwrdd yn mynd ar drywydd Anthony Hopkins a’r Tywysog Charles - yn Rydym hefyd yn cysylltu gweithgarwch Mae ‘Carwch y Geiriau’ ar agor y dylunwyr a oedd yn gyfrifol am yr y cerddi a ysgrifennodd Dylan mewn darllen ei waith. Ymblethir hyn â chyfwel­i­a­ â’n harddangosfeydd dros dro, a chawsom 7 diwrnod yr wythnos o 10am - arddangosfa­ boblogaidd ‘David Bowie Is’, Llyfrau Nodiadau yn ystod cyfnod creadigol dau ar ffilm, detholiad o’r ffilmiau propaganda arian trwy Clore Duffield i gynnal cyfres o 4.30pm. Mynediad am ddim. gwnaethom lunio nifer o ffyrdd creadigol iawn rhwng 15 a 19 oed. Mae un arall yn ysgrifennodd Dylan yn ystod y rhyfel, ac o weithdai â phobl ifanc ar Lyfrau Nodiadau I gael rhagor o wybodaeth, i ddweud stori Thomas trwy ddarparu mynd ar drywydd manylion amgylchiadau ffilmiau gwahanol o Dan y Wenallt. Dylan. Mae sesiynau crefft rheolaidd i ewch i www.dylanthomas.com haenau o wybodaeth. Trwy linell amser ei farwolaeth yn Efrog Newydd, bythefnos Mae dyfyniadau o’i waith i’w gweld oedolion a phlant sy’n defnyddio llinellau rhyngweithiol gan ddechrau â geni Thomas ar ôl ei ben-blwydd yn 39 oed. trwy gydol yr arddangosfa, sy’n parhau i a themâu o waith Dylan yn ysgogiad iddynt, yn Abertawe ym 1914, a dod i ben â’i Roeddem am i’r arddangosfa fod yn bwysleisio Dylan yr awdur, gan annog pobl boed yn Nadolig Plentyn yng Nghymru ym Mae Jo Furber yn Hannah Ellis, wyres Dylan, yn farwolaeth yn Efrog Newydd ym 1953, lluosogaethol, yn dweud hanes Dylan trwy i ddarllen ymhellach. Dewiswyd detholiadau mis Rhagfyr, neu ddetholiadau o’i lythyrau arddangosfa ei Lyfrau Nodiadau. Swyddog Llenyddiaeth Hannah Ellis, Dylan’s Granddaughter, bydd yr ymwelwyr yn dysgu am y prif leisiau pobl eraill yn ogystal â thrwy ei waith o gerddi, straeon byrion, darllediadau radio, caru ym mis Chwefror. Rydym yn cynnal yn Ninas a Sir Abertawe. in the Notebooks Exhibition. ddigwyddiadau ym mywyd Thomas trwy ei hun, er mwyn i bobl allu gwrando ar sgriptiau ffilmiau, llythyrau ac wrth gwrs, gweithgareddau galw heibio yn ystod e. [email protected]

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 18 19

On the centenary of

Dylan Thomas’s birth, Yr arddangosfa ‘Caru’r Geiriau’. ‘Love the Words’ 27 October 2014, a exhibition. new permanent exhibition Dathlu pen- blwydd Dylan Thomas yn about the poet opened 100 oed. Celebrating at the Dylan Thomas Dylan Thomas’ 100th birthday. Centre in Swansea. Jo Furber takes us through the ‘Love the Words’ Exhibition. ‘Love the Words’ ith funding from Heritage the old exhibition was too wordy, and Timeline, and other interactives offering his work. This is interwoven with interview with young people based on Dylan’s Note­ Lottery Wales and City & could be difficult to navigate. There was a light-hearted take on various stories and footage, excerpts from the propaganda books. There are regular craft sessions for WCounty of Swansea, the a need for a more engaging, dramatic and incidents in Dylan’s life. One touchscreen films Dylan wrote during the war, and adults and for children taking lines and challenge was to interpret the life and dynamic resource which would encourage explores the early poems Dylan wrote in from different films of Under Milk Wood. themes from Dylan’s work as their prompt, work of Dylan Thomas in a way that repeat visits and offer more for the local Notebooks during an incredibly creative There are quotes from his work through­ whether it’s A Child’s Christmas in Wales in would appeal to visitors of all ages, and community as well as visitors. phase between the ages of 15 and 19. out the exhibition, which keep the emphasis December, or extracts from his love letters different levels of interest and knowledge. Working with Real Studios, the designers Another explores in detail the circumstances on Dylan the writer, and encourage people in February. We run drop in activity during As the international Dylan Thomas hub, we responsible for the acclaimed ‘David Bowie around his death in New York, two weeks to read further. Excerpts have been chosen school holidays, including the opening events Prosiect Ffotograffiaeth Dragon Arts attract a wide range of visitors from a huge Is’ exhibition, we devised a number of after his 39th birthday. from poetry, short stories, radio broadcasts, in Dylan’s birthday week, with face painting yn ymweld â Thalacharn. Outreach work Dragon Arts Photography number of countries. Some already love creative ways in which to tell Thomas’ We wanted the exhibition to be pluralistic, film scripts, letters and, of course, Under based on the animals in Dylan Thomas’ Project visits Laugharne. his work, while others are attracted by the story by providing layers of information. and tell Dylan’s story through the voices Milk Wood, reminding us that Thomas poetry, and a giant birthday cake with a myths that have grown up around him. Through an interactive timeline beginning of other people as well as via his own wrote in all the forms available to him. model Dylan seated atop it. Other activities 'Nadolig Plentyn yng Nghymru', stori â thema Nadoligaidd. Our previous Dylan Thomas exhibition with Thomas’ birth in Swansea in 1914, and work, so people can listen to recordings The project also includes a new temporary have included workshops on creating your 'A Child’s Christmas in Wales', had been open since 2001, and needed ending with his death in New York in 1953, at listening posts, including comfy chairs exhibition space, so we can display more own concertina poetry books, and A Child’s themed story time. refreshing. The consultation process under­ visitors learn about the major events in with ingenious built-in speakers of our own collection as well as loans of Christmas story time. Dylan’s work is taken as part of the development stage of Thomas’ life via text panels and objects Two installations offer a more detailed high quality material, such as the Dylan extraordinarily rich in imagery and subject the project indicated that people felt that from our Dylan Thomas Collection. We look at different aspects of Dylan. One Thomas Notebooks and Manuscripts matter, so there is plenty of scope for chose our objects carefully; and where focuses on the writer, showing his extensive exhibitions in 2014, comprising material developing these activities. possible, any books are displayed open at publication record, and how hard he from the University at Buffalo’s Dylan The exhibition takes as its title Dylan’s a relevant piece of Dylan’s work, to provide worked to get into print. Much like today’s Thomas holdings. final instruction to the New York cast of another layer of information. writers, he had to send poems to mag­a­ This funding has given us a world Under Milk Wood. Dylan, who starred in A People Trail runs through the timeline, zines, build a publication record, enter class facility, and we can now develop and and directed this premier performance, offering more detailed commentary on competitions and give readings. It looks expand our activities around it. As well as encouraged his cast to ‘Love the Words’, over 50 of Dylan’s friends, family and at his methods of composition, sources the capital part of the project, the funding and we hope that our exhibition and professional contacts. We wanted to make of inspiration, and his cultural context. A covers a three year programme of learning activities inspire people to do just that. it clear that he wasn’t operating in a cultural touchscreen engages the visitor with one and outreach work. During consultation, a vacuum, and those featured include figures of Dylan’s most famous poems, ‘Do not high level of engagement was shown with ‘Love the Words’ is open 7 days as diverse as Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky go gentle into that good night’, and explores some of Dylan Thomas’ health issues, and a week from 10am - 4.30pm. and Arthur Miller. Meanwhile, younger the different techniques utilised in it. aspects of his life such as his difficulty in Entry is free. For more information, visitors can follow the Children’s Trail The second installation is a dramatic space managing money, so our outreach projects please see www.dylanthomas.com around the timeline, which is based on the looking at Dylan the performer, and includes reflect this. This is supported by the travelling animals and birds featuring in his poetry. a specially made film with Dylan and others exhibition. We also tie in activity with our Jo Furber is Literature Officer There are lenticular images and peep­ – including Richard Burton, Sir Anthony temporary exhibitions, and received Clore at the City and County of Swansea. holes at different heights throughout the Hopkins and Prince Charles - reading from Duffield funding for a series of workshops e. [email protected]

Yr arddangosfa ‘Caru’r Geiriau’. Interpret Wales, issue 21 ‘Love the Words’ exhibition. 21 Gadael i’r Letting olygfa siarad the view speak

Dave Penberthy reports on Cadw’s recent work at Laugharne Castle, where two chairs and some scatter cushions are all Man genedigaeth Dylan, 5 Cwmdonkin Drive. that’s been needed to Dylan’s birthplace, make the summerhouse 5, Cwmdonkin Drive. a space of peaceful inspiration.

Mae Dave Penberthy yn Diccon yn ysgrfiennu ei nofel ‘In Hazard’. roedd Cadw eisiau diogelu naws y lle; i f you visit Laugharne, in south west Diccon was also an established author adrodd ar waith diweddar Cadw Erbyn hyn mae gan ganolfan ymwelwyr y siarad am Thomas a Hughes hwy ill dau, Wales, you won’t fail to notice the in his own right. His most famous work castell, a adnewyddwyd yn ddiweddar, yr ond eto cadw at y syniad fod y lle hwn yn Iconnection to Dylan Thomas. You can ‘A high wind in Jamaica’, a novel about ar Gastell Talacharn, lle nid oes argraffiad cyntaf o ‘Portrait’ a gyflwynwyd fan lle gall ysgrifennwyr ac artistiaid barhau sup a pint in his local, Browns. You can visit children captured by pirates, was published ond angen dwy gadair ac ychydig gan Dylan i Diccon. i ganfod ysbrydoliaeth. Dyna pam ein bod his famous Boathouse studio and now the in 1929 and made into a film in 1965. Whilst glustogau i wneud hafdy bach yn Wrth baratoi at ddathliadau canmlwyddiant wedi gosod dwy gadair a chlustogau town’s castle has strengthened its own Dylan penned ‘Portrait’ in the summerhouse Dylan Thomas yn 2014, cafodd dehongliad (dehongliadol) er mwyn i ymwelwyr gael connection with this famous and infamous at Laugharne Castle, Diccon wrote the fan ysbrydoli heddychlon. its tranquillity; its peace. It is truly an newydd ei gomisiynu ar gyfer y castell. son of Wales. novel ‘In Hazard’. The recently refurbished inspirational place to be with its stunning Credwch neu beidio, roedd hanes diddorol Not that Cadw have jumped on the castle visitor centre now boasts a first edition views across the Tywi estuary. Working s ymwelwch â Thalacharn yn i Gastell Talacharn cyn i Dylan Thomas bandwagon. The link has always been of ‘Portrait’ inscribed by Dylan to Diccon. with Nigel McDonald of No-Nonsense ne-orllewin Cymru, bydd yn gyrraedd y dref. Mae’r dehongliad yn there and interpreted with some very old Leading up to the Dylan Thomas Interpretation, Cadw wanted to keep that Oanodd i chi beidio â sylwi ar y adrodd cyfres o storïau – ei adeiladu gan panels screwed to a wall. Dylan himself centenary celebrations in 2014, new spirit of place; to talk about both Thomas cysylltiad â Dylan Thomas. Gallwch gael arglwyddi Eingl Normanaidd ac ymosod­ described the castle as ‘brown as owls’ interpretation was commissioned for the and Hughes and yet keep the sense that peint yn ei dafarn leol, Browns. Cewch iadau arno gan dywysogion Cymru; llinach and it was whilst staying in Laugharne with castle. Believe it or not, Laugharne Castle this remains a place where writers and ymweld â’i stiwdio enwog, Boathouse, ddryslyd teulu’r de Brians (pob un wedi’u his pal Richard ‘Diccon’ Hughes that he had an interesting history before Dylan artists can still find inspiration. With this in ac erbyn hyn mae castell y dref wedi henwi’n Guy) a ychwanegasant at ei amddi­ eistedd a mwyhau’r gofod – y tu mewn wrote ‘Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog’ Thomas came to town. The interpretation mind we placed two chairs with cushions cryfhau’i gysylltiad ei hun ag un o adar ffynfeydd, a heliwr morladron Elizabeth I, ac y tu allan. Bu inni osod teipiadur yn – a collection of stories describing his tells a whole range of stories – its con­stru­c­ (interpretive) so visitors can sit and enjoy drycin enwocaf Cymru. a ddechreuodd ei droi’n blas Tuduraidd un cornel a radio yn un arall. Mae dau childhood and teens. tion by Anglo Norman lords and attacks the space – both inside and outside. We Nid bod Cadw’n ceisio dilyn y dorf. moethus cyn cael ei anfon i D ˆwr Llundain. ddetholiad byr o waith Thomas a Hughes by Welsh princes; a confusing dynasty of set a typewriter in one corner and a radio Mae’r cyswllt wedi bod yno erioed ac Ond beth ddylid ei wneud gyda Dylan wedi eu stensilio ar y muriau. Os dymunwch, de Brians (all called Guy) who added to in another. We stencilled two short passages yn cael ei ddehongli gan ychydig o hen a Diccon? Gyda 5 Cwmdonkin Drive yn gallwch hyd yn oed gynnau'r radio a its defences and Elizabeth I’s pirate hunter written by Thomas and Hughes on the walls. baneli wedi’u sgriwio i’r wal. Disgrifiad Abertawe (catref plentyndod Thomas) gwrando ar ‘ddrama radio’ fer o sgwrs who started to turn it into a lavish Tudor If you wish, you can turn on the radio and Dylan ei hun o’r castell oedd ‘mor frown a’r Boathouse, y ddau wedi’u paratoi fel rhwng y ddau awdur yn trafod eu llyfrau – mansion before being sent to the Tower listen to a short ‘radio play’ of a conversation â thylluanod’ ac yn Nhalacharn, wrth aros y bydden nhw yn amser Dylan, byddai’n cyn iddynt ymadael am y dafarn (a Dylan of London… between the two writers discussing their gyda’i ffrind Richard ‘Diccon’ Hughes, yr haws dilyn y model ac arddangos hafdy yn gofyn i’w gyfaill ‘rho But what to do with Dylan and Diccon? books – before they retire to the pub ysgrifennodd ‘Portrait of the Artist as a bach Castell Talacharn fel ffau ysgrifennwr. fenthyg deg swllt i mi’). With 5 Cwmdonkin Drive in Swansea (‘lend us ten bob’ Dylan asks his friend). Young Dog’ – casgliad o storïau’n disgrifio’i Ac, mewn gwirionedd, hyd yn oed os Gobeithio ein bod wedi crisialu hanfod (Thomas’ childhood home) and the We hope we’ve caught the essence blentyndod a’i laslencyndod. nad ‘hanes a ballu’, yw eich diddordeb Dylan Thomas a Richard Hughes yng Boathouse both dressed as they would of Dylan Thomas and Richard Hughes at Roedd Diccon hefyd yn awdur profiadol chi, mae’r gwrthrychau ac arteffactau’n Nghastell Talacharn ac wedi cadw rhin­ have been in Dylan’s time, it would be easy Laugharne Castle and retained the special ei hunan. Cafodd ei waith enwocaf ‘A high aml yn sbarduno sgwrs. weddau arbennig yr hafdy bach hwnnw. to follow the model and dress the summer­ qualities of the summerhouse. wind in Jamaica’, nofel am blant yn cael eu Nod amgen yr hafdy bach yw ei lon­ydd­ house at Laugharne Castle as a writer’s cipio gan forladron, ei chyhoeddi ym 1929 wch; ei heddwch. Mae’n lle gwirioneddol Mae Dave Penberthy’n den. And let’s face it, even if you aren’t Dave Penberthy is Head a’i gwneud yn ffilm ym 1965. Tra roedd ysbrydoledig gyda’i olygfeydd ysblennydd Bennaeth Dehongli yn Cadw. really into ‘hist’ry an’ all that’, the objects of Interpretation at Cadw. Dylan yn ysgrifennu ‘Portrait’ yn yr hafdy dros aber Tywi. Drwy weithio gyda Nigel e. [email protected] and artefacts will often spark dialogue. e. [email protected] bach yng Nghastell Talacharn, roedd McDonald o No-Nonsense Interpretation, The thing about the summerhouse is

Delweddau: © Hawlfraint y Goron (2015) Cadw, Images: © Crown Copyright (2015) Cadw, Llywodraeth Cymru Welsh Government © Hawlfraint y Goron (2015) Croeso Cymru © Crown copyright (2015) Visit Wales Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 22 23 Nid cartwnau yw’r ffynonellau Y Prosiect Cartwnio’r amlycaf ar gyfer hanes y Rhyfel

Byd Cyntaf, ond mae’r 1,350 o Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf gartwnau gwleidyddol a luniwyd yng Nghymru gan Joseph Morewood Staniforth ac a ymddangosodd yn y Western

Mail a’r News of the World trwy Ysgol Hanes, Archaeoleg a Chrefydd adael sylwadau ynghylch y cartwnau, felly Mae’r broses hon o lanhau wedi codi Prifysgol Caerdydd. Nod y prosiect yw os ceir anghytuno ynglˆyn â’r dehongliad sawl ystyriaeth, ac yn eu plith yr amser gydol y gwrthdaro yn gofnod digideiddio holl gynnyrch Staniforth o a gynigiwyd, neu os oes rhywun yn gweld sydd ei angen i lanhau rhai o’r cartwnau gyfnod y rhyfel, ac yn ystod haf 2014 rhywbeth y credant ei fod wedi’i fethu yn sydd â mwyaf o staeniau arnynt. Ond ceir rhyfeddol o sut yr oedd lansiwyd y wefan www.cartoonww1.org, yr esboniad, gallant ddweud wrthym hefyd ystyriaethau eraill, mwy cymhleth: a fydd, yn y pen draw, yn cynnwys pob amdano a gellir mynd ar ei drywydd. delweddau dilychwin sy’n ail-greu lefel digwyddiadau’n cael eu gweld un ohonynt. Er mwyn dewis y cartwnau Mae’r rhan fwyaf o’r cartwnau wedi’u eglurder y fersiynau gwreiddiol fyddai’r a allai fod o’r diddordeb mwyaf iddynt hwy, staenio ag inc ac yn fudr oherwydd dirywiad canlyniad delfrydol mewn llawer ffordd. o ddydd i ddydd wrth fyrddau gall defnyddwyr ddefnyddio cwymplenni y papur newydd gwreiddiol, ac mae nifer Bwriedir y wefan yn bennaf at ddefnydd y i chwilio fesul digwyddiad, person, pwnc fawr ohonynt wedi eu crafu’n ddrwg, gan cyhoedd yn gyffredinol, gan gynnwys plant brecwast y genedl. Mae Dr neu ddyddiad, a gellir hefyd chwilio ar adael colofnau o linellau duon yn rhedeg ysgol, a gellid barnu bod cyflwyno unrhyw hap. Ceir hefyd Ddelwedd yr Wythnos, yn fertigol ar draws y ddelwedd. Nid yn beth heblaw am ddelwedd glir iddynt yn 'A Very Creditable yn ogystal ag adnodd ‘Lightbox’ lle gall unig mae’r rhain yn flêr, ond maent hefyd ychwanegu lefel ddiangen o gymhlethdod Performance', Rhianydd Biebrach yn cyflwyno Western Mail, defnyddwyr cofrestredig storio eu mewn llawer o achosion yn amharu ar i’w dehongliad o neges y cart ˆwn. Ar y llaw 24 April 1915 casgliadau eu hunain o gartwnau. eglurder y cart ˆwn ei hun, ac felly mae’n arall, anaml y mae haneswyr yn ddigon prosiect Cartwnio’r Rhyfel Byd Mae llawer o’r delweddau can mlwydd rhaid i bob un fynd drwy broses lanhau ffodus i gael ymdrin â ffynonellau craidd oed hyn yn cyflwyno rhai heriau o ran gan ddefnyddio pecynnau meddalwedd sydd wedi cadw eu diwyg gwreiddiol yn Cyntaf yng Nghymru… dehongli i’r sylwedydd modern. Roedd sydd ar gael yn rhwydd. Cafodd darluniau llwyr. Dim ond rhai o blith y rhwystrau y Staniforth yn gweithio mewn amgylchfyd Staniforth eu creu gan ddefnyddio pen ac mae ymchwilwyr yn eu hwynebu yw inc cyfoethog ac amrywiol, ac yn ei rannu â’i inc, cyfrwng oedd yn galluogi iddo gynhyrchu wedi pylu, niwed d ˆwr neu fath arall o gynulleidfa, ond mae’n fwyfwy anghyfarwydd delweddau du a gwyn cain a chelfydd. Ceir niwed, difwyno a goroesiad rhannol. anwyd Staniforth yng Nghaerloyw i ni. Am y rheswm hwnnw, ceir ar y wefan yn aml eithaf tipyn o ofod gwyn, tra bod Ac ystyried hyn, mae’n synhwyrol yn 1863, a symudodd i Gaerdydd esboniad o hyd at 200 gair gyda phob cysgodion ac ardaloedd tywyllach yn cael eu cwestiynu a yw’n gwbl ddymunol cael Gpan oedd yn blentyn ifanc, gan cartˆwn, yn egluro’r cyd-destun hanesyddol, creu gan ddefnyddio cyfres o linellau lletraws gwared ar y dystiolaeth a adawyd gan ddechrau tynnu cartwnau i’r Western Mail yn nodi unrhyw gymeriadau go iawn neu yn agos at ei gilydd, neu groeslinellau ar werth canrif o ddefnydd, sydd yn ei hun, yn y 1880au. Ymddengys iddo ddod i ffuglennol ynddo, ac yn rhoi manylion cryno batrwm rhwyll. Rhain sy’n creu’r problemau o bosibl, yn ychwanegu haen arall o ystyr ystyried ei hun yn Gymro ac mae llawer o’i unrhyw gyfeiriadau artistig neu ddiwylliannol mwyaf wrth lanhau: nid yw’n amlwg o hyd i’r cartwnau. Nid yw’n rhwydd ateb gartwnau yn ymwneud yn agos â gwleid­ y gallai Staniforth fod wedi’u defnyddio, megis pa linellau duon syth sy’n rhai bwriadol (ac cwestiynau o’r fath, ond eto, at ddibenion yddiaeth a diwylliant Cymru. Mae ei gronicl dramâu Shakespeareaidd neu baentiadau y dylid, felly, eu gadael fel y maent) a pha y prosiect penodol hwn, y gobaith yw y o’r rhyfel yn gyforiog o wawdluniau clyfar poblogaidd. Mae’r esboniadau hyn oll rai sy’n grafiadau (ac y mae angen cael cyflwynir i gynulleidfa fodern Staniforth o unigolion megis Herbert Henry Asquith, wedi’u hysgrifennu gan griw bychan o gwared arnynt felly). Pan fo’r llinell dram­ ddelweddau sydd mor agos â phosibl o David Lloyd George a’r Kaiser, yn ogystal â wirfoddolwyr hynod ymroddedig, pob gwyddus wedi’i chanfod, gall gymryd sawl ran eglurder i’r rhai yr oedd y darllenwyr Britannia, John Bull, a chreadigaeth Staniforth un ohonynt yn amaturiaid brwdfrydig munud o waith gofalus i’w chlirio’n llwyr o’r gwreiddiol yn eu mwynhau. ei hun, sef Dame Wales, cloben o fenyw a gwybodus yn hytrach na haneswyr patrwm rhwyll heb niweidio cyfanrwydd y yn gwisgo gwisg draddodiadol Gymreig. proffesiynol. Holl ddiben y prosiect yw gwaith pen ac inc gwreiddiol. Mewn rhai Gellir gweld y cartwnau Hyd yma, dim ond ar feicroffilm y mae cyflwyno gwaith Staniforth i gynulleidfa mor achosion, mae’r crafiadau a’r staeniau inc ar www.cartoonww1.org. hi wedi bod yn bosibl gweld y rhan fwyaf o’i eang â phosibl, ac er y bydd y wefan yn yn gorwedd ar gefndir sydd hefyd wedi waith, ond yng ngwanwyn 2013 dyfarnodd sicr o ddefnydd i academyddion ac ymchwil­ colli ei liw. Mae eu glanhau, felly, yn arwain Dr Rhianydd Biebrach yw Cronfa Dreftadaeth y Loteri bron £70,000 wyr, y brif gynulleidfa y bwriadwyd hi ar at farc gwyn ar gefndir nad yw’n berffaith Swyddog Prosiect y Prosiect Cartwnio’r i Brosiect Cartwnio’r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, dan ei chyfer yw’r cyhoedd yn gyffredinol. Er wyn mwyach, ac felly mae un math o nam Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yng Nghymru. arweiniad yr Athro Chris Williams, pennaeth mwyn annog cyswllt, gall y rhai sy’n edrych yn cael ei gyfnewid am un arall. e. [email protected]

'The Minister of Munitions', Western Mail, 11 June 1915 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 24 25 Cartoons are not the most The Cartooning obvious source material for the history of the First World War, the First World War but in the approximately 1350 in Wales Project political cartoons drawn by 'Sons of Erin', Western Mail, 3 May 1916 (before cleaning). Joseph Morewood Staniforth that appeared in the Western Cardiff University’s School of History, or someone sees something that But there are Archaeology and Religion. The aim of they think may have been missed in other, more Mail and the News of the World 'Sons of Erin' the project is to digitise Staniforth’s entire the commentary, they can tell us about complex considerations: pristine images (after cleaning). wartime output, and in the summer of it and it can be followed up. that recreate the level of clarity of the throughout the conflict, we have 2014 the website www.cartoonww1.org Most of the cartoons are smudged originals would be the ideal outcome was launched, which will eventually contain and dirty due to the deterioration of the in many ways. The website is intended a fascinating record of how events every one of them. In order to select the original newspaper, and a large number for use primarily by the general public, 'An Athlete cartoons which may be of most interest to are heavily scratched, leaving columns including schoolchildren, and to present Struggling were consumed daily at the them users can use drop-down menus to of black lines running vertically across the them with anything less than a clear With a Python', 22 July 1916. search by event, person, topic or date and image. These are not only unsightly, but image could be seen as introducing an nation’s breakfast tables. Dr random searches can also be carried out. in many cases they mar the legibility of the unnecessary level of complication to their There is also an Image of the Week, and a cartoon itself and so each one has to go interpretation of the cartoon’s message. Rhianydd Biebrach introduces lightbox facility where registered users can through a cleaning process using readily On the other hand, historians are rarely store their own collections of cartoons. available software packages. Staniforth’s fortunate enough to be confronted with Many of these hundred-year-old images drawings were created using pen and ink, primary source material that entirely the Cartooning the First World present some interpretative challenges a medium which allowed him to produce retains its original appearance. Faded to the modern observer. Staniforth was elegant, tightly crafted, black and white ink, water or other forms of damage, War in Wales project… working in a rich and varied cultural milieu, images. There is often a fair amount of defacement and partial survival are merely which he shared with his audience, but white space, while shadows and darker a few of the hazards encountered by with which we are increasingly unfamiliar. areas were created using a series of closely researchers. For that reason each cartoon on the website packed diagonal, or cross-hatched lines. It Given this, it is sensible to question orn in Gloucester in 1863, is accompanied by a commentary of up is these which create the greatest problems whether it is wholly desirable to strip Staniforth moved to Cardiff as a to 200 words which explains the historical when cleaning: it is not always clear which away the evidence left by a century’s Byoung child and began cartooning context, identifies any real or fictional straight black lines are intentional (and worth of use, which in itself may add for the Western Mail in the 1880s. He characters in it, and gives brief details therefore to be left alone) and which are another layer of meaning to the cartoons. seems to have become a naturalised of any artistic or cultural references that scratches (and therefore to be taken out). Such questions are not easy to answer, Welshman and many of his cartoons Staniforth might have used, such as When the offending line has been identified yet for the purposes of this particular engage closely with Welsh politics and Shakespearean plays or popular paintings. it can take several minutes of painstaking project Staniforth’s modern audience culture. His chronicle of the war is replete These commentaries have all been written work to fully clear it from the cross- will hopefully be presented with images with clever caricatures of individuals such by a small, but very dedicated, band of hatching without damaging the integrity as near as possible in clarity to those as Herbert Henry Asquith, David Lloyd volunteers, all of whom are enthusiastic of the original pen work. In some cases which the original readers enjoyed. George and the Kaiser, as well as Britannia, and knowledgeable amateurs rather than the scratches and smudges overlay a John Bull, and Staniforth’s own invention, professional historians. The whole point background which has itself become The cartoons can be viewed the stout and matronly Dame Wales, in of the project is to bring Staniforth’s work discoloured. Cleaning them off then at www.cartoonww1.org. her traditional Welsh costume. to as wide an audience as possible, and results in a white mark on an off-white Up until now most of his work has although academics and researchers will ground, thus exchanging one form of only been available to view on microfilm, no doubt find the website useful, its main blemish for another. Dr Rhianydd Biebrach however in spring 2013 the Heritage intended audience is the general public. To Several issues have been raised by this is the Project Officer for Lottery Fund awarded almost £70,000 to encourage engagement viewers can leave cleaning process, not the least of which is The Cartooning the First the Cartooning the First World War Project, comments on the cartoons, so if there is a the length of time that is needed to clean World War in Wales Project. led by Professor Chris Williams, head of disagreement with the interpretation offered, up some of the more blemished cartoons. e. [email protected] 'Equal to the Occasion', Western Mail, September 30th 1914. Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 26 27 ros ugain mlynedd yn ôl, iawn yn ddiarwybod Yr Arglwydd Rhys yng Nghastell Cilgerran. Lord Rhys at Cilgerran Castle. yng nghwmni dau Albanwr a iddyn nhw. DGwyddeles, yn oriau mân y bore, Fe es i ati i gomisynu bûm yn rhan o drafodaeth wnaeth adael sgript, castio’r actor gryn argraff arna’i, am gyfraniad ein ifanc Ianto Phillips, a gwledydd a’n pobl i’r byd mawr. chyn pen dim roedd Roedd yn bleser clywed y tri arall yn sioe Yr Arglwydd doethinebu gyda balchder am hwn neu hon Rhys – Arwr y oedd wedi darganfod hyn neu ddyfeisio’r Deheubarth yn llall. Ar y llaw arall, roedd yn boenus a teithio ysgolion chywilyddus cyn dloted fy nghyfraniad i’r yng Ngheredigion, sgwrs - nid am fod y Cymry heb wneud Sir Gâr a Phenfro. eu marc yn y byd, ond oherwydd fy niffyg Roedd y sioe yn gwybodaeth o’n hanes ni fel cenedl. llwyddiant ysgubol Dihunais y bore wedyn, nid yn unig gyda ac felly dyma ystyried delwedd o lwy bren yn fy mhen, ond gyda’r y syniad ymhellach – awch a’r brwdfrydedd i addysgu fy hun pam ddim datblygu am bob agwedd ar hanes Cymru. portffolio o sioeau un Yn anffodus, ychydig iawn o bwyslais dyn/ferch i gynrychioli oedd yn ein hysgolion nôl yn y saithdegau yr ystod o gymeriadau ar ddysgu hanes Cymru, ac fe adewais yr allweddol sydd wedi ysgol gyda fy lefel ‘A’ Hanes, yn gwybod chwarae rhan flaenllaw dipyn mwy am Catherine the Great, yn hanes Cymru. Louis XlV a Harri’r Vlll nag y gwyddwn am A dyna oedd Yr Arglwydd Rhys, Gwenllïan a Harri’r Vll. dechrau’r cwmni Flynyddoedd lawer ers y noson honno, ‘Mewn Cymeriad/In ar ôl gweithio fel Pennaeth Marchnata Character’. Gyda a Digwyddiadau S4C am ddeuddeng chymorth creadigol mlynedd, daeth cyfle i fanteisio ar ddi­ yr actores a’r Harri Tudur yng Nghastell Rhaglan. swydd­iad gwirfoddol a dilyn fy mreuddwyd Henry Tudor at Raglan Castle. gyfarwyddwraig Janet o sefydlu cwmni fy hun. Ond roedd ’na Aethwy, datblygwyd un broblem eitha’ sylweddol, sef beth yn pedair sioe newydd - union fyddai’r cwmni hwnnw yn gwneud? Harri Tudur; ysgolion, gan ddiddanu ac addysgu Tra’n gwneud gwaith ymgynghorol i Buddug; Robert Recorde a’r Esgob dros 15,000 o blant . Ymddiriedolaeth Castell Aberteifi, dyma William Morgan. Erbyn mis Mawrth Mae wedi bod yn brofiad pleserus iawn daro ar syniad - creu sioe un dyn ar eleni, bydd gennym sioe newydd sbon ymweld â rhai o ysgolion cynradd Cymru gymeriad Yr Arglwydd Rhys. Dyma arwr fydd yn dathlu 150 o flynyddoedd ers i’r a gweld y gwaith creadigol a dadansoddol Mewn Cymeriad y Deheubarth; y Cymro cyntaf i adeiladu “Mimosa” hwylio o ddociau Lerpwl, gyda’r sy’n cael ei gyflwyno ar hanes lleol a Eleri Twynog Davies castell o gerrig, a’r g ˆwr wnaeth gynnal yr Cymry cyntaf ar fwrdd y llong, ar eu chenedlaethol. Serch hyn, nid pob ysgol Ar ôl sylweddoli ei bod yn gwybod Eisteddfod gyntaf erioed ym 1176. Byddai’r ffordd i Batagonia – diolch i gymhorthdal sy’n blaenoriaethu hanes Cymru, ond llawer am hanes Ewrop, ond ychydig sioe yn teithio ysgolion lleol, gan addysgu’r gan Gyngor Celfyddydau Cymru. gyda Llywodraeth Cymru ar fin cyhoeddu plant, trwy gyfrwng cyflwyniad theatrig yn Mae ‘Mewn Cymeriad/In Character’ yn canllawiau newydd ar sut i gyflwyno hanes, iawn am y dynion a merched a ffurfiodd llawn adloniant, am un o arwyr pwysicaf cynnig dehongliad unigryw ac yn rhoi’r cyfle y gobaith yw y bydd Cymru yn cael ei Cymru, mae un ferch busnes fentrus eu hardal a’u cenedl. i’r plant ryngweithio gyda hanes. Mae’r flaenoriaethau. Er nad yw fy addysg Hanes Cymru i wedi dechrau ar waith i wneud iawn Roedd gen i dipyn o brofiad llwyfannu cyfuniad o ffaith a chwarae, o ddychmygu sioeau i blant, wedi blynyddoedd o weld a rhesymu yn hollbwysig, a hynny trwy ymhell o fod yn gyflawn, byddai’n braf gallu am hynny. Mae cyn Bennaeth Marchnata plant bach Cymru mewn Steddfod neu gyfrwng actor neu actores fedrus a sgript cyfarfod â’m cyfeillion Celtaidd unwaith a Digwyddiadau S4C, Eleri Twynog Davies erbyn hyn yn sioe, ynghyd â’u rhieni, mamgus a tadcus, sy’n llawn gwybodaeth perthnasol i’r oed eto, er mwyn gallu cyfrannu at y sgwrs yn stwffio’u hunain fewn i theatr S4C targed. Mae pob un o’r sioeau ar gael trwy a theimlo’r un balchder o allu ymffrostio gweithio ar y cyd ag ysgrifenwyr, cyfarwyddwyr, dylunwyr i fwynhau arlwy Planed Plant, CYW a gyfrwng y Gymraeg neu’r Saesneg - ffactor yn straeon rhai o arwyr ac arwresau fy ac actorion llaw rydd i gyflawni'i gweledigaeth o addysgu Stwnsh. Y gwahaniaeth mawr y tro hwn bwysig er mwyn hyrwyddo’r ymdeimlad nghenedl. a diddanu plant drwy ddod â hanes Cymru'n fyw. Fel fyddai ceisio cyflawni nifer o ofynion y o berthyn a hunaniaith ymhlith holl blant cwricwlwm Cymreig, drwy sicrhau fod Cymru. Yn wir, ers i’r Arglwydd Rhys gamu Eleri Twynog Davies runs y mae hi’n egluro, mae’n syniad y mae wedi’i goleddu y plant, yn ogystal â chael awr o hwyl i’r llwyfan ym mis Medi 2013, mae’r cwmni Mewn Cymeriad/In Character. ers blynyddoedd lawer... a chwerthin, yn cael gwers hanes, bron wedi cyflwyno bron i 400 o sioeau mewn e. [email protected] Boudicca and the warriors. Buddug a’i ymladdwyr.

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 28 29 ver twenty years ago, in the back in 1176. The show would tour local Director Janet Aethwy, four new shows company of two Scotsmen and schools, educating and entertaining children were developed – Henry Tudor; Oan Irishwoman, in the small hours through the medium of a theatrical Boudica; Robert Recorde and Bishop of the morning, I was part of a discussion presentation. William Morgan. By March this year, which left quite an impression on me, about I had quite a bit of experience in staging we’ll have a brand new show celebrating the contribution of our countries and children’s shows, with years of witnessing 150 years since the “Mimosa” sailed from people to the wider world. the little ones with their parents, grand­ Liverpool docks, with the first Welsh people It was a pleasure to hear the other mothers and grandfathers, come and enjoy on board, on their way to Patagonia – thanks three holding forth with pride on who’d the entertainment in S4C’s pavilion at an to a grant from the Welsh Arts Council. discovered this or invented that. My own Eisteddfod or agricultural show. The Each show is available through the contribution to the conversation however difference, this time, would be to try to medium of Welsh or English: an important was painfully and shamefully limited, not realize several of the Welsh curriculum’s factor in order to promote the feeling of that the Welsh hadn’t made their mark requirements, by ensuring that the children identity amongst all Wales’ children. Indeed, in the world, but because of my lack of would get, almost without their realizing since Lord Rhys took to the stage in knowledge about our history as a nation. it, a history lesson, as well as an hour of September 2013, the company has I awoke the next morning with the image fun and laughter, presented almost 400 shows in schools, of a wooden spoon in my head, but also I commissioned a script, cast young entertaining and educating over 15,000 with the desire and enthusiasm to educate actor Ianto Phillips to the role, and children. myself about every aspect of Welsh history. soon Lord Rhys – Saviour of the Visiting some of Wales’ primary schools, Unfortunately, there was very little Deheubarth was touring schools in and seeing the creative and analytical work emphasis in our schools, back in the 1970s, Ceredigion, Carmarthenshire and presented on local and National history, on teaching Welsh history, and I left school, Pembrokeshire. The show was such a has been a very pleasurable experience. with my 'A' Level in History, knowing a success that I gave the idea some further Despite this, not all schools promote Welsh great deal more about Catherine the Great, consideration. Why not develop a portfolio history, but with the Welsh Government Pwy ddywedodd fod hanes yn ddiflas? Un cam a naid yng Nghastell Rhaglan. Who said history was boring? A hop, skip and a jump at Raglan Castle. Louis XlV and Henry Vlll than about Lord of one-man/woman shows to represent about to publish new guidelines on Rhys, Gwenllïan and Henry Vll. the variety of interesting and significant presenting history in schools, the hope is Many years since that evening, and after characters who have played a prominent that there will be more encouragement and twelve years working as S4C’s Head of role in Welsh history, and offer them to enforcement to prioritize Welsh history. Marketing and Events, an opportunity arose schools all over Wales? Though my Welsh History education is to take voluntary redundancy and follow my And that was the start of ‘Mewn far from complete, I would welcome the dream of establishing my own company. But Cymeriad/In Character’, giving children an opportunity to meet my Celtic friends there was one rather substantial problem: opportunity to interact with history through once again, so that I could contribute to what exactly would that company do? a unique interpretive experience. The the conversation and feel the same pride History Whilst doing consultative work for combination of fact and play, of imagining in being able to share the stories of some Cardigan Castle Trust, an idea struck: to and reasoning, is all-important, and brought of my nation’s heroes and heroines. create a one-man show based on Lord to life through the medium of a talented Rhys – Hero of Deheubarth. He was the actor or actress, and a script full of relevant Eleri Twynog Davies runs Mewn first Welshman to build a stone castle and information for the target age. Cymeriad/In Character. in Character the man who held the first ever Eisteddfod With the creative help of actress and e. [email protected]

Eleri Twynog Davies Realizing she knew plenty about European history, but very little about the men and women who shaped Wales, one enterprising businesswoman has set out to redress the balance. Former Head of Marketing and Events at S4C, Eleri Twynog Davies now works alongside freelance writers, directors, designers and actors to realise her vision of educating and entertaining children by bringing Welsh history to life. As she explains, Robert Recorde, y mathemategydd o'r unfed ganrif ar bymtheg, a aned yn Ninbych y Pysgod ac sy'n enwog am greu symbol yr it’s an idea she’s held dear for many years … hafal,yn helpu plant i drin ffigurau. Harri Tudur Buddug yn swyno'i chynulleidfa. Robert Recorde, the 16th century Tenby-born mathematician who Henry Tudor Boudicca captivates her audience. invented the equals sign, helps children get to grips with numbers.

Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 30 31 Cafodd yr arddangosfa ei chynhyrchu GWENT YN Y RHYFEL MAWR gyda chymorth ariannol gan CyMal (Amgueddfeydd, Archifau a Llyfrgelloedd Cymru) ac Undeb Cenedlaethol yr Athrawon. I archebu neu am ragor o fanylion cysylltwch afodd y Rhyfel Mawr effaith fawr Harold Thorn Edwards. Roedd yn fab ag Archifau Gwent ar 01495 353363 Fe chwaraeodd Gwent ran ar fywyd yn sir Gwent, gyda diffyg i gyfreithiwr o Gasnewydd, a chafodd www.gwentarchives.gov.uk. arwyddocaol yn y Rhyfel Mawr, Cbwyd yn arwain at densiynau a ei addysg yng Nghas-gwent. Treuliodd gan golli dros 5,000 o ddynion. thrais difrifol. Er bod mwyafrif y boblogaeth rywfaint o amser yn ffermio yn Affrica cyn Er mwyn cofio’r aberth hon, mae yn cefnogi’r rhyfel, roedd Cymoedd Gwent dychwelyd ar ddechrau’r rhyfel i ymuno lwfans ei dalu’n ffyddlon a chadwyd yr yn ganolfannau protestiadau yn erbyn y â Bataliwn 1af Catrawd Sir Fynwy. Uned addewid y byddai pob dyn yn cael ei swydd Archifau Gwent a changen Gwent rhyfel. Roedd arnom eisiau creu arddangosfa diriogaethol wedi’i lleoli yn ne a gorllewin yn ôl wedi iddo ddychwelyd. Ymrestrodd o Gymdeithas y Ffrynt Orllewinol a fyddai’n cyrraedd cynifer o bobl â phosibl Gwent oedd hon. Jack ac ym 1916 dyfarnwyd iddo’r Fedal wedi dod ynghyd i gynhyrchu a’u helpu i werthfawrogi effaith y gwrthdaro Ar 8 Mai 1915 roedd aelodau Bataliwn Ymddygiad Neilltuol (D.C.M.) am ‘ddewrder ofnadwy hwn. Felly mae arddangosfa 1af Sir Fynwy ar y rheng flaen ger Ypres eithriadol wrth frwydro’ yng Nghoed arddangosfa symudol ar ‘Gwent Gwent yn y Rhyfel Mawr yn cael ei chynnig pan ymosodwyd arnynt gan niferoedd Mametz ar y Ffrynt Orllewinol. Ym 1917, yn y Rhyfel Mawr’, fel y mae i lyfrgelloedd, grwpiau cymunedol ac eraill aruthrol o Almaenwyr. Gan fod y bataliwn derbyniodd y Fedal Filwrol (M.M.) am Peter Strong yn egluro. am ddim tan ddiwedd 2018. Gobeithiwn ar y dde iddynt wedi cilio oherwydd eu ‘ddewrder ar y maes’, gan ychwanegu bar yn arbennig y bydd cymunedau lleol sy’n bod wedi rhedeg allan o fwledi, roedd ati bum mis yn ddiweddarach, yn ogystal trefnu eu digwyddiadau coffáu eu hunain Bataliwn 1af Sir Fynwy mewn perygl o gael â’r Medaille Militaire (y fersiwn Ffrengig o yn defnyddio’r arddangosfa i ategu eu eu hamgylchynu. Galwodd yr Almaenwyr Groes Fictoria) a’r Croix de Guerre. gwaith eu hunain. ar i filwyr Sir Fynwy ildio, ond yn ôl llygad- Er mwyn cydnabod ei ‘ddewrder, ei Mae’r arddangosfa’n cynnwys ugain o dystion, ymatebodd y Capten Edwards fenter a’i ymroddiad amlwg i’w ddyletswydd’ faneri sy’n cwmpasu themâu gwahanol, drwy alw ‘Surrender Be Damned’ ac yn ystod yr ymosodiad ar Villers Outreaux gan gynnwys materion milwrol megis lladd adfyddino ei ddynion. Cafodd ei saethu ym 1918, dyfarnwyd Croes Fictoria iddo. niferoedd helaeth o Gatrawd Sir Fynwy ar a’i ladd yn fuan wedyn. Pan oedd ei gwmni yn dioddef colledion 8 Mai 1915, Brwydr y Somme, y rhyfel ar Ar y diwrnod hwnnw cafodd 21 o trwm yn sgil gynnau peiriant y gelyn, roedd y môr a Chroesau Fictoria Gwent. Ymhlith blith 24 swyddog Bataliwn 1af Sir Fynwy Jack wedi gorchymyn iddynt ddefnyddio y themâu eraill mae consgriptio, gwrth­ eu lladd neu eu hanafu. O blith y 500 o gwn Lewis. Yna aeth yn ei flaen dan saethu wynebwyr cydwybodol a gwrthwynebiad rengoedd eraill, cafodd 434 eu lladd, eu trwm i safle’r gelyn, gan ymosod arno, a i’r rhyfel, yn ogystal â bywyd gartref, bwyd hanafu neu eu cymryd yn garcharorion. dal 15 o filwyr y gelyn. Pan sylweddolodd a dogni, y glowyr a menywod. Dim ond 100 o ddynion a oedd yn y carcharorion fod Jack ar ei ben ei hun, Digwyddodd gweithredu llwyddiannus bresennol ar gyfer galw’r enwau y bore fe wnaethant droi arno, ond llwyddodd i cyntaf y rhyfel yng Nghasnewydd pan fu wedyn. Bu i 3ydd Bataliwn Sir Fynwy, a dorri’n rhydd, gan drywanu pump ohonynt i heddlu lleol ddal y leiner Almaenig Belgia. oedd yn ymladd ychydig filltiroedd i’r de, â bidog nes i’r gweddill ildio. Roedd y ddau aelod cyntaf o’r ‘Fyddin ddioddef colledion tebyg. O ganlyniad, daeth Roedd Jack yn un o’r rhai ffodus. Dych­ Gymreig Newydd’ (38ain Adran) i gael 8 Mai yn ddiwrnod o goffadwriaeth yng welodd i swydd gyda Chwmni Dur, Haearn eu hanrhydeddu yn dod o Went - Ngwent, yn yr un modd ag 11 Tachwedd. a Glo Glyn Ebwy (a roddodd dˆy a glo George Broadhurst o Sudbrook a Ted Gill Cafodd y darlun ei gynhyrchu ym 1935 yn a thrydan am oes iddo). Gweithiai fel o Abertyleri. Chwaraeodd lluoedd Gwent dilyn tanysgrifiad cyhoeddus a drefnwyd Commissionaire yn y Swyddfa Gyffredinol rannau arwyddocaol yn y prif frwydrau yn gan y South Wales Argus, ac mae i’w weld (sydd bellach, yn addas iawn, yn gartref Ffrainc a Fflandrys, gan gynnwys y Somme yng Nghanolfan Ddinesig Casnewydd. i Archifau Gwent), a’r rhuban coch ar a Passchendaele. A chafodd y gyfrol y gellid Roedd y milwr o Gymro a gafodd y ei labed oedd yr unig gliw i’w orffennol dadlau ei bod yn rhoi’r cofnod gorau o mwyaf o anrhydeddau am ei ran yn y arwrol a Chroes Fictoria. fywyd ar y Ffrynt Orllewinol ei hysgrifennu rhyfel, CSM John (Jack) Williams, yn dod Ni fu i ragor na 400 o ddynion eraill gan Frank Richards o’r Blaenau. o Nantyglo ac roedd yn gweithio fel gof a oedd wedi gweithio i’r Cwmni ddych­ Mae darlun o’r enw ‘May 8th’ sydd i Gwmni Dur, Haearn a Glo Glyn Ebwy welyd fyth. i’w weld yn Amgueddfa ac Oriel Gelf (EVSIC). Pan gychwynnodd y Rhyfel Byd Casnewydd yn dwyn i gof un o ddyddiau Cyntaf, dyma’r cyflogwr mawr cyntaf yn Peter Strong yw Cadeirydd Cymdeithas mwyaf erchyll y rhyfel i Sir Fynwy. Y ffigwr Ne Cymru i roi lwfans i ddibynyddion y Ffrynt Orllewinol (WFA) Gwent. yng nghanol y darlun hwn yw’r Capten dynion oedd yn ymrestru. Cafodd y e: [email protected]

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 32 33 GWENT in the great war

he Great War had a major impact end of 2018. We particularly hope that Sudbrook and Ted Gill from Abertillery. of the war, CSM John (Jack) Williams, came Gwent played a significant role on life within the county of Gwent, local communities organising their own Gwent troops played significant parts in from Nantyglo and worked as a blacksmith The exhibition was produced in the Great War losing over with shortages of food leading to commemoration events will use the the main battles in France and Flanders, for the Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal T with financial assistance from 5000 men. Remembering this severe tensions and violence. While the exhibition to supplement their own work. including the Somme and Passchendaele. Company (EVSIC). When World War I majority of the population supported the The exhibition comprises twenty banners And arguably the best memoir of life on broke out this company was the first CyMal (Museums, Archives and sacrifice Gwent Archives and the war, the Gwent Valleys were centres of covering different themes, including military the Western Front was written by Frank large employer in South Wales to give Libraries Wales) and the National Gwent branch of the Western anti-war protests. We wanted to create issues such as the decimation of the Richards of Blaina. an allowance to the dependants of men Union of Teachers. To book or an exhibition to reach as many people Monmouthshire Regiment on 8th May A painting titled ‘May 8th’ which hangs who joined up. The allowance was faithfully for further details contact Gwent Front Association have teamed as possible and help them to appreciate 1915, the Battle of the Somme, the war in Newport Museum and Art Gallery paid and the promise kept, that every man up to produce a pop-up exhibition the impact of this terrible conflict. So at sea and Gwent Victoria Crosses. Other remembers one of the most horrific days should have his job back on his return. Jack Archives on 01495 353363 the Gwent in the Great War exhibition themes include conscription, conscientious of the war for Monmouthshire. The figure signed up and in 1916 was awarded the www.gwentarchives.gov.uk. on ‘Gwent in the Great War’, is being offered to libraries, community objectors and opposition to the war, as at the centre of this painting is Captain Distinguished Conduct Medal (D.C.M.) as Peter Strong explains. groups and others free of charge until the well as life on the home front, food and Harold Thorn Edwards. The son of a for ‘conspicuous gallantry in action’ at rationing, the miners and women. Newport solicitor, he was educated in Manetz Wood on the Western Front. The first successful action of the war Chepstow and spent some time farming in In 1917, he received the Military Medal took place in Newport when local police Africa before returning upon the outbreak (M.M) for ‘bravery in the field’, five months captured the German liner Belgia. The first of war to join the 1st Battalion, Monmouth­ later adding a bar to it, as well as the two members of the ‘New Welsh Army’ shire Regiment. This was a territorial unit Medaille Militaire (the French equivalent (38th Division) to be decorated were based in south and west Gwent. of the V. C.) and Croix de Guerre. from Gwent – George Broadhurst from On 8th May 1915 the 1st Monmouthshires In recognition of his ‘conspicuous bravery, were in the front line near Ypres when initiative and devotion to duty’ during the Captain Harold they were attacked by overwhelming attack on Villers Outreaux in 1918 he Thorn Edwards. numbers of Germans. With the battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross. Suffering on their right having withdrawn because heavy casualties from an enemy machine they had run out of ammunition, the 1st gun, Jack had ordered his company to Monmouthshires were in danger of being engage it with a Lewis gun. He went surrounded. The Germans called upon forward under heavy fire to the enemy the Monmouthshires to surrender but post, which he rushed, capturing 15 enemy eye witness accounts testify that Captain soldiers. The prisoners, realising that Jack Edwards responded with the call of was alone turned on him, but he succeeded ‘Surrender Be Damned’ and rallied his in breaking away, bayoneting five so that men. He was shot and killed shortly after. the remainder surrendered. On that day 21 of the 24 officers of the Jack was one of the lucky ones. He 1st Mons were killed or wounded. Of the returned to a job with the Ebbw Vale Steel, 500 or so other ranks, 434 were killed, Iron and Coal Company (who gave him wounded or taken prisoner. Only 100 a house and coal and electricity for life). men reported for roll call the following Working as the Commissionaire at the morning. The 3rd Mons, fighting a couple General Offices (now appropriately the of miles to the south suffered similar home of Gwent Archives) the crimson casualties. As a result 8th May became ribbon attached to his lapel was the only ‘Surrender Be Damned’ a day of remembrance in Gwent, on a clue to his heroic past and Victoria Cross. May 8th Fred Roe. par with 11th November. The painting More than 400 other men who had (Amgueddfa ac Oriel Gelf Casnewydd) was produced in 1935 following a public worked for the Company never returned. (Newport Museum and Art Gallery) subscription organised by the South Wales Argus and hangs in Newport Civic Centre. Peter Strong is Chair of Gwent WFA. The most highly decorated Welsh soldier e: [email protected]

Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 34 35 Digwyddiad Dehongli Cymru ac AHI:

Paneli ac opsiynau annigidol eraill Diben Dehongli Cymru yw meithrin hyfforddiant a rhwydweithio er mwyn darparu mynediad i enghreifftiau o arfer da. Dyma a ddigwyddodd yn nigwyddiad hyfforddi diweddar Dehongli Cymru / AHI ar opsiynau annigidol ar gyfer dehongli, a gynhaliwyd yng Nghastell Caerffili. Mae Sarah Douglas yn adolygu’r digwyddiad, ac mae’r cyfranogwyr Jill Simpson a Beki Howey yn adrodd ar yr hyn y gwnaethant ei ddysgu o’r diwrnod.

astell Caerffili oedd y lleoliad cyflwyniad Dave Penberthy a oedd yn godidog ar gyfer gweithdy i drafod procio’r meddwl yn pwysleisio pwysigrwydd ‘Caniataodd y gweithdy i mi egluro ein Crôl paneli a chyfryngau annigidol dyluniad trawiadol a thestun diddorol. prosiect ‘Archaeological Way’ i’r gynulleidfa. eraill wrth ddehongli. Denodd y digwyddiad, Roedd graffeg syfrdanol cylchgronau yn Mae gennym straeon am ffatrïoedd arfau Dywedodd Jill Simpson a fu’n bresennol templedi ar gyfer ein proses werthuso ein Gadewais Gaerffili’n teimlo’n frwdfrydig, a drefnwyd ar y cyd gan Dehongli Cymru ysbrydoli ac yn heriol, yn yr un modd â rhyfel cudd a chysylltiadau rhwng tirwedd yn y gweithdy o Gastell Henllys, safle hunain. Mae sylwadau ar elfennau eraill o’r yn hapus i fod yn rhan o gr ˆwp sy’n gwneud ac AHI, gynulleidfa dda o Gymru a thros thystiolaeth weledol bod y rhan fwyaf o a hanes gan bobl leol yr holl ffordd ar hyd sy’n eiddo i Awdurdod Parc Cenedlaethol broses ddehongli newydd hefyd wedi rhoi gwahaniaeth i’r ffordd rydym i gyd yn gweld y ffin yn Lloegr. Roedd yn ddiwrnod mawr­ baneli dehongli’n edrych yr un fath. Di-ffael ein llwybr cerdded/beicio 11 milltir o hyd. Arfordir Penfro, ‘Roedd yn dda cael fy cipolwg gwerthfawr i ni ar ba welliannau a mwynhau ein treftadaeth. Mwynheais eddog, gyda llawer o ddehongli cyffrous neu ddi-fflach? Os nad yw pobl yn aros i Roedd egluro’r prosiect yn gwneud ein atgoffa gan Steven Richards Price i “ddilyn y gallem eu gwneud.’ gyflwyniadau ysgogol, trafodaethau amrywiol ac arloesol yn y castell ac enghreifftiau o edrych, nid yw eich prosiect dehongli’n blaenoriaethau a’n heriau’n fwy clir, gan y weithdrefn” wrth gynllunio prosiect Yn aml, anwybyddir profi a gwerthuso iawn, dehongliadau llawn dychymyg a safleoedd eraill i’w gweld, eu trafod a’u gweithio. Aethom ati, gan feddu ar theori a ein helpu i gynllunio’r dehongli i egluro dehongli ac i benderfynu ar ffurf y prosiectau dehongli, felly roedd yn chwrdd â chydweithwyr hen a newydd. gwerthuso. syniadau, i ganfod a gwerthuso’r prosiectau diben y llwybr. Roedd yn gysur canfod ein dehongliad ar ddiwedd y broses.’ wych clywed sut y mae Awdurdod Parc Am ddiwrnod da! Gwnaethom ymgynnull yn y Neuadd dehongli annigidol yn y castell. Roedd bod wedi cyflawni rhai o’r awgrymiadau – Fel yr eglurodd Jill, y prif atyniad yng Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog wedi Gallwch lawrlwytho modelau maes- Fawr, oeraidd ei naws, i gael croeso cynnes digonedd i’w weld gan gynnwys cerfluniau, megis lleoliad y byrddau dehongli ac Nghastell Henllys yw gallu camu yn ôl treialu a mesur ei brosiectau dehongli. brofi yma: http://www.wkkf.org/resource- gan Carl Atkinson a Ruth Taylor Davies o paneli, baneri, modelau, copïau o arfau a ystyried fandaliaeth! Roedd yr astudiaethau mewn amser i tua 300CC – trwy gerdded Roedd hefyd yn ddefnyddiol gweld y directory/resource/2006/02/wk-kellogg- Dehongli Cymru. Roedd criw o siaradwyr gatiau hyfryd. Yn ôl yn y Neuadd Fawr ymarferol o brosiectau eraill yn wych – i fyny llwybr i gaer pen-bryn wedi’i hail­ad­ deunyddiau maes-brofi a gynhyrchwyd foundation-logic-model-development-guide mawr eu bri a oedd yn cynnwys Steven cawsom gyfle priodol i gyflwyno ein barn dysgu gan y rheini sydd eisoes wedi eiladu lle mae dehonglwyr mewn gwisgoedd gan y Kellogg Foundation yn ogystal â a thempledi gwerthuso yma http:// Richards Price o Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru, a graddio enghreifftiau o ddehongli annigidol bod yn rhan o brosiectau o’r fath. yn cynnal teithiau tywysedig a sesiynau thaflenni gwerthuso a ddatblygwyd gan y www.bannaubrycheiniog.org/ Dave Penberthy o Cadw, Suzanna Jones a gasglwyd o safleoedd eraill. Gwnaethom adael yn meddwl llawer megis pobi, adrodd straeon, gwehyddu, parc. Mae hefyd yn dda cofio’r cynulleidfa­ a Sunita Welch o Awdurdod Parc Cenedl­ Newidiodd y ffocws yn y prynhawn i rhagor am ba wybodaeth ymarferol paentio wynebau ac adeiladu trwy ddull oedd sy’n cael eu ‘llusgo i’r atyniad’, a Mae Sarah Douglas yn gweithio aethol Bannau Brycheiniog a Rhiannon edrych ar dri phrosiect byw – gan gynnwys y byddai ei hangen ar ddefnyddwyr y bangorwaith a dwb. Mae paneli a fu unwaith ddisgrifiwyd mor briodol gan Lisa Brochu i Red Kite Environment Thomas o Amgueddfa Cymru. Gwnaethom y prosiect dehongli newydd yng Nghastell llwybr, a sut y gallwn ychwanegu straeon yn y gaer wedi’u symud oddi yno a bellach a Tim Merriman. e. [email protected] ddechrau â throsolwg da o ddehongli Henllys a llwybr archaeolegol Limestone i ddatgelu ystyron cudd. Gallwn gynllunio mae’r ymwelwyr yn defnyddio map llwybr Y peth olaf i ni ei drafod oedd y cyfleoedd annigidol gan Steven, a ddisgrifiodd yr hyn Journeys. Roedd yn ddiddorol iawn clywed ar gyfer taflenni, marcwyr ffordd, hunan dywys newydd i’w helpu i archwilio’r a’r heriau o gynhyrchu dehongliadau dwy­ Mae Jill Simpson yn Swyddog Dehongli yw dehongli, yr hyn y gall ei gyflawni, ar barn pobl wahanol ac roedd yn ddefnyddiol arwyddbyst, hysbysfyrddau lleol a safle. ‘Roedd yn ddefnyddiol iawn i gael ieithog, a chyflwynwyd hyn gan Rhiannon i Awdurdod Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro gyfer pwy y mae a sut i’w gynllunio’n iawn. iawn i bob un o’r cyflwynwyr. theithiau cerdded tywysedig i gyflwyno’r cyfranogwyr yn y gweithdy annigidol i Thomas. Roedd yn gyffrous clywed cymaint e. [email protected] Fel arfer, roedd yn dda i’n hatgoffa mai llwybr. Mae’r rhain yn ddewisiadau werthuso’r daflen hon. Roedd y modelau y mae hyn wedi newid a datblygu, o cynnwys, nid cyfryngau, sydd bwysicaf! Ysgrifenna Beki Howey, Rheolwr Cynllun hyblyg ar gyfer datblygiadau’r dyfodol gwerthuso (a gyflwynwyd gan Sunita Welch gyfieithu syml i ffordd o weithio fwy ystyrlon, Mae Beki Howey yn Rheolwr Wedi dweud hynny, symudom ymlaen i Limestone Journeys yng ngogledd ddwyrain i gwblhau’r llwybr.’ a Suzanna Jones) yn ddefnyddiol dros ben â straeon dyfnach a gwahanol ar gyfer Cynllun i Limestone Journeys edrych ar baneli fel cyfrwng dehongli. Roedd Swydd Derby: ac rydym wedi bod yn eu haddasu fel cynulleidfaoedd Cymru. e. [email protected]

Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 Dehongli Cymru, rhifyn 21 36 37 Dehongli Cymru & AHI event:

Panels and other non-digital options, Nov 2014 Interpret Wales exists to foster training and networking and to provide access to examples of good practice. That’s just what happened at Interpret Wales’ / AHI’s recent training event on non-digital options for interpretation, held at Caerphilly Castle. Sarah Douglas reviews the event, whilst participants Jill Simpson and Beki Howey report back on what they learnt from the day.

aerphilly Castle was the magnificent that content, not media, is king! Beki Howey, the Scheme Manager Jill Simpson, Pembrokeshire Coast Testing and evaluating interpretation is venue for a workshop to discuss That said, we moved on to look at for Limestone Journeys in north east National Park's Interpretation Officer dis­ often overlooked, so it was great to hear Cthe role of panels and other non- panels as an interpretive medium. Dave Derbyshire, writes: cussed new media at Castell Henllys, saying: how the Brecon Beacons National Park digital media in interpretation. A joint event, Penberthy’s thought-provoking presentation Authority has trialed and measured its ‘The workshop allowed me to explain our ‘It was good to be reminded by Steven organized by Dehongli Cymru and AHI, stressed the importance of arresting design interpretation. Useful too, to see field- Archaeological Way project to the audience. Richards Price to “follow the procedure” it attracted a good audience from Wales and engaging text. Stunning magazine testing materials produced by the Kellogg We have stories about hidden munitions in interpretive planning and decide the form and across the border in England. It was graphics were inspiring and challenging, as Foundation as well as evaluation sheets factories and links between landscape and the interpre­tation would take at the end of a grand day out, with lots of exciting and was visual evidence that most interpretive developed by the National Park. And history from local people all along our 11 mile the process. innovative interpretation at the castle and panels look the same. Tried and tested or good to remember the ‘dragged along’ You can download field testing models hiking/biking route. Explaining the project The main attraction at Castell Henllys examples from other sites to see, discuss tired and wasted? If people don’t stop to audiences, so aptly described by Lisa at: http://www.wkkf.org/resource- made our priorities and challenges clearer, is being able to step back in time to around and evaluate. look, your interpretation isn’t working. Brochu and Tim Merriman. directory/resource/2006/02/wk-kellogg- helping us plan interpretation to explain the 300BC - by walking up a path to a reconstructed We gathered in the Great Hall, which Armed with theory and thoughts, we The opportunities and challenges of foundation-logic-model-development-guide purpose of the trail. It was reassuring to hilltop fort where costumed interpreters do was atmospherically chilly, for a warm went out to find and evaluate the non- producing bilingual interpretation were and evaluation templates at http://www. find we had done some of the suggestions guided tours and sessions such as baking, welcome from Carl Atkinson and Ruth digital interpretation at the castle. There the last things we discussed, presented beacons-npa.gov.uk/ - such as the location of interpretation storytelling, weaving, face painting and wattle Taylor Davies of Dehongli Cymru. There was plenty to see with sculptures, panels, by Rhiannon Thomas. It was exciting to boards and thinking about vandalism! and daub building. Panels that once were located was an illustrious cast of speakers with banners, models, replica weapons and hear how much this has changed and Sarah Douglas runs Red Kite I found the practical studies from other in the fort have been removed and visitors now Steven Richards Price from Natural some beautiful gates. Back in the Great developed, from simple translation to a Environment consultancy. projects were great – learning from those use a new self-guided trail map to help them Resources Wales, Dave Penberthy Hall we very appropriately fed our views more meaningful approach, with deeper [email protected] who have already been on the road. explore the site. It was really useful to get from Cadw, Suzanna Jones and Sunita back and ranked examples of non-digital and different stories for Welsh audiences. We left thinking much more about what participants at the non digital workshop to Welch from Brecon Beacons National interpretation gathered from other sites. I left Caerphilly feeling enthusiastic, Jill Simpson is Interpretation Officer practical information trail users will need, evaluate this leaflet. We found the evaluation Park Authority and Rhiannon Thomas We changed focus in the afternoon, happy to be part of a group that makes with Pembrokeshire Coast National and how we can add stories to reveal models (presented by Sunita Welch and Suzanna from National Museum Wales. We kicked looking at three live projects – including a difference to the way we all see and Park Authority hidden meanings. We can plan for leaflets, Jones) most useful and we have been adapting off with a good overview of non-digital new interpretation at Castell Henlys, and enjoy our heritage. I’d enjoyed stimulating e. [email protected] way markers, signposts, local poster boards them as templates for our own evaluation. interpretation from Steven, running through the Limestone Journeys Archaeological Way presentations, wide-ranging discussions and guided walks to introduce the trail. Comments on other elements of the new what interpretation is, what it can achieve, It was fascinating to hear different people’s and imaginative interpretation and met Beki Howey is Scheme Manager These are flexible options for future interpretation, have also given us a valuable who it is for and how to plan it properly. views and extremely useful for each up with old and new colleagues. What for Limestone Journeys developments to complete the trail.’ insight into what improvements we might make.’ As always, it was good to be reminded of the presenters. a good day! e. [email protected]

Interpret Wales, issue 21 Interpret Wales, issue 21 38 39 Gwobrau AHI Darganfod Discover Treftadaeth Heritage yr AHI Awards Mae’r Gymdeithas Dehongli Treftadaeth (Association for Heritage AHI has re-launched its awards scheme for interpretation in UK Interpretation - AHI) wedi ail-lansio ei chynllun gwobrau am and Ireland. Sponsored by Geosho, the AHI Discover Heritage ddehongli yn y DU ac Iwerddon. Caiff Gwobrau Darganfod Awards recognise ‘excellence in cultural and natural heritage Treftadaeth yr AHI ei noddi gan Geosho, ac maent yn cydnabod interpretation in Britain and Ireland’. Past winners from Wales ‘rhagoriaeth mewn dehongli treftadaeth ddiwylliannol a naturiol ym include Ceredigion Museum and the National Waterfront Museum Mhrydain ac Iwerddon’. Mae enillwyr yn y gorffennol o Gymru yn – so make sure you apply! cynnwys Amgueddfa Ceredigion ac Amgueddfa Genedlaethol y There are seven Awards categories: Glannau felly gwnewch yn si ˆwr eich bod yn ymgeisio fel bod Museums and historic properties/sites – Cymru’n amlwg ymhlith y goreuon! 1 sponsored by Bright 3D. Mae saith categori o Wobrau: Landscapes, forests, nature reserves, parks and gardens – Amgueddfeydd ac eiddo/safleoedd hanesyddol – 2 sponsored by The Way Design. 1 noddir gan Bright 3D. Tirweddau, coedwigoedd, gwarchodfeydd natur, Visitor and interpretation centres – 3 2 parciau a gerddi – noddir gan The Way Design. sponsored by Bett Associates. Canolfannau ymwelwyr a dehongli – Community projects (developed and co-managed 4 3 noddir gan Bett Associates. by community groups) – sponsored by The Canal and River Trust. Prosiectau cymunedol (sy’n cael eu datblygu

4 Interpretation for a target audience – a’u rheoli ar y cyd gan grwpiau cymunedol) – noddir gan The Canal and River Trust. 5 sponsored by Colour Heroes. Dehongli ar gyfer cynulleidfa darged – The AHI award “Excellence in Interpretation” – 5 noddir gan Colour Heroes. 6 the best of show award Gwobr arbennig AHI. “Rhagoriaeth mewn Dehongli” - Lifetime achievement. Special award, 6 gwobr i’r gorau un. 7 for nominated individuals. Cyflawniad oes: gwobr arbennig, i unigolion AHI want the scheme to: 7 a enwebwyd yn hytrach nag i brosiectau neu sefydliadau. celebrate heritage interpretation in all its forms Dymuniad y Gymdeithas yw y bydd y cynllun yn: • be a prestigious badge of recognition for winning • dathlu dehongli treftadaeth yn ei holl ffurfiau and shortlisted entries • bod yn nod cydnabyddiaeth uchel ei barch i’r cynigion buddugol • share, encourage and showcase good interpretive practice a’r rhai ar y rhestr fer and the organisations responsible for it within the profession • rhannu, annog ac arddangos arfer dehongli da a’r cyrff sy’n and related professions gyfrifol amdano o fewn y proffesiwn a phroffesiynau cysylltiedig • publicise good interpretive practice and the organisations • rhoi cyhoeddusrwydd i arfer dehongli da a’r sefydliadau sy’n responsible for it through the media gyfrifol amdano drwy’r cyfryngau • provide interpretive evaluation to all entrants • rhoi gwerthusiad deongliadol i’r cynigion i gyd • train volunteer judges to evaluate short-listed entrants • hyfforddi beirniaid gwirfoddol i bwyso a mesur y cynigion sydd ar y rhestr fer • have experienced interpreters mentor those new to the profession or studying interpretation through the pairing of volunteer judges • cael dehonglwyr profiadol i fentora’r rheiny sy’n newydd i’r proffesiwn neu sy’n astudio dehongli drwy baru beirniaid Entry submissions are via the AHI website – www.ahi.org.uk. gwirfoddol Awards will be made at the 2015 AHI Conference in October, with a gala dinner sponsored by Haley Sharpe. Awards will be I gynnig am y gystadleuaeth ewch i wefan yr AHI - www.ahi.org.uk. announced by Loyd Grosman, Patron of AHI and Chair of the Cynhelir y seremoni wobrwyo gyntaf yng Nghynhadledd y Gymdeithas Heritage Alliance. The awards will then be held biennially. ym mis Hydref, gyda chinio mawreddog a noddir gan Haley Sharpe. Cyhoeddir enillwyr y gwobrau gan Loyd Grosman, Nodwr AHI a Chadeirydd y Gynghrair Treftadaeth. Cynhelir y gwobrau bob dwy flynedd wedyn.

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