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A Grounded Theory Study of the Experience of Parenting Through the War Experience Margaret Wilkie

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A Grounded Theory Study of the Experience of Parenting Through the War Experience Margaret Wilkie Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses CAHSS Theses and Dissertations and Dissertations 1-1-2018 Parents of War: A Grounded Theory Study of the Experience of Parenting Through the War Experience Margaret Wilkie This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Community-Based Research Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Share Feedback About This Item This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Parents of War: A Grounded Theory Study of Parenting Through the War Experience by Margaret Wilkie A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2018 Acknowledgments There are many people who contributed in a variety of ways to this project, and I would like to recognize some of them. The participants in this study were invaluable, and I deeply appreciate the time and effort that they spent in sharing their stories with me. It was truly an honor to speak with each and every one of them. I also thank my translators, who helped to facilitate both lingual and cultural communication between my participants and I. Thank you to all of those individuals who helped set up interviews and assisted me in finding participants. None of this would have been possible without your interest in this work and your willingness to help me in the midst of your busy lives helping others. My committee members gave me the inspiration to pursue the path of working directly with parents who had experienced war, and without them I might have taken the less personal, more detached path of working with statistics instead of humans. Thank you Dr. Campbell, Dr. Muvingi, and Dr. Katz for your guidance, suggestions, and patience. I want to thank my family for their unwavering support during this project. My husband, Jason, has been a huge support throughout this process. It could not have been done without you. My mother and father have pushed me to focus on this project and treat it as the important work that it is. I would also like to thank my son, Carter, who made me a parent and helped me understand the incredible love that a parent has for their child. I, like the other parents in this study, have found that to be a parent is to love immensely. This study was done for the beautiful children around the world like you, my love. Finally, I dedicate this study to all of the parents who strive to raise these amazing children, even under the most difficult circumstances. You are heroes. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ......................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction to Study ..................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 Statement of Problem ............................................................................................ 2 Statement of Purpose and Research Questions .......................................................... 5 Concepts and Definitions ........................................................................................... 6 Methodology Overview ........................................................................................... 10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 13 A Note on the Limitations of Literature Reviews in Grounded Theory Studies ..... 13 Child Development and the Importance of Parents ................................................. 14 Is There a Universal Way to Parent Effectively? ..................................................... 19 War and Parenting .................................................................................................... 30 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 3. Research Methodology, Sources, Procedures and Expectations ................. 45 Methodology – Grounded Theory Method .............................................................. 45 The Purpose of GTM is to Generate Theory ........................................................... 45 GTM Background .................................................................................................... 46 Essential Elements of a Grounded Theory Study .................................................... 50 Developing Theory Through Coding and Categories .............................................. 52 i Types of codes .................................................................................................... 53 Use of Grounded Theory Methodology for this Study ....................................... 61 First cycle coding processes ................................................................................ 71 Second Stage Data Analysis ............................................................................... 74 Chapter Summary and Conclusion .......................................................................... 78 Chapter 4 – Results ....................................................................................................... 79 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 79 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................. 84 Data Collection Method ........................................................................................... 95 Systems Used for Keeping Track of Data and Emerging Understandings ....... 104 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 105 First-Stage Coding and Analysis: Developing Concepts from Codes .............. 105 Second-Stage Coding and Analysis: Developing Categories from Concepts .................................................................................................. 111 Results .................................................................................................................... 114 Categories ......................................................................................................... 136 Properties .......................................................................................................... 140 Dimensions ....................................................................................................... 142 Theoretical Coding: Developing Theory from Categories ............................... 143 Explanation Model ............................................................................................ 150 High Exposure Parenting .................................................................................. 159 High Exposure to War Violence/Lower Impairment of Parenting ................... 162 Low Exposure of War Violence/Higher Impairment of Parenting ................... 165 ii Low Exposure to War Violence/Lower Impairment of Parenting .................... 168 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 172 Chapter 5: Conclusion.................................................................................................. 174 Final Theory: Parents are Guided by their Parenting Principles in Order to Parent ...................................................................................................... 174 Study’s Answers to Research Questions ................................................................ 187 Evaluation of Validity ............................................................................................ 188 Assessment of the Significance of the Findings .................................................... 194 The Bigger Picture: How This Study Relates to the Literature on Parenting and War .......................................................................................................... 196 How Parents Can be Effective Even Through the Stressful Experiences of War, Poverty and Displacement ...................................................................... 201 How this Study Advances Knowledge of War and Its Effects on Families; Suggestions for Future Research ............................................................ 202 Final Thoughts ......................................................................................................
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