LEGISLATIVE TRAIN 08.2021 5 PROMOTING OUR EUROPEAN WAY OF LIFE
STRENGTHENING OF EUROPOL'S MANDATE / 2020-12 [ DEPARTURES ] > SECURITY UNION
CONTENT
Headquartered in The Hague, in the Netherlands, the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) is an EU body tasked with supporting and strengthening cooperation between EU Member States (MS) in the area of cross-border law enforcement.
Following the Lisbon Treaty's entry into force, Europol is governed by Article 88 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU). The article defines Europol's mission and provides that regulations adopted jointly by the Parliament and the Council under the ordinary legislative procedure are to determine the agency's structure, operation and tasks. Moreover, it highlights two types of tasks for Europol: a) collection, storage, processing, analysis and exchange of information; and b) the coordination, organisation and implementation of operative action carried out jointly with the Member States, including on the basis of JITs. The European Parliament will, together with national parliaments, scrutinise Europol's activities.
To ensure alignment with the requirements of the Lisbon Treaty, the Europol Decision (Council Decision 2009/371/JHA) was replaced by the Europol Regulation, adopted on 11 May 2016 jointly by the EP and the Council.
The Regulation applied from 1 May 2017 for all EU countries, except Denmark, which has an opt-out from the Treaty's justice and home affairs provisions. The Regulation enhances Europol's role as a central hub for information exchange; sets more flexible rules for setting up specialised units or centres dealing with certain types of crime; strengthens Europol's data management and protection regime; and creates a new parliamentary oversight body, the Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Group. The Regulation also reforms the way Europol exchanges information with its partners. Finally, it provides for individuals' right of access to their personal data, a complaints procedure, and a right to obtain compensation for unlawful data processing.
On 29 January 2020, the European Commission's new work programme was published. Under the priority 'Promoting our European way of life', the Commission announced its intention to adopt a legislative proposal on the strengthening of Europol's mandate, based on Article 88 TFEU.
On 14 May 2020, the Commission published an Inception impact assessment (IIA) on a proposal for a regulation to strengthen Europol's mandate, open for comments until 9 July 2020. According to the IIA, the future proposal will: enable Europol to deal with the evolving nature of internet-based and financial crime; align Europol’s procedures for cooperating with non-EU countries with those of
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other EU agencies; and bring Europol’s data protection rules into line with existing EU rules.
The EU interior ministers met informally on 21 October 2020 continuing the process of reflection on the current challenges and operational needs of the agency. They adopted a declaration entitled 'Ten points on the future of Europol'.
The new proposal was presented on 9 December 2020 by the European Commission, as part of a package of counter-terrorism measures. It aims at strengthening Europol's mandate by:
• enabling Europol to cooperate effectively with private parties; • allowing Europol to process large and complex datasets, addressing thus the big data challenge for law enforcement; • clarifying that Europol may request, in specific cases where Europol considers that a criminal investigation should be initiated, the competent authorities of a Member State to initiate, conduct or coordinate an investigation of a crime which affects a common interest covered by a Union policy, without the requirement of a cross-border dimension of the crime concerned; • strengthening the agency's role on research and innovation; • enabling joint operational analysis between Europol and Member States in specific investigations; • strengthening Europol’s cooperation with third countries in specific situations and on a case-by-case basis for preventing and countering crimes • further strengthening the data protection framework applicable to Europol as well as the parliamentary oversight and accountability of the agency; • strengthening Europol’s cooperation with the European Public Prosecutor’s Office.
The proposal is also linked to another legislative proposal which amends Regulation (EU) 2018/1862 on the Schengen Information System. Accordingly, Europol will be able to enter data into the Schengen Information System on the suspected involvement of a third country national in an offence in respect of which Europol is competent. The proposal is part of the legislative priorities included in the Joint Declaration 2021.
In the European Parliament, the file has been assigned to the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Committee (LIBE). The rapporteur (Javier Zarzalejos, EPP/Spain) presented his draft report on May 2021 and around 500 amendments were tabled by 4 June 2021. The Committee on Budgets (BUDG) aadopted its opinion on 31 May 2021.
The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued on 8 March 2021 its opinion on the proposed amendments to the Europol Regulation. The EDPS recommends, among others, that some concepts in the proposed regulation be better defined; that safeguards be strengthened with regard to derogations related to processing large and complex data sets; and that the prohibition of systematic, massive or structural transfers should apply to all exchanges with private parties including in the EU.
The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) adopted its opinion on the proposal on 9 June 2021. The EESC welcomed the proposal as a step in the right direction, and raised the question whether it would be time to allow Europol to act on its own initiative.
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It saw no concerns with regard to privacy protection and fundamental rights in data processing, and considered the proposed increase in Europol's budget to be a positive response to further protecting EU citizens as well as enhancing cooperation between Europol and national law enforcement agencies.
References:
• European Parliament Legislative Observatory, Procedure file 'Strengthening Europol’s mandate: cooperation with private parties, processing of personal data, and support for research and innovation', 2020/0349(COD). • European Parliament Legislative Observatory, Procedure file 'Strengthening Europol’s mandate: entry of alerts in SIS', 2020/0350(COD)
• European Commission, Commission Work Programme 2020 - A Union that strives for more, January 2020 • European Commission, Police cooperation – stronger mandate for Europol, Inception Impact Assessment, May 2020. • EU Home Affairs Ministers, Ten points on the future of Europol, 21 October 2020. • European Data Protection Supervisor, EDPS Opinion on the Proposal for Amendment of the Europol Regulation, 8 March 2021. • European Economic and Social Committee, EESC opinion: Strengthening of Europol’s mandate, SOC/673
Further reading:
• European Parliament, EPRS, Strengthening Europol's mandate, briefing, June 2021. • European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, Strengthening Europol’s mandate, A legal assessment of the Commission's proposal to amend Europol Regulation, May 2021. • European Parliament, EPRS, Revision of the Europol Regulation, Implementation Appraisal briefing, January 2021. • European Parliament, EPRS, Europol: The EU law enforcement cooperation agency, briefing, September 2019.
Author: Carmen-Cristina Cîrlig, Sofija Voronova, Members' Research Service, [email protected] As of 15 August 2021.
RAPPORTEUR Javier ZARZALEJOS JURI - LIBE
HYPERLINK REFERENCES
• https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2020/0349(OLP)
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• https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2020/0350(OLP)
• https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:7ae642ea-4340-11ea-b81b-01aa75ed71a1.0002.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
• https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12387-Strengthening-of-Europol-s-mandate
• https://www.eu2020.de/blob/2408882/6dd454a9c78a5e600f065ac3a6f03d2e/10-22-pdf-virtbrotzeit-europol-en-data.pdf
• https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2021-03/21-03-08_opinion_europol_reform_en.pdf
• https://www.eesc.europa.eu/en/our-work/opinions-information-reports/opinions/strengthening-europols-mandate
• https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/690645/EPRS_BRI(2021)690645_EN.pdf
• https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/694200/IPOL_STU(2021)694200_EN.pdf
• https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/654214/EPRS_BRI(2021)654214_EN.pdf
• http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/640162/EPRS_BRI(2019)640162_EN.pdf
• mailto:[email protected]
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