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A Success Story Or a Failure? : Representing the European Integration in the Curricula and Textbooks of Five Countries
I Inari Sakki A Success Story or a Failure? Representing the European Integration in the Curricula and Textbooks of Five Countries II Social psychological studies 25 Publisher: Social Psychology, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki Editorial Board: Klaus Helkama, Chair Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Editor Karmela Liebkind Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman Kari Mikko Vesala Maaret Wager Jukka Lipponen Copyright: Inari Sakki and Unit of Social Psychology University of Helsinki P.O. Box 4 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki I wish to thank the many publishers who have kindly given the permission to use visual material from their textbooks as illustrations of the analysis. All efforts were made to find the copyright holders, but sometimes without success. Thus, I want to apologise for any omissions. ISBN 978-952-10-6423-4 (Print) ISBN 978-952-10-6424-1 (PDF) ISSN 1457-0475 Cover design: Mari Soini Yliopistopaino, Helsinki, 2010 III ABSTRAKTI Euroopan yhdentymisprosessin edetessä ja syventyessä kasvavat myös vaatimukset sen oikeutuksesta. Tästä osoituksena ovat muun muassa viimeaikaiset mediassa käydyt keskustelut EU:n perustuslakiäänestysten seurauksista, kansalaisten EU:ta ja euroa kohtaan osoittamasta ja tuntemasta epäluottamuksesta ja Turkin EU-jäsenyydestä. Taloudelliset ja poliittiset argumentit tiiviimmän yhteistyön puolesta eivät aina riitä kansalaisten tuen saamiseen ja yhdeksi ratkaisuksi on esitetty yhteisen identiteetin etsimistä. Eurooppalaisen identiteetin sanotaan voivan parhaiten muodostua silloin, kun perheen, koulutuksen -
Introduction to the Fiscal Framework of the EU
Introduction to the fiscal framework of the EU The Maastricht Treaty, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance, and the Stability and Growth Pact STUDY EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Angelos Delivorias Members' Research Service PE 679.085 – February 2021 EN Introduction to the fiscal framework of the EU The Maastricht Treaty, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, and the Stability and Growth Pact Almost 30 years ago, the Maastricht Treaty laid the basis for economic and monetary union (EMU). Its fiscal provisions have been further developed by subsequent primary and secondary legislation – in particular, the Stability and Growth Pact with its preventive and corrective arms, and the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in EMU. These instruments together constitute the fiscal framework of the European Union. In early 2020, the European Commission launched a review of the EU's economic governance, seeking in particular to establish how effective the surveillance provisions have been in achieving their objectives. This paper aims to provide an introduction to the Union's economic governance, starting from a brief overview of the economic literature, and concluding with a look at possible developments that might follow from the review, not least examining the various calls for its amendment that have been put on the table. While the Commission's review has been put to one side while the immediate issues of the coronavirus pandemic are addressed, the economic consequences of the pandemic are themselves changing the context for the review. EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service AUTHOR Angelos Delivorias, Members' Research Service This paper has been drawn up by the Members' Research Service within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament. -
DIRECTIVE (EU) 2018/1673 of the EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT and of the COUNCIL of 23 October 2018 on Combating Money Laundering by Criminal Law
L 284/22 EN Official Journal of the European Union 12.11.2018 DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVE (EU) 2018/1673 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2018 on combating money laundering by criminal law THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 83(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure ( 1 ), Whereas: (1) Money laundering and the related financing of terrorism and organised crime remain significant problems at Union level, thus damaging the integrity, stability and reputation of the financial sector and threatening the internal market and the internal security of the Union. In order to tackle those problems and to complement and reinforce the application of Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 2), this Directive aims to combat money laundering by means of criminal law, enabling more efficient and swifter cross-border cooperation between competent authorities. (2) Measures adopted solely at national or even at Union level, without taking into account international coordination and cooperation, would have very limited effect. The measures adopted by the Union to combat money laundering should therefore be compatible with, and at least as stringent as, other actions undertaken in international fora. (3) Union action should continue to take particular account of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommen dations and instruments of other international organisations and bodies active in the fight against money laun dering and terrorist financing. -
Council and Commission Decision of 26 February 2009 on The
L 107/164 EN Official Journal of the European Union 28.4.2009 COUNCIL AND COMMISSION COUNCIL AND COMMISSION DECISION of 26 February 2009 on the conclusion of the Protocol to the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Albania, of the other part, to take account of the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union (2009/331/EC, Euratom) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2) The Protocol should be concluded, AND THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European HAVE DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: Community, and in particular Article 310 in conjunction with the second sentence of Article 300(2), first subparagraph, and the second subparagraph of Article 300(3) thereof, Article 1 The Protocol to the Stabilisation and Association Agreement Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic between the European Communities and their Member States, Energy Community, and in particular the second paragraph of of the one part, and the Republic of Albania, of the other part, Article 101 thereof, to take account of the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union is hereby approved on behalf Having regard to the Act of Accession of Bulgaria and Romania of the European Community, the European Atomic Energy and in particular Article 6(2) thereof, Community and the Member States. Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Article 2 Having regard to the assent of the European Parliament, The President of the Council shall, on behalf of the European Community and its Member States, deposit the instruments of Having regard to the Council’s approval pursuant to Article 101 approval provided for in Article 11 of the Protocol. -
Departure from the Schengen Agreement Macroeconomic Impacts on Germany and the Countries of the European Union
GED Study Departure from the Schengen Agreement Macroeconomic impacts on Germany and the countries of the European Union GED Study Departure from the Schengen Agreement Macroeconomic impacts on Germany and the countries of the European Union Authors Dr. Michael Böhmer, Jan Limbers, Ante Pivac, Heidrun Weinelt Table of contents 1 Background Information 6 2 Methodological approach 7 3 Results 9 4 Further costs of departure from the Schengen Agreement 13 Further economic impact 13 Political impact 14 Social significance 14 5 Conclusion 15 Literature 16 Imprint 18 5 1 Background Information The Schengen Agreement entered into force in 1995 and of checks at EU internal borders, on Germany and other EU today it is comprised of 26 states. This includes all European countries, as well as for the European Union as a whole. The Union members with the exception of the United Kingdom, evaluation period extends to the year 2025. Ireland, Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Croatia, as well as the non-EU countries of Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The agreement provides for the abolition of the requirement to check persons at internal borders within the Schengen area. The Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement also regulates the standardisation of entry and residency requirements, as well as, the issuing of visas for the entire Schengen area. At the time, police and judicial cooperation measures were also agreed upon, in addition to asylum provisions. In the wake of sharply rising refugee movements into Europe, a partial restoration of border controls has been implemented. European Union countries have seen a significant increase in asylum seekers. -
En En Draft Report
European Parliament 2019-2024 Committee on Constitutional Affairs 2020/2220(INL) 1.7.2021 DRAFT REPORT on the reform of the electoral law of the European Union (2020/2220(INL)) Committee on Constitutional Affairs Rapporteur: Domènec Ruiz Devesa PR\1235563EN.docx PE693.622v03-00 EN United in diversityEN PR_INL CONTENTS Page MOTION FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION.............................................3 ANNEX TO THE MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION..............................................................11 PE693.622v03-00 2/31 PR\1235563EN.docx EN MOTION FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION on the reform of the electoral law of the European Union (2020/2220(INL)) The European Parliament, – having regard to the Declaration of 9 May 1950 that proposed the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) as a first step in the federation of Europe, – having regard to the Act concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage ("the Electoral Act") annexed to the Council decision of 20 September 1976, as amended by Council Decision 2002/772/EC, Euratom, of 25 June and 23 September 2002, and by Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2018/994 of 13 July 2018, – having regard to the Treaties and in particular to Articles 9, 10, 14 and 17(7) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and to Articles 20, 22, 223(1) and 225 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), and to Article 2 of Protocol No 1 on the role of national parliaments in the European Union, – having regard to Protocol -
College Decision 2018-09 of 26 June 2018 Adopting the Opinion of the College on the Eurojust Final Annual Accounts 2017
College Decision 2018-09 of 26 June 2018 adopting the opinion of the College on the Eurojust Final Annual Accounts 2017 THE COLLEGE OF EUROJUST, Having regard to the Council Decision of 28 February 2002 (2002/187/JHA) setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime, as amended by the Council Decision of 18 June 2003 (2003/659/JHA), and by Council Decision of 16 December 2008 (2009/426/JHA) (hereinafter referred to as “the Eurojust Council Decision”), and in particular Article 36 thereof, Having regard to the Financial Regulation applicable to Eurojust and adopted by the College on 14 January 2014 (hereinafter referred to as “the Eurojust Financial Regulation”), and in particular Article 99 (2) thereof, Having regard to the preliminary observations of the European Court of Auditors with a view to report on the annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017, Having regard to the final annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017 signed off by the Accounting Officer on 11 June 2018 and drawn up by the Administrative Director on 13 June 2018 and sent to the College on 20 June 2018. Whereas: (1) The final annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017 are attached as Annex I to this opinion; (2) The Preliminary observations of the European Court of Auditors with a view to a report on the annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017 are included in Annex II to this opinion; (3) PKF Littlejohn LLP Independent Auditors Report on the provisional annual accounts 2017 is attached as Annex III to this opinion. -
Schengen Visa Waiver Countries
Schengen Visa Waiver Countries Multilobate Vasily mizzlings doucely, he refracts his protestant very windily. Developed and indigenous Darrel broken her amiably.zonule weans or squegged biologically. Telegnostic and dentirostral Aldrich often mured some moussakas evenly or frocks People will be cleansed of foreign affairs, schengen visa waiver countries and order Eu countries to pay for the process of these entry in jamaica are several claims in its neighboring countries give me know if a result of. Therefore we graduate of the best bet is a return visa services to adequately pay for etias along the. Note you wish within the same employer are not approved visa, then to visit the country located in moldova, former yugoslav republic. Shinee singer jonghyun wrote too soon as schengen visa waiver is it needs of schengen visa waiver countries certain categories. In schengen region by schengen visa waiver countries? If anyonw wants info in countries and ukraine were allowed to visa waiver agreement will i was shorter than a lot. Has prepared with a schengen visa waiver countries? You arrive back in schengen visa waiver countries try to work on current overstays and residence permit or in? Individual schengen visa applications received or username incorrect or have to schengen visa waiver countries? Ireland visa waiver suitable keywords found it means europe on volunteering in schengen visa waiver countries. How your schengen area, schengen visa waiver countries to show at a former citizen. Albania in exchange, containing a professor at each state. How long time i apply and schengen visa waiver countries not have sufficient for the map above may lead to have agreed to. -
The European Union in Transition: the Treaty of Nice in Effect; Enlargement in Sight; a Constitution in Doubt
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 27, Issue 2 2003 Article 1 The European Union in Transition: The Treaty of Nice in Effect; Enlargement in Sight; A Constitution in Doubt Roger J. Goebel∗ ∗ Copyright c 2003 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj The European Union in Transition: The Treaty of Nice in Effect; Enlargement in Sight; A Constitution in Doubt Roger J. Goebel Abstract This Article is intended to provide an overview of this transitional moment in the history of the European Union. Initially, the Article will briefly review the background of the Treaty of Nice, and the institutional structure modifications for which it provides, which paves the way for enlargement. Next it will describe the final stages of the enlargement process. Finally, the Article will set out the principal institutional innovations and certain other key aspects of the draft Constitution, the most important issues concerning them, and the current impasse. THE EUROPEAN UNION IN TRANSITION: THE TREATY OF NICE IN EFFECT; ENLARGEMENT IN SIGHT; A CONSTITUTION IN DOUBT Rogerj Goebel* INTRODUCTION Once again the European Union' (the "EU" or the "Union") is in a stage of radical evolution. Since the early 1990's, the EU has anticipated an extraordinary increase in its constituent Member States2 through the absorption of a large number of Central European and Mediterranean nations. Since the late 1990's, the Union has been negotiating the precise terms for their entry with a dozen applicant nations and has been providing cooperative assistance to them to prepare for their accession to the Union and in particular, its principal con- stituent part, the European Community.3 As this enlargement of the Union came more clearly in sight, the political leadership and the present Member States, joined by the Commission, con- * Professor and Director of the Center on European Union Law, Fordham Univer- sity School of Law. -
Perspectives for Reform in the European Union Nicolai Von Ondarza
Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Comments Blocked for Good by the Threat of Treaty Change? WP S Perspectives for Reform in the European Union Nicolai von Ondarza The European Union faces a fundamental dilemma. On the one hand, pressure to reform its structures is growing. The hard negotiations with Greece in summer 2015 have revived the debate on deepening the Eurozone, while at the same time London is pushing to roll back integration, at least for itself. On the other hand, national governments reject any moves that would require a treaty change (such as transfer of powers) as politically impossible. Legal options for evading the dilemma and developing the Union by “covert integration” do exist, but these require unanimous political agreement among all the national governments – and would in the medium term require treaty changes to restore transparency and democratic legitimacy. The traumatic process of negotiating and bought itself some time for reform, the vola- ratifying the EU Constitutional Treaty and tile negotiations with Greece in summer the Treaty of Lisbon has left deep marks. 2015 again spotlighted the persistence of Ever since, national governments have con- grave deficits in its economic and political sistently avoided initiating significant treaty structures. In response, France in summer amendments, including at the height of 2015 proposed strengthening the Eurozone the euro crisis. Even in projects such as the with a finance minister with a budget and banking union, they have instead turned a parliament of its own. Concurrently, in to treaties outside the EU framework. June 2015 the presidents of five European Despite this reservation – or perhaps institutions (Commission, Council, ECB, precisely because of it – pressure to tackle Eurogroup and European Parliament) pub- reform of primary law is growing. -
Archbold Review 5-6, and the News Pieces of EU Legislation in the Area of Justice and Home Item, [2016] 2 Archbold Review 9
Issue 5 June 22, 2016 Issue 5 June 22, 2016 Archbold Review Cases in Brief Appeal—inconsistent verdicts—development of case law— the clear law set out in Devlin J’s test and apply it rather than reassertion of proper test—undesirability of elaboration of test the reformulation in Dhillon. The Stone test did not need in judgments; Court of Appeal—proper approach of Court to elaboration, but rather careful application to the circum- development of case law stances of each case. In particular (the contrary having been FANNING AND OTHERS [2016] EWCA Crim 550; suggested), different tests did not apply to multiple counts April 28, 2016 arising out of a single sexual episode, and those arising over (1) Giving judgment in four conjoined appeals, the Lord a long period of time; and it was unnecessary and inappropri- Chief Justice reviewed the authorities on the role of the jury ate to compare the circumstances of one case with another and the approach of the court to applications to appeal based as was urged on the court in R v S [2014] EWCA Crim 927. on what were said to be inconsistent verdicts by the jury. The (3) Although the approach the Court set out needed no fur- starting point was the adoption of the approach set out by ther elaboration, it was necessary to mention three matters: Devlin J in Stone [1955] Crim LR 120, quoted in Hunt [1968] 2 (a) the burden to show that verdicts could not stand was with QB 433 and formally adopted in Durante (1972) 56 Cr.App.R the applicant; (b) a jury may logically find a witness credible 708, that the burden was on the applicant to show that the on one count but not another (contra an interpretation of Griz- verdicts could not stand together, that is, that no reasonable zle [1991] Crim LR 553 and Cilgram [1994] Crim LR 861); and jury could have arrived at that conclusion, which was fact- (c) in the overwhelming generality of cases it would be appro- specific. -
Automated Tackling of Disinformation
Automated tackling of disinformation STUDY Panel for the Future of Science and Technology European Science-Media Hub EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) PE 624.278 – March 2019 EN Automated tackling of disinformation Major challenges ahead This study maps and analyses current and future threats from online misinformation, alongside currently adopted socio-technical and legal approaches. The challenges of evaluating their effectiveness and practical adoption are also discussed. Drawing on and complementing existing literature, the study summarises and analyses the findings of relevant journalistic and scientific studies and policy reports in relation to detecting, containing and countering online disinformation and propaganda campaigns. It traces recent developments and trends and identifies significant new or emerging challenges. It also addresses potential policy implications for the EU of current socio-technical solutions. ESMH | European Science-Media Hub AUTHORS This study was written by Alexandre Alaphilippe, Alexis Gizikis and Clara Hanot of EU DisinfoLab, and Kalina Bontcheva of The University of Sheffield, at the request of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA). It has been financed under the European Science and Media Hub budget and managed by the Scientific Foresight Unit within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank all respondents to the online survey, as well as first draft, WeVerify, InVID, PHEME, REVEAL, and all other initiatives that contributed materials to the study. ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Mihalis Kritikos, Scientific Foresight Unit To contact the publisher, please e-mail [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSION Original: EN Manuscript completed in March 2019.