DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Birmingham the European Union As a Counter-Terrorism Actor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Birmingham the European Union As a Counter-Terrorism Actor University of Birmingham The European union as a counter-terrorism actor: right path, wrong direction? Wade, Marianne DOI: 10.1007/s10611-013-9472-8 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Wade, M 2013, 'The European union as a counter-terrorism actor: right path, wrong direction?', Crime, Law and Social Change, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 355-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9472-8 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: A definitive version was subsequently published in the above cited journal at the above DOI address. The final publication is available at link.springer.com. Eligibility checked for repository: December 2014 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive. If you believe that this is the case for this document, please contact [email protected] providing details and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Dear Author Here are the proofs of your article. • You can submit your corrections online, via e-mail or by fax. • For online submission please insert your corrections in the online correction form. Always indicate the line number to which the correction refers. • You can also insert your corrections in the proof PDF and email the annotated PDF. • For fax submission, please ensure that your corrections are clearly legible. Use a fine black pen and write the correction in the margin, not too close to the edge of the page. • Remember to note the journal title, article number, and your name when sending your response via e-mail or fax. • Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and the corresponding affiliations are correctly shown. • Check the questions that may have arisen during copy editing and insert your answers/corrections. • Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and electronic supplementary material if applicable. If necessary refer to the Edited manuscript. • The publication of inaccurate data such as dosages and units can have serious consequences. Please take particular care that all such details are correct. • Please do not make changes that involve only matters of style. We have generally introduced forms that follow the journal’s style. • Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office and return his/her consent together with the proof. • If we do not receive your corrections within 48 hours, we will send you a reminder. • Your article will be published Online First approximately one week after receipt of your corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. Further changes are, therefore, not possible. • The printed version will follow in a forthcoming issue. Please note After online publication, subscribers (personal/institutional) to this journal will have access to the complete article via the DOI using the URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9472-8 If you would like to know when your article has been published online, take advantage of our free alert service. For registration and further information, go to: http://www.springerlink.com. Due to the electronic nature of the procedure, the manuscript and the original figures will only be returned to you on special request. When you return your corrections, please inform us, if you would like to have these documents returned. AUTHOR'S PROOF Metadata of the article that will be visualized in OnlineFirst 1 Article Title The European union as a counter–terrorism actor: right path, wrong direction? 2 Article Sub- Title 3 Article Copyright - Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Year (This will be the copyright line in the final PDF) 4 Journal Name Crime, Law and Social Change 5 Family Name Wade 6 Particle 7 Given Name Marianne 8 Corresponding Suffix 9 Author Organization University of Birmingham 10 Division Birmingham Law School 11 Address West Midlands, UK 12 e-mail [email protected] 13 Received 14 Schedule Revised 15 Accepted 16 Abstract 17 Keywords separated by ' - ' 18 Foot note information AUTHOR'S PROOF JrnlID 10611_ArtID 9472_Proof# 1 - 18/07/2013 Crime Law Soc Change DOI 10.1007/s10611-013-9472-8 31 2 The European union as a counter–terrorism actor: right 4 path, wrong direction? 5 Marianne Wade 6 Q1 7 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 8 9 Introduction 10 The challenges presented by terrorism to our governments in the past decade have led 11 to fundamental changes in many things. The way we travel and the way we bank 12 have, for instance, changed perceivably. Some avoid travelling to the USA—the 13 country formerly known as “the leader of the free world”—out of a desire to avoid 14 the need for a passport featuring biometric information or “being treated as a 15 criminal” surrendering fingerprints at the point of entry. The more data protection 16 aware amongst us may have changed the way we use the internet and other forms of 17 communication technology or simply accepted the feeling that we can be watched at 18 all times. Less obviously, a new security architecture has emerged around us and for 19 Europeans, the EU looms large within it.1 20 Not all changes in this setting can be ascribed to terrorism; the post-Lisbon EU2 is 21 undoubtedly a creature very different to anything envisaged by the founding fathers 22 of its origin European Communities -, nor do all of those perhaps associated with the 23 threat of terrorism connect to counter-terrorism in a logical way when examined 24 closely. Nevertheless, there is no denying that terrorism and the desire of European 25 governments to counter it effectively, have driven changes; spear-headed impulses for 26 change which have deeply changed some aspects of our lives and the role the EU 27 plays in relation to them. The dynamics of reform have been so pervasive, it is almost 28 shocking toUNCORRECTED reflect upon all that has shifted in the past ten years. PROOF 29 It is no coincidence that within those 10 years the EU has emerged as a security 30 and criminal justice actor of entirely new dimensions. The Treaty of Lisbon which 31 1For more general commentary see Wuertenberger et al. [117] 2The Treaty of Lisbon is an international agreement between the EU member states that amends prior treaties to consolidate EU competence and restructure its bureaucracy post eastward expansion. It has introduced very significant changes to the EU’s profile as a criminal justice actor providing it, e.g. with a competence to require the use of criminal law to combat fraud against its financial interests. It also includes a legal basis for the creation of a European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO)—See Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union [6] Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [7; arts. 325 and 86] M. Wade (*) Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK e-mail: [email protected] AUTHOR'SJrnlID 10611_ArtID 9472_Proof# PROOF 1 - 18/07/2013 M. Wade came into force on the 1st of December 2009 leaves us in no doubt of this. 32 The facilitating role of the economic supra-national community which lent its 33 organs for use by its member states in the inter-governmental third pillar has 34 been replaced by a supra-national entity with a clear role as a criminal justice 35 actor. Article 83 (1) of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union for 36 example states: 37 The European Parliament and the Council may, by means of directives adopted 3839 Q2 in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, establish minimum rules 40 concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions in the areas of 41 particularly serious crime with a cross-border dimension resulting from the 42 nature or impact of such offences or from a special need to combat them on a 43 44 common basis. 45 These areas of crime are the following: terrorism, trafficking in human beings and 46 sexual exploitation of women and children, illicit drug trafficking, illicit arms traf- 47 ficking, money laundering, corruption, counterfeiting of means of payment, computer 48 crime and organised crime. 49 On the basis of developments in crime, the Council may adopt a decision identi- 50 fying other areas of crime that meet the criteria specified in this paragraph.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • College Decision 2018-09 of 26 June 2018 Adopting the Opinion of the College on the Eurojust Final Annual Accounts 2017
    College Decision 2018-09 of 26 June 2018 adopting the opinion of the College on the Eurojust Final Annual Accounts 2017 THE COLLEGE OF EUROJUST, Having regard to the Council Decision of 28 February 2002 (2002/187/JHA) setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime, as amended by the Council Decision of 18 June 2003 (2003/659/JHA), and by Council Decision of 16 December 2008 (2009/426/JHA) (hereinafter referred to as “the Eurojust Council Decision”), and in particular Article 36 thereof, Having regard to the Financial Regulation applicable to Eurojust and adopted by the College on 14 January 2014 (hereinafter referred to as “the Eurojust Financial Regulation”), and in particular Article 99 (2) thereof, Having regard to the preliminary observations of the European Court of Auditors with a view to report on the annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017, Having regard to the final annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017 signed off by the Accounting Officer on 11 June 2018 and drawn up by the Administrative Director on 13 June 2018 and sent to the College on 20 June 2018. Whereas: (1) The final annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017 are attached as Annex I to this opinion; (2) The Preliminary observations of the European Court of Auditors with a view to a report on the annual accounts of Eurojust for the financial year 2017 are included in Annex II to this opinion; (3) PKF Littlejohn LLP Independent Auditors Report on the provisional annual accounts 2017 is attached as Annex III to this opinion.
    [Show full text]
  • Archbold Review 5-6, and the News Pieces of EU Legislation in the Area of Justice and Home Item, [2016] 2 Archbold Review 9
    Issue 5 June 22, 2016 Issue 5 June 22, 2016 Archbold Review Cases in Brief Appeal—inconsistent verdicts—development of case law— the clear law set out in Devlin J’s test and apply it rather than reassertion of proper test—undesirability of elaboration of test the reformulation in Dhillon. The Stone test did not need in judgments; Court of Appeal—proper approach of Court to elaboration, but rather careful application to the circum- development of case law stances of each case. In particular (the contrary having been FANNING AND OTHERS [2016] EWCA Crim 550; suggested), different tests did not apply to multiple counts April 28, 2016 arising out of a single sexual episode, and those arising over (1) Giving judgment in four conjoined appeals, the Lord a long period of time; and it was unnecessary and inappropri- Chief Justice reviewed the authorities on the role of the jury ate to compare the circumstances of one case with another and the approach of the court to applications to appeal based as was urged on the court in R v S [2014] EWCA Crim 927. on what were said to be inconsistent verdicts by the jury. The (3) Although the approach the Court set out needed no fur- starting point was the adoption of the approach set out by ther elaboration, it was necessary to mention three matters: Devlin J in Stone [1955] Crim LR 120, quoted in Hunt [1968] 2 (a) the burden to show that verdicts could not stand was with QB 433 and formally adopted in Durante (1972) 56 Cr.App.R the applicant; (b) a jury may logically find a witness credible 708, that the burden was on the applicant to show that the on one count but not another (contra an interpretation of Griz- verdicts could not stand together, that is, that no reasonable zle [1991] Crim LR 553 and Cilgram [1994] Crim LR 861); and jury could have arrived at that conclusion, which was fact- (c) in the overwhelming generality of cases it would be appro- specific.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing the Protocol 36 Opt
    September 2012 Opting out of EU Criminal law: What is actually involved? Alicia Hinarejos, J.R. Spencer and Steve Peers CELS Working Paper, New Series, No.1 http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/publications/working_papers.php Centre for European Legal Studies • 10 West Road • Cambridge CB3 9DZ Telephone: 01223 330093 • Fax: 01223 330055 • http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Protocol 36 to the Lisbon Treaty gives the UK the right to opt out en bloc of all the police and criminal justice measures adopted under the Treaty of Maastricht ahead of the date when the Court of Justice of the EU at Luxembourg will acquire jurisdiction in relation to them. The government is under pressure to use this opt-out in order to “repatriate criminal justice”. It is rumoured that this opt-out might be offered as a less troublesome alternative to those are calling for a referendum on “pulling out of Europe”. Those who advocate the Protocol 36 opt-out appear to assume that it would completely remove the UK from the sphere of EU influence in matters of criminal justice and that the opt-out could be exercised cost-free. In this Report, both of these assumptions are challenged. It concludes that if the opt-out were exercised the UK would still be bound by a range of new police and criminal justice measures which the UK has opted into after Lisbon. And it also concludes that the measures opted out of would include some – notably the European Arrest Warrant – the loss of which could pose a risk to law and order.
    [Show full text]
  • The Police Foundation's Response
    Select Committee on the European Union (Sub-Committee E - Justice, Institutions and Consumer Protection & Sub-Committee F - Home Affairs, Health and Education) Joint inquiry into the UK’s 2014 Opt-out Decision (Protocol 36) The Police Foundation’s response About the Police Foundation The Police Foundation is the only independent charity focused entirely on developing people's knowledge and understanding of policing and challenging the police service and the government to improve policing for the benefit of the public. The Police Foundation acts as a bridge between the public, the police and the government, while being owned by none of them. Founded in 1979 by the late Lord Harris of Greenwich, the Police Foundation has been highly successful in influencing policing policy and practice, through research, policy analysis, training and consultancy. Introduction 1. Under Protocol 36 to the EU Treaties, as amended by the Lisbon Treaty, the UK is entitled to withdraw from approximately 130 EU policing and criminal justice measures. The Government has until 31 May 2014 to decide whether to continue to be bound by the measures, or whether to use its right to opt out. The right to opt out is exercised en bloc, i.e. all pre-Lisbon measures must be opted out of in one go. Application could then be made to opt back into specific measures. 2. The Home Secretary has announced that the government is currently minded to use its right to opt out of all the pre-Lisbon police and criminal justice measures and then negotiate with the European Commission and other member states to opt back into those individual measures which are judged to be in the national interest.1 At this stage it is not clear which measures the Home Office would plan to opt back in to, which it would like to opt out of completely, and the reasons for this approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Brexit, the “Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice” and Migration
    EU Integration and Differentiation for Effectiveness and Accountability Policy Briefs No. 3 December 2020 Brexit, the “Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice” and Migration Emmanuel Comte This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 822622 Brexit, the “Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice” and Migration Emmanuel Comte Abstract This policy brief focuses on EU–UK negotiations on the movements of third-country nationals. It presents the formation of preferences of both sides and creates a map of existing external differentiation in this area, which supplies models for the future EU–UK relationship. Current nego- tiating positions show the continuation of previous trends and the po- tential for close cooperation. This policy brief details two scenarios of cooperation. Close cooperation would continue the current willingness to cooperate and minimise policy changes after the transition period. Loose cooperation could stem from the collapse of trade talks, breaking confidence between the two sides and resulting in a suboptimal scena- rio for each of them. No scenario, however, is likely to result in signifi- cantly lower effectiveness or cohesion in the EU. The UK will always be worse off in comparison to EU membership – particularly under loose cooperation. Emmanuel Comte is Senior Research Fellow at the Barcelona Centre for Internatio- nal Affairs (CIDOB). 2 | Brexit, the “Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice” and Migration Executive summary The UK has wanted for 30 years to cooperate with other EU countries and EU institutions to keep third-country immigration under control. Brexit has not changed this preference.
    [Show full text]
  • Enterprising Criminals Europe’S Fight Against the Global Networks of Financial and Economic Crime 2 03 04 Foreword Key Findings 05 07
    EFECC European Financial and Economic Crime Centre Enterprising criminals Europe’s fight against the global networks of financial and economic crime 2 03 04 Foreword Key findings 05 07 Setting the (crime) scene What is happening today that may impact the economic and financial crimes of tomorrow? › Technology drives change in behaviours › Economic downturns create opportunities for crime › Corruption 09 11 Intellectual property Fraud crime: counterfeit and › Tax Fraud substandard goods 16 19 Money laundering A European response - › Money laundering techniques The European Financial and Economic Crime Centre at Europol 3 Foreword CATHERINE DE BOLLE Executive Director, Europol The fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic has weakened our economy and created new vulnerabilities from which crime can emerge. Economic and financial crime, such as various types of fraud, money laundering, intellectual property crime, and currency counterfeiting, is particularly threatening during times of economic crisis. Unfortunately, this is also when they become most prevalent. The European Economic and Financial Crime Centre (EFECC) at Europol will strengthen Europol’s ability to support Member States’ and partner countries’ law enforcement authorities in fighting the criminals seeking to profit from economic hardship. EFECC will serve as a platform and toolbox for financial investigators across Europe. We look forward to making lasting partnerships with them and fighting economic and financial crime together. 4 COMPANY Key findings A 1 2 » Money laundering and criminal finances are the engines of organised crime. ithout them criminals would not be able to make use of the illicit profits from their various serious and organised crime activities in the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Public Euroscepticism
    Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/qoe Understanding public Euroscepticism Citation: Simona Guerra (2020) Under- standing public Euroscepticism. Quad- Simona Guerra erni dell’Osservatorio elettorale – Ital- ian Journal of Electoral Studies 83(2): University of Surrey, United Kingdom, 0000-0003-3911-258X 45-56. doi: 10.36253/qoe-9672 E-mail: [email protected] Received: September 4, 2020 Abstract. Euroscepticism has become more and more embedded both at the EU and Accepted: December 17, 2020 national levels (Usherwood et al. 2013) and persistent across domestic debates (Ush- erwood and Startin 2013). This study presents an in-depth analysis of contemporary Published: December 23, 2020 narratives of Euroscepticism. It first introduces its question related to understanding Copyright: © 2020 Simona Guerra. This public Euroscepticism, following the British EU referendum campaign and outcome, to is an open access, peer-reviewed then present the established literature, and the analysis of the British case study. A sur- article published by Firenze Univer- vey run in Britain in May 2019 shows that, as already noted by Oliver Daddow (2006, sity Press (http://www.fupress.com/qoe) 2011), Euroscepticism is very much identifiable in the traditional narratives of Europe and distributed under the terms of the as the Other. Context accountability (Daddow 2006) is still cause for concern in Britain Creative Commons Attribution License, and by assuming a more positive view of a European Britain (Daddow 2006) does not which permits unrestricted use, distri- make the debate more informed. Images, narratives and specific issues to reform the bution, and reproduction in any medi- um, provided the original author and Eurosceptic toolbox into a more neutral, but informative, instrument could be applied source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Is the New Normal!
    DIGITAL IS THE NEW NORMAL! Acting together to better handle cross-border electronic evidence VIRTUAL SIDE EVENT organized at the margins of the 30th United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ) click or scan code to 17 MAY 2021 14:10 (CET) access the event In collaboration with: OBJECTIVE This side event will provide a forum to share results on the impact of the UNODC-CTED-EUROPOL-EUROJUST-EJN Partnership in advancing international law enforcement and judicial cooperation through the development of tools such as the second version of the Practical Guide for Requesting Electronic Evidence Across Borders, and the model request forms on Preservation, Emer- gency and Voluntary Disclosure. The side event will also present the mapping information of communication service providers and will be the occasion to present the SHERLOC Electronic Evidence Hub. TARGET AUDIENCE The event will target practitioners across the criminal justice systems, specifically those involved in handling electronic evidence in the context of criminal proceedings involving multiple jurisdictions. DIGITAL IS THE NEW NORMAL! 17 MAY 2021 Acting together to better handle 14:10 (CET) cross-border electronic evidence AGENDA Moderator: Ms. Arianna Lepore Coordinator, UNODC Global Initiative on Handling Electronic Evidence Across Borders 14:10 to 14:30 High Level Segment 14:30 to 15:00 Technical Segment Opening remarks by: PRESENTATION OF THE PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR REQUESTING Ms. Ghada Waly ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ACROSS BORDERS UNODC Executive Director Mr. Daniel Suter UNODC Consultant, Terrorism Prevention Branch Ms. Michèle Coninsx United Nations Assistant Secretary-General and Executive Director PRESENTATION OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND THE NEW MODEL FORMS of the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Brexit and EU Agencies What the Agencies’ Existing Third Country Relations Can Teach Us About the Future EU- UK Relationship Nicolai Von Ondarza / Camille Borrett
    Working Paper SWP Working Papers are online publications within the purview of the respective Research Division. Unlike SWP Research Papers and SWP Comments they are not reviewed by the Institute. RESEARCH DIVISION EU / EUROPE | WP NR. 02, APRIL 2018 Brexit and EU agencies What the agencies’ existing third country relations can teach us about the future EU- UK relationship Nicolai von Ondarza / Camille Borrett Contents Introduction 3 I. The EU’s defined interest 4 II. EU agencies and their relevance to Brexit 5 The integrity of the single market 7 Relevance for Northern Ireland 8 Internal and external European security 11 III. EU agencies relationships with third countries 12 Full participation (EEA model) 12 Bilateral cooperation agreements 14 Fringe cases 20 IV. The UK and EU agencies during transition 23 Conclusions 25 List of Abbreviations 28 Overview: EU Agencies and their third country relationships 29 2 Introduction The Brexit negotiations are amongst the most complex the European Union has conducted. After more than 45 years of membership the UK’s exit from the EU is about more than leav- ing the Union’s institutions and its major policy areas. It is also, crucially, about its disen- tanglement from the EU legal order as well as the rules and regulations governing the single market and beyond. One crucial example in order to understand how this disentanglement of the legal order will affect the future relationship, are the 36 agencies the EU has set up to help regulate its single market and support coordination between its members states across many different policy areas.1 Almost two years after the UK’s population voted to leave the EU and less than a year until its formal exit, legally set for 29 March 2019, the Brexit talks are entering the next crucial stage.
    [Show full text]
  • A One-Stop Shop for Fighting Serious Cross-Border Crime in the European Union and Beyond
    Eurojust: a one-stop shop for fighting serious cross-border crime in the European Union and beyond In recent years, organised crime groups have gone increasingly global. The European Union is strongly committed to fighting such crime based on the principles of justice and rule of law that define our democratic systems. Judicial and law enforcement authorities in the European Union, however, work within national legal systems, which govern what acts are considered to be crimes, which sanctions apply and how investigations and trials are conducted. To detect, investigate and effectively prosecute cross-border crimes, judicial and law enforcement authorities from different countries therefore need to work closely together. Eurojust is the European Union's Judicial Cooperation Unit, an EU agency located in The Hague, Netherlands. Eurojust was started in 2002 and is fully focused on providing practical support to investigators, prosecutors and judges from different countries. Judicial practitioners come to Eurojust for support in a wide range of criminal investigations, including investigations of fraud, money laundering, corruption, trafficking in human beings, drug trafficking, migrant smuggling, cybercrime and terrorism. In 2018, Eurojust provided support in 6 500 cases, an increase of almost 19 % compared to 2017. Practical support and services to prosecutors and joint investigation teams Eurojust offers a range of practical tools and services especially designed for prosecutors and investigators of serious crime, including: On-call coordination for urgent requests, for example when a European Arrest Warrant needs to be quickly arranged to arrest a suspect in another country. On-call coordination is available 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.
    [Show full text]
  • The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Ten Years On
    THE AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE TEN YEARS ON SUCCESSES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES UNDER THE STOCKHOLM PROGRAMME THE AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE TEN YEARS ON SUCCESSES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES UNDER THE STOCKHOLM PROGRAMME EDITORS ELSPETH GUILD SERGIO CARRERA AND ALEJANDRO EGGENSCHWILER CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES BRUSSELS The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute based in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound analytical research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe today. This paperback is published in the context of IN:EX, a three-year project on converging and conflicting ethical values in the internal/external security continuum in Europe, funded by the Security Programme of DG Enterprise of the European Commission’s 7th Framework Research Programme. The opinions expressed in this publication and the analysis and arguments given are the sole responsibility of the authors writing in a personal capacity and do not necessarily reflect those of CEPS or any other institution with which the authors are associated. ISBN 978-94-6138-034-0 © Copyright 2010, European Union and Centre for European Policy Studies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies and the European Union. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: 32 (0) 2 229.39.11 Fax: 32 (0) 2 219.41.51 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ceps.eu CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Anniversary Publication
    Ten Years of Europol 1999-2009 TEN YEARS OF EUROPOL, 1999-2009 Europol Corporate Communications P.O. Box 90850 2509 LW The Hague The Netherlands www.europol.europa.eu © European Police OfÞ ce, 2009 All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form or by any means is allowed only with the prior permission of Europol Editor: Agnieszka Biegaj Text: Andy Brown Photographs: Europol (Zoran Lesic, Bo Pallavicini, Max Schmits, Marcin Skowronek, Europol archives); EU Member States’ Law Enforcement Authorities; European Commission; European Council; Participants of the Europol Photo Competition 2009: Kristian Berlin, Devid Camerlynck, Janusz Gajdas, Jean-François Guiot, Lasse Iversen, Robert Kralj, Tomasz Kurczynski, Antte Lauhamaa, Florin Lazau, Andrzej Mitura, Peter Pobeska, Pawel Ostaszewski, Jorgen Steen, Georges Vandezande Special thanks to all the photographers, EU Member States’ Law Enforcement Authorities and Europol Liaison Bureaux for their contributions 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 I. Birth of an Idea, 1991-1998 11 1. Ideas behind Europol: Tackling International Crime 11 2. Maastricht Treaty: the ‘Founding Article’ 12 3. First Step: the Europol Drugs Unit 12 4. The Hague: a Fitting Location 13 5. Formal Status: the Europol Convention 14 6. European Union: New Members and a New Treaty 15 II. The First Years, 1999-2004 21 1. Facing the Challenges: Stabilisation and Consolidation 21 2. Changing Priorities, Flexible Organisation 24 3. Information Exchange and Intelligence Analysis: Core Business 27 4. The Hague Programme: Positioning Europol at the Centre of EU Law Enforcement Cooperation 34 5. Casting the Net Wider: Cooperation Agreements with Third States and Organisations 36 6. Europol’s Most Important Asset: the Staff and the ELO Network 37 III.
    [Show full text]