The European Criminal Law Associations' Forum 2013
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eucrim 2013 / 4 THE EUROPEAN CRIMINAL LAW ASSOCIATIONS‘ FORUM Focus: Protection of Financial Interests of the European Union Dossier particulier: Protection des intérêts financiers de l'Union européenne Schwerpunktthema: Schutz der finanziellen Interessen der Europäischen Union Guest Editorial Viviane Reding/Algirdas Šemeta An Overall Analysis of the Proposal for a Regulation on Eurojust Prof. Dr. Anne Weyembergh The Dutch Judge of Instruction and the Public Prosecutor in International Judicial Cooperation Mr.Dr. Jaap van der Hulst The Use of Inside Information Anna Blachnio-Parzych, Ph.D. 2013 / 4 ISSUE / ÉDITION / AUSGABE The Associations for European Criminal Law and the Protection of Financial Interests of the EU is a network of academics and practitioners. The aim of this cooperation is to develop a European criminal law which both respects civil liberties and at the same time protects European citizens and the European institutions effectively. Joint seminars, joint research projects and annual meetings of the associations’ presidents are organised to achieve this aim. Contents News* Articles European Union Protection of Financial Interests of the European Union Foundations Procedural Criminal Law 127 An Overall Analysis of the Proposal 111 The Stockholm Programme 120 Procedural Safeguards for a Regulation on Eurojust 111 Schengen 121 Data Protection Prof. Dr. Anne Weyemberg 111 Enlargement Cooperation 131 The Dutch Judge of Instruction and the Institutions 122 Law Enforcement Cooperation Public Prosecutor in International Judicial 112 Commission Cooperation 113 OLAF Mr.Dr. Jaap van der Hulst 113 Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) 136 The Use of Inside Information 113 European Court of Justice (ECJ) Judgment of the European Court of Justice 114 Europol of 23 December 2009 116 Eurojust Council of Europe Anna Blachnio-Parzych, Ph.D. 116 Frontex Specific Areas of Crime / Foundations Substantive Criminal Law 123 Reform of the European Court 117 Protection of Financial Interests of Human Rights 118 Counterfeiting & Piracy 123 Other Human Rights Issues Imprint 118 Organised Crime 120 Cybercrime Specific Areas of Crime * News contain internet links referring to more detailed information. These links can be easily accessed either by clicking on the respective ID-number of the desired link in the online-journal or – for print version readers – by accessing our webpage www.mpicc.de/eucrim/search.php and then entering the ID-number of the link in the search form. Guest Editorial Dear Readers, EU money must not be pocketed by criminals. We have a fed- eral budget – with money coming from the 28 EU Member States – and, as a consequence, we also need federal laws to protect this budget. This is why the European Commission proposed a Directive on the protection of the EU’s financial interests in July 2012. The new EU-wide rules aim to achieve two objectives: First, to introduce common definitions of fraud throughout the EU, making sure that fraud against the EU budget is considered a crime everywhere in the EU. Second, to set a minimum level of sanctions for fraud against the EU budget, including im- prisonment, in order to deter fraudsters. We are also creating a level playing field for periods within which it is possible to investigate and prosecute offences – the so-called statutes of limitation. Viviane Reding Algirdas Šemeta With the creation of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, We opted for a solution that is respectful of the justice systems we are delivering on a commitment. A commitment that we first and legal traditions of the Member States without compromis- made at our hearing before the Parliament in January 2010: to ing on our aim to better protect the Union’s financial interests. make full use of the Treaty of Lisbon to fight fraud against the The groundwork (gathering evidence, prosecuting, bringing to EU budget and to uphold the rule of law across the Union. court) will be carried out by so-called “European delegated prosecutors” who are fully integrated into the national justice Member States report an average of about €500 million in systems. They will wear a “double hat:” they will be national suspected fraud each year. But the real amount with regard prosecutors and part of the European Public Prosecutor’s Of- to fraud is likely to be significantly higher. Member States’ fice. They will use national staff, apply national rules, and ad- response to fraud is inconsistent because of divergent rules, dress national courts. lack of resources, and the difficulty of gathering evidence in cross-border cases. As a result, the conviction rate for fraud The European Public Prosecutor’s Office will go hand in hand offences against EU resources varies greatly across Member with a comprehensive set of procedural safeguards. These States, with an EU average of just 42.3%. rules offer an additional layer of protection compared to na- tional law so that suspects can benefit directly from protection We know that our proposal of establishing a European Public at the Union level. Prosecutor’s Office is ambitious. But we need to be ambitious to ensure effective and uniform protection of the EU budget across Negotiations on the proposal started under the Lithuanian the EU. At the same time, we are determined to set up an of- Presidency and will continue under the Greek Presidency in fice that is fully embedded in national systems, relying to a large the Council. We were pleased to note that a vast majority of extent on national structures and national law. Independence, ac- Member States agreed to the need for a European Public Pros- countability, and decentralisation are the keywords. ecutor’s Office at the Justice Council in October. We are also eucrim 4 / 2013 | 109 GUEST EDITORIAL receiving strong encouraging signals from the European Par- against the EU budget, the European Commission is deliver- liament; the October plenary clearly endorsed the project. ing on its promise. We now call on Member States and the European Parliament to rally behind this important project so Finally, national parliaments have also contributed and made that the European Public Prosecutor’s Office can assume its use of their possibilities under the Treaty to contribute rea- function as of 1 January 2015. soned opinions on the compatibility of the EPPO with the principle of subsidiarity. Having carefully analysed these rea- soned opinions, the Commission has decided to maintain the Viviane Reding proposal, in line with Article 7(2) of Protocol No 2 to the Trea- Vice-President of the European Commission, ties, as we are confident that it complies with the subsidiarity EU Commissioner responsible for Justice, Fundamental principle. Of course, the opinions of the national parliaments Rights and Citizenship will be taken into account in the ongoing legislative process. Algirdas Šemeta With the proposal for the establishment of a European Pros- EU Commissioner responsible for Taxation and Customs ecutor’s Office that will show zero tolerance towards fraud Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud 110 | eucrim 4 / 2013 News Actualités / Kurzmeldungen the Schengen acquis and an amendment to the Schengen Borders Code (Regula- tion (EC) No. 562/2006) regarding the rules for the temporary reintroduction of border controls at internal borders in ex- ceptional circumstances. Both regulations are binding in their European Union* entirety and directly applicable in the Member States. They entered into force Reported by Dr. Els De Busser (EDB), Cornelia Riehle (CR), and Mika Kremer (MK) on 26 November 2013. (EDB) eucrim ID=1304003 Foundations Citizens were invited to feed the de- Enlargement bate by submitting written contributions or participating in the conference. Enlargement Package 2013 The Stockholm Programme Commissioner for Justice Viviane On 16 October 2013, the Commissioner Reding concluded the event by focus- for Enlargement and European Neigh- Discussion Papers on the Successor to ing on the vision for EU justice policy bourhood Policy, Štefan Füle, presented the Stockholm Programme by 2020. This vision is founded on a the so-called Enlargement Package. This On 21-22 November 2013, the Com- European area of justice at the service set of documents consists of the progress mission hosted a conference in Brussels of citizens that is built on mutual trust reports on the achievements made by entitled “Assises de la Justice” to dis- as well as on growth. She envisions one the candidate and potential candidate cuss and shape the future of EU justice voice representing Europe at the global countries in 2013 as well as the Com- policy. Before the conference, the Com- level as a key element for the future, mission’s enlargement strategy and main mission published five papers to initiate especially regarding the “external rela- challenges for 2013-2014. debate on EU civil law, EU criminal law, tions of justice policies” once the transi- The accession process today is more EU administrative law and national ad- tional phase of the Lisbon Treaty ends in comprehensive than in the past and re- ministrations, the rule of law, and fun- 2014. (EDB) flects the evolution of EU policies as well damental rights. These papers were in eucrim ID=1304002 as lessons learned from previous enlarge- preparation for the debate at the Assises ments. With the rule of law at the heart of de la Justice event, their purpose being the enlargement process, countries need to reflect on the justice policy of the EU. Schengen to focus on improvements in their justice The discussion paper on EU criminal systems and their fight against specific law lists the main achievements and the Schengen Governance Package types of crime earlier in the accession challenges that lie ahead. The latter are: Adopted process. The need for stronger economic Ensuring fundamental rights to On 7 October 2013, the Council adopt- governance and for reinforcing demo- strengthen mutual trust; ed the so-called Schengen Governance cratic institutions has been highlighted by Ensuring the effectiveness of EU Package that had been proposed in 2011 recent events in many countries.