Adding Sense Mary Kalantzis , Bill Cope Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49534-9 — Adding Sense Mary Kalantzis , Bill Cope Index More Information

Index

#MeToo, 133 American Psychological Association, 238 3D printing, 15 ampere, 84 Analytical Philosophy, 295, 300, 326 ABBA, 121 anaphora, 71, 179 ablism, 291 Andreyev, N.D., 223 absence, 109, 142, 153 android, 137, 331 abstract, 167 Andropov, Yuri, 208 abstraction, 32, 34, 37, 39, 108 animal, 92, 138, 152 Anindilyakwa kin, 46 animation, 321 body, 124, 126 animism, 321 emotion, 127 Anindilyakwa, Groote Eylandt, Australia, image, 195 42–47 music, 112, 113 Anindilyakwa, language, 45 object, 140 Anonymous, 329 academic literacy, 103 antagonistic interests, 91, 107, 189, 275, accent, 95 281–84, 311, 317 action, 17, 63, 153 inequality, 309 activation, 262, 268 money, 278 Adorno, Theodor W., 112–17, 121, 122 rhetoric, 318 Advanced Research Projects Agency Network social class, 299 (ARPANET), 173 anti-Semitism, 62, 180, 209 advertising, 230, 260, 266, 281 antonymy, 179 affordance, 92, 144, 229 AP News Agency, 236 African-American, 110, 111, 129, 155, 239 appearance, 124, 132 Agamben, Giorgio, 55 appearance, body, 131 agency, 42, 87, 140, 216, 232, 305, 311 Apple, 158, 229, 230, 233, 235, 263, 329 AIDS, 311 Apple Music, 231 Airbnb, 107 Apple OS, 34 Akerlof, George, 280 Arabic, 226, 327 alert, 108 arcade, 256, 259 Alexander, Christopher, 147 architecture, 145, 146 algorithm, 104, 156, 176, 221, 227, 234, 326 Disneyland, 321 alienation, 262, 268, 285, 295, 299 modernism, 147–50, 248 All-State System for the Gathering and postmodernism, 147–50 Processing of Information for Accounting prison, 308 and Governance of the National Economy Red Vienna, 245–46 (OGAS), 173 ruins, 163 alphanumeric naming, 17, 157, 170 shopping malls, 247 Amazon, 229, 230, 231, 233, 235, 263, shops, 259 264, 267 argument, 185 Amazon Web Services, 177 Aristotle, 91, 197, 212 ambient sound, 261 art, 92, 184, 195, 246, 248, 323

370

Index 371

artiﬁcial intelligence, 104, 123, 158, 159, Beethoven, Ludwig van, 111 226, 326 Beldoch, Michael, 128 assertion, 138, 140, 327 Bell, Dan, 263 assimilation, 122, 194, 204, 209, 219, 230, 231, Bell Telephone, 80 235, 263, 311, 314 Benedict of Nursia, 54–56, 57 association, 22, 181 Benjamin, Walter, 112, 163, 258, 272 Association of Computational Linguistics, 221 Disney, 321 asylum, 306 fashion, 131 asymmetric information, 280 media, 92 AT&T Bell, 156 Paris arcades, 259 Atlanta University, 155 photography, 255 ATM, 234 technology, 137 atomic clock, 72 toys, 328 audience, 120 Benkler, Yochai, 331 audio, 3D, 110 Bentham, Jeremy, 237, 308 augmented reality, 15 Berezin, Evelyn, 169 Auschwitz, 316 Bergson, Henri, 68, 70, 72, 76 Austin, J.L., 28, 144, 203 Berman, Marshall, 267 Australia, 162, 174, 299 Bernays, Edward, 217 colonial, 85, 240, 304 Berners-Lee, Tim, 174 Indigenous People, 41, 42, 85, 103, 126, Bernstein, Richard, 293 161, 332 Berrong, Richard, 183 National Museum, 205 Berwick, Robert, 210 schools, 200 bias, 61 Austro-Marxism, 245, 247, 250 Bible, 36, 45, 165, 166, 186 authenticity, 92 bibliography, 174 authoritarianism, 292, 311 big bang, 70 Automatic Language Processing Advisory big box store, 231, 262 Committee, 215 big data, 115, 159, 266 avatar, 138 bilingual literacy, 103 Avraamov, Arseny, 118–19 bill of exchange, 286, 287 Awdry, Rev. W., 265 Bindjareb, 244 Ayatollah Khomeini, 310 binocular image, 79 Ayer, A.J., 293 biometrics, 129 Ayuuto, 106 Bitcoin, 287, 289 BitTorrent, 329 Babbage, Charles, 221 blockchain, 287–91 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 112 body, 123–24, 132, 312, 313 back-propagating error, 159 Bohr, Niels, 143 bag of words, 220 Bolshevik Party, 96, 136, 245 Bakhtin, M.M., 7–8, 96, 181, 209, 212 Bolter, Jay David, 91 Bambi, Jack, 87 bondage, 309 banking, 288 Bondarchuk, Sergei, 187 Banksy, 323–24 book, 138, 164, 165, 166, 174, 178, 179, 231 Bannon, Steve, 236 book publisher, 229 Barad, Karen, 143 Boyle, Willard, 156 Baran, Paul, 173 Bradshaw, George, 152 Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua, 210, 211–13, 221, Brand, Stuart, 329 223, 234 Brandwatch Analytics, 34 Barthes, Roland, 59, 93 breath group, 100, 125 Basement Tapes, 112 Breitbart.com, 236 Bateman, John, 12, 182 Bricklin, Dan, 154 Bauer, Otto, 245 bricoleur, 46 Bauhaus, 253 Brik, Osja, 96, 118 Bavarian Independent Socialist Republic, 255 Brin, Sergei, 174

372 Index

British Library, 165 Childe, V. Gordon, 162 British Raj, 204 China, 163, 164, 165 Broome, Western Australia, 43 Chinese, 98, 100, 101, 124, 225, 226, 249, 263 Budapest School, 299 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Buddhism, 164, 165 Conference, 163 bullshit, 317 Chomsky, Noam, 175, 305 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, biodeterminism, 54, 64, 88, 306 70, 84 linguistics, 8, 17, 28, 99, 100, 151, 197, Butler, Judith, 144 221, 327 machine translation, 209–11, 214 Cage, John, 109, 120 politics, 215–18, 219, 229, 292, 297 Calderon, Margarita, 5 Christ, Jesus, 35, 48, 55, 140, 141, 168, Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group of 186, 262 the Internet Engineering Task Force, 73 Christie, Michael, 333 Cambridge Analytica, 236, 238 chromatic inﬂection, 114 Cambridge Language Research Unit, 100, 224 Church of England, 36 Cambridge University, 42, 224, 237, 276 Church, Kenneth W., 221 Camp Woodland, 110 cinema, 15, 66, 79, 125, 321 Canale, Michael, 5 3D, 79 candela, 84 citation, 172 capitalism, 149, 228, 230, 240, 242, 284, 294, Citroën, 293 306, 310, 321, 331 city, 247, 250 colonial, 244 City College of New York, 113 culture, 116 civic pluralism, 194, 209 ﬁnance, 288 clan, 46 industrial, 74 class, social, 163, 193, 219, 228, 319, 322 merchant, 284 working class, 240, 299, 318 ruling class, 219, 273 class consciousness, 300 sharing economy, 232 classroom discourse, 102 car, 139 clause, 95, 100, 125 Carnap, Rudolf, 67, 212 clickstream, 176, 235, 266 Carnegie Mellon University, 33 Clinton, Hillary, 239 Carroll, Lewis, 81, 89 clock, 82 case, 87, 225 cloud computing, 173, 177 caste, 163 Codd, E.F., 153 catalogue, 174 cognition, 126, 134 cataphora, 179 cognitive prosthesis, 85, 139, 326 Catholicism, 37, 168, 315 cohesion, 178 Catskill Mountains, 110 Colbert, Stephen, 317 Cattell, Raymond B., 238 Cold War, 187, 283 Cazden, Courtney, 101–4, 199, 334 collective, 180 Cazden, Norman, 103, 110–12, 113–15, 123 Collège de France, 311 CBS, 229 colonialism, 219, 244, 304, 319 Central Institute of Labor, 136 colophon, 167 Central Intelligence Agency, 215 color, 88, 156 Chagall, Marc, 206 commodity, 116, 241, 249, 264, 266, 267, 276, Chandler, Raymond, 282 299, 304 change, to, 316, 324–27 culture, 254, 261 character, 249 fetishism, 242–45 character set, 160 market, 258, 259, 317, 331 Charge Coupled Devices (CCD sensors), 156 shopping, 256 Charles Darwin University, 333 Common Ground Markup Language, 227 chat bot, 161 communication, 17, 48, 49, 52–54, 127, 189, Chiariglione, Leonardo, 121 195, 200, 212, 327 Chicago School, economics, 276 communicative reason, 192

Index 373

communism, 164, 207, 219, 228, 281, 283, dataset, 39 306, 331 Datini, Francesco, 284–87 Communist International, 256 de Beauvoir, Simone, 131, 134 Communist Party of Australia, 44 Deacon, Terrence, 38, 46 Communist Party of the United States, 103, 111 deadmalls.com, 263 Compact Disc, 121, 122 deafness, 98, 100, 101, 124 competition, 292 signing, 126 Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors Deleuze, Gilles, 6 (CMOS sensors), 156 demeanor, 124 computational linguistics, 99, 234 democracy, 232 computer, 57, 73, 99, 101, 135 democratic society, 217 computer aided design, 15 Deng Xiaoping, 173 concept, 7, 17, 113, 153, 234, 326 department store, 257, 259 concerto, 109 Derrida, Jacques, 144, 312, 316, 327 conﬂict of interest, 268, 309 Descartes, René, 134, 262, 301, 327 Congress for Racial Equality, 322 design, 7, 17, 58, 90, 93, 112, 117, 133, 138, conjunction, 179 139, 142, 146, 159, 181, 183, 241, 304, consanguinity, 43 317, 324, 327, 329 consciousness, 39, 40, 54, 134, 147, 152, 301, designs, 334 313, 314 Detroit, 80 consent, 217 Dewey, John, 25, 31, 35, 48, 110, 212 consonance, 113 diagram, 39, 101 constructivism, 246 dialect, 95 consumerism, 249 dialectic, 300 context, 21–22, 28–29, 177 dialectology, 77 context of situation, 41, 45 dialogism, 107 conversation, 102, 105, 138, 161, 235 dialogue, 167 Cook, Captain James, 85 diatonic base, 114 cookies, 233, 235, 266 difference, 189, 202, 233 Cooktown, 85 differential interests, 269, 274, 320, 321, 328 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), 73 differential psychology, 237, 238 copyright, 330, 331 differentiation, 122, 194, 209, 220, cosmetics, 124 229–35, 314 cosmopolitanism, 232, 253 digital media, 329 Coursera, 56 digital print, 170 Creative Commons, 331 digital text, 170, 171, 326 Crick, Bernard, 152 Đilas, Milovan, 294 Critical Theory, 113 Dingle, Herbert, 69 Crow, Jim, 130 direct quote, 184 Cruz, Ted, 236, 239 directedness, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39 crying, 108, 127, 207 body, 124, 126 cryptocurrency, 288 emotion, 127 cryptography, 213, 287 music, 112, 113 Cullen, Michael J., 259 object, 140 culture industries, 233 sound, 108 Cummins, Jim, 5 directional icon, 249 Cunningham, Ward, 149 Dirichlet process, 324 cybernetics, 173, 296 discourse, 168, 307, 308 cyborg, 135, 136 discussion board, 104 disharmony, 113 Dacey, Michael, 83 Dismaland, 323 Damasio, Anthony, 126, 128 Disney, Walt, 320–23, 328 dark web, 289 Disney Corporation, 324 data presentation, 39 Disney University, 322 database, 29, 39, 235, 264 Disneyland, 320–23

374 Index

dissonance, 109, 113 Excel, 154, 155 distorted communication, 191, 202, 219 exchange value, 243, 245, 249, 257, 261, 262, division of labor, 136, 270 269, 274, 277, 285 Donald, Merlin, 38 Exchangeable image file format (Exif), 83, 157 Dostoevesky, Fyodor, 207 Existential Graph, Peirce, 27, 29 Dow Jones Index, 236 exophoric association, 178 drawing, 79 experience, 314 Dreamtime, the, 46 expressive causality, 179, 180, 185 Du Bois, W.E.B., 130, 155 Extensible Markup Language (XML), 171 duration, 65, 68, 76, 84, 97 eye-tracking, 260 Durkheim, Emile, 46 Dylan, Bob, 112 Facebook, 34, 79, 83, 177, 198, 229, 230, 231, 235, 237, 238 eBay, 263 facial expression, 125 Eco, Umberto, 59, 142, 201, 203, 205 factory, 135, 136, 139, 243, 245, 270 ecological crisis, 294 Fahlman, Scott, 33 ecommerce funnel, 266 Fairclough, Norman, 199 education, 56, 102, 146, 215, 308 fascism, 190, 238, 247, 292 progressive, 110 fashion, 124, 129, 131, 261 Eggins, Suzanne, 102 Faurisson, Robert, 218 egocentrism, 87 Fay, Margaret, 272–73 Egypt, 163 FBI, 104, 111, 289 Einstein, Albert, 67–72, 74, 77, 82, 143 fear, 127 Eisenstein, Sergei, 321 Febvre, Lucien, 166 Eisner, Kurt, 255 Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 77 e-learning, 33, 103 Fehér, Ferenc, 299 elevation, 82 female, 43 Elleström, Lars, 91 feminine spatiality, 132 ellipsis, 153, 179 feminism, 131, 137, 225, 294, 314 email, 235 Ferris State University, 238 Emerald Ash Borer, 40 feudalism, 283, 285, 291, 299, 302, 303, emoji, 33–35, 101 322, 331 emoticon, 33 Feynman, Richard, 69 emotion, 15, 124, 126, 127, 129, 207 field, 10, 41 emotional intelligence, 35, 128 Fifth Amendment, 111 empathy, 207, 312, 313, 316, 317, 327 figure, 146 empiricism, 212, 221 Fillmore, Charles, 225, 261 enactment, 124, 132 film, 15, 92, 138, 170, 187, 321 Endeavour River, 85 First Peoples, 47, 89, 162, 249, 266, 277, 283, endophoric relation, 178 325, 327 Engels, Friedrich, 43, 44, 47, 267, 272 Australia, 161, 304 engineering drawing, 39 Guugu Yimithirr, 86 Enlightenment, the, 61, 144, 190 Hopi, 74 entanglement, 143 Pinjarra, 244 entity, 17, 63, 153 Firth, J.R., 9 Envirosell, 260 flâneur, 257, 259 erotic feeling, 254 flipped classroom, 57, 160 Esperanto, 222 Flusser, Vilém, 6 ethics, 207 footnote, 167, 172 ethnomusicology, 103, 110, 117 Ford, Henry, 135, 230, 236 eucharist, 35, 140, 141, 262 form, 90 Euclid, 168 form, meaning, 3–7 eugenics, 238 formalism, 7, 96, 253 European Union, 192 Foucault, Michel, 144, 237, 311, 316, 318 event, 146 frame, 146, 178, 194, 199, 261

Index 375

frame semantics, 261 Goffman, Erving, 147 Frankfurt, Harry, 317 Goldfarb, Charles, 171 Frankfurt School of Social Research, 112 Gombrich, E.H., 65 Frankfurter Allee, 252 Goodman, Leah, 287 Frankston, Bob, 154 Goody, Jack, 100, 162 Fraser, Nancy, 318–20 Google, 107, 175, 229, 230, 235, 266 free market, 177, 244, 274, 280, 283, 291, 304 Android, 34 Freud, Sigmund, 94, 207, 217 Book Search, 176 Friedman, Milton, 276–79, 282, 310 Brain, 226 Friedrichshain, Berlin, 252 Docs, 176, 266 function, 90 Earth, 83 function, meaning, 9–13 Emojis, 34 Furness, William Henry, 276 Maps, 83 future, 71 Neural Machine Translation, 227 Play, 233 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 60–63, 191, 301 Scholar, 80, 176 Gagaku music, 115 Street View, 83 Galloway, Alexander, 91 Translate, 221, 226 games, 33 Web Search, 176, 331 Gangarr, 85 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 208 Gärdenfors, Peter, 133, 142 Gorky, Maxim, 137 Gardiner, Geoffrey W., 286 governance, 177, 235, 311 Garﬁeld, Eugene, 175 Graeber, David, 106, 281 Gastev, Aleksei, 136 Graepel, Thore, 237 Gates, Bill, 154 grafﬁti, 198 gaze, 308 grammar, 51, 222 Gee, James Paul, 59, 137–39, 199 quantum, 145 gender, 95, 124, 133, 194, 318 gramophone, 92 gendre, 133 grapheme, 14, 101, 151, 160, 169 Generalized Markup Language (GML), graphemics, 12 171 Grass, Günter, 170 genetics, 129 gravity, 69 genre, 22, 181–83, 199 Great Depression, 259, 263, 279 geocentrism, 89 Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 221 Geographic Information Systems (GIS), 83 Greenwich Observatory, 73 geography, 80, 145 Groote Eylandt, Gulf of Carpentaria, 42 geolocation, 157 ground, 146 GeoNames, 83 Gruen, Victor, 247–52, 256, 267, 322 Georgia State University, 38 Gruen effect, 258 geotagging, 235 Grusin, Richard, 91 German Democratic Republic, 47, 253 Guattari, Félix, 84, 104 gerontocracy, 45 Guberina, Petar, 100 gesticulation, 124, 132 Guier, William, 81 gesture, 33 Gulf War, 82 Gibson, James, 92 Gurr, Bob, 320 gig economy, 106 Gutenberg, Johannes, 165, 166 Gilster, Tim, 239 Guugu Yimithirr, 85–90 Global Positioning System (GPS), 81, 85, 88, 99, 105 Habermas, Jürgen, 190–92, 197, 202, 219, 293, globalization, 34 297, 318 Gluskov, Viktor, 173, 177 hack, 304, 309, 325, 328, 329 Gmail, 176, 266 hactivism, 329 GNU General Public License, 330 hair, 124, 132 GNU operating system, 330 hair color, 129 God, 55, 94, 113, 168, 269, 287 Hall, Stuart, 49

376 Index

Halliday, M.A.K., 1, 100, 102, 295, 298 hospital, 306 child meaning, 195 House Un-American Activities Committee, Chinese, 225 104, 111, 164 context of situation, 41 human nature, 89, 317 genre, 181 humanism, 312, 316, 317 interlanguage, 227 Humboldt University, 44 metafunction, 4, 9 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 295 relations, 179 humpback whale, 38 rhetoric, 197 Hungarian Soviet Republic, 299 speech, 94, 125 Husserl, Edmund, 298, 311–15, 316 strata, 9 hybrid, 95, 99, 100, 104, 117, 183 system, 8 hyperlink, 176 tense, 64 hypertext, 167, 174, 174, 184 hand of God shot, 265 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), haptics, 15, 139 171, 174 Haraway, Donna, 135, 137 hyponymy, 179 harmony, 113 Harris, Zellig, 210, 220 iambic hexameter, 92 Harvard Business School, 154 IBM, 153, 171, 220, 236 Harvard University, 97, 102, 111, 209, 238 iCalendar, 73 Hasan, Ruqaiya, 10, 179, 182 icon, 31, 38, 39, 101 Haviland, John B., 86 ideal, the, 7, 31, 37, 46, 53, 94, 128, 129, 140, heading, 167, 171, 174 269, 301, 304, 327, 333 headphones, 109, 120 idealism, 6 Hearst Corporation, 229 identity, 319 heat map, 266 ideograph, 14, 98, 99, 101, 160, 225, 249 Hebrew, 209 ideology, 8, 201, 207, 219, 230, 291, 312 Hebrew University, 214 illumination, 166 Hegel, G.W.F., 272, 301 image, 65, 79, 101, 109, 151–152, 168 Heidegger, Martin, 60, 62, 191 mental, 53 Helig, Morton L., 79 perception, 53 Heller, Agnes, 299, 303 image-recognition software, 234 Heller, Bert, 253 IMF, 296 Henselmann, Hermann, 252, 253 Imperial Museum at Calcutta, 204 Herman, Edward, 216 imperialism, 218 hermeneutical circle, 60 inattentional blindness, 268 hermeneutics, 61, 91, 191 index, 31, 38, 39, 71, 167, 174 heteroglossia, 206, 208, 209, 212 India, 327 High dynamic range (HDR), 157 Indian Museum, 204 Hinduism, 206 inequality, 40, 123, 165, 192, 193, 202, 243, history, 241 245, 279, 291, 306, 309, 316, 318 Hitler, Adolf, 187, 247 infant, 142 Hjelmslev, Louis, 9, 93 infographic, 155 Hobsbawm, Eric, 117 information text, 185 Hollywood, 229 information theory, 211 holocaust, 218 Instagram, 83, 231 holographic representation, 15 instance, 7, 17, 153, 162, 234, 235, 326 homo sapiens, 38, 129 Institute for Scientiﬁc Information, 175 homonym, 225 Institute for Social Research, Frankfurt, 318 homophobia, 291 Institute for the Study of Academic honeybee, 38 Racism, 238 Honneth, Axel, 318 Institute of Education, London University, 199 Hope Vale, 86 instrumental reason, 192, 197 Hopi, 74–77, 89 intellectual, 215 Horkheimer, Max, 122, 256 intellectual property, 227, 330, 331

Index 377

interest, 148, 189–90, 193–94 Khrushchev, Nikita, 223, 252 interlanguage, 227 kilogram, 84 interlingua, 223, 224, 225, 227, 233, 234 kin classiﬁcation, 43 International Council of Shopping Centres, 251 kinesthetics, 145, 147 International Meridian Conference, 73, 82 King Kullen, 259 International Phonetic Alphabet, 98 kinship structures, 42 International Phonetic Association, 98 kinship systems, 43 International Standardization Organization Kittler, Friedrich, 91 (ISO), 121 Kleinman, Ronald, 316 International Telecommunications Union, 73 Knowledge, the, 105 internet, 35, 57, 73, 79, 121, 122, 173, 176, 177, knowledge economy, 233 231, 235, 280 Koch, Christof, 152 internet of things, 235 Kodak, 156 interpretation, 58–59, 71, 91, 189, 191, 203 Kogan, Aleksandr, 237 intersectional feminist theory, 236 Koller, Daphne, 56–58 intersectionality, 234 Koran. See Qur’an intertextuality, 174 Kosinski, Michal, 237 intonation, 95 Kowinski, William, 250 invasion, 86 Kress, Gunther, 3, 16, 49, 93, 196, 198 Islam, 56 Kroner, Richard, 62 Islamic Revolution, 310 Kruger, Barbara, 262 isomorphism, 195 Krull, Germaine, 255–58 Isotype, 212 Kurita, Shigetaka, 33 Kusturica, Emir, 298 Jackendoff, Ray, 152 Jakobson, Roman, 7, 95, 102, 118, 208, 211 Lakoff, George, 128, 141 speech, 100, 108, 113 language, 14, 23, 28, 38, 61, 98, 134, 140, 144, structuralism, 8, 161 191, 197, 206, 222, 228, 234, 295, 300, James, William, 25 307, 326 Japanese dentistry symbols, 34 language game, 147, 191, 301 jazz, 116–17, 120, 121 Las Vegas, 150 jewelry, 124, 131 Lateran Council, Fourth, 35 Johns Hopkins University, 81 Latin, 165, 166 Johnson, Mark, 126, 128, 141 latitude, 82 Johnson, Philip, 252 laughing, 108, 127, 129 Joint Photographic Experts Group, 157 Le Corbusier, 147, 149 Jolly, A.T.H., 43 learning management system, 104 Joplin, Janis, 112 Leclercq, Dom Jean, 186 journal article, 39 lecture, 56, 57, 95, 160, 183 Joyce, James, 186 Lemke, Jay, 4, 16 JPEG format, 157 Lenin, Vladimir, 95, 119, 136, 208, 255, Julliard School, 113 300 justice, 319 Leningrad State University, 223 Lessig, Laurence, 331 Kant, Immanuel, 6, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73, 298, letterpress printing, 166, 167, 172, 231 301, 327 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 46, 96, 161, 162 Kanzi, bonobo, 38 Levy, Steven, 329 Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, 254 Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 46 Karl-Marx-Allee, 252 lexicography, 224 Karl-Marx-Hof, 246 lexigram keyboard, 38 Karnatic music, 115 Li Zhizhong, 163 Keen, Ian, 333 liberal democracy, 218 kelvin, 84 Liebknecht, Karl, 254 Kern, Richard, 105 lifeworld, 192, 193, 197, 200, 232, 314, 318 Keynes, John Maynard, 276, 278 light, 69, 84, 143, 156

378 Index

likeness, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 127 Marx, Karl, 43, 242–45, 249 body, 124, 126 1844 Manuscripts, 272–74, 295, 300, 301 music, 111, 113 Capital, 240 object, 140 Communist Manifesto, 267 sound, 108 Marxism, 222, 228, 303 linear perspective, 79, 109, 158, 321 mass communication, 219, 230 linguistic relativity, 74, 76, 88 mass consumerism, 230 linguistics, 176, 206, 215 mass culture, 230 Linotron, 169 mass customization, 231 Linux, 330, 331 mass media, 218, 219, 230, 311 Lippmann, Walter, 217 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 74, 154, list, 162, 171 210, 211, 213, 216, 328, 330 literal, 142 Masterman, Margaret, 100–1, 125, 224–26, literariness, 7 227, 233 Locke, John, 92, 327 material, the, 7, 31, 37, 46, 53, 94, 128, 129, logic, 25, 26, 36, 46, 67, 79, 84, 168, 197, 209, 140, 269, 301, 304, 327, 333 212, 213, 214, 222 materialism, 6, 327 logical positivism, 67, 212, 293, 295, 301 materialization, 21, 31–32, 124 London School of Economics, 41 mathematical notation, 39, 184 London, Brighton and South Coast mathematics, 84, 167, 210, 212, 216, 305, 324 Railway, 265 as writing, 162 longitude, 82 of time, 67, 68, 71, 76 Loos, Adolf, 149, 246, 247 matrilineal descent, 43 Lovelace, Ada, 122, 221 Mauss, Marcel, 46 Lukács, György, 183, 299, 300 McCarthyism, 104, 108 Luke, Allan, 199 McClure, Frank, 81 Luke, Carmen, 199 McLuhan, Marshall, 91, 174 Luria, Aleksandr, 51, 54 McNeill, David, 124 Luxemburg, Rosa, 254 media, 8, 16, 216, 229 lyrics, 109, 110 analogue, 14, 170, 231 digital, 14, 79, 101, 103, 170, 220, 230, machine, 135 233, 326 machine learning, 158, 224 medicine, 39 machine translation, 211, 213, 220, 221, Medicis of Florence, 285 224, 234 medium, 7, 11, 21, 50, 52, 90–94, 326 MacLeod, Harris, 239 Medvedev, P.N., 7. See Bakhtin, M.M. main street, 248, 263, 320, 322 Mehler, Barry, 238 mainframe computer, 229 Mel’chuk, Igor, 223 Malevich, Kazemir, 206 memory, 71 Malinowski, Bronisław, 9, 41, 42 Mercer, Robert, 220, 227, 233, 235–38, Malotki, Ekkehart, 75 267, 332 Manning, Chelsea, 329 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 134 Marble, Duane, 83 meronomy, 179 Marcus, Steve, 121 metafunction, 4 Marika-Mununggiritj, Raymattja, 332 metaphor, 140–43 market, 284, 286, 289, 296, 310, 317 metaphysics, 68, 71, 101, 243 market asymmetry, 107 meter, 70, 84 Marković, Mihailo, 293, 297 metonymy, 141 markup, 171, 172, 233, 235 Michaels, Sarah, 199 Márkus, György, 183, 298–303, 319 Michigan State University, 175 Márkus, Maria, 299 Microsoft, 154, 176, 229, 230 Marr, Nicholas, 228 Microsoft Windows, 34 marriage equality, 205 microtonal system, 119 Martin, Henri-Jean, 166 MIDI ﬁle, 115 Martin, J.R., 10 Miller, Carolyn, 182

Index 379

Milošević, Slobodan, 297 multisynopticon, 311 mindsight, 141, 261 Munuŋgurr, Rerrkirrwaŋa, 334 missionary, 87 Murphy, Eloise, 205 mistrust, 107 museum, 181 MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, 214 Museum of Modern Art in New York, 33 mnemonics, 260 music, 53, 84, 108, 113, 120, 138, 141 mobile phone, 33, 82, 104 ambient, 109 mode, 4, 10, 15, 41 Bali, 115, 119 model railway, 328 digitization, 122 modernism elevator, 120 architecture, 148, 149, 150, 246, 247, Ghana, 115 253, 293 India, 115 magazine design, 255 Indian, 119 music, 113, 115, 117 Japan, 115 modernity, 42, 56, 62, 70, 72, 74, 81, 88, 89, 95, mood, 250 122, 148, 152, 158, 186, 192, 220, 235, non-tonal, 115 242, 249, 255, 256, 267, 276, 293, 305, popular, 116, 120, 122 310, 311, 318, 323 recorded, 109 modulation, 114 Western, 115, 119 moiety, 46 musical notation, 117, 120 mole, 84 Muybridge, Eadweard, 66 moment, 65 Muzak, 261 monasticism, Western, 54 myPersonality, 237 money, 130, 236, 252, 257, 282, 289 exchange value, 243, 244, 283 Nadar, Félix, 156 ﬁrst writing, 162 Nadar, Paul, 156 trickery, 281 Nakamoto, Satoshi, 287–91, 323 Yap, 277 Nakata, Martin, 199 monologue, 168, 184, 206, 230 Napoleon, 187 monorail, 320, 323 Naquayouma, Ernest, 74 MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), narrative, 185 56–58, 160 National Center for Supercomputing Moog, Robert, 120 Applications, 174 Moog Synthesizer, 120 National Library of China, 163 Moore’s law, 156 National Museum of Australia, 205 Mordovian Pedagogical Institute, 208 National Science Foundation, 175, 215 Morgan, Lewis H., 43 nationalism, 192, 292, 296, 303 morpheme, 14, 84 nationalist, 304 morphophonetics, 209 NATO, 297 Morrison, Toni, 129–31 natural history, 63, 145, 181 Mosaic, 174 natural language processing, 220, 226, 234 Moscow Linguistic Circle, 96 natural science, 216 Moscow State University, 208, 253 naturalism, 109, 111, 113 Mother Teresa, 204 nature, 53, 69, 70 motif, 8 Naval Surface Warfare Center, 81 Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG), 121 navigation map, 249 movable type, 165 Nazi Party, 113, 272 movie, 313 collaborators, 292 movie score, 112 Martin Heidegger, 62 MP3, 121, 122 membership by professors, 190 multiculturalism, 232 on art, 115 multilingualism, 105 refugees, 315 multiliteracies, 4 refugees from, 164 multimodality, 3, 13–15 Second World War, 208, 298 Multiplan, 154 supporters, 238

380 Index

NBC, 229 packet switching, 173 Needham, Joseph, 165 page numbering, 167, 174 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 294 Page, Larry, 174 Nelson, Ted, 154, 174, 174 PageRank, 174 neoclassical style, 253 pain, 127, 312, 316 neoliberalism, 276 painting, 79 Network Time Protocol, 72 Palace of the Republic, East Berlin, 254 neural net, 158, 159, 227 panopticon, 237, 308, 311 Neurath, Otto, 33, 212, 246 Panov, D.Yu., 224 neuroscience, 38 paper, 163, 164, 165 New London Group, 199 paradigm, 325 New School for Social Research, New York, paragraph, 167, 171, 179 96, 113, 256, 303 Parello, Bruce, 33 New York World’s Fair, 247 Paris, 62, 149, 150, 155, 179, 255 Newfield, Denise, 16 parking, 247, 259, 322 newspaper, 218, 229, 231 Parkinson, Brad, 82 Newton, Isaac, 76, 168 parse, 95, 190, 242, 315, 317, 318, n-gram, 99, 101 324 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 306, 318 participation, 21, 47–48, 144, 189, 192, Nippon Columbia, 121 220, 274 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, 121 patrilineal descent, 43 Nix, Alexander, 238 pattern language, 147 Nixon, Richard, 320, 322 Pearson, Noel, 85 Nobel Prize, 69, 129, 143, 150, 156, 170, 276, pedagogy, 246 280, 281 Peel, Sir Robert, 240 noise, 109 Peel, Thomas, 240, 244 Nokia, 264 peer-to-peer, 287 Non-Aligned Movement, 294 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 24–27, 30, 31, 46, 201 Northland Center, 248 interpretant, 59 novel, 184, 185 series, 47 NTT, Japanese telephone company, symbolism, 113, 195 33 triads, 38, 39 NUDE project, 225 People’s Commissariat of Enlightenment, nudity, 254 96, 118 perambulatory experience, 249 Obama, Barack, 236 perception, 71 object, 124, 140, 207 performance, 146 Oculus, 79 personality profile, 237 offset printing, 167, 231 Peters, Benjamin, 173 Ogden, C.K., 30, 41, 212 Peters, John, 92 Ong, Walter, 167, 168 phenomenology, 314 onomatopoeia, 33, 111 phenotype, 129 ontology, 101, 105, 224, 227, 233, 235, 264, philology, 206 296, 326 phishing, 280, 289 quantum, 143 phone, 34, 57, 80, 235 ontology, computing, 28, 39 phoneme, 14, 97, 99, 101, 160 open source, 287, 330 phonemics, 12, 97, 124 OpenStreetMap, 83 phonetics, 97 oral discourse, 103 phonocentrism, 124 orchestra, 113 phonograph, 120, 121, 122 organization, 282, 291 phonology, 11, 97 oriental despotism, 164 photograph, 27, 33, 42, 52 ornament, 150 photography, 66, 79, 83, 255, 256 other, 17, 140, 312, 326 digital, 156, 158 Oxford University, 36 film, 157

Index 381

photolithographic printing, 170, 231 Pritzker Prize, 150 phototypesetting, 222 private property, 43, 88, 273 phrase, 100, 210 product number, 123 phreaking, 280 productive diversity, 194, 202, 203 physics, 145, 216 program, 148, 193, 208, 219, 231, 233, physique, 129 251 Pi Sheng, 165 promiscuity, 45 Piaget, Jean, 51 propaganda, 216, 218, 219, 297, 302 pictorial statistics, 246 prosody, 97 pictorialism, 112, 113 prosthesis, cognitive, 50, 53, 85 picture language, 101 protestant reformation, 36 picture theory, 225 Protestantism, 37, 168 Piggly Wiggly, 259 proxemics, 145, 147 Pinjarra Massacre, 244 psychodemographic proﬁle, 237 Pinker, Steven, 152 psychographics, 239 Pirate Bay, 329 psychological testing, 238 pixel, 156, 157, 170 psychometrics, 237 place, 21, 63, 77–79, 88, 153 public relations, 217 plasma screen, 33 public space, 251 Plato, 5, 197 PLATO, computer system, 33 Qantas Empire Airways, 42 playlist, 123, 231 quality, 17, 153, 162 pleasure, 127, 139 quantity, 17, 153, 162 plot, 8 quantum computing, 159 poetry, 7, 95, 99, 117, 183 quantum mechanics, 69, 94, 143, 145 Pol Pot, 218 quotation, 95 polygyny, 45 Qur’an, 56 polyphony, 114 Pope Innocent III, 35 race, 124, 129–31, 193, 204, 319, 322 Pope John Paul II, 316 racism, 129, 130, 155, 180, 238, 291, 303, 319 position, 63–64, 153 radio, 92, 95, 120, 121, 122, 218, 229, 231 possibility, 138, 140, 327 RailDreams, 332 posthumanism, 144 railroad, 321 post-industrial society, 294 railway, 135 postmodernism, 148, 150 railway model, 332 poststructuralism, 326, 327 railway timetable, 74, 152 posture, 124 Ramsay, George, 210 power, 318 Ramus, Petrus, 167 pragmatics, 28, 308 RCA, 120 pragmatism, 25, 31 Reagan, Ronald, 276, 278, 320 Prague Linguistic Circle, 96 realism, 109, 112, 113 Prague Spring, 294 recessive genes, 43 praxis, 295, 302, 315 recommendation software, 123 Praxis Group, 293, 318 recorded music, 121 prayer, 113 recording, digital, 109, 121 precedence effect, 109, 121 recursion, 152 predication, 51, 63, 140 Red Army, 187, 252 prejudice, 60, 63, 155, 191 Red Vienna, 245–46, 247, 250 preposition, 65 Redactron, 169 primitive communism, 43 reference, 42 Princeton University, 69 register, 10 printing, 79 Reichenbach, Hans, 65, 67 printing press, 229 Reidemeister, Marie, 33, 246 print-on-demand, 231 reiﬁcation, 17, 193, 202, 220, 240–42, 270, prison, 306 275, 299, 318, 327

382 Index

reiﬁcation (cont.) speech, 113 market, 189, 244, 267 structuralism, 8, 28, 46, 96, 161, 206, 327 shopping, 251, 258 Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, 38 relational database, 154, 264 scaling, 179, 180 relativity, 72, 73, 74, 77 Scamell-Katz, Siemon, 260 religion, 141, 162, 166, 310 Scentair, 261 Renaissance Technologies, 236 schema, 261 rendering, 159, 170, 171 Schiller, Herbert, 218, 219, 229 renting, 107 Schiller, Robert, 280 replication, 324, 329, 332 Schlick, Moritz, 67 representation, 17, 49–50, 52, 127, 189, 196, Schönberg, Arnold, 115 198, 199, 327 School for Social Research, Frankfurt, 116, 256 reputational software, 106 Schumpeter, Joseph, 230 requirement, 138, 140 science, 39, 67, 69, 161, 167, 174, 194, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 211 314, 318 retraction, 125 Scientiﬁc and Research Institute for Jet revolution, 304, 309, 325, 329 Propulsion, 137 RFID chip, 324 Scollon, Ron, 249 rheme, 146 Scott-Brown, Denise, 148, 150 rhetoric, 17, 91, 168, 193, 197, 199, 200–2, ScrapeHero, 263 241, 244, 274, 327 screen, 170, 174 closed, 202–3 scribe, 162 market, 189, 281 script, 160, 206 media, 220, 233, 235 scroll, 164 open, 203 search engine, 174, 176 untruth, 317 Second Viennese School, 115 rhythm, 114, 116 secretary, 169 Richards, I.A., 30, 41 security, 250, 271, 289, 322, 323 Richens, Richard, 225 Seeger, Pete, 110 riff, 112 self, 17, 140, 312, 327 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, 108 self-service store, 259 robot, 136, 213 semantic algorithm, 101 role, 140 semantic primitive, 224 Roman alphabet, 98 semantic square, 101 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 110 semiosis, 201 Rose, Frederick G.G., 42–47 sense, 13, 23, 26, 79, 126, 140, 269, 313 Rossi, Aldo, 252 Sensorama Simulator, 79 Royal Anthropological Institute, 43 sensorimotor system, 128 Rumbaugh, Duane, 38 sentence, 100, 179, 197, 211, 212, 216 Russell, Bertrand, 25, 46, 212 sentience, 40, 128, 152 Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 296 saccade, 98 seriality, 179 sado-masochism, 309 Settlement, Housing, and Construction Guild saint, 262, 316 of Austria, 246 Samson, Peter, 328 sex, 133 Sanskrit, 206, 209 sexism, 132, 139, 150, 291, 319 Sapir, Edward, 76 sexual intercourse, 116 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 76 sexual relations, 43 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 52, 134, 179, 257 sexual taboo, 43 Sasson, Steven, 156 sexuality, 193 satellite, 81, 82 Shannon, Claude, 213 Saunders, Clarence, 259 sharing, 107 Saussure, Ferdinand de, 17, 301 sharing economy, 104, 232 Sanskrit, 209 shopping, 146, 233, 235, 249, 258–62, 263, 264 sign, 46, 100, 196 online, 264

Index 383

shopping mall, 88, 150, 247–52, 256, 259, 262, rhetoric, 318 266, 267 sharing, 330 Shuruppak (Fara), 162 Somali, 105 sighing, 108 somatic marker, 126 sign, 24, 28, 31, 196, 206, 308 song, 95, 110, 112 sign language, 98 Sophists, the, 197 signage, 249 sound, 92, 108–10 significance, 24, 26 recording, 95 significs, 24, 26 stereophonic, 109, 120 signified, 46, 97, 100 soundtrack, movie, 109 signifier, 46, 97, 100 SourceForge, 287 signing, deaf, 124 Southdale Center, 248 silence, 109 Soviet Union, 294 Silk Route, 165 cinema, 187 simulacrum, 6 computer networking, 173 simultaneity, 67, 71, 73, 100 formalism, 96 skin color, 129 intellectuals, 206, 207, 237, 300 Skinner, B.F., 40, 327 invasion of Czechoslovakia, 294 Slade, Diana, 102 money, 283 slavery, 43, 130, 155, 163, 244, 277, 283, 285, music, 118 310, 319 photography, 255 Slobin, Dan, 100 spy, 44 smart phone, 73, 139, 233 technology, 81, 82, 213, 222, 253 smiley face :-), 33 space, 145 Smith, Adam, 268–71, 274, 277, 282, 288, speech, 39, 94–95, 102, 108, 124, 144, 308 313, 331 and gesticulation, 125 Smith, George E., 156 egocentric, 51 SMS message, 104 genre, 181 Snowden, Edward, 329 inner, 51, 53 sociability, 189, 194, 233, 269, 274–76, 279, 317 listening, 55, 78 Social and Economic Museum, Vienna, 246 overt, 52 social democracy, 192 place, 82 Social Democratic Party of Austria, 245 recorded, 100, 161, 326 social media, 95, 104, 230, 235, 311 spontaneous, 100 social movement, 294 syntax, 14 socialism time, 65 conviction, 117, 247, 248 Speech Synthesis Markup Language, 99 state, 149, 222, 252, 272, 294, 302, 306 spirituality, 262, 310, 332 Socrates, 5 Spotify, 231, 233 Socratic dialogue, 167 spreadsheet, 154, 156 software, 73, 85, 106, 107, 149, 154 Sputnik, 81 audio, 122 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 168 code, 330 Stalin, Joseph, 120, 137, 208, 222, 228, 235, face recognition, 158 252, 299 GIS, 83 Stalinallee, 252 image-recognition, 234 Stalinism, 164, 183, 207 license, 330 Stallman, Richard, 330 open source, 287, 331 Standard Generalized Markup Language patents, 227 (SGML), 171 recommendation, 123 Stanford University, 174 reputational, 106 Starr, Ringo, 265 spreadsheet, 155 statistical machine translation, 221, 226 solidary interests, 189, 204, 275, 282, 284, statistics, 159 291, 317 Stein, Aurel, 165 empathy, 312 Stein, Edith, 311–16, 317

384 Index

stem, 226 text, 39, 55, 65, 78, 82, 108, 124, 144, 151, stereo speakers, 109 160–61, 216, 326 Stern, Daniel, 142 syntax, 14 Sternfeld, Ary, 137 text message, 161, 183, 235 Stillwell, David, 237 textbook, 167 Stinchcombe, Kai, 289 text-mining, 238 Stöckl, Hartmut, 4, 16 Thacker, Eugene, 91 Straus, Erwin, 132 Thatcher, Margaret, 276, 278 streaming, 122, 123 The Band, 112 street, 88 The Internationale,118 stroke, 125 theater, 125, 146 structuralism, 17, 28, 96, 97, 161, 327 theme, 146 structure, 42, 178, 216, 235 theme park, 265 structured data, 234 Theremin, L.S., 119 stylesheet, 171 theremin, musical instrument, 119 Subhuti, 165 thermodynamics, second law of, 70 subjectivity, 199 thesaurus, 224, 226 suburbanization, 247 third world, 219 Sumer, 162 Thomas & Friends Pocket Fantasy Station, 265 supermarket, 259, 263 Thomas the Tank Engine, 265 supermarket order, 127, 139, 260, 275, 326 thought control, 217 surplus value, 243 time, 21, 63, 64–67, 88, 153 surveillance camera, 266 time and motion study, 74 Swain, Merrill, 5 time dilation, 68 Swan River, Western Australia, 240 time zone, 73 syllable, 97, 99 timelessness, 67 symbol, 31, 36, 38, 39, 101, 113 timescale, 181 symbolism, 76 Tito, Josip Broz, 292 sympathy, 269, 306, 313 Tobler, W.R., 80 symphony, 121 Todorov, Tzvetan, 183 Symphony of Factory Sirens, 118 tonality, 114 synecdoche, 141 tone, 113, 116 synesthesia, 16, 52, 216 torture, 309 synonymy, 179 Torvalds, Linus, 330 syntax, 212, 213 totem, 46 synthesized sound, 33 tradition, 60 synthetic speech, 99 transactivity, 140 Syrian Electronic Army, 236 transduction, 16 transformation, 189, 303–5, 317 taboo, 45 transmediation, 91 tabular array, 153 transposition, 3, 15–17, 326 tag, 171, 233 transubstantiation, 31, 35, 36, 262, 265 talkback radio, 230 tritone interval, 115 taxonomy, 225 Trobriand Islands, 9, 41 Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 74, 136 trompe l’oeuil, 151, 158 Taylor, Richard, 332 Trotsky, Leon, 137 TCP/IP, 173 Troyanskii, Petr Petrovich, 221, 223 Tech Model Railroad Club at MIT, 328–29 Trump, Donald, 236, 239 TED Talk, 56, 161 trust, 107 Telecom Italia, 121 truth, 311, 317, 318 telephone, 80, 95 truthiness, 266, 317 telesthesia, 80 Tshai Lun, 164 television, 79, 170, 218, 229, 320 Turing, Alan, 122, 153, 158 tenor, 10, 41 Turnbull, Malcolm, 205 tense, 64, 65, 74 Turner, J.M.W., 66

Index 385

Twitter, 34, 106, 231 voice, 95, 104 typing, 169 voice synthesis, 99 typography, 171, 172, 249 Vološinov, V.N., See Bakhtin, M.M. von Wright, Georg Henrik, 293 U.S. Patent Ofﬁce, 227 Vu magazine, 255 Uber, 104–08, 161 Vygotsky, 51 Ulbricht, Ross, 290 ultrachromatic octave, 119 Waddy, Julie, 45 Umbakumba Bay, 42 Wall Street, 236 unboxing, 264 Walmart, 231, 263 Underhill, Paco, 260 Walpiri, 126 unhappy face :-(, 33 Wang Chen, 165 Unicode, 14, 33, 34, 98, 151, 160, 166, 170 war, 40, 130 Uniform Record Locator (URL), 174 Warhol, Andy, 150 United Nations, 110, 192 Wark, McKenzie, 80, 91, 233, 331 University of Baku, 228 warning, 109 University of Belgrade, 293 wayﬁnding, 85 University of Berlin, 72 Weaver, Warren, 213 University of California, Berkeley, 309 web navigation, 235 University of Chicago, 156 Wegener, Philipp, 9 University of Illinois, 33, 103, 111, 167, 174, Weiffenbach, George, 81 220, 238 Weishar, Joseph, 261 University of Lyon, 218 Welby, Victoria, 23–27, 30 University of Maine, 111 welfare state, 278, 311 University of Oxford, 293 West, Gladys B., 81 University of Paris, 167 West, Kanye, 110 University of Pennsylvania, 175, 209 white noise, 109 University of Prague, 96 Whitehead, Alfred North, 25 University of Sydney, 102, 197, 298 Whole Earth Catalog, 329 University of Zagreb, 293 Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 74–77 unmarked, 95 wiki, 149 unstructured data, 234 Williams, Raymond, 49, 91, 200 urbanism, 251 Winteler, Jost, 77 use value, 243, 249, 257, 261, 262, 266, Wittfogel, Karl, 164 269, 274 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 46, 224, 293 USSR Academy of Sciences, 224 architecture, 247 utopia, 258, 267 form of life, 56, 89, 191, 301 language games, 61, 147 van der Rohe, Ludwig Mies, 149 picture language, 101 variable print, 231 picture theory, 225 Vent, Hans, 254 Tractatus, 30, 212, 300 Venturi, Robert, 148, 150 women, 43, 101, 132, 133, 134, 254, 263, 314 verb, 75 woodblock printing, 163, 164 vervet monkey, 38 Woodstock Festival, 112 Victoria, Queen, 25 word processor, 169 video, 15, 57, 66, 125, 160, 170, 260, 265 WordStar, 169 video game, 137–39 World Bank, 296 Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, 247 World Tone System, 119 Vienna Circle, 211, 212, 246, 293, 295 World Wide Web Consortium, 99 Vienna Museum of Society and Economy, 33 worldview, 76 Vietnam War, 215, 218, 219, 294 World-Wide Web, 174 virtual reality, 15, 79 Wozniak, Steve, 329 VisiCalc, 154 Wu Zetian, Empress, 163, 164 visual cliff, 92 Wyclif, John, 35–37, 49, 140 visualization, 155 Wylie, Christopher, 236

386 Index

Xerography, 231 Yolŋu, 332–35 Yothu Yindi, 335 Yahoo, 176 Young, Iris Marion, 132 Yale University, 76, 150 YouTube, 198, 230, 233, 264 Yap, island, 276, 288 Youyou, Wu, 237 Yasuda, Hiroshi, 121 Yugoslavia, 100, 111, 292–98, 304, 310 year, 72 Yunupingu, Mandawuy, 335 Yiddish, 110 Yngve, Victor, 214 Zillow, 83