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The Analysis of Swear Words That Are Used by White and Black Characters in 12 Years a Slave Movie

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE ANALYSIS OF SWEAR WORDS THAT ARE USED BY WHITE AND BLACK CHARACTERS IN 12 YEARS A SLAVE MOVIE A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Triolinda Esterika Student Number: 121214132 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE ANALYSIS OF SWEAR WORDS THAT ARE USED BY WHITE AND BLACK CHARACTERS IN 12 YEARS A SLAVE MOVIE A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Triolinda Esterika Student Number: 121214132 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE Be someone else’s sunshine. Be the reason someone smiles today. -Unknown- This thesis is dedicated to: my Almighty Lord my beloved family and my wonderful friends iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should. Yogyakarta, 14 June 2016 The Writer Triolinda Esterika 121214132 v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Univesitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Triolinda Esterika Nomor Mahasiswa : 121214132 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: THE ANALYSIS OF SWEAR WORDS THAT ARE USED BY WHITE AND BLACK CHARACTERS IN 12 YEARS A SLAVE MOVIE Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 13 Juli 2016 Yang menyatakan Triolinda Esterika vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Esterika, Triolinda. (2016). The Analysis of Swear Words that Are Used by White and Black Characters in 12 Years a Slave Movie. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. The researcher investigates swear words uttered by White and Black Characters in 12 Years a Slave movie by using sociolinguistics approach. The movie is based on Solomon Northup‘s true story in his 12 years of being a slave in 19th century when slavery period happened in America. He is a free African- American man who is abducted and sold into slavery. He and other slaves who are all black people get very brutal treatment from their masters or White people through physical violence and slur like swearing at them. The research aims to analyze the swear words that are used by the characters in the movie, especially White and Black people. It will study swear words and ethnicity. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to identify the types of swear words and the speakers‘ purposes of using the swear words. This research employs content analysis as the method because the source of the data is from the movie and its transcription. The subject of the research is the dialogues from the movie which contain swear words. The primary instrument to collect and analyze the data was the researcher, while the second instrument was the data sheet. Several relevant books i.e. sociolinguistics, psycholinguistic and history are used as the references to answer the research questions. Based on the analysis, this study found that the types of swear words in this movie are included in 3 types, namely epithet, profanity, and obscenity. It is also found that White characters are more often in uttering swear words than Black characters. Profanity is the most dominant type used by the characters in the movie, especially White people. In addition, White and Black characters have different purposes of swearing which are to attract attention, to discredit, to provoke, to create interpersonal identification, and to provide catharsis. The most common purpose of swearing is to discredit other people. It is employed by White characters in the movie. However, the purpose of swearing for Black characters in the movie is to attract attention. Keywords: swear words, characters, ethnicity, 12 Years a Slave vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Esterika, Triolinda. (2016). The Analysis of Swear Words that Are Used by White and Black Characters in 12 Years a Slave Movie. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Penulis meneliti kata umpatan yang diucapkan oleh tokoh kulit hitam dan kulit putih dalam film 12 Years a Slave dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Film ini berdasarkan kisah nyata Solomon Northup dalam 12 tahunnya menjadi budak di abad ke-19 ketika masa perbudakan terjadi di Amerika. Dia adalah seorang pria merdeka keturunan Afrika-Amerika yang diculik dan dijual ke dalam perbudakan. Dia dan budak yang lain yang semuanya adalah orang kulit hitam mendapatkan perlakuan kejam dari tuan mereka atau orang kulit putih melalui kekerasan fisik dan hinaan seperti memaki mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kata-kata umpatan yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam film, khususnya orang kulit putih dan kulit hitam. Studi ini akan membahas kata-kata umpatan dan etnisitas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe kata-kata umpatan dan tujuan penutur mengucapkan kata-kata umpatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi sebagai metode karena sumber data berasal dari film dan naskah film. Subjek penelitian ini adalah dialog dalam film yang mengandung kata-kata umpatan. Instrumen utama untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisa data adalah penulis sendiri, sedangkan instrumen yang kedua adalah lembar data. Beberapa buku yang relevan seperti sosiolinguistik, psikolinguistik, dan sejarah digunakan sebagai referensi untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tipe-tipe kata- kata umpatan dalam film ini mencakup 3 tipe, yaitu nama julukan, istilah religius, dan kata cabul. Dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa tokoh kulit putih lebih sering mengucapkan kata umpatan daripada tokoh kulit hitam. Umpatan bersifat religius adalah tipe yang paling dominan digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh di dalam film, terutama tokoh kulit putih. Selain itu, tokoh kulit putih dan hitam memiliki tujuan yang berbeda yaitu untuk menarik perhatian, untuk mendiskereditkan orang lain, untuk memprovokasi, untuk menciptakan identifikasi pribadi, dan untuk menyediakan katarsis. Tujuan yang paling umum dari mengumpat adalah untuk mendiskreditkan orang yang sering digunakan oleh tokoh kulit putih dalam film. Akan tetapi, tujuan mengumpat untuk tokoh kulit hitam di dalam film adalah menarik perhatian. Kata kunci: swear words, characters, ethnicity, 12 Years a Slave viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All beautiful words and praise go to my God Almighty, Jesus Christ for His mercies and blessings that always enlighten and guide my way in writing this thesis. His Guidance enables me to finish my study. I would like to thank my thesis advisor Drs. Y.B. Gunawan, M.A. for sharing his idea and knowledge. I thank him for always giving me suggestions when I got confused in writing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to all of the lecturers and staffs of the English Education Study Program for all their help and guidance during my study at this university. I would express my sincere gratitude to my beloved parents Sugeng and Sujiati, for giving me a chance to attend this university. Their everlasting love and sacrifice are really meaningful. Besides, their motivation and prayer always accompany me in passing this journey of my life. My gratitude also goes to my great brothers and sisters, David Kristianto, Daniel Febrianto, Rabbany Hylmi, Nunik Natalia, and Ani Kristianti for their supports and motivations to work harder in finishing this work. My family is the biggest energy source in my life. They are truly blessings for me. I would like to give my countless gratitude to my wonderful friends, Tri Nur Utami, Ervyna Dewi, Tommy P. Nugroho, Tyara Dewi, Veronica, Ochi, Elsa, Dini, Ryna Astuti, Kim Uyun, and Rosi who always help me and listen to my stories. My gratefulness also goes to PBI E 2012 Family, PPL Ceria, KKN 39, and Thunderbolt English Course for the beautiful moments when studying ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI at Sanata Dharma University. The last but not least, I really thank everyone who helped me directly and indirectly in completing this work. Their presence in my life gives me strength to face all of the obstacles I found. Triolinda Esterika x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................
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  • A Study of Swearing in Shakespeare's Hamlet Asst.Lecturer.Saadiya

    A Study of Swearing in Shakespeare's Hamlet Asst.Lecturer.Saadiya

    A Study of Swearing in Shakespeare's Hamlet Set by Asst.Lecturer.Saadiya Wudaa Al-Quraishy University of Al-Qadissiya College of Education 2008 Abstract Swearing is part of everyday language use .This phenomenon is related originally to profanity or bad language . It is the use of taboo language to express certain emotions such as fear, anger, frustration, contempt, hatred…etc. to listeners. As a way of expressing emotions, the meanings of the swearwords, are not to be taken literally but as connotative: (1) Piss off ! (insulting request which means 'go away'). (2) Kiss my arsehole.(violent rejection to something). Swearwords can be related to different sources: religious terms (e.g. God damn it, go to hell), terms related to excrements or the organs that produce them (e.g. shit, buttocks), and terms that are related to sex and genitals(e.g. cunt, cuckold). The study examines the linguistic, semantic, and psychological aspects of this phenomenon. It covers different linguistic categories of swearwords, such as their being nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and interjections. They are used to issue different types of swearing: abusive ,cathartic, social, emphatic and blasphemous. Finally, the study limits itself to analyzing this phenomenon in selected texts taken from Shakespeare's Hamlet. 1.1. Swearing Andersson and Trudgill (1992:53) admit that swearing might (a) refer to something taboo in a given culture ,(b) be interpreted non-literally and (c)be used to express strong emotions and attitudes. Bousfield and Clupeper (2008:5 ) similarly show that swearing is the use of taboo language with the purpose of expressing the speaker's emotional state and communicating that information to listeners.