Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in Ted 2 Movie

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

SWEAR WORDS UTTERED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TED 2 MOVIE

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Rebecca Puspa Crysmasari Student Number: 141214116

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THIS THESIS IS DEDICATED TO MYSELF

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ABSTRACT

Crysmasari, Rebecca Puspa. (2018). Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in TED 2 Movie. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.

Swear words can be found in the mass media communication, such as magazines and movies. Swear words can be regarded as positive or negative terms. People tend to use swear words to express their certain emotions. Thus, the researcher is interested in analyzing swear words which are uttered by the main characters in a movie. This study aims to analyze swear words used by the main characters in TED 2 movie. There are two questions formulated in this research. The research questions are 1) How do Ted and John use swear words in TED 2 movie? 2) What are the motives behind the swear words uttered by Ted and John in TED 2 movie? This research was a qualitative research. The researcher applied the discourse analysis. The data used in this research were in spoken languages in the form of dialogues transcription of TED 2 movie. The first step was choosing the dialogues containing swear words used by the main characters. The second step was classifying the swear words into the use of swear words and the motives of swearing. The findings showed that there were five uses of swear words uttered by the main characters in the movie. They were descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words. There were three motives appeared in the movie, namely psychological motives, social motives, and linguistic motives. The findings also showed that there was a relation between the use of swear words and the motives of swearing.

Keywords: swear words, TED 2 movie, discourse analysis

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ABSTRAK

Crysmasari, Rebecca Puspa. (2018). Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in TED 2 Movie. Yogyakart a: English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.

Kata-kata makian dapat ditemukan dalam media massa seperti majalah dan film. Kata-kata makian dapat diannggap sebagai hal yang positif atau negatif. Orang cenderung menggunakan kata-kata makian untuk mengekspresikan emosi tertentu mereka. Dengan demikian, peneliti tertarik untuk menganalisis penggunaan kata-kata makian yang diucapkan oleh karakter utama dalam sebuah film. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kata-kata makian yang digunakan oleh karakter utama dalam film TED 2. Ada dua pertanyaan yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini. Pertanyaan penelitian tersebut 1) Bagaimana Ted dan John menggunakan kata-kata umpatan dalam film TED 2? 2) Apa motif dibalik kata-kata makian yang diucapkan oleh Ted dan John dalam film TED 2? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Peneliti menerapkan analisis wacana. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah transkripsi dialog dari film TED 2. Langkah pertama adalah memilih dialog yang berisi kata-kata makian yang digunakan oleh karakter utama. Langkah kedua adalah mengklasifikasikan kata-kata makian ke dalam cara penggunaan dan motif dari memaki tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada lima jenis kata-kata makian yang digunakan oleh pemain utama. Kata-kata makian tersebut bersifat deskriptif, kasar, idiom, tegas, dan katarsis. Ada tiga motif yang muncul dalam film tersebut yaitu motif psikologis, motif sosial, dan motif linguistik. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara cara penggunaan kata makian dan motif memaki.

Kata kunci: swear words, TED 2 movie, discourse analysis

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

All of my praise goes to Jesus Christ. Through His blessing and grace I could finish this thesis in His time. His guidance enlights me up to everything I have been through. I would also like to thank Him for giving me the perfect parents Ignatius Sudarmadi and Hiltrudis Nani Crys Countryni (✞). They have been the great supporters in my life. Their prayers and sacrifices really help me through this journey of my life. I thank my beloved sister Victoria Bunga

Pandu Crysmawati and her husband Ezra Mahendra Sakti for giving me support to finish my study.

I express my gratitude to my thesis advisor Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed.,

Ph.D., for all his time, guidance, and feedback in the thesis writing process. My special thanks go to Priyatno Ardi, S.Pd., M.Hum for helping me to validate my research. I also thank all of the lecturers and staff in Sanata Dharma University for their entire lessons and their help during my study in this university.

I am thankful I have wonderful best friends Silvestra Meilita

Tantoroputri, Octana Ayu Prasetyawati, and Bernadeta Yudista Pamela who always listen to my stories and be there when I need them. They have been like a family to me. No matter what, we always come back to each other. I thank them for being the “second home” for me. I am also grateful to have a nice cousin,

Dian Ayuningtyas Puspasari, who always reminds me to finish my study.

I also thank my lovely friends Benedikta Laksita, Intan Paramita,

Nimas Ayu, Geraldine Anindya, Agustine Mahardika, Agnes Krismalita,

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Clara Dipta, Margaretha Finna, Ardi Ardian, Evan Yulian and Dominik

Formanowicz for motivating me. They have been good listeners for me. I also thank my great dogs Alpo and Cimol for being there to cheer me up every time I feel down. I thank all of my partners in PBI class C for spending moment together for four years. At last, I thank everyone who already helped and supported me during my thesis writing process. May Jesus bless them.

Rebecca Puspa Crysmasari

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE...... i APPROVAL PAGES...... ii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...... v PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ...... vi ABSTRACT...... vii ABSTRAK ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS...... xi FIGURE...... xiii TABLE ...... xiv APPENDIX...... xv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Research Background...... 1 B. Research Questions ...... 4 C. Research Significance ...... 4 D. Definition of Terms...... 5

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW...... 7 A. Theoretical Description...... 7 1. Taboo Words ...... 7 2. Swear Words ...... 10 3. The Use of Swear Words...... 13 4. Motives of Swearing ...... 17 5. TED 2 Synopsis ...... 19 B. Theoretical Framework ...... 20

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ...... 23 A. Research Method...... 23

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B. Research Setting...... 24 C. Source of Data...... 24 D. Data Gathering Technique ...... 25 E. Data Analysis Technique ...... 26

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ...... 28 A. The Use of Swear Words in TED 2 Movie ...... 28 B. Motives of Swearing in TED 2 Movie ...... 35

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 42 A. Conclusions...... 42 B. Implications...... 43 C. Recommendations...... 44 REFERENCES ...... 45 APPENDIX...... 48

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FIGURE

Figure Page

2.1 Diagram of Theoretical Framework...... 22

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TABLE

Table Page

3.1 Classification Table of Swear Words Uttered in TED 2 Movie ...... 26

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APPENDIX

Appendix Page

The List of Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in TED 2 Movie...... 48

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter introduces the background of the research. The researcher divides this chapter into four parts, namely research background, research questions, research significance, and definition of terms. The research background presents the reason behind this research. The research questions provide the questions that will be discussed in this research. The research significance is written to identify the advantages of this research. The last is the definition of terms. It defines the terms which are frequently used in this research.

A. Research Background

Humans are seen to have been applying swear words since the language has appeared (Vingerhoets, Bylsma, & Vlam, 2013). People tend to use taboo words or swear words to express certain feelings or attitudes. This statement is supported by Jay (2000), he claims that swear words are part of linguistics which are used by the people to express their emotions. According to Allan and Burridge

(2006), taboo words must be avoided because they can disturb politeness, manners, and culture’s value. Taboo words are used to express certain feelings such as sadness, disappointment, anger, and frustration. In conclusion, taboo words are bad and inappropriate languages. Therefore, they should be avoided in every day communication.

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Some people swear in some situations. Mohr (2013) claims that many people often use taboo words to swear in some situations. She says that swear words are thought to have solid and a tough contact to the things they substitute.

She also states that people choose swear words because they have deeper meaning about something they want to say. Jay and Janschewitz (2008) state that swearing can be polite or impolite. Although swear words are impolite, they have become people’s lifestyle nowadays. Mohr (2013) declares that people are familiar with swear words in the beginning of twentieth-century. Even though they are impolite, when people swear or curse they can reduce their stress or relieve the pain. It is supported by the psychologist, Richard Stephens (2011). He advises people to utter swear words when they are in pain.

There are different points of view for someone who uses swear words in their daily communication. Cursing can change the way we view others and yourself as it is part of language (Jay, 2000). For instance “I lost that appointment because of that fucking girl” the word fucking is used to emphasize anger because of someone’s causes. Someone who speaks swear words in their communication are perceived by others to be impolite. Indeed, someone who says swear words to express their anger is regarded to be impolite (Jay and Janschewitz, 2008). In the opposite, when someone says “Damn you are beautiful.” It means the word damn is used to intensify the feeling of amazement. As Jay (2000) states that swearing can be used to express emotions such as happiness and surprise. He says, whoever speaks with the swear words, they must have their own purposes. Mohr (2013) sums up that people have used and will use swear words in their life. She says the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

3 society needs its good and bad languages. There must be a reason that people utter such offensive words as a reflection of their internal emotional concern. This consideration has come to the researcher’s attention since the swear words can play different roles of functions.

Some people have been comfortable with swear words since the beginning of twenty-first century (Mohr, 2013). Nowadays, swear words can be found in a daily communication and also in the mass media communication such as magazine, newspaper, gadget, and movie (Puspitasari, 2017). The researcher chose TED 2 movie to be the object of this study. As mentioned by IMDb website, TED 2 is an American comedy movie released in 2015. The movie is written and directed by Seth MacFarlane. There are four reasons why TED 2 movie is interesting to be analyzed. First, the movie contains rich data source to learn about impoliteness. It is excellent for English learners who study impoliteness especially swear words. Second, this movie has good moral values.

The story tells us about compassion and friendship. Third, this movie also won 3 awards in 2015 as Best Comedy, Best Comedy TV Spot, and Best Comedy Poster by Golden Trailer Awards. Fourth, the movie is chosen because it represents the real life condition. The English learners can see how the native people talk in a real life through the movie, so they can learn about how English is used naturally.

This statement is supported by Dobao (2006), she states the use of swearing in the media is to create natural circumstances and to make the characters talk like real people do in life. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

B. Research Questions

The questions of this research are stated below:

1. How do Ted and John use swear words in TED 2 movie?

2. What are the motives behind the swear words uttered by Ted and John in TED

2 movie?

C. Research Significance

The benefits of this study are presented below:

1. English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) Students

This study is expected to give some contributions for ELESP students. It

gives more knowledge for the students who take sociolinguistics course. This

study can be used as reference to learn about language features. The students can

learn about the impoliteness in the English language. They can get more

information about sociolinguistics especially about taboo and swear words.

Moreover, the students will know how to use the language particularly taboo or

swear words in a daily conversation wisely.

2. Future Researchers

This study can be the additional reference for future researchers who are

interested in a study about swear words. The future researchers can gather

information about taboo or swear words from this research. The future

researchers can also compare this study with their study in analyzing the swear

words. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

D. Definition of Terms

There are some terms which are used in this research. The researcher

provides some definitions which are frequently used to understand this research.

1. Swear Words

Jay (2000) states that swear word is “linguistic forms of how people show

their emotions such as anger, surprise, frustration, etc.” (p.93). Swear words are

not only to express anger but also to express other feelings such as happiness

(Scherer & Sagarin, 2006). Mohr (2013) also says that swear words are thought

to have a solid and a tough contact to the things they substitute. There are

different aspects in seeing swear words (Jay, 2000). To sum up, swear words can

be seen from a different perspective and are used to express emotions.

2. TED 2 Movie

From IMDb website TED 2 is a Box Office American comedy movie released in 2015 in USA. The movie is a sequel to TED in 2012. It is distributed by the Universal Pictures. The movie was written and directed by Seth

MacFarlane. The movie is starring Mark Wahlberg as John, MacFarlane as Ted’s voice, and Amanda Seyfried as Samantha.

3. Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis is used to analyze the swear words uttered in TED 2 movie. Discourse analysis focuses on the relation between the languages and their meanings (Ary et al,. 2006). Discourse analysis is the method to examine how the people interpret what someone says and in what circumstances they are in

(Paltridge, 2006). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Discourse analysis examines the views of languages. Paltidge (2006) also says that discourse analysis presents the different views and understanding of languages. He says that discourse analysis investigates both spoken and written texts. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter contains two parts. The first part is theoretical description.

The first part covers the description of taboo words, the description of swear words, the use of swear words, and the motives of swearing. This part also describes the story of TED 2 movie as the object of this study. The second is theoretical framework. The researcher elaborates the theories used in this study to answer each point in the research questions.

A. Theoretical Description

This part provides the theories which are used as the guidance in this research. Taboo words are described in general. Swear words are discussed by the definition, the use of swear words, and the motives of swearing. The last is the synopsis of TED 2 movie.

1. Taboo Words

There are several definitions of taboo words. Allan and Burridge (2006) state taboo in English is a derivation from the word tabu in Tongan. According to

Radcliffe-Brown (1939) the word taboo in Polynesia means ‘to forbid’,

‘forbidden’, and ‘prohibited.’ Allan and Burridge (2006) say taboo itself comes from a social restriction which brings about uneasiness, injury, and harm. Trudgill

(2000) also defines that taboo words are prohibited or perceived as immoral and

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8 irrational words. He also adds taboo is connected to the people’s behavior. It is also associated with things which are not supposed to be said.

According to Fairman (2009), each society has both taboo acts and taboo words. Taboo acts are linked to forbidden actions and taboo words are related to something which cannot be said. Thus, any words which are linked to taboo acts will become taboo words. Taboo words are violent words which cannot be used in a day-to-day conversation. They can be considered as negative things for the individual who hears them.

Taboo words give an intense response to the listeners. Taboo words can result a certain impact to the listeners as they can cause an intense bad or good response and depend on other factors as well (Finn, 2017). She says that taboo words can hurt other people’s feelings whether in spoken or written languages.

Allan and Burridge (2006) state that taboo words are something which must be avoided because they can disturb politeness, manners, and culture’s value. They say that taboo words can certainly give bad effects to the listeners. Jay (2000) finds that taboo words used in certain situations can hurt the individuals. He says that parents restrict their children to say taboo terms such as words of body parts

(dick), body processes (piss), and sex (screw).

Wardhaugh (2006) describes taboo as forbidden and is thought to be dangerous in any society of manners. It would cause them anxiety, embarrassment, or dishonor. Taboo is tough politeness restrictions. So far as language is concerned, certain stuffs are not to be said and can be mentioned only in certain conditions. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Taboo words in some situations can lead to the misunderstanding.

Wardhaugh (2006) emphasizes that taboo words can bring a social harassment and create a misunderstanding. He states that a society has their different knowledge and behavior so it can create a different meaning in the conversation.

Besides, the misunderstanding of taboo words can cause hatred between people because they are believed to be harmful. Diez (2013), as cited in Anggita (2015), asserts that some people assumes taboo words having foul meaning and to be prevented. Mbaya (2002), another linguist, also adds that taboo words should be avoided since they have harsh contents such as lack of morality. Trudgill (1983) says taboo is associated with words which are not said and used in particular.

Two-thirds of swearing data have been correlated to expressions of anger and frustration, such as through sexual harassment, violation, and hate speech (Jay,

2009). Therefore, taboo words cannot be used since they have rude and inappropriate contents.

In conclusion, taboo words can give a certain impact to the individuals.

Finn (2017) states that taboo words are negative words to be used in front of public. She says that taboo words result a certain impact to the listeners. They can cause social and sexual harassment, misunderstanding, and hatred (Wardhaugh,

2006). Otherwise, taboo words can also be used for nice purposes. Taboo words can be used for nice intention, such as humor and group slang (Trudgill, 1983).

Even though taboo words are forbidden if they are seen from the negative aspects, they still have positive purposes (Stephens, 2011). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. Swear Words

Swear words are related to taboo words. Stapleton (2010) says that swearing involves the use of taboo words which are restricted in linguistic extent

(as cited in Vingerhoets, Bylsma, & Vlam, 2013). The use of taboo words in swearing adds some pressure to the utterance (Shakiba, 2014). She states whether swearing is forbidden, swearing is used to bold the message uttered by the speaker. Through the emphasis, people will get other’s attention. Swear words can also be used to express good emotions such as joy and excitement. As cited in

Finn (2017, p.18) “swearing, a linguistic universal, is used to express intense emotions (fear, joy, anger, excitement)” (Jay, 2009; Pinker, 2008; Vingerhoets,

2013). They say that the most of swear words are thought to show anger or fear.

Swear words contain offensive languages. Mohr (2013, p.13) points out

“swear words are offensive, they are vulgar, and they can certainly be overused.”

She also summarizes that swear words are powerful because they are used to show a positive or a negative feeling. Swear words are used to express the speaker’s feeling. The speakers apply swear words in their speech when they want to show their emotional expressions to the certain situations around them (Aryani,

2016). It is supported by Jay and Janshewitz (2008), who sum up the use of swear words in the language is to express the speaker’s emotional condition to the listeners. These studies of swearing in linguistic form have come to the criteria by

Ljung (2011, p. 4):

1. Swearing is the use of utterances containing taboo words.

2. The taboo words are used with non-literal meaning. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

3. Many utterances that constitute swearing are subject to severe lexical, phrasal and syntactic constraints which suggest that most swearing qualifies as formulaic language.

4. Swearing is emotive language: its main function is to reflect, or seem to reflect, the speaker’s feelings and attitudes.

As an example of the criteria number 2, consider the use of fuck in its literal and non-literal meaning (McEnery, 2006). This word has two meanings. The meanings are “to have sex” in the literal meaning and “to go away” in the non- literal meaning. Swear words are not always employed in the literal sense. In conclusion, swearing does not refer to the literal meaning of taboo words and to express the speaker’s emotions and behaviors.

According to Jay (2009), both swear words and taboo words are in the same placement because they contain offensive languages. He says that swear words are seen to be offensive, inappropriate, and unacceptable in a certain social context. Swearing is included in the category of cursing (Jay, 2009). He states that cursing itself is emotionally powerful and used to insult people. Even the word

God can be considered as swear words. It is considered as swear word when it is used in a profane, irreverent, or indifferent manner. Allan and Burridge (2006) state that swearing and cursing can be used interchangeably. They contain taboo and offensive words. Swearing which is intended to offend people is seen as a bad manner and functioned as an impoliteness strategy (Culpeper, Bousfield, &

Witchmann, 2003). Swearing in this term is having bad connotations, for instance

“Eat shit and die.” The word shit is the example of usual swear word which is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

12 used in most languages and cultures. It contains unpleasant substances and the form is considered as disgusting. Shit is similar to feces.

Swear words can also be used in an art form. According to Ljung (2011), the good swearers are admired for their skill in swearing and swearing can be considered as an art form. For example, when swear words are used in a certain situation to deliver a message. There is somebody planning to tell a joke with the swear words. It means for the audiences to get the message of the comedian’s speech. Swear words can be used as an art tool and are not considered as a negative thing. Swearing has some positive outcomes according to its context.

Even though swearing is considered bad attitude, undereducated, and also poor in linguistic, some people are still tempted to swear (Ljung, 2011). He also says that people still swear because it has positive effects. Trudgill and Andersson

(1990) claim that swearing gets a higher rate in versatility (as cited in Trudgill,

2000). It can be said that people who swear have cleverness of using swear words.

Pinker (2008) points out that swearing can bring powerful emotion and be used in some particular conditions with different functions. The example is the word fuck, it mostly appears when people curse or swear. The functions play differently including the rate of manner. This word can be linked to solidarity (in a positive side) as in establishing friendship. Stephens and Umland (2011) claim that swearing is also to reduce the pain. Stephens (2011) finds the subjects in his research who swear continuously can hold the ice seconds longer than they who do not swear continuously. In addition, he also advises people to utter swear words when they are in pain (as cited in Mohr, 2013). The researcher concludes PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

13 that swearing has some positive sides such as in solidarity, in an art form, in expressing the joyful feelings, and in reducing the pain.

3. The Use of Swear Words

In this study, the researcher only elaborates the use of swear words according to Pinker’s (2008) theory. In his book entitled The Stuff of Thought:

Language as a Window to Human Nature, there are five ways of swearing, namely descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words. Here are the descriptions of each use of swear words: a. Descriptive Swear Words

Descriptive swear words are used in their literal meaning. Giora (1997) says descriptive swearing means using the taboo words refers to their real or literal meaning (as cited in Puspitasari, 2017). Thus, descriptive swear words are uttered without additional derivation of their literal meaning. There are two choices in descriptive swear words. Pinker (2008) states in his book, euphemisms and dysphemisms in taboo concepts are changed quickly. Polite words which are acceptable to help someone convey bad things in an appropriate way are called euphemisms. He also states that euphemisms are used to say something without evoking unpleasant emotions, for example using the word feces rather than shit.

The speaker usually utters this kind of word in medical or scientific purposes. It is more acceptable for the listener. The speaker wants to assure the listener that the speaker respects that. The opposite of euphemisms is dysphemisms.

Dysphemisms in swearing context are used to convey the real meaning of what PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

14 we want to say. “Let’s fuck” in dysphemisms directly describes its literal meaning which is “to have sex”. As a conclusion, descriptive swear words are taboo words which directly uttered in their literal meaning. b. Abusive Swear Words

Abusive swear words are used to offend people. According to (Finn,

2017), abusive swear words which are used to humiliate other people are always

judged to be harsh. Abusive swear words are the opposite of expletive swear

words. These swear words are usually used to express the anger of the speaker.

The aim is to insult and offend other people. Abusive swear words can also be

expressed in a metaphor, for example, “You dress like a slut!” They can also be

expressed in an advice, for example, “Why don’t you fuck yourself?”

Jay (2000) notes that taboo words or swear words might be offensive since

the speakers have emotionally reason and it also affects the listeners emotionally.

For example, when someone is angry or having a bad argument with other

people, he or she will directly say “You are being a real bitch!” as an accusation.

This utterance is directly spoken to the listener as one of expressing emotional

feelings. The purpose of this kind of swearing is to bully someone or to gain

power (Pinker, 2008). c. Idiomatic Swear Words

Some people can use idioms in their utterance. It is suppported by

Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (1998), they say that some people use idioms to express something with obvious phrases.“Taboo status itself gives a word an emotional zing, regardless of its actual referent. This gives rise to the countless PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

15 idioms that incorporate taboo terms,” states Pinker (2008, p.223). Idiomatic swearing is uttered to grab the attention and the interest of the listeners in order to show the emotional spirit of the speaker. It is used without referring to the matter.

There are also some idioms which are found having a metaphorical expression and make a new meaning (Puspitasari, 2017).

According to Ljung (2011), this new meaning comes from combining two words without adding the literal meaning, for example “You better get your ass out of here or I will call the home office”. In other words the speaker asks someone to leave immediately, in a rough way. Another example in using idiom is

“I am fucked up” or “I am screwed up” as its synonym. The phrase fucked up means that the speaker is under pressure. “The most likely interpretation of idiomatic in this context, swearing of this kind uses idioms, viz. groups of words whose meanings cannot be deduced from the meanings of the individual words as for instance in fucked up means destroyed” as in Ljung (2011, p. 26). There are mixed words and those words cannot be translated from each word because they have spatial meaning in those two-word combination. d. Emphatic Swear Words

Emphatic swear words are often spoken to stress something. The words like fucking and bloody are often used in a daily speech to emphasize the utterance

(Pinker, 2008). For example, “That was fucking awesome!” is less offensive of using taboo words in swearing. The fucking word in the previous example is an adverb to the word awesome and to emphasize the exclamation. It is an adverb because the word fucking modifies an adjective. Emphatic swearing is used to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

16 express if someone is doing fine, to give intensifiers in an utterance, in picturing an event or a person in plus or minus way (Jay et al., 2008). Ljung (2011) notes that emphatic swearing presents as a slot-filler in the utterance. The slot-filler can indicate the speaker’s dislike, for instance “He is a bloody fool!” He also defines that swear words add emphasis on a following noun as in “I need a glass of water, not a bloody bathtub!” e. Cathartic Swear Words

Cathartic swear words are used to state certain emotions in some certain situations. Pinker (2008) explains that cathartic swear words are used to express the speaker’s emotion towards a certain situation. The speaker uses the expletive swear words to respond. Swear words are emotive (Ljung, 2011). Emotive means to show certain feelings or emotions. Shakiba (2014) states that swearing is often used to communicate the speaker’s attitude. She calls swearing as an emotive language. It does not mean to offend other people. Cathartic swear words are the reflection of the speaker or the user.

Pinker (2008) states “The remaining use of taboo language is cathartic— the blurting out of damn, hell, shit, fuck, or bugger in moments of sudden pain, frustration, or regret. If you ask people why they do it, they will say it releases tension or helps them let off steam.” (p.226). For example, the person says “Oh damn!” in this case, the person is surprised by something. The person does not say it to anyone around him or her. The user only speaks the word damn as a reaction of surprise. Ljung (2011) reviews that swear words can be classified into more than one classification. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

4. Motives of Swearing

In this study the researcher elaborates the motives of swearing according to Andersson’s (1985) theory (as cited in Karlajainen 2002). There are three motives why people swear: a. Psychological Motives

According to Murphy’s Law (as cited in Karlajainen, 2002), everyone has their own worst moment. For example, they get slipped in front of people, they do something funny but no one laughs, or even they get into the wrong train. Some people have everything planned. However, there are still many mistakes. While everyone has their own silly situations, everyone must be reacting to the incident which happens to or around them (Karlajainen, 2002). This is what we call a reflection. In this situation, most people will swear subconsciously to express what they feel. This statement is supported by Andersson (1985), he points out that people who deals with shocking moment will react to the moment by swearing (as cited in Karlajainen, 2002). Some people will swear unexpectedly as their reaction to the moment.

There are two functions in the psychological factors of swearing. Jay

(2000) states two functions of swearing, namely to express emotions and to understand other speakers’ towards their emotional reflections. According to

Lindahl (2008), swearing is expressing emotion with more cathartic feelings.

Uttering offensive words will give a better effect on people’s mind. Therefore, swear words are used to express response of their strong emotions which any word cannot describe. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

18 b. Social Motives

There are two factors which affect people in cursing. Jay (1999) says that social and cultural can affect people in cursing. Swear words are mostly uttered in the society. The society has its own purposes. Karjalainen (2002) notes that swearing is only to mark a social identity, to indicate a social solidarity, to show friendship, to surprise, and to mock. Social motives involves more than one person. In addition, Spolsky (1998) explains that people are likely to show solidarity in their group by applying the same language use (as cited in Rosari,

2016). Andersson (1985) states that swear words are likely to be actual and shocking when they are pronounced in such unexpected situations and places (as cited in Karlajainen, 2002)

Blanchard (1996) shows that children in the hospital start to speak like their friend or older patients in their groups (as cited in Jay, 2000). The children who do not have the cursing habits before, will try to curse once they live long enough in the residence. Swear words usually have their own part in the society.

Swearing in a group is to show its identity and style (Karlajainen, 2002). Crystal

(2000) examines that people will be affected by the group they participate.

Therefore, swearing in a group society is not perceived as negative as long as it is in a friendship or a social circle. c. Linguistic Motives

Ljung (2011) describes swearing is formulaic language. He says that formulaic means swearing utterance is the combination of some words from the memory in the entire time and directly being made in a place. It has lack of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

19 compositionality and fixedness. Karlajainen (2002) notes that people express their emotions with dissimilar words and different grammatical structures. He says that swearing in linguistic motives is rarely happening. Andersson (1985) says in delivering message, people have their freedom to use some words in their vocabulary (as cited in Karlajainen, 2002). He also states the linguistic motives appear only to intensify the utterances which people try to make communication.

Based on these theories, the researcher can say that people put aside the grammatical structure and the literal meaning of the words. People say the different words to swear directly, only to give emphasis to the words. “What a fucking nice rocking chair!” is the same as “What a very nice rocking chair!”

People utter swear words because they only want to emphasize their utterance.

5. TED 2 Synopsis

According to the review from Hollywood Reporter, the story begins with

Ted is getting married with his sexy grocery store co-worker, Tami-Lynn. They start to have problems. Ted suggests Tami-Lynn to have a baby together. It is not an easy thing to do since Ted is not exactly proved to be anatomically correct.

They finally look for a sperm donor and sneak into Tom Brady’s house (famous celebrity). Unfortunately, they cannot get it easily. John volunteers to be the donor for Ted. Tami-Lynn turns out to be infertile. Lynn is also diagnosed to have a damage womb since she was a drugs user. They decide to adopt a child but then the worker forbids them because Ted is confirmed as a property by the American government. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Ted and John hire a beautiful young lawyer, Samantha. The court battle results unwanted ends because they are against the good-shot attorney. They three get a long trip to New York to meet the lawyer Patrick Meighan to help them solve Ted’s problem. Meanwhile, Donny wants to take Ted for his own teddy bear. He is a janitor in teddy bear company in Hasbro. He assures his boss to kidnap and cut Ted in order to know how Ted can live. At first, Meighan refuses to help Ted. Three of them get confused and walk into Comic-Con festival.

During the festival, Ted gets caught by Donny. John fights for his teddy bear best friend. They do not know that they are being recorded by the media. John gets badly injured and is taken to the hospital. Fortunately, Meighan sees the bromance between their friendships. Meighan gladly helps Ted in the court to get a legal agreement of being human.

B. Theoretical Framework

In conclusion, the researcher synthesizes the major theories to answer the two research questions. The theories used to conduct this research are related to taboo words and swear words. The first purpose of this research is to find the use of swear words uttered by Ted and John in Ted 2 movie. The second aim of this research is to investigate the motives of swearing uttered by Ted and John in Ted

2 movie.

In order to answer the first research question in this research, the researcher uses Pinker’s (2008) theory. Pinker (2008) classifies the use of swear words into five ways. They are descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

21 idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words. The descriptive swear words are used to convey something with their literal meaning.

They are not to insult others. The abusive swear words means to humiliate, insult, and offend people. This use of swear words are usually to express anger. The idiomatic swear words are used to grab someone’s interest and attention. They are used without referring to the matter. The emphatic swear words are used to intensify or to give emphasis in an utterance. Mostly, the emphatic swear words are used to picture some happy events. The cathartic swear words are used to express emotional feeling. They are not used to offend people.

The researcher uses the Andersson’s theory (1985) as cited in Karlajainen

(2002) to answer the second research question. There are three motives of swearing. The first one is psychological motives. People swear is only to show their emotions. The second is social motives. People swear is usually affected by the social groups. It is usually to show about friendship. The third is linguistic motives. People swear is only to intensify their utterances. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Taboo Words Swear Words (Allan & Burridge, 2006; Fairman, 2009; Jay, 2000,2009; Radcliffe-Brown ,1939; Trudgill, 2000; Wardhaugh, 2006)

Swear Words

(Culpeper, et al, 2003; Jay, 2009; Ljung, 2011; Mohr, 2013;Vingerhoets, 2013;)

The Use of Swear Words The Motives of Swearing

(Ljung, 2011; Pinker, 2008) (Andersson, 1985)

 Descriptive Swear Words  Psychological Motives  Abusive Swear Words  Social Motives  Idiomatic Swear Words  Lingusitic Motives  Emphatic Swear Words  Cathartic Swear Words

Swear Words in TED 2 Movie

Figure 2.1 Diagram of Theoretical Framework PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher presents the method applied in this study.

The discussion in this chapter includes the research method, research setting, source of data, data gathering technique, and data analysis technique.

A. Research Method

According to Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen (2006), qualitative research results a descriptive written report. It relates with the data in words or pictures rather than numbers. Qualitative research is an approach to study human and social behavior phenomena from the perspective, for instance a culture, a school, a community, a group, or an institution. The goal of qualitative research is to interpret or explain the meaning of events or action in detail. Maxwell (2012) believes the researcher’s goal in a qualitative study is to understand the meaning for the participants, particular context, and phenomena or influences. The researcher was sure in conducting this study with qualitative research because it studies the human and social behavior related to swear words particularly in the context behind the speech. Ary et al. (2006) mention the types of qualitative research such as content analysis, narrative analysis, and discourse analysis.

Discourse analysis was employed as the research method. Discourse analysis focuses on the relation between the languages and their meanings (Ary et al,. 2006). Discourse analysis is the method in linguistic scope to examine the

23 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

24 connection between the language and the context also the relationship between linguistic and non linguistic behavior (Paltridge, 2006). “The relationship between linguistic and non linguistic” means how the people interpret what someone says and in what circumstances they are in. The data of discourse analysis are based on the text, the audio, or the video recording.

Discourse analysis was used to analyze discourse in TED 2 movie. The researcher intended to analyze the meanings of swear words found in TED 2 movie. The analysis was limited to the transcript and the scene in the movie since the data of discourse analysis are based on the text, the audio and the video.

Therefore, discourse analysis was chosen as the appropriate method in this research.

B. Research Setting

This research was conducted from February 2018 to July 2018. The researcher looked for the data on February 2018. The researcher took the data from the movie subtitle entitled TED 2 and downloaded from www.subscene.com.

Besides, the researcher classified the use of swear words and motives of swearing with the theories based on Chapter II.

C. Source of Data

In this study, the data were in the form of dialogues transcription spoken by the main characters in TED 2 movie. The source of the data was the movie and the dialogues transcription by the characters in TED 2 movie. The transcript was PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

25 taken from the Subscene website. It was in the form of movie subtitle. In addition, the researcher checked and named the dialogues according to each character in the

TED 2 movie.

TED 2 is a comedy movie released in 2015. The movie was written and directed by Seth MacFarlane. The story begins with Ted (a dirty-talking teddy bear) marries his hot grocery store co-worker Tami-Lynn, his best friend John cheers them on. In a desperate moment to restore the harmony in Ted’s household, Ted suggests Tami-Lynn to have a baby. It is not an easy option since he is exactly designed as a property in the eyes of the American government.

They try to find a lawyer named Samuel. She is asked to solve Ted’s case, to prove that he is a human, not a property.

D. Data Gathering Technique

There are four steps of collecting the data. First, the researcher watched the

TED 2 movie for 5 times. The researcher watched this movie for several times in purpose to understand the story. Second, the researcher tried to make a list of the swear words uttered by Ted and John in the movie. The list was prepared to make sure the movie contain many swear words, so it would be suitable for this study.

Third, the researcher started to look for the downloadable subtitle in the website.

The researcher downloaded it because the original subtitle could not be separated from the movie. The last is the researcher classified and transferred the selected dialogues containing swear words into the data table. In order to get the final PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

26 result, the researcher classified the data based on the use of swear words and motives of swearing into the table.

Table 3.1 Classification Table of Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in TED 2 Movie

No Dialogue Swear The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing Words

DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

Total

Abbreviations:

DS : Descriptive Swear Words PM : Psychological Motives

ABS : Abusive Swear Words SM : Social Motives

IS : Idiomatic Swear Words LM : Linguistic Motives

ES : Emphatic Swear Words

CS : Cathartic Swear Words

E. Data Analysis Technique

There are four steps in analyzing the data. First of all, the researcher put all the dialogues which contained the swear words uttered by the main characters into the table. The researcher classified the swear words based on Pinker’s (2008) theory, namely descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

27 words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words. This first step answered the first research question. The researcher did the second step to answer the research question number two. The researcher categorized the swear words into each motive using Andersson’s (1985) theory, namely psychological motives, social motives, and linguistic motives. The researcher also provided the explanation to each swear word on the table.

In order to avoid bias, the researcher conducted a validation process of the swear words analysis. The researcher chose the lecturer namely Priyatno Ardi,

S.Pd., M.Hum as the validator. He is one of linguistics experts since he teaches linguistics subjects. There were seven misplacements of the use of swear words and four misplacements of the motives of swearing. The validator also suggested to check whether some words were correctly classified into each swear word.

After the validation process, the researcher fixed and rechecked the data to apply the validator’s suggestion. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter elaborates the findings and discusses the two research questions. The researcher provides this chapter into two parts. The first part discusses the use of swear words found in TED 2 movie. The use of swear words includes descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words. The second part aims to discuss the motives behind the swear words utterances which appeared in TED 2 movie.

The motives are classified into psychological motives, social motives, and linguistic motives.

A. The Use of Swear Words in TED 2 Movie

Based on the findings, there are 149 swear words (see Appendix, p.67) uttered by the main characters, Ted and John, in TED 2 movie. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses the theory from Pinker (2008). There are five uses of swear words, namely descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words. Each of swear word will be explained and followed by the examples of the dialogues from the movie. Each use of swear words will be presented in the chronological order.

28 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

1) Descriptive Swear Words

There are 39 descriptive swear words uttered by Ted and John in TED 2 movie (see Appendix, p.67). The descriptive swear words are taboo words which uttered in their literal meaning. The speaker utters the polite word into its informal or taboo form. The following dialogues are the examples of swearing situation:

1) Ted : No, Tami-Lynn tried to sign up for Obama Care on the internet, but I came back five minutes later, she was looking at black cocks.

Example 1 shows the time when Ted talks to John about his wife, Tami-

Lynn. Ted explains what has been happening when he talks to his wife. Ted uses the term cocks to express his disappointment of his wife looking at the picture.

Cocks here act as a descriptive swear word because the meaning refers to the part of a man’s body. Cocks are the organ of a man body and used for urinating. The word cocks are considered vulgar and taboo.

2) Ted : Arizona State. Hey, how many times you been fucked on a house boat? Samantha : Oh, come on! John : Did you write your dissertation on the collective work of, uh, Red Bull?

This conversation in example 2 happens to the time when Ted, John, and

Samantha talk about Samantha’s university where she graduated. Ted and John mock Sam because she went to Arizona. They ask Sam whether she had sex on the boat. Ted says fucked in the conversation in order to change the literal meaning of having sex. The term fuck in this conversation is an intransitive verb.

3) Ted : You just said F. Scott Fitzgerald. What did Scott Fitzgerald ever do to you? Samantha : No, that’s his first name. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Ted : His name’s fuck Scott Fitzgerald?

This conversation happens to the time when Samantha asks Ted who is the author of The Great Gatsby. Samantha tells Ted that the author is F. Scott

Fitzgerald. Ted does not notice who the author is. Then, Ted asks what Scott

Fitzgerald did to her until she adds the “F” alphabet in the front. He assumes that

“F” stands for Fuck. In this case, the word fuck is used descriptively to express

Ted’s confusion in his question to Samantha.

2) Abusive Swear Words

There are 21 abusive swear words spoken by Ted and John (see Appendix, p.67). Abusive swear words are directly spoken to express anger and emotional feeling towards the addressee. Abusive swear words which are intended to offend people are mostly affected by anger. In addition, Finn (2017) also notes that swear words which are used to insult people are included into abusive swear words.

4) Shep Wild : There’s no need for hostility, Mr. Bennett. John : Why? Nobody here likes you? I saw you eating lunch alone. You’re a loser!

Dialogue 4 is part of the conversation between Shep Wild (the lawyer) and

John at the court. It happens when they have bad argument about Ted. John does not accept that the opponent lawyer says that Ted is a property. The lawyer indirectly states that Ted is a property because John buys Ted at the toy store.

John intends to intimidate Shep Wild through his speech. He is triggered to say offensive word to the lawyer. The word loser is also used to underestimate the lawyer. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

5) John : Woh! Hey, what the hell you do walking around dressed like Star Wars? Obi-Wan : It’s Comic Con, you idiot! We’re going down to the Javits Center. John : Well you’re the idiots, because you three guys would never be walkin’ together!

Conversation number five happens in New York City. Ted, John, and

Samantha are in the car. They arrive at one of the traffic light. John is surprised to see the cosplay of Star Wars characters are walking together. In the conversation,

John is angry because one of the Star Wars cosplay says idiot to him. The term idiot is came out of John’s mouth to fight Obi-Wan back.

6) Ted : Johnny! Tom Jessup: Who the hell are you? John : Get away from him, you bastard! Ted, you okay, buddy?

Conversation number six happens to the time when John finds Ted in the deserted back room in Comic-Con festival. John asks Tom Jessup and Donny to stay away from Ted. He directly says the swear word bastard to offend Tom

Jessup and Donny for kidnapping Ted. John is really angry to them. These reasons make the word bastard is categorized as abusive swear word.

3) Idiomatic Swear Words

The researcher finds 30 idiomatic swear words uttered by Ted and John

(see Appendix, p.67). Ted and John can simply add idioms while they are swearing. They use idioms to express their emotional spirit with the exact phrases

(Fromkin et al., 1998). These are the examples of using swear words with idioms in TED 2 movie:

7) John : Just so you know, I’m totally willing to do it. Ted : Really? You…you’d do that for me? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

John : What? Ted, you’re my best friend. I’d do anything for you. And besides, we just broke into Tom Brady’s house and tried to jerk him off. You’re ready to be a parent.

This conversation between Ted and John happens to the time when Ted is looking for the sperm donor. Ted tries to steal the sperm from a famous actor.

Unfortunately, he cannot make it. Then John tells Ted that he wants to become the donor. He explains to Ted that he will do anything for him. John also assumes that

Ted is ready to become a parent because he tries to do anything to get the donor.

John uses the idiom jerk him off only to get Ted’s attention and give spirit to Ted.

Ted almost gets into desperation so John tries to encourage him and to give the ice- breaking between the situations. The idiom jerk him off in this conversation means to masturbate someone. It cannot be translated by each word because jerk itself means a selfish and ignorant person.

8) John : Why didn’t you just come to me? Ted : What are you talking about? John : For the sperm. Ted : Johnny, you kidding me? You’re the first person I wanted to go. But you’ve just been so bummed out over your divorce lately, that I just, you know, I didn’t want to put you in an awkward position.

Dialogue 8 shows the time when Ted fails to get the donor. Johny offers to become the donor for Ted’s family. Actually, Ted wants to ask Johny earlier but he understands Johny’s feeling after his divorce. Ted says the phrase bummed out as the conversation goes. The idiom bummed out means that Johny is really depressed or disappointed because of the divorce.

9) Judge : Miss Jackson, please control your client or I’ll hold both of you in contempt of court. Ted : No, piss off! Alright? I’m standing up for me and I’m standing up for the homos! We deserve respect! PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The term piss off is used by Ted in the court. He is annoyed by the judge’s speech. He cannot hold his feelings not to say something before. Piss off is usually used to the person who is annoying. Ted is not allowed to say something informal in the court. So, the judge asks Ted’s lawyer to be quiet. Ted says piss off with a high tone to the judge. It means he asks the judge to stay quiet in a rough way while Ted is trying to say something.

4) Emphatic Swear Words

From the analysis, there are 34 emphatic swear words spoken by Ted and

John (see Appendix, p.67). Emphatic swear words are uttered to intensify the utterance, picturing the event in a positive or a negative ways, and as a slot-filler in the utterance. Two examples of emphatic swearing are the following:

10) Ted : Let me see that. This is a nightmare. [Ted meets John in the park and shows him the letter about his marriage to Tami-Lynn] You fucking believe that? John : No. This is insane.

It shows that Ted just gets a letter from the government. The letter is to inform that Ted and Tami-Lynn’s marriage is unrecognized. Ted considers it is a difficult situation. He comes to meet John at the park and shows the letter to him.

While John is reading the letter, Ted asks “You fucking believe that?” The word fucking here does not mean to offend anybody. Pinker (2008) says that the word fucking is often used in daily conversation. Ted only means to give intensifier to his question and as a slot-filler. Ted can also just say “You believe that?” without the word fucking. In other word, there will be no emphasis in his question.

11) Ted : Baby, we’re gonna be fine. Alright? I don’t care what any fucking piece of paper says, you are my wife. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Example 11 is spoken by Ted while he and his wife are in the court. He does not want his wife to be worried by the government’s decision. Ted says the swear word fucking before the phrase “piece of paper.” This example shows that swear word comes before a noun phrase. The word fucking here is an adverb.

12) John : This office is fucking awesome!

This short sentence is uttered by John. He gets surprised by the look of the lawyer’s office, Patrick Meighan. John says the term fucking as he picturing the good event around him. It is used to emphasize the exclamation. Fucking is an adverb of the word “awesome.” The word “awesome” is an adjective. John intends to use fucking only to emphasize his amazement.

5) Cathartic Swear Words

There are 38 cathartic swear words uttered by Ted and John (see

Appendix, p.67). Cathartic swear words are used to release the tension such as surprise, shocked, and frustration. It is not meant to insult or offend people. The following are the examples of the use of swear words cathartically:

13) Ted : You don’t have to dress like Elizabeth Taylor to put a yam in a plastic bag. Tami-Lynn : I am the face of the business, okay? Ted : The face of business? Jesus Christ!

Example 13 shows the time when Ted and his wife are having an argument about the dress his wife bought before. Ted argues that it is not necessary to have an expensive dress to work. Tami-Lynn is only a grocery worker so she does not need to buy an expensive dress. Ted is shocked by his wife’s excuse. He says

Jesus Christ expletively as a reaction of shocked. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

14) John : Holy shit! You? Ted : Yeah! Yeah! We talked about it today. John : Dude, that’s fucking awesome! Congratulations!

As John responds to the announcement, he says Holy shit. In this case,

John utters this word as his response to his surprise. Ted talks about his family which is going to have a baby. John is a bit shocked and amazed because Ted has a fight with his wife before. Suddenly, they choose to have a baby. It makes John says Holy shit expletively or spontaneously towards the situations.

15) Frank : I just got a call from the labor department. I can’t legally keep you on as an employee because I’ve been informed that you’re technically… Ted : Technically not a person. Yeah, Jesus Christ!

Ted is frustrated hearing the news from his senior. He is being fired from the job because he is not legally a person. It is obviously shown when Ted continues Frank’s utterance. After Ted finishes saying “Technically not a person” he reveals his certain feeling. His frustration makes him swear Jesus Christ! cathartically.

B. Motives of Swearing in TED 2 Movie

There are three motives of swearing, namely psychological motives, social motives, and linguistic motives. The researcher uses this theory to discuss the motives why Ted and John swear.

1. Psychological Motives

Ted and John express any of their emotional feelings to something through swearing. These emotional feelings are frustration, anger, shocked, and bliss.

There are 51 psychological motives of swearing found in TED 2 movie (see PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Appendix, p.67). Some examples of psychological motives happen in the movie are presented below:

16) Ted : You know what? This is bullshit! Alright? This court is trying to telling me that I’m not as good as other people. And this is exactly what you’ve been doing to the fags-

Ted is trying to defend himself as a person at the court. This conversation happens when John is being interviewed by Shep Wild (the lawyer for The

Common Wealth of Massachusetts). Shep Wild assumes that John’s parents bought Ted as a property as one might purchase a baseball glove in the store. Ted says the swear words bullshit and fags (faggot) above this situation to show his frustration. He is frustrated by Wild’s statements, showing that Ted does not deserve to be called as a human. These words bullshit and fags are categorized as psychological motives since they express Ted’s emotions.

17) Ted : Yes! My turn, assholes.

This short utterance is spoken when Ted is asked by the judge to be interviewed. Finally, it his turn to be at the front. It makes Ted happy. He is not intended to offend anyone in the court. Ted only says the swear word assholes randomly.

18) Donny : Well you’re a celebrity, I just don’t want you to get mobbed when people recognize you. Ted : Yeah, that’s true. I’ve been mistaken for an Ewok three times today. Alright, let’s do this. Holy shit! Donny!

This conversation happens in New York while there is an event called

Comic-Con. People wear mask or even get dressed like the celebrity in the movie.

Suddenly, Ted meets someone who gets dressed like Raphael from The Teenage

Mutant Ninja Turtles. He asks Ted to take a photo together and to follow him. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Donny, the one who dressed like Raphael, takes Ted into the deserted back room.

When they arrive, Ted is shocked when Donny opens his face mask dressed like

Raphael. Ted is shocked because Donny tries to kidnap and rip him in a half long time ago. Ted does not only feel surprised or shocked, he is also angry as he was told untruths. Therefore, the swear words holy shit belong to psychological motives.

19) John : You piece of shit. Killing a family park wasn’t enough for you, huh? Huh? What are you gonna do now? Donny : You don’t deserve him, John. You never did. You never did!

John gets into the room to save Ted, after Donny ties Ted on the table.

This kidnapping makes John angry. He throws his anger to Donny. John utters the swear words piece of shit to Donny. John thinks that Donny really deserves the words since he is very abusive to the other person. Thus, the swear words belong to psychological motives because they are used to release John’s feeling over the circumstances.

2. Social Motives

The main characters usually swear to show friendship or to show intimacy.

The researcher finds 68 swear words belong to social motives (see Appendix, p.67). Below are some examples of this category.

20) John : You guys at least tried marriage therapy? Ted : Oh, God. Yeah, it was a freaking disaster. Two hundred and fifty dollars and we didn’t learn a Goddamn thing. John : Two-fifty? Dude, that’s ridiculous. I mean, doesn’t your insurance cover that or something?

Dialogue 20 is a conversation between Ted and John. Ted shares his experience about going to a marriage therapy to save his marriage life. It turns out, Ted and his wife only spend their money for nothing. The word freaking is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

38 usually used to replace the word fucking, so it will be less offensive. The words

God, freaking, and Goddamn are only to indicate how close they are. These swear words belong to social motives since they are used to show friendship.

21) Ted : What do you mean what? After hours? Jeez, Johnny, she totally wants to sleep with you! John : I’m not into it. Ted : John, you’ve been saying that for over a year and a half about every chick that throws herself at you. You gotta get back in the game, man!

Dialogue 21 is part of the conversation between Ted and John in early of the movie. This conversation happens after Ted talks about his almost broken marriage. They are at the bar. Suddenly the girl bartender shows up to put her number on the napkin in front of John. She is trying to give the pick up line over

John. John denies her calmly. Ted is thunderstruck with the John’s reaction. For

Ted, John should say yes to the bartender instead of saying no. The swear word

Jeez belongs to social motives because it involves two persons in the conversation and shows intimacy.

22) Ted : Oh, you don’t think this diaper’s gross? John : No. Ted : Alright, here, catch. John : Oh, Teddy! What the fuck?! Holy shit! You motherfucker! Ted : Hashtag, “Shit happens.”

Dialogue 22 is another example of social motives. This conversation between John and Ted happens at the end of the movie. Ted and Tami-Lynn finally have a baby from an adoption. They have to take turn to take care of the baby. When it comes to Ted’s turn, he has to change the baby’s diaper. He feels awful with the smell. He asks John whether it is awful. John answers no.

Surprisingly, Ted throws the baby’s diaper to John and intends to make fun of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

39 him. John reflects to say what the fuck, holy shit, and motherfucker to respond

Ted’s movement. Ted takes a photo of John and uploads it to the social media while saying the swear word shit. All of the swear words in this conversation belong to social motives because Ted and John mock each other to show their friendship.

3. Lingusitic Motives

Linguistic motives appear only to intensify the utterance which the main characters try to make a communication. There are 30 swear words belong to linguistic motives (see Appendix, p.67). The discussion of the examples of this motive is presented as follows.

23) Ted : Not if nobody finds out. Look, look. John, John. We sneak into his house, jerk him off in his sleep and sneak out with the sperm. It’ll be easy. And think how awesome the baby will be. John : It would be a sweet ass fucking baby. Alright, I’ll help you, but we gotta have a game plan.

After Ted decides Tom Brady who will become the sperm donor, he makes a plan to break into Brady’s house. John is willing to help him. As he wants to help, he knows Ted’s plan. John is very sure it will be an amazing baby.

He says “a sweet ass fucking baby.” The words ass and fucking are categorized as linguistic motives because they give emphasis to the word “baby.”

24) John : I mean we get a lawyer. Ted : Oh, my God. Can we do that? John : Hell, yeah! You know what we do? We’ll get a lawyer and we’ll sue the fucking government for your civil rights. Ted : Johnny, that’s a great idea. Hey, hey, maybe we can get one of them Harrison Ford lawyers who gets shot in the head and then turns all retarded and nice and goes “What we’re doing is wrong.” PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Dialogue 24 happens to the time when Ted and John figure out how to get back the civil rights for Ted. John aims to help Ted by hiring a lawyer. John thinks it will clear the case. At first, Ted does not believe it. Therefore, John utters the swear words hell before the word “yeah” and fucking before the word

“government”. These words act as the intensifiers in the utterance. These words also do not refer to John or Ted. This analysis makes the swear words belong to linguistic motives.

25) John : That was really selfish of him. Ted : I know, and after I’ve watched his piece of shit movie like a hundred times. Goddamn it!

Dialogue 25 is another example in linguistic motives. This conversation happens after Ted asks Sam Jones to be the sperm donor. Unfortunately, Sam

Jones denies helping him. Both Ted and John assume he is a selfish person. He regrets seeing his movies. Ted adds idiom swear words piece of shit before the word “movie”. Thus, it is categorized as linguistic motives because it gives the emphasis to the word “movie.”

Based on the findings, research questions number one and number two as formulated in Chapter I have been answered as the following. First, the main characters use descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words when they are swearing.

The descriptive swear words are the most common use of swear words uttered by the main characters (see Appendix, p.67). The main characters often utter swear words in their literal meaning. Second, there are three motives of swearing behind the main characters utterance, namely psychological motives, social motives, and linguistic motives. The most influential motives appear in TED 2 movie are social PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

41 motives (see Appendix, p.67). The main characters mostly utter swear words are influenced by solidarity and friendship. The results shows that the use of swear words and the motives of swearing are related, for example, when Ted is curious about Samantha’s past. He asks “How many times have you been fucked on a boat?” This utterance is used descriptively and it belongs to social motives since it shows the closeness between Ted and Samantha. The result also shows that similar swear words can be classified into more than one type. For example, the swear word fuck can be used descriptively and emphatically in a different or similar conversation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the findings of the research and is presented briefly. This section also provides the implications for language teaching or learning. The recommendations part suggests the future action related to this research.

A. Conclusions

Based on the analysis in Chapter IV, the following findings can be drawn to answer the research questions. The first research question is: How do Ted and

John use swear words in TED 2 movie? Based on the analysis, Ted and John utter swear words in five ways. Those are descriptive swear words, abusive swear words, idiomatic swear words, emphatic swear words, and cathartic swear words.

The main characters mostly utter swear words descriptively. There are 39 descriptive swear words found in the movie. While the use of abusive swear words was less uttered by the main characters in this movie. There are 21 abusive swear words found in the movie. There are 30 idiomatic swear words, 34 emphatic swear words, and 38 cathartic swear words found in the movie. The researcher finds the use of swear words through analyzing the way the main characters uttered swear words and the situation. The uses of swear words are to convey emotions (disappointment, anger, confusion, frustration, and surprised or amazement), to intensify, and to give slot-fillers in the utterance.

42 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The second research question is: What are the motives behind the swear

words uttered by Ted and John in TED 2 movie? Based on the findings, there are

three motives of swearing in Ted and John’s utterance. They are psychological

motives, social motives, and linguistic motives. The most influential motives

appear in TED 2 movie are social motives. It is simply showed that the main

characters uttered swear words are mostly influenced by a social solidarity or a

friendship. On the contrary, the swear words which are influenced by linguistic

motives are less happened in the movie.

B. Implications

The findings of this research can be applied to the scope of the English language teaching and learning. Specifically in one of sociolinguistics branches namely swear words. Champoux (1999) has studied the use of movie as a teaching resource. This statement means the lecturers are able to use the movie as the additional media for teaching about impoliteness in English. The lecturers can ask the students to find an interesting movie to be analyzed. The lecturers and the students can do the discussion and focus on the swear words part. The students can interpret the utterance containing swear words in the movie. Movie tells the students about natural expression and discourse (Butler-Pascoe & Wiburg, 2003).

Forney (2004) also suggests the movie as the significant tool for the students. She says movie gives them the other learning tools beyond the college such as books, lectures, and papers. Therefore, the students are able to know about how the native people naturally speak in their language and to understand their motive. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The students can also learn whether swear words are acceptable. In addition, the students are able to understand the words and their meanings after they interpret the utterances in the movie. Therefore, the students will be able to see swear words from a different perspective based on the context.

C. Recommendations

This research has several limitations. First, the researcher limits the topic of the analysis to the use of swear words and the motives of swearing of the movie. Second, this research aims to initiate the swearing in TED 2 movie as the object of the study. Thus, the researcher proposes the recommendations for the future researchers who are interested in the similar topic.

This research only focuses on analyzing the swear words that appeared in the movie. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the future researchers conduct the research on swear words in the social media such as Twitter or

Instagram. Therefore, it would be more challenging since there are possibilities of finding many types of swear words in those social media. By understanding the meaning of swear words in those social media, it can prevent misunderstanding among people. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

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The List of Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in TED 2 Movie APPENDIX

Appendix The Lis t of Swear Words Uttered by the Main Characters in TED 2 Movie

48 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Abbreviations:

DS : Descriptive Swear Words PM: Psychological Motives

ABS : Abusive Swear Words SM: Social Motives

IS : Idiomatic Swear Words LM: Linguistic Motives

ES : Emphatic Swear Words

CS : Cathartic Swear Words

Legends:

: The Use of Swear Words Mentioned in Chapter IV

: Motives of Swearing of Swearing Mentioned in Chapter IV PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

1. John: Yeah, she wants more than Fucking  √ √ This conversation only just a fucking pizza delivery, huh?  shows the deep Ted: That’s bigger than the  connection between John  average bear, right there, I’ll tell and Ted at the party.  √ you that. Fucked up  √ John: Hey, you know what’s Fucking √ √ fucked up? That’s somebody’s fucking daughter! 2. Ted:. Hey, I’m starving. What the What the hell √ √ √ Ted is angry with his wife hell are you doing over there? because he is really starving. He thinks his wife does not want to cook anything for him. 3. Ted: What do you mean? You Fucking √ √ Ted is really mad at his wear a smock! You’re a fucking wife because she has cashier! spent money on expensive Tami-Lynn: Yeah! So are you! dress. Ted: Yeah, exactly and I’m Shit not…I’m not going out and buying √ √ designer shit! I’m not going into… 4. Ted: People are not…! Nobody is Ass √ √ √ Ted is trying to explain in there to look at your ass. Their why he is mad at Tami- all there to buy… Lynn. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

5. Ted: The face of business? Jesus Jesus Christ √ √ Ted argues about the Christ! dress her wife has bought. 6. Ted: Fine! Fine! Go torture that Asshole √ √ Ted is jealous because her asshole! wife talks about someone else. 7. Ted: Oh, news flash! “Boston Whore √ √ √ Tami-Lynn and Ted yell whore has seen Italian penis.” Penis √ √ at each other after having Tami-Lynn: What the fuck did you an argument. just call me? What did you just fucking call me…? √ Jesus fucking √ Ted: Jesus fucking Christ?! What Christ the fuck?! Fuck Tami-Lynn: Are you gonna call √ √ me a whore?! Ted: You wanna throw shit? Shit √ √ Tami-Lynn: Yeah, I wanna fucking throw shit! Fucking throw Ted: fucking throw shit! I’ll shit √ √ 8. Ted: Oh, for Christ’s sake. You Christ’s sake √ √ Ted replies his neighbor shut the fuck up! Shut the fuck √ √ √ to be quiet in rough way. up PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

9. Ted: I want you to try, asshole! Asshole √ √ Ted and his neighbor are Get your ass up here and kick Get your ass up √ √ √ having bad argument my ass! here √ because Ted is being Kick my ass √ √ noisy with his fight. 10. Ted: Oh, God. Yeah, it was a God √ √ Ted shares his feelings freaking disaster. Two hundred Freaking √ √ about his broken marriage and fifty dollars and we didn’t Goddamn √ √ to John. learn a Goddamn thing.

11. Ted: No, Tami-Lynn tried to sign Black cocks √ √ Ted tells Johny what was up for Obama Care on the internet, his wife looking at in the but I came back five minutes later, internet. It disappoinnts she was looking at black cocks. him.

12. Ted: Oh, my God! Are you God √ √ Ted says these words fucking kidding me? Fucking √ √ while talking about the girl with John.

13. Ted: What do you mean what? Jeez √ √ Ted is curious why John After hours? Jeez, Johnny, she neglects the girl bartender totally wants to sleep with you! who approaches him. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

14. Ted: John, you’ve been saying that This conversation for over a year and a half about happens when they hang every chick that throws herself at out at the bar. Ted is you. You gotta get back in the shocked when John does game, man! not want to be approached √ √ John: No, don’t start this shit. Shit by Allison. Allison is the Alright? Look, I wasted six years bartender there. of my life with the wrong girl and got burned. I’m not gonna make that mistake again. Ted: Jesus, Johnny. You’re not Jesus √ √ √ gonna marry Allison, you’re just Bang √ gonna bang her, and maybe pee a little on her. 15. John: Hey, what the fuck are you Fuck √ √ √ John asks the gay at the doing? Get off me! bathroom to go out. 16. Ted: No. Honest to God, Joy, I God √ √ Ted asks an opinion about don’t know how to fix this. I mean, How the hell √ √ √ his marriage to his friend, how the hell do you take a broken Joy. marriage and make it work again? 17. Ted: No! Look, I’m sorry about Asshole √ √ √ Ted admits that he was that, okay? I’m sorry, I was an being a bad person to his asshole and I didn’t mean it. wife before. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

18. Ted: I fucked her with a pack of Fucked √ √ Ted tries to explain the Freedent. Then I put it back on the incident at the back of the shelf and a senior citizen bought it. store with Tami-Lynn.

19. Ted: We’re a bunch of assholes Bunch of √ √ It happens when Ted is who take up a whole hallway with ssholes singing towards the series our conversation. he watched. 20. John: Holy shit! You? Holy shit √ √ They talk about Ted’s Ted: Yeah! Yeah! We talked about plan in having a baby. it today. John: Dude, that’s fucking Fucking √ √ awesome! Congratulations! awesome

21. John: No, I think he’d be flattered, Fucking √ √ John is amazed because plus your baby would be a fucking superhero Ted has an idea of having superhero! a baby.

22. Ted: Okay, thanks What the fuck?! Fuck √ √ Ted is shocked when he John: Holy shit! Dude, what’s the opens John’s laptop. He matter? What happened? What’s Holy shit √ √ sees many indecent video. going on? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

23. John: What the hell are you doing Hell √ √ √ John yells at Ted because looking at my private shit?! Private shit √ √ he is looking at his laptop. 24. Ted: Jesus Chri- Look at the Jesus Christ √ √ Ted gets surprised organization here: Clockwise rim looking at the name of the job, counter clockwise rim job. video. 25. Ted: You sick bastard! Look at Bastard √ √ √ Ted thinks it is disgusting this! Chicks with dicks?! Dicks √ √ video. 26. Ted: There are no chicks with Dicks √ √ Ted is trying to tell dicks, Johnny! Only guys with Tits √ √ Johnny about the video. tits! 27. John: Alright, alright. Fine, I will. That shit √ √ John tells Ted that he is Just stop looking at that shit, going to delete the videos. please! Ted: Johnny, I mean it! Alright? The next chick you meet you are getting be back in the game. 28. Ted: No, no, no. That shit can That shit √ √ Ted believes it will be always be recovered. We gotta better if they smash the smash your laptop with a hammer. laptop. 29. Ted: I can’t believe it. That son- Son of a bitch √ √ Ted cannot believe that of-a-bitch! Sam Jones does not want to be the sperm donor. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

30. Ted: I know, and after I’ve Piece of shit √ √ Ted is really disappointed watched his piece of shit movie Goddamn √ √ that Jones refuses to be like a hundred times. Goddamn it! the sperm donor.

31. Ted: Not if nobody finds out. Jerk him off √ √ Ted makes a plan to break Look, look. John, We sneak into into Tom Brady’s house. his house, jerk him off in his sleep John also expresses his and sneak out with the sperm. It’ll Sperm √ √ amazement of Ted’s plan. be easy. And think how awesome the baby will be. √ √ John: It would be a sweet ass Sweet ass fucking fucking baby. Alright, I’ll help you, but we gotta have a game plan.

32. John: I just, I need a signature, in John is feeling disguised case I gotta get some parts for the to be an electrician to get building. If you could just write into Tom Brady’s house. that to John and Ted with number twelve. And you’re not a cheater. I Balls √ √ mean, I think your balls are perfect. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

33. John: Take the damn rain gear off, Damn √ √ They are successful to you’re making too much noise. break into Tom Brady’s Ted: Piss off! I don’t wanna get Piss off √ √ house and Ted refuses to any jizz on me. Jizz √ √ put off his rain coat. 34. John: Sweet God and baby Jesus Sweet God √ √ He is surprised after Baby Jesus √ √ opening Brady’s blanket. 35. Ted: Johnny, you kidding me? Bummed out √ √ Ted is going to ask Johny You’re the first person I wanted to to be his wife’s sperm go. But you’ve just been so donor. However, Ted bummed out over your divorce knows that John is still lately, that I just, you know, I broken-hearted over his didn’t want to put you in an divorce. awkward position. 36. John: What? Ted, you’re my best Jerk him off √ √ John explains why Ted friend. I’d do anything for you. are really ready to be a And besides, we just broke into parent. He also wants to Tom Brady’s house and tried to help Ted. jerk him off. You’re ready to be a parent. 37. Ted: You got your hand on your Dick √ √ Ted is curious why John dick. What are you doing? puts his hand inside his John: I’m trying to get it half hard pants. so when I get in there I can just bust it out. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

38. Ted: Excuse me, where’s your non Jerking off √ √ Ted asks where the toilet jerking off bathroom? is. 39. Ted: Oh, no. My friend is, uh, Yanking out √ √ Ted explains why he is in yanking out a sample in one of the the laboratory. rooms. 40. Ted: That’s a good eye, good eye. Cum √ √ Ted is just curious what So, uh…how did you get in to this the Doctor does in his job. line of work? Do you just love cum?

41. Ted: Yeah. I’ll trade you, catch! Holy shit √ √ Ted and John are in the What the…? Holy shit! Oh, God! God √ √ sperm store laboratory. John: What the fuck? That’s Fuck √ √ Ted throws a sperm bottle somebody’s fucking kid! Fucking kid √ √ to Johny. Suddenly, all of Ted: Well it’s not my fault, A- √ Rod! You were supposed to catch A-Rod! √ the sperm bottles are it! spilled. They blame each other. 42. Ted: You hear that, Johnny? Black guy √ √ Turns out, they are You’re covered in rejected black sperm rejected samples. guys sperm. You look like a Kardashian. Fuck √ √ John: Fuck. 43. Ted: Jesus! Jesus √ √ Ted is surprised his wife’s ovary is abnormal. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

44. John: Yeah, what does that even Garbage √ √ John is shocked hearing mean? Like you’re a thing? What Piece of shit √ √ the news that Ted is not like garbage or a piece of shit? officially as a person.

45. Ted: What? Why? I’ve been Busting my ass √ √ Ted defends himself since busting my ass at this job for three he got fired from his job. years.

46. Ted: Technically not a person. Jesus Christ √ √ He is shocked when he is Yeah, Jesus Christ! fired from his job. 47. Ted: Let me see that. This is a Fucking √ √ His marriage is annuled nightmare. You fucking believe because Ted is known as that? a property.

48. Ted: I mean, Tami is the woman I Shit √ √ Ted and John are shocked love. You know, I would have that Ted is announced as a never even have tried to adopt a property. This news dog if I’d known that it was gonna affects the whole life Ted cause me this kind of shit storm. has built. John: This whole thing is complete Bullshit √ √ bullshit. If you ask me, we gotta fight it. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

49. John: Hell, yeah! You know what Hell √ √ John has a plan to solve we do? We’ll get a lawyer and Ted’s case. we’ll sue the fucking government Fucking √ √ for your civil rights.

50. John: Yes. You know, we get out That shit √ √ John plans to get out of there and we stick it to ’em good. Ted’s problem and bring We take that shit all the way up to it to the Judge. Judge Judy if we have to.

51. Ted: Oh, my God! So you’re Sam God √ √ They find a lawyer for L. Jackson! Ted’s case. Lawyer’s John: That’s fucking great, just Fucking great √ √ name is Samantha Leslie like Samuel L. Jackson! Jackson. They are surprised by it.

52. Ted: You ever seen any movie That shit √ √ Ted is amazed by his ever? He’s the black guy. You lawyer because the lawyer know, I’m surprised that a lawyer also has weeds. like you gets high. I mean, aren’t you supposed to be fighting the war on drugs and all that shit? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

53. Ted: No, but I’m pretty sure Mr. T Kick their ass √ √ Samantha, Ted, and John could kick their ass. argue about some actors.

54. John: Well, why are you saying Fuck √ √ John wonders why Sam fuck him? say F. Scott Fitzgerald.

55. Ted: His name’s fuck Scott Fuck √ √ He tries to make sure the Fitzgerald? full name of Scott.

56. John: Hey Sam. Who’s that butt Butt hole √ √ John asks who is the hole over there? lawyer against Ted’s case.

57. Ted: Baby, we’re gonna be fine. Fucking √ √ Ted tries to calm down Alright? I don’t care what any his wife at the court. fucking piece of paper says, you are my wife.

58. Ted: Erection. Erection √ √ Ted intends to say John: Sustained. “objection” but he replaces it. 59. John: Child World Toy Store. You Fucking √ √ John is mad when he is fucking heard me. being asked where did he buy Ted twice. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

60. John: Why? Nobody here likes Loser √ √ John expresses his anger you? I saw you eating lunch alone. to the lawyer who is You’re a loser! interviewing him. 61. Ted: You know what? This is Bullshit √ √ He tries to raise his voice bullshit! Alright? This court is at the court. trying to telling me that I’m not as good as other people. And this is Fags (faggot) √ √ exactly what you’ve been doing to the fags-

62. Ted: No, piss off! Alright? I’m Piss off √ √ He does not want to hear standing up for me and I’m whatever the judge tells standing up for the homos! We him. deserve respect! 63. Ted: Yes! My turn, assholes. Assholes √ √ He is happy. It is his turn to be interviewed at the front. 64. Ted: Aha, motherfucker! Motherfucker √ √ John and Ted fight over the beer. 65. John: fuck, yeah! Fuck √ √ He agrees with Ted to go to comedy show. 66. Ted: Arizona State. Hey, how Fucked √ √ Ted is curious about many times you been fucked on a Samantha’s past. house boat? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

67. John: What a prick. Hey, twenty What a Prick √ √ Ted, Sam, and John bet to bucks I can toss a cookie crisp into toss a cookie crisp. his ass crack. Ass √ √

68. Ted: Oh, Jesus Christ. You gotta Jesus Christ √ √ They regret because John be kidding me. tossed it towards a blind John: Now we’re assholes. Look Assholes √ √ man. what you did.

69. John: Go get my cookie crisp out Ass √ √ He asks to help the blind of his ass. man.

70. Ted: It’s…some women just have Fuck me √ √ He explains the term to “fuck me” eyes. Sam.

71. Ted: Well who cares? Johnny lets Hammered √ √ Ted makes sure Sam that me drive every once in a while he can drive the car when he’s hammered. I’m a Fucking √ √ safely. fucking pro. Besides, you know, I’ve been…I’ve been kicked √ around a lot this week. I just, I Kicked around √ want to feel useful, you know? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

72. Ted: Um, you know, that and the Fucked up √ √ The car is stucked in the trial are the only two things you middle of the barn at the fucked up, so, uh… night. So, they cannot get John: Yeah, I can’t see shit in Shit √ √ out from there. there. We’ll have to wait till tomorrow to get the car out.

73. John: I don’t want to put a big Cock √ √ John refuses the bong class cock in my mouth. which Sam has offered. 74. John: Yeah, see if you can make a Dick √ √ John dares Ted to make non-dick bong. another bong. 75. John: Yeah, that’s so dumb. Dumb √ √ They stay at night at the Ted: Well, I couldn’t’ find any barn and try to find cans but I gotta tell you there’s Shit √ √ something useful for their some awesome shit in that barn. night. Take a look at this, I found a cowboy hat, and a rifle and a guitar.

76. John: Oh, I fucking owe you, you Fucking √ √ John is taking a photo bastard. Bastard √ √ when Ted is using the Ted: What do you mean? I was Messing √ √ bong at the back of the just messing around. around car seat. John: Oh, shut up and suck that dick. Suck √ √ Dick √ √ PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

77. John: Woh! Hey, what the hell Hell √ √ John is shocked seeing you do walking around dressed three of the Star Wars like Star Wars? cosplay walking together.

78. John: Well you’re the idiots, cause Idiots √ √ John is being insulted by you three guys would never be the cosplay. This is why walkin’ together! he swears back.

79. John: This office is fucking Fucking √ √ John is amazed by the awesome. awesome lawyer’s office. Ted: Yeah, totally. Hey, hey, do you ever bring chicks up here?

80. Ted: What do you mean what? I’m Screwed √ √ Ted is mad. He feels like totally screwed here and you’re Johny does not care about sitting there basically banging my Banging √ √ Ted’s case. lawyer and she’s probably still Fucking √ √ √ fucking billing us!

81. Ted: Oh, no, no, you’re right. No, Porking √ √ He explains why he is Johnny, it’s fine. You’re right. It’s mad at Johny. fine, it’s totally fine. I got no job, Shit √ √ no marriage and no life, but you have fun porkin’ Gollum here while I’m left with shit. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

82. Ted: You're a psycho, dude. Psycho √ √ Ted is expelled from a Seriously. You're a psycho. Get certain room. It makes some therapy. Crazy √ √ Ted say something bad to KITT: Get out! Son of a bitch √ √ √ that guy. Ted: Crazy son of a bitch. Jesus Jesus Christ √ Christ.

83. Ted: Yeah, that’s true. I’ve been Holy shit √ √ Ted is surprised. It is mistaken for an Ewok three times Donny behind the today. Alright, let’s do this. Holy Teenage Mutant Ninja shit! Donny! Turtles costume.

84. John: What do you mean? We God’s sakes √ √ Teddy is missing. It have to find him, okay? He’s a frustrating John. John teddy bear on his own in New wants to find him. York for God’s sakes.

85. Tom Jessup: He really is Fucking bitch √ √ Ted is so angry to Tom extraordinary, isn’t he? and Donny. They kidnap Ted: You fucking bitch, this is a Teddy as he walks down kidnapping! the Comic-Con event. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

No. Dialogue Swear Words The Use of Swear Words Motives of Explanation Swearing DS ABS IS ES CS PM SM LM

86. John: Get away from him, you Bastard √ √ John finally finds Ted. He bastard! Ted, you okay, buddy? also swears to Donny. Ted: Oh, Johnny, thank God! God √ √

87. John: You piece of shit. Killing a Piece of shit √ √ √ John states his anger to family park wasn’t enough for you, Donny because he is a huh? Huh?! What are you gonna bad guy. do now?! 88. Ted: Yeah, he saved my ass is Saved my ass √ √ Ted explains to the what he did. lawyer (Meighan) at the John: You know why? Because hospital. John saved his he’s a person. And no matter how Smart ass √ √ life before. John also many you smart ass Harvard defines that Ted is a lawyers try to keep him down, Fuck √ √ person. you’re not gonna change that, not in our eyes. Teddy is real, so you can go fuck yourself.

89. John: Oh, Teddy! What the fuck?! Fuck √ √ They mock each other by Holy shit! You mother fucker! Holy shit √ √ throwing a baby’s diaper. Ted: Hashtag, “Shit happens.” Motherfucker √ √ They show how close Shit √ √ their friendship is.

Total 149 39 21 30 34 38 51 68 30 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI