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Nikome Se Ne Ponovilo – Genocid U Srebrenici I Borba

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Nikome Se Ne Ponovilo – Genocid U Srebrenici I Borba NIKOME SE NE PONOVILO Genocid u Srebrenici i borba protiv zaborava Genocide in Srebrenica and fight against oblivion NEVER AGAIN, TO ANYONE NIKOME SE NE PONOVILO Genocid u Srebrenici i borba protiv zaborava Izdavači Inicijativa mladih za ljudska prava Dobračina 4, 11000 Beograd ForumZFD Srbija Resavska 16a, 11000 Beograd Nezavisno društvo novinara Vojvodine Sutjeska 2, 21000 Novi Sad Urednica Ajla Škrbić Izvršna urednica Ana Pejović Prevodioci Ivana Radović Jelena Dereta Tomislav Brlek Lektura Sandra Zlotrg Ifeta Palić-Kupus Dizajn Ivo Matejin Štampa Izdavanje knjige je podržalo Ministarstvo spolj- Standard 2 nih poslova Savezne Republike Nemačke. Ne- mačka podržava napore u regionu Zapadnog Tiraž Balkana za uspostavljanje participativne kul- 500 ture sećanja, regionalne saradnje i pomirenja. NEVER AGAIN, TO ANYONE Genocide in Srebrenica and fight against oblivion Publishers Youth Initiative for Human Rights Serbia, 4 Dobračina St., 11000 Belgrade ForumZFD Serbia, 16a Resavska St., 11000 Belgrade Independent Journalists’ Association of Vojvodina, 2 Vojvodine Sutjeska St., 21000 Novi Sad Editor Ajla Škrbić Executive editor Ana Pejović Translators Ivana Radović Jelena Dereta Tomislav Brlek Proof reading Sandra Zlotrg Ifeta Palić-Kupus Design Ivo Matejin This publication has been produced with the Printed by support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Standard 2 the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany supports efforts to establish a participatory Number of copies culture of remembrance, regional co-operation 500 and reconciliation in the Western Balkans. SADRŽAJ Riječ urednice 16 PRAVO 21 Genocid u Srebrenici: pravna i moralna analiza Menachem Z. Rosensaft 24 Suočavanje s govorom koji anihilira: poricanje genocida kao oblik nasilja i njegove političke implikacije Roland Moerland 68 Srebrenica, dan poslije: produženi život zločina Lejla Gačanica 92 POLITIKA 113 Zašto nismo... Veran Matić 114 Ka priznavanju genocida u Srebrenici: inicijative i stranputice srpskog društva Nataša Mićić 132 CIVILNI SEKTOR 151 Glasovi preživjelih i institucionalizacija sjećanja Hasan Hasanović, Ann Petrila 152 Negiranje genocida kao državna politika: Sećanje na ratove devedesetih u Srbiji od pada Slobodana Miloševića do danas Jelena Đureinović 172 Srebrenica – opomena čovečanstvu Sonja Biserko 186 UMETNOST 199 Smrt i djevojka Ines Tanović 200 Uloga muzeja u dokumentaciji i prevenciji negiranja genocida Jasminko Halilović 218 Genocid u Srebrenici: "istraga lažnih ljudi, lažne vjere" Andrej Nikolaidis 240 Dva svjedoka Srebrenice: O knjigama Zbijeg Hasana Nuhanovića i Razglednica iz groba Emira Suljagića Almir Bašović 256 SREBRENICA: REMINISCENCIJE SREBRENICA: REMINISCENCES Damir Šagolj 278 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 280 LAW 287 The Srebrenica Genocide: A Legal and Moral Analysis Menachem Z. Rosensaft 288 Dealing with speech that annihilates: The violence of genocide denial and its policy implications Roland Moerland 332 Srebrenica the Day After: Prolonged Life of a Crime Lejla Gačanica 356 POLICY 379 Why Didn’t We… Veran Matić 380 Towards Recognising Srebrenica Genocide: Initiatives and Aberrations of Serbian Society Nataša Mićić 400 CIVIL SOCIETY 421 Voices of Survivors and Institutionalization of Memory Hasan Hasanović, Ann Petrila 422 Genocide Denial as the State Policy: Memory of the 1990s Wars in Serbia since the Fall of Slobodan Milošević Jelena Đureinović 442 Srebrenica Warning to Humanity Sonja Biserko 460 Art 475 Death and a Girl Ines Tanović 476 Role of Museums in Documenting and Preventing Genocide Denial Jasminko Halilović 496 The Srebrenica Genocide: ‘The Inquisition of False People, False Faith’ Andrej Nikolaidis 520 Two Witnesses of Srebrenica: About books The Last Refuge by Hasan Nuhanović and Post- cards from the Grave by Emir Suljagić Almir Bašović 536 Nerazumljivo Undiscernible Vladimir Miladinović 562 FOTOGRAFIJE CRTEŽI SREBRENICA: REMINISCENCIJE Damir Šagolj 278 Nerazumljivo Vladimir Miladinović 562 PHOTOGRAPHS DRAWINGS SREBRENICA: REMINISCENCES Damir Šagolj 278 Undiscernible Vladimir Miladinović 562 AUTORI AUTHORS Bašović, Almir Profesor, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina Professor, University of Sarajevo Faculty of Philosophy, Bosnia and Herzegovina Biserko, Sonja Predsednica Helsinškog odbora za ljudska prava u Srbiji, Republi- ka Srbija President of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, Serbia Đureinović, Jelena Postdoktorandkinja, Univerzitet u Beču, Austrija Postdo- ctoral researcher, University in Vienna, Austria Gačanica, Lejla Nezavisna istraživačica (u oblasti tranzicione pravde), Bosna i Hercegovina Independent researcher (in the area of transitional justice), Bosnia and Herzegovina Halilović, Jasminko Osnivač i direktor Muzeja ratnog djetinjstva, Bosna i Her- cegovina Founder and Director of the War Childhood Museum, Bosnia and Herzegovina Hasanović, Hasan Šef Odjeljenja za usmenu historiju, Memorijalni centar Sre- brenica – Potočari, Bosna i Hercegovina Head of Oral History Department, Sre- brenica Memorial Centre, Bosnia and Herzegovina Matić, Veran Predsednik UO Fonda B92, Republika Srbija President of the Board of Directors of B92 Fund, Serbia Mićić, Nataša Advokatica; predsednica Narodne skupštine Republike Srbije (2001–2004) i poslanica Građanskog saveza Srbije i Liberalno-demokratske partije (2001–2014. i 2016–2020), Republika Srbija Lawyer, President of the National Assembly of Serbia (2001-2004) and MP of the Civic Alliance of Serbia and Liberal Democratic Party (2001-2014 and 2016-2020), Serbia Miladinović, Vladimir Vizuelni umetnik, Republika Srbija Visual artist, Serbia Moerland, Roland Docent kriminologije, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Ma- strihtu, Holandija Assistant Professor of Criminology, Maastricht University Fa- culty of Law, The Netherlands Nikolaidis, Andrej Pisac, Crna Gora Writer, Montenegro Petrila, Ann Profesorka, Fakultet za socijalni rad Univerziteta u Denveru, Ko- lorado, SAD Professor, University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work, Colorado, USA Rosensaft, Z. Menachem Vanredni profesor prava, Cornell Law School, preda- vač na Columbia Law School i glavni savetnik i pomoćni izvršni potpredsednik Svetskog jevrejskog kongresa, SAD Adjunct professor of law at Cornell Law School; instructor-in-law at Columbia Law School; general counsel and associate executive vice president of the World Jewish Congress, US Šagolj, Damir Fotograf; direktor WARM fondacije, Bosna i Hercegovina Pho- tographer; Director, WARM, Bosnia and Herzegovina Tanović, Ines Rediteljka, scenaristkinja i producentkinja, Bosna i Hercegovina Film Director, Screenwriter and Producer, Bosnia and Herzegovina RIJEČ UREDNICE „Težina genocida ogleda se u strogim zahtjevima koji se mora- ju zadovoljiti prije no što se donese osuđujuća presuda za to krivično djelo. Ti zahtjevi – uslov postojanja dokaza posebne namjere i pokazatelja da je cijela grupa, ili njen znatan dio, bila određena za uništenje – čuvaju od opasnosti da se osuda za to krivično djelo izrekne olako. Kada se, međutim, zadovolje ovi uslovi, pravda se ne smije skanjivati da počinjeni zločin nazove njegovim pravim imenom.” (Tužilac protiv Radislava Krstića, Međunarodni krivični sud za bivšu Jugoslaviju, Presuda Žalbenog vijeća, 19.4.2004, IT-98-33-A, ¶ 37) U julu 1995. godine u Srebrenici su snage bosanskih Srba po- činile genocid. Ova je činjenica potvrđena hiljadama stranica sudskih i vansudskih svjedočenja i dokumentacije. Potvrđena je presudama međunarodnih i nacionalnih sudova. Srebrenički genocid je od međunarodne zajednice proglašen najgorim zlo- činom počinjenim na evropskom tlu nakon Drugog svjetskog rata. Istovremeno, ipak, postoje akteri i u Bosni i Hercegovini i u međunarodnoj zajednici koji ovu činjenicu negiraju, oprav- davaju, odbacuju, relativizuju, osporavaju broj i identitet žrtava, preispituju legitimnost i presude sudova te rade na historijskom revizionizmu. Među njima su i osobe visoko pozicionirane u državama nastalim raspadom SFRJ, koje ne samo da ne obe- shrabruju negatorske narative nego ih često i same kreiraju. 17 Takva situacija je posebno prisutna u Bosni i Hercegovini i Srbiji, gdje je prekrajanje historije postalo otvorena državna politika. Ovaj zbornik nastao je kao odgovor na svakodnevne primjere ozbiljnih i sistemskih pokušaja historijskog revizionizma. Struk- turisan je u četiri dijela, koji sa različitih aspekata analiziraju genocid u Srebrenici. Prvi dio podrazumijeva pravnu analizu, odnosno razmatra slič- nosti i razlike između pravnih sistema koji jesu ili nisu krimina- lizovali negiranje genocida, te daje osvrt na uporedne prakse u borbi protiv negiranja i poricanja genocida. Čitanjem radova iz ovog dijela zbornika mogu se, između ostalog, dobiti odgovori na pitanja kao što su: Kakvi su trendovi u ovoj oblasti u različitim jurisdikcijama? i: Postoje li neke prakse koje Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i drugim državama u okruženju, mogu biti uzor u kriminali- zaciji negiranja genocida? U drugom dijelu zbornika objašnjava se i analizira politički kon- tekst u Bosni i Hercegovini i Srbiji kako danas tako i u posljed- njih 25 godina. Ovdje autori i autorice traže uzroke problema koji dovode do nemogućnosti da se (u BiH, ali prvenstveno u Srbiji) zvanično prizna genocid u Srebrenici. Pored toga, autori i autorice u ovom dijelu zbornika pokušavaju, iz perspektive politike i društva u različitim državama regiona, dati rješenja za ovu oblast za naredni period. Treći dio zbornika pokriva aktivnosti civilnog društva: od udru- ženja žrtava, preko različitih nevladinih organizacija – sve do 18 istaknutih
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