Holocaust and Jewish Resistance Teachers' Program Summer 2014
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
What Do Students Know and Understand About the Holocaust? Evidence from English Secondary Schools
CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster, Alice Pettigrew, Andy Pearce, Rebecca Hale Centre for Holocaust Education Centre Adrian Burgess, Paul Salmons, Ruth-Anne Lenga Centre for Holocaust Education What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Cover image: Photo by Olivia Hemingway, 2014 What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster Alice Pettigrew Andy Pearce Rebecca Hale Adrian Burgess Paul Salmons Ruth-Anne Lenga ISBN: 978-0-9933711-0-3 [email protected] British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permissions of the publisher. iii Contents About the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education iv Acknowledgements and authorship iv Glossary v Foreword by Sir Peter Bazalgette vi Foreword by Professor Yehuda Bauer viii Executive summary 1 Part I Introductions 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Methodology 23 Part II Conceptions and encounters 35 3. Collective conceptions of the Holocaust 37 4. Encountering representations of the Holocaust in classrooms and beyond 71 Part III Historical knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust 99 Preface 101 5. Who were the victims? 105 6. -
Antonio Iturbe
THE LIBRAIAN OF AUSCHWITZ IIi ANTONIO ITURBE TRANSLATED BY LILIT ŽEKULIN THWAITES HENRY HOLT AND COM PANY NEW YORK 207-68939_ch00_4P.indd 3 7/26/17 12:58 PM Henry Holt and Company, Publishers since 1866 Henry Holt® is a registered trademark of Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 fiercereads .com Text copyright © 2012 by Antonio Iturbe Translation copyright © 2017 by Lilit Žekulin Thwaites Endpaper images courtesy of the National Archives All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN 978-1-62779-618-7 Our books may be purchased in bulk for promotional, educational, or business use. Please contact your local bookseller or the Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department at (800) 221-7945 ext. 5442 or by e-mail at [email protected]. First published in Spain by Editorial Planeta in 2012 First American edition, 2017 Printed in the United States of America 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 207-68939_ch00_4P.indd 4 7/26/17 12:58 PM Dear reader, I want to tell you how the book you are holding came into being. Some years ago, the Spanish author Antonio Iturbe was searching for someone who could tell him some details about the books on the children’s block in the Auschwitz– Birkenau concentration camp. He received my internet address, and we started exchanging emails. His were short, apol o getic questions and mine long, detailed answers. But then we met in Prague, and for two days I showed him where I grew up and where I played in a sandbox and went to school and the house that we—my parents and I— left forever when we were sent to the Terezín ghetto by the Nazi occupants. -
A Historical Guide to the German Camp in Płaszów 1942–1945
a historical guide to the german camp in płaszów 1942 płaszów in camp german the to guide historical a Ryszard Kotarba A HISTORICAL GUIDE TO THE GERMAN CAMP in płaszów 1942–1945 A map with a visiting route inside – 1945 Ryszard Kotarba A HISTORICAL GUIDE TO THE GERMAN CAMP in płaszów 1942–1945 © Copyright by Institute of National Remembrance – Commission of the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, 2014 REVIEVER dr Joanna Lubecka EDITING Rafał Dyrcz TRANSLATION AND PROOFS Kamil Budziarz, Language Link Dorota Plutecka, Language Link PROOFREADING Tytus Ferenc GRAPHIC DESIGN, TYPESETTING AND PRINT Studio Actiff / www.actiff.pl Photos from the collection of the Institute of National Remembrance (1-6, 10, 12-15, 17-27, 29, 31-37, 42-43, 45-46, 48, 52, 55-57, 59), the National Archives in Kraków (7, 9, 11, 16) and Ryszard Kotarba (8, 28, 30, 38-41, 44, 47, 49-51, 53-54, 58). Photo on the cover from the collection of the Institute of National Remembrance. ISBN 978-83-932380-8-8 Foreword In 1939, the Republic of Poland was attacked by Germany (supported by Slovakia) and the Soviet Union. Although France and the UK declared war on Germany, they did not pursue any activities to provide their Polish ally with any real assistance. Despite its total defeat and its entire territory being occupied, Poland did not surrender. Escaping to France and then to the UK, the authorities of the Republic of Poland demonstrated legalism and maintained the continuity of the Polish state. Poland as a state continued to be an actor of international law, and within the Allied bloc, it was the legal representative of all the citizens of the Republic of Poland – regardless of their nationality, religion or political views. -
PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, and the V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ENGINEERING CONSENT: PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, AND THE V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael Brian Petersen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Jeffrey Herf Departmen t of History This dissertation is the story of the German scientists and engineers who developed, tested, and produced the V-2 missile, the world’s first liquid -fueled ballistic missile. It examines the social, political, and cultural roots of the prog ram in the Weimar Republic, the professional world of the Peenemünde missile base, and the results of the specialists’ decision to use concentration camp slave labor to produce the missile. Previous studies of this subject have been the domain of either of sensationalistic journalists or the unabashed admirers of the German missile pioneers. Only rarely have historians ventured into this area of inquiry, fruitfully examining the history of the German missile program from the top down while noting its admi nistrative battles and technical development. However, this work has been done at the expense of a detailed examination of the mid and lower -level employees who formed the backbone of the research and production effort. This work addresses that shortcomi ng by investigating the daily lives of these employees and the social, cultural, and political environment in which they existed. It focuses on the key questions of dedication, motivation, and criminality in the Nazi regime by asking “How did Nazi authori ties in charge of the missile program enlist the support of their employees in their effort?” “How did their work translate into political consent for the regime?” “How did these employees come to view slave labor as a viable option for completing their work?” This study is informed by traditions in European intellectual and social history while borrowing from different methods of sociology and anthropology. -
Photos from the Journey.Pdf (3.471Mb)
Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” University of Warsaw Library 203 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Nowy Swiat (New World) in Warsaw Old meets new 204 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Old Town Warsaw 205 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Old Town Warsaw 206 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” High School Band Concert in a Warsaw Park near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 207 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw 208 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Original Walls of Old Town Warsaw 209 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Lazienki Park in Warsaw 210 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Article about Dabrowski found on wall inside Dabrowski’s “hidden” Institute at Zagorze 211 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) and Professor Malgorzata, Ph.D. 212 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Dr. Tatala and the researcher at the Faculty Dining Room Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) 213 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Majdanek Concentration Camp 214 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Dr. Tatala, the researcher, and Dr. Kuwalek - (historian at Majdanek Concentration Camp) on a tour of the camp 215 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Crematoria at Majdanek Concentration Camp 216 Photo taken by the researcher “journeying in the footsteps of Dabrowski” Entrance to Majdanek Concentration Camp Exit monument that contains the ashes of victims is visible as the small dome on the horizon. -
Supplemental Assets – Lesson 4
Supplemental Assets – Lesson 4 The following resources are from the archives at Yad Vashem and can be used to supplement Lesson 4, The Ghettos, in Echoes and Reflections. The Ghettos In this lesson, you learn about the ghettos established throughout Nazi Europe and study primary sources from the Lodz ghetto in Poland. For more information about the Lodz ghetto, as well as other ghettos established during the Holocaust, click here. In this lesson, you meet Joseph Morton. Here is a Page of Testimony about Zisle Mortkowitz, Joseph’s mother. Key Words • Ghetto • Judenrat • Ressortes • Third Reich Encyclopedia • Bialystok • Biebow, Hans • Bohemia and Moravia, Protectorate of • Deportations • Extermination Camp • Forced Labor • Kovno • Lodz • Rumkowski, Mordechai Chaim • Vilna Historical Background • Cracow Ghetto • Lublin • Theresienstadt • Warsaw Ghetto Photographs • Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Entrance to the Ghetto • Checiny, Poland, Abraham Ring with Members of the Judenrat in the Ghetto • Kovno, Lithuania, Dr. Elchanan Elkes, Head of the Judenrat, in His Office • Kovno, Lithuania - Children on the Street in the Ghetto • Krakow, Poland, On the Bridge Leading to the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Policemen in the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Rumkowski Blessing a Bride and Groom • Lodz, Poland, Street Scene in the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Awaiting Deportation • Lodz, Poland, 1941, Chaim Mordechai Rumkowski with Graduates from the Gymnasium (high school) • Lublin, Poland, Deportation of Jews to the Ghetto • Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, Children Donning -
Volker Mall, Harald Roth, Johannes Kuhn Die Häftlinge Des KZ
Volker Mall, Harald Roth, Johannes Kuhn Die Häftlinge des KZ-Außenlagers Hailfingen/Tailfingen Daten und Porträts aller Häftlinge I A bis K Herrenberg 2020 1 Die Recherchen Die Recherchen von Volker Mall, Harald Roth und Johannes Kuhn dauern nun schon über 15 Jahre. Im Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg fanden sie in den Akten des Hechinger Prozesses das sog. Natzweiler Nummernbuch1. Die dort enthaltene Namensliste der 600 jüdischen Häftlinge stellte die Basis für alle weiteren personenbezogenen Recherchen dar. Weitere wichtige Quellen waren die Totenmeldungen und das Einäscherungsverzeichnis der 99 im Krematorium in Reutlingen eingeäscherten Opfer2 und 269 Häftlingspersonalkarten aus dem Archiv des KZ Stutthof. Alle diese 269 Häftlinge kamen mit dem Transport im Oktober 1944 von Auschwitz nach Stutthof3. Auf 260 dieser Karten ist jeweils die Auschwitznummer angegeben. Außerdem enthielten die bruchstückhaften Listen des Transportes von Auschwitz nach Stutthof4 Namen und Nummern von ca. 160 Häftlingen, die nach Tailfingen kamen. Unter ihnen „zusätzliche“ 64, deren Häftlingspersonalkarten nicht erhalten sind. Von weiteren 40 Häftlingen (v.a. bei den Überlebenden) konnten die Nummern durch andere Quellen erschlossen werden. So konnten mithilfe des Auschwitzkalendariums5 Datum und Herkunft des Transports von über 350 Häftlingen festgestellt werden. Dazu kommen noch etwa 35 Häftlinge, die nachweislich nach Auschwitz kamen, ohne dass ihre Nummer bekannt ist. (In den Transportlisten Dautmergen- Dachau/Allach werden die Häftlinge unter ihrer Natzweiler-Nummer, in den Hailfinger Totenmeldungen unter der Stutthof-Nummer geführt). Danuta Drywa (Stutthof-Archiv) teilte außerdem die Daten von einigen Häftlingen mit (aus dem Einlieferungsbuch Stutthof), die in verschiedenen Transporten aus dem Baltikum nach Stutthof deportiert wurden und von dort aus nach Hailfingen kamen. -
Cultural Life in the Theresienstadt Ghetto- Dr. Margalit Shlain [Posted on Jan 5Th, 2015] People Carry Their Culture with Them W
Cultural Life in the Theresienstadt Ghetto- Dr. Margalit Shlain [posted on Jan 5th, 2015] People carry their culture with them wherever they go. Therefore, when the last Jewish communities in Central Europe were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto (Terezin in Czech), they created a cultural blossoming in the midst of destruction, at their last stop before annihilation. The paradoxical consequence of this cultural flourishing, both in the collective memory of the Holocaust era and, to a certain extent even today, is that of an image of the Theresienstadt ghetto as having had reasonable living conditions, corresponding to the image that the German propaganda machine sought to present. The Theresienstadt ghetto was established in the north-western part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia on November 24, 1941. It was allegedly to be a "Jewish town" for the Protectorate’s Jews, but was in fact a Concentration and Transit Camp, which functioned until its liberation on May 8, 1945. At its peak (September 1942) the ghetto held 58,491 prisoners. Over a period of three and a half years, approximately 158,000 Jews, from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Germany, Austria, Holland, Denmark, Slovakia, and Hungary, as well as evacuees from other concentration camps, were transferred to it. Of these, 88,129 were sent on to their death in the 'East', of whom only 4,134 survived. In Theresienstadt itself 35,409 died from "natural" causes like illness and hunger, and approximately 30,000 inmates were liberated in the ghetto. This ghetto had a special character, as the Germans had intended to turn it into a ghetto for elderly and privileged German Jews, according to Reinhard Heydrich’s announcement at the "Wannsee Conference" which took place on January 20th, 1942 in Berlin. -
Verfolgen Und Aufklären. Die Erste Generation Der Holocaustforschung
Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Gedenk- und Bildungsstätte ISBN: 978-3-86331-467-5 Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz © 2019 Metropol Verlag Ansbacher Str. 70 · D–10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin Inhalt / Content Seite / Page Hans-Christian Jasch, Stephan Lehnstaedt Emanuel Ringelblum von / by Romina Wiegemann 152 Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung – Verfolgung, Aufklärung Jacob Robinson von / by Romina Wiegemann 156 und Erinnerung des Völkermords an den europäischen Juden Massimo Adolfo Vitale von / by Nicole Calian 160 The First Generation of Holocaust Research – Persecution, Elucidation Alfred Wiener von / by Barbara Warnock 164 and Remembrance of the Genocide of the European Jews 6 Simon Wiesenthal von / by Romina Wiegemann 168 Joseph Wulf von / by Till Stumpf 172 Stephan Lehnstaedt Vergessene Forscherinnen / Forgotten Female Researchers 176 Galizien vor dem Holocaust. Minderheitenpolitik und ethnische von / by Nora Huberty Gewalt am Beispiel einer historischen Region Ostmitteleuropas Galicia Before the -
Reflections of Children in Holocaust Art (Essay) Josh Freedman Pnina Rosenberg 98 Shoshana (Poem) 47 the Blue Parakeet (Poem) Reva Sharon Julie N
p r an interdisciplinary journal for holocaust educators • a rothman foundation publication ism • an interdisciplinary journal for holocaust educators AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS E DITORS: DR. KAREN SHAWN, Yeshiva University, NY, NY DR. JEFFREY GLANZ, Yeshiva University, NY, NY EDITORIAL BOARD: DARRYLE CLOTT, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI yeshiva university • azrieli graduate school of jewish education and administration DR. KEREN GOLDFRAD, Bar-Ilan University, Israel BRANA GUREWITSCH, Museum of Jewish Heritage– A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, NY, NY DR. DENNIS KLEIN, Kean University, NJ DR. MARCIA SACHS LiTTELL, School of Graduate Studies, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey DR. ROBERT ROZETT, Yad Vashem DR. DAVID ScHNALL, Yeshiva University, NY, NY DR. WiLLIAM SHULMAN, Director, Association of Holocaust Organizations DR. SAMUEL TOTTEN, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville DR. WiLLIAM YOUNGLOVE, California State University Long Beach ART EDITOR: DR. PNINA ROSENBERG, Ghetto Fighters’ Museum, Western Galilee POETRY EDITOR: DR. CHARLES AdÉS FiSHMAN, Emeritus Distinguished Professor, State University of New York ADVISORY BOARD: STEPHEN FEINBERG, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum DR. HANITA KASS, Educational Consultant DR. YAACOV LOZOWICK, Historian YITZCHAK MAIS, Historian, Museum Consultant GERRY MELNICK, Kean University, NJ RABBI DR. BERNHARD ROSENBERG, Congregation Beth-El, Edison; NJ State Holocaust Commission member MARK SARNA, Second Generation, Real Estate Developer, Attorney DR. DAVID SiLBERKLANG, Yad Vashem SIMCHA STEIN, Ghetto Fighters’ Museum, Western Galilee TERRI WARMBRAND, Kean University, NJ fall 2009 • volume 1, issue 1 DR. BERNARD WEINSTEIN, Kean University, NJ DR. EFRAIM ZuROFF, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Jerusalem AZRIELI GRADUATE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT EDITORS: DR. SHANI BECHHOFER DR. CHAIM FEUERMAN DR. ScOTT GOLDBERG DR. -
The Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial – a Guide to The
PUBLISHED BY Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Jean-Dolidier-Weg 75 21039 Hamburg Phone: +49 40 428131-500 [email protected] www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de EDITED BY Karin Schawe TRANSLATED BY Georg Felix Harsch PHOTOS unless otherwise indicated courtesy We would like to thank the Friends of of the Neuengamme Memorial‘s Archive the Neuengamme Memorial association and Michael Kottmeier for their financial support. Maps on pages 29 and 41: © by M. Teßmer, graphische werkstätten This brochure was produced with feldstraße financial support from the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media GRAPHIC DESIGN BY based on a decision by the Bundestag, Annrika Kiefer, Hamburg the German parliament. The Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial – PRINTED BY A Guide to the Site‘s History and the Memorial Druckerei Siepmann GmbH, Hamburg Hamburg, November 2010 The Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial – A Guide to the Site‘s History and the Memorial The Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial – A Guide to the Site's History and the Memorial Published by the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial Edited by Karin Schawe Contents 6 Preface 10 The NeueNgamme coNceNTraTioN camP, 1938 To 1945 12 chronicle of events, 1938 to 1945 20 The construction of the Neuengamme concentration camp 22 The Prisoners 22 German Prisoners 25 Prisoners from the Occupied Countries 30 The concentration camp SS 31 Slave Labour 35 housing 38 Death 40 The Satellite camps 42 The end 45 The Victims of the Neuengamme concentration camp 46 The SiTe afTer 1945 48 chronicle of events from 1945 58 The British internment camp 59 The Transit camp 60 The Prisons and the memorial at the historical Site of the concentration camp Contents 66 The NeueNgamme coNceNTraTioN camP memoriaL 70 The grounds 93 archives and Library 70 The house of commemoration 93 The Archive 72 The exhibitions 95 The Library 72 Main Exhibition Traces of History 96 The Open Archive 73 Research Exhibition Posted to Neuengamme.