Holocaust and Jewish Resistance Teachers’ Program Summer 2014 Documents Holocaust and Jewish Resistance Teachers’ Program American Gathering of Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants 122 W 30th St # 205 New York, NY 10001-4009 (212) 239-4230 www.hajrtp.org June – July 2014 Program Directors Elaine Culbertson Stephen Feinberg COPYRIGHT NOTICE The Content here is provided under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (“CCPL” or “license”). This Content is protected by copyright and/or other applicable law. Any use of the Content other than as authorized under this license or copyright law is prohibited. By exercising any rights to the work provided here, you accept and agree to be bound by the terms of this license. To the extent this license may be considered to be a contract, the licensor grants you the rights contained here in consideration of your acceptance of such terms and conditions. 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HAJRTP - 2014 Table of Contents Before July 1 .................................................................................................................. 1 Yehuda Bauer on Jewish Resistance ..................................................................... 2 Definition of the Holocaust .................................................................................. 3 Holocaust: The Ignored Reality ............................................................................ 4 The Jews of Europe before and after the Holocaust ............................................. 14 The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking .............................................................. 15 Nazi Euphemisms ............................................................................................... 19 Directory of Major Concentration Camps ............................................................ 21 What Is Judaism? ............................................................................................... 23 Jewish Resistance under Nazi Rule ..................................................................... 32 Political Opposition to the Nazis ........................................................................ 38 “What We Value: Spiritual Resistance during The Holocaust” ............................ 40 Spiritual Resistance in the Ghettos ..................................................................... 43 Resistance is . ................................................................................................ 45 Physical Resistance ............................................................................................ 46 Chart: Jewish Resistance Groups by Location ..................................................... 47 Rescuers and Non-Jewish Resistance .................................................................. 49 The Nazi Euthanasia Program ............................................................................. 50 Map: Nazi “Euthanasia” Centers in Germany 1940-1945 ..................................... 54 July 1 ............................................................................................................................ 55 Bergen-Belsen Camp Complex ........................................................................... 56 Bergen-Belsen Timeline ..................................................................................... 58 Thinking of Food—Memoir of Bergen Belsen Survivor Irene Muskal ................ 60 Between Two Streams — A Diary from Bergen-Belsen by Abel Herzberg .......... 63 Chava Rosenfarb: Bergen-Belsen Diary, 1945 ..................................................... 89 July 3 .......................................................................................................................... 100 Ravensbrück Concentration Camp .................................................................... 101 Ravensbrück Timeline ...................................................................................... 104 Spiritual Resistance at Ravensbrück ................................................................. 106 The Dawn of Hope: A Memoir of Ravensbrück ................................................. 107 Other Victims: The Hearing Impaired ............................................................... 132 We Were Jehovah’s Witnesses .......................................................................... 135 Olympic Stadium Berlin ................................................................................... 139 The Track 17 Memorial at Grunewald Railway Station ..................................... 140 July 5 .......................................................................................................................... 142 Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution” .................................................. 143 Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin ......................................... 146 Stolpersteine — “Stumbling Blocks” ................................................................ 148 Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp ................................................................. 149 Sachsenhausen Timeline ................................................................................... 152 Arrival at Sachsenhausen by Heinz Heger ........................................................ 154 A Not So Average Joe’s Story: Joachim Boin in Sachsenhausen ......................... 158 The Women's Rosenstraße Protest in Nazi Berlin by Nathan Stoltzfus ............... 162 Dr. Leonore Goldschmidt Schule (1935-1941) .................................................. 165 HAJRTP - 2014 Table of Contents July 6 .......................................................................................................................... 178 Theresienstadt “Camp-Ghetto” ......................................................................... 179 Theresienstadt Timeline ................................................................................... 181 Alfred (Fredy) Hirsch ....................................................................................... 186 Friedl Dicker Brandeis Keeping Creativity Alive, Even in Hell ........................ 190 The Terezin Diary of Gonda Redlich ................................................................ 193 July 8 .......................................................................................................................... 194 Map: Eastern Europe after the German-Soviet Pact, 1939–1940 ........................ 195 A History of the Jews in Poland ........................................................................ 196 Kraków (Cracow) ............................................................................................. 201 Kraków Timeline ............................................................................................. 206 Tadeusz Pankiewicz: Kraków ........................................................................... 208 Amon Goeth Liquidates the Last Jews in Kraków ............................................. 210 Justyna's Narrative ........................................................................................... 212 For My Mother: Helena Tichauer Tells Her Story ............................................. 216 July 10 ........................................................................................................................ 222 The Auschwitz Concentration Camp Complex .................................................. 223 Photo: Selection on the Train Platform ............................................................. 230 Auschwitz Timeline ......................................................................................... 231 Gisella Perl: “I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz” ..................................................... 234 Resistance in the Kinderlarger .......................................................................... 238 Excerpt from “Gypsies” by Charlotte Delbo ...................................................... 239 Hugo Gryn: A 14 Year old Jewish Boy Describes his Arrival in Auschwitz ...... 242 Filip Muller: Auschwitz - Birkenau Sonderkommando ...................................... 243 July 11 ........................................................................................................................ 245 Map: Aktion Reinhard in the Generalgouvernement, 1942 ................................ 246 Aktion Reinhard (Einsatz Reinhard) ................................................................. 247