CainozoicResearch, 3(1-2), pp. 109-126, December2004 In: Donovan, S.K. (ed.). The Mid-Cainozoic WhiteLimestoneGroup ofJamaica
Decapod crustaceans of the
Lower Miocene Montpelier Formation,
White Limestone Group of Jamaica
² Roger+W. Portell¹ & Joe+S.H. Collins
'Florida Museum of Natural History, PO Box 117800, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800, USA; e-mail: portell@flmnh. ufl. edu 2 Department ofPalaeontology, The Natural History Museum, CromwellRoad, London, SW7 5BD, and 8, Shaw’s Cottages, Perry Rise, Forest Hill, London, SE23 2QN, England
Received 12 July 2002; revised version accepted 6 April 2003
Hitherto, only Callianassa sp. has been documented from the White Limestone Group of Jamaica. To this meagre record we here
Lower add a well-preserved, coral-associated crab faunaof sixteen new species in fourteen genera. The fauna was discovered in the Miocene of the in the north-central of Jamaica. This is Miocene Montpelier Formation, exposures near coast assemblage a decapod
the Portunidae and Of the fauna uniqueto the Caribbean. Three genera, belonging to families Leucosiidae, Xanthidae, are new. re-
mainder, Lophopanopeus is known from both older and younger North American deposits, Kromtitis is known only as fossil, and
Dynomene, Teleophrys, Daira, Trapezia and Chlorodiellaare extant genera. All are recorded for the first time as fossils in the Car-
ibbean. With the exception of Teleophrys, all are represented in the Upper Miocene coral-associated deposits of Europeand similar
deposits of MiddleMiocene age from Japan, from whence Leptodius, also present in the new collection, has been described. Three
been recorded in from Jamaica. The extant genera, Mithrax, Micropanope and Panopeus, have previously younger deposits only other coral-associated described from the Caribbean, from Pleistocene of assemblage the terraces of Barbados, consists twelve spe-
cies in all but ofwhich forms. sevengenera, one are extant
KEY WORDS:: Decapoda, Jamaica, Montpelier Formation, White Limestone Group.
Introduction crab fauna unique to the Caribbean. The only other
coral-associated assemblage described from the Carib-
Early knowledge of crabs from Jamaica, summarised by bean (Collins & Morris, 1976) is comprised of a small Morris of those described from (1993), are the Upper fauna from the Pleistocene terraces of Barbados, con-
Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of the parish of St James sisting of twelve species in seven genera, all but one of
from (Rathbun, 1919; Withers, 1922, 1924, 1927), those which are extant forms.
the Middle Eocene Chapelton Formation of the parishes The Early Miocene fauna of the Montpelier Forma-
of Hanover and Trelawny, and other, unnamed species tion documented herein consists of sixteen new species
from the Oligocene and Pleistocene. Additionally, Mor- in fourteen genera (see Table 1). Three of the genera, ris number of from the Pseudoachelous and the (1993) reported a species Upper Actaeops, Duncania, are new,
Pleistocene Falmouth Formation, and Collins el al. last-named being a leucosiid whose closest related forms
(1996, 2001), Collins & Donovan (1997) and Collins & are among Ebalia spp. Of the remainder, Lophopano-
Ported (1998) considerably enlarged the knowledge of peus is known from both older and younger deposits in
Pliocene and Pleistocene species. However, hitherto only North American, and six genera, Daira, Kromtitis,
a single specimen from the whole of the Middle Eocene Dynomene, Teleophrys, Chlorodiella and Trapezia, are
to Middle Miocene White Limestone Group of Jamaica recorded for the first time as fossils in the Caribbean.
was recorded (Morris, 1993). This, a propodus? of Cal- With the exception of Teleophrys, all are present in the
lianassa sp., was collected at New Ground, St Ann’s Upper Miocene coral-associated deposits of Europe and,
Bay, parish of St Ann and, according to Morris (1993), with the exception of Kromtitis, similar deposits of Mid-
of Middle Eocene to early Middle Oligocene age. To this dle Miocene age from Japan, from whence Leptodius,
single record we here add the discovery of a coral- also present in the new material, has been described
associated crab assemblage in the parish of Trelawny (Muller, 1984; Karasawa, 1993).
which provides an opportunity to describe a Miocene - 110 -
s' Genus New I Fossil Japanese TTethyanethyan Recent
Genera Caribbean Coral- Miocene Associates Pacific-
Fossil Associated Coral Caribbean
Record Genera Associates Genera
Kromtitis _XX X Dynomene _XX X X X P
DuncaniaDunccmia X X
Teleophrys X Cc
Mithrax X C/P
Daira X X X X pP
Pseudoachelous X X
Lophopanopeus C/P
Micropanope C/P
Panopeus C/P
Trapezia X X X X pP
Actaeops X X
Chlorodiella XXX X X Cc
Leptodius X X C/P
Table I.List of genera ofEarly Miocene crabs from the Montpelier Formation, White Limestone Group, Jamaica, and their attrib-
Pacific denoted still utes. Genera still living in the are by P; those living in the Caribbeanare denotedby C.
Only three extant genera, Micropanope, Panopeus and Brazil (Rathbun, 1925).
Mithrax, have previously been recorded in younger de- The nearest living comparable dynomenid, Hirsuto- posits from Jamaica; Mithrax is also known from the dynomene ursula (Stimpson, 1860), is confined from the
Pleistocene terraces of Barbados (Collins & Morris, west coast of Mexico to Ecuador and offshore to the
1976). Galapagos Islands (McLay, 1999). Its highly sculptured
The dominant decapod species found in the Mont- surface immediately distinguishes it from Dynomene
Formation is the Daira variabilis The pelier undoubtedly parthenopid sp. nov. dromiid, Kromtitis spinulata sp. vulgaris sp. nov., which is well represented by thirty-two nov., has much in common with the type species Krom- carapaces of various growth sizes. Furthermore, isolated titis koberi (Bachmayer & Tollmann, 1953) from the chelae elements that correspond well to those of Recent Miocene (‘Badenian’) of Europe. species of Daira and can confidently be attributed to the There is a closer resemblance of Trapezia prisca sp. fossil found in the the the Miocene new species, were deposit. Today, nov. to Late T. glaessneri Muller, 1984, genus contains two Recent species, one of which, Daira than to the Japanese Middle Miocene T breviformis
from southern Cali- 1993. The three Recent North America americana Stimpson, 1860, ranges Karasawa, spe- of fornia to Ecuador. cies Trapezia are found off the Pacific coast (although
The family Portunidae is represented by a single, two extend their range far beyond); the new species is
Pseudoachelousschindleri closest T. also fragmentary carapace, gen. et to cymodoce feruginea Latreille, 1825. It sp. nov. The anterolateral spines of this species follow shares characters with Quadrella nitida Smith, 1869 the alternate wide and narrow arrangement common to (Hickman & Zimmerman, 2000, p. 23), and could possi-
Achelous. have to the North American species of bly given rise the genus Quadrella. Unlike T.
Oxyrhynchs comprise a reasonably high percentage cymodoce feruginea, Q. nitida is presently confined from
(18.75%) of the fossil coral-associated assemblage of southern California to Panama. As pointed out by Muller
Jamaica. of Mithrax have been determined of commensal with Two species (1984), species Trapezia are only from our samples; Mithrax donovani sp. nov. exhibits seriatoporid (= pocilloporid) corals (i.e., Stylophora, characters in common with the more pyriform members Pocillopora, Madracis and Seriatopora). Except for Ma-
these corals of the genus such as Mithrax acuticornis Stimpson, dracis, are no longer present in the Carib-
1870, and Mithrax spinipes (Bell, 1836), the former bean, which may explain the absence of Trapezia in that widespread in the Caribbean, the latter a Pacific coast region today.
Mithrax the other has The earliest in North America of species. unguis sp. nov., on hand, appearance Lopho-
characters in common with extant Mithrax hispidus panopeus is from the Oligocene of Alaska (Rathbun,
(Herbst, 1790), a species known also from the Pleisto- 1926), in which work three species were also recorded
acornis cene of Barbados. Teleophrys sp. nov. has re- from the Pleistocene of California. However, both of the lated characters with Teleophrys ornatus Rathbun, 1901, Oligocene species described from Alaska, L. olearis presently recorded from Yucatan, the West Indies to Rathbun, 1926, and L. baldwini Kooser & Orr, 1973, - Ill -
have recently been reassigned to Panopeus by Schweit- Davis (2001). All carapace measurements were taken
The has also been recorded under binocular dial cali- zer (2000). genus tentatively a microscope using Mitutoyo
from the Miocene Cercado Formation of the Dominican pers. Republic and Upper Pliocene Moin Formation of Costa
Rica (Collins and co-workers, research in progress).
In North America, the genus Chlorodiella is re- Systematic palaeontology
stricted to a single species, C. longimana (H. Milne Ed-
wards, 1834), which differs from C. occidentalis sp. nov. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
in having more continuous transverse ridges; those of C. Section Dromiacea de Haan, 1833 occidentalis shorter and confined the lat- Dromioidea are closely to Superfamily de Haan, 1833 eral margins, thereby more closely allied to the diminu- Family Dromiidae de Haan, 1833
tive C. juglans Muller, 1984, from the Upper Miocene of Genus Kromtitis Muller, 1984 (non Papp et al., 1978,
Whereas four in the Middle Mio- Hungary. genera occur nomen nudum)
cene of Japan, there is an equal affinity of the Jamaican
species to late Tethyan forms. Additionally, it seems Type species — Dromilites koberi Bachmeyer & Toll- remarkable that abundant in the galatheids, Danish, mann, 1953, by monotypy.
Tethyan, and Japanese coral-associated crab faunas, have
yet to be found in the Montpelier Formation. Range — Upper Eocene to Upper Miocene.
Materialand methods Kromtitis spinulata sp. nov. Figure 1/1
RWP and associates collected the fossil crabs described
herein between 1990 and 2001 from the informally Material — Holotype, carapace UF 68421; paratypes, named Duncans of Florida Quarry (University locality carapaces UF 38959, UF 68429, UF 68430, UF 73096 The seldom XJ015). small, used, quarry is located near and UF 106689.
the centre of the north coast in the parish of Trelawny,
approximately 5 km west of the Duncans police station Diagnosis — Carapace subcircular, subglobose, margins
on the south side of Highway Al (GPS reading 18° spinulated, postcervical furrow wed developed, dividing
77° 28.05’N, 34.77’W). Here, a sequence approximately epi- and mesobranchial lobes; dorsal surface bilaterally
25 m thick, consisting of bedded and folded white car- tuberculate.
bonates and chert layers of the Montpelier Formation
Limestone is The — (White Group) exposed. uppermost Derivation of name Refers to spinulated marginal
unit (3-6 m thick) consists of large slump blocks of indu- spines.
rated bioclastic limestone composed primarily of coral
rubble with interstitial echinoid tests and spines, mouldic Description — Carapace subcircular in outline, wider
molluscs and crabs. ofthe corals and echinoids than = Many are long (holotype L/W 0.79); moderately arched
recrystallized or coated by calcite crystals (Donovan & transversely, longitudinally more down-turned in ante-
The bioclastic limestones of the rior third. Orbitofrontal takes of Ported, 2000). upper- margin up half the cara- unit most are presumed to have been derived from shal- pace width; small, circular, forwardly directed orbits
lower water and deposited in a deeper-water setting by occupy the outer fourths. The front is slightly produced; submarine flow the downtumed mass processes (Donovan & Ported, (damaged) rostrum is broadly? triangular
For detailed discussion of the and sulcate. The orbital 1995, 2000). a stratigraphy weakly upper margins are entire;
the Duncans the Formation lower orbital and at Quarry, Montpelier or margin outer angle are spinose, a con- White Limestone Mitchell Group, see (2004). tinuation of about 13 spines, alternately broad and nar-
Crabs were located by breaking off large pieces of row, line the antero- and posterolateral margins. The
indurated limestone boulders with heavy hammers and larger spines have spinulated margins. The dorsal lobes
chisels. Back in the the crabs laboratory were prepared are well-defined; all, except hepatic region, are com-
using an air scribe to remove coarse-grained matrix and posed of tubercles of varying size. Cervical furrow,
then with fine chisel for detailed an engraver a tipped broadly V-shaped across the midline, curves forwards
cleaning. Crab carapaces are preserved as internal and and outwards before turning sharply towards the margin
external moulds; no original shell material was recov- which it reaches at about the 7th/8th spines. A pair of
ered. All the fossil described in this behind flask- specimens paper are granules, representing gastric pits, occurs a reposited in the Invertebrate Paleontology Division of shaped mesogastric lobe. A short urogastric lobe is well
the Florida Museum ofNatural Uni- from cardiac History (FLMNH), separated a narrow, rounded-triangular re-
versity of Florida (UF), Gainesville, Florida. Additional gion. Longitudinally divided epi- and mesobranchial will specimens be reposited in the Geology Museum, lobes are transversely divided by a distinct postcervical
University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica furrow.
(UWIGM). Systematic arrangement follows Martin & - 112 - - 113 -
Figure 1. Early Miocene crabs from the Montpelier Formation (White Limestone Group), Jamaica.
1 - Kromtitis dorsal of 4. spinulata sp. nov., view carapace, holotype, UF 68421, x
2 - Dynomene variabilis sp. nov., dorsal view ofcarapace, holotype, UF 106705, x 5.
- UF 5. 3 Duncania jamaicensis gen. et sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, 103950, x
- UF 4 Teleophrys acornis sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, 106756, x 5.
- 5. 5 Mithrax donovani sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 103958, x
- 5. 6 Mithrax unguis sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 106697, x
8 - Daira 7, vulgaris sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace (7), holotype, UF 68349, x 4; outer view of right cheliped (8), paratype, UF
68356, x 4.
Discussion — The new taxon conforms in all basic char- UF 73169, UP 80448, UF 80462, UF 104435, UF
acters with the type species, marginal spines of which 106698,UF 106703, UF 106841 and UF 106844.
are better preserved in a specimen figured by Muller
The rounded outline im- — wider than subcir- (1984, pi. 31, fig. 2). carapace Diagnosis Carapace long, convex,
mediately distinguishes the new species from the Late cular, sparsely granulate to smooth. Lateral carapace
Eocene (‘Priabonian’) Kromtitis pentagonalis Muller & margin with small spines or nodes. Front broadly trian-
Collins, 1991. However, K. spinulata has much in com- gular to rounded, spines absent; orbits well defined.
with Frontal bifurcated mon Dromiopsis rugosa (von Schlotheim, 1820) groove shallow, posteriorly; cervical,
from the Middle Danian coral/bryozoan banks of Den- postcervical and branchial areas typically defined.
mark and Sweden. Essentially similar characters are con-
formity of furrows, particularly the postcervical furrow, Derivation of name — Alluding to the ontological de-
and effect on the lobation. Moreover, well-preserved, velopment of the carapace.
decorticated carapaces of D. rugosa have lateral margins
lined with a similar number of spines, though not so Description — Carapace wider than long (holotype LAV
strongly developed or spinulated as in K. spinulata. = 0.81); displays a degree of ontological development
the of While coarser tubercules crown lobes D rugosa ranging from a subcircular carapace with vaulted longi-
they are less noticeable among the densely crowded sur- tudinal section to a transversely subhexagonal outline,
face ofK. arched. The lateral ornament from granules spinulata. weakly progresses
little more than nodes, the fourth and fifth barely devel-
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Key: oped, to forwardly directed spines diminishing in size
maximum length (L), maximum width (W), width of posteriorly and a weak ‘ridge’ extending onto the dorsal
front (Wl), fronto-orbital width (W2) and posterior surface from the fifth spine outlines the branchiocardiac asterisk indicates that the furrow. The orbitofrontal width (W3). An (*) measure- depressed margin, following
due about ment was an approximation to incomplete specimen. the general carapace curvature, occupies two-
could be thirds of width. A blank (—) indicates a measurement not the carapace An incipient frontal margin
taken. notch is more obvious as a weak sulcus in the upper
back between fronted edge, leading prominent, steep
Specimen L W W1 W2 W3 epigastric lobes that, with the fragile front invariably not
The preserved, present a misleading appearance. upper Holotype (UF 68421) 12.3 15.6 3.7 7.2 3.4 orbital margin, without notches, terminates in a sharp — Paratype (UF 38959) 11.3 12.0* 6.4* 3.0* angle; the lower margin extends beyond the mar- Paratype (UF 68429) 6.4 7.7 1.1 3.9 3.0 upper gin. Curving across the midline, opposite the fourth
spine the cervical furrow turns forwards and outwards,
and becomes obsolete before the Family Dynomenidae Ortmarm, 1892 reaching margin; a
Genus Dynomene Desmarest, 1823 short spur defines the hepatic groove. Only the tip of the
is between the anteromesogastric process preserved epi-
Type species — Dynomene hispida Guerin-Meneville, gastric lobes. Larger individuals have three granules in
1832, by monotypy. an invertedtriangle on the pentagonal cardiac region.
Range — Lower Middle Miocene to Recent. Discussion — There is considerable agreement in cara-
and dorsal areolationof pace outline, marginal spines D.
variabilis to Dynomene variabilis sp. nov. sp. nov. those of Dynomene emiliae Muller, Figure 1/2 1984, from the Upper ‘Badenian’ (Miocene) of Austria,
which differs little more than having a more continuous
Material — furrow and less branchiocardiac fur- Holotype, carapace UF 106705; paratypes, hepatic prominent and lobes. carapaces UF 38961, UF 72810, UF 73086, UF 73156, row epigastric - 114- - 115 -
Figure 2. Early Miocene crabs from the Montpelier Formation(White Limestone Group), Jamaica
1 - Pseudoachelousschindleri gen. et sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 80478, x 4.
2 - Lophopanopeus corallinus sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 106702, x 5.
3 - Lophopanopeus toomeyorum sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 68432, x 5.
4 - of UF 5. Micropanopepulcherrima sp. nov., dorsal view carapace, holotype, 73087, x
5 - Panopeus nanus sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 106687, x 6.
6 - Trapeziaprisca sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 73097, x 5.
7 - Actaeopsfrontalis gen. et sp. nov., dorsal view of carapace, holotype, UF 106750,x 9.
- dorsal view of UF 5. 8 Chlorodiellaoccidentalis sp. nov., carapace, holotype, 80472, x
- dorsal of 9 Leptodius granulatus sp. nov., view carapace, holotype, UF 103968, x 5.
The front, where preserved, in Dynomene shinobui wider than long (holotype L/W = 0.81). The bilobed
Karasawa, 1993 (Middle Miocene, Japan), would appear front occupies about halfof the orbitofrontal margin and
be somewhat the subdued is little the to more advanced; marginal produced a beyond general curvature; a me-
spines of the small specimen (Karasawa, 1993, pi. 6, fig. dian notch forms a narrowly rounded V, and the rounded
reminiscent of forms of variabilis lateral leads to orbital with 12) are young D. sp. angle an oblique margin a min- nov. Both D. emiliae and D. shinobui are coral- notch close to the outer orbital spine. There are two associated ursula is confined uscule the anterolateral species. Hirsutodynomene granules on very short, depressed
to the west coast of Mexico and the Galapagos Islands. margin which terminates in a sharp angle. Convex pos-
Its highly sculptured surface immediately distinguishes it terolateral margins are finely beaded, beads interrupted
fol- from the new species. by two spinules before a spine at the lateral angle,
lowed by two larger, triangular spines before and another
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab- at the posterior angle. The cervical furrow forms a shal- breviations as above. low curve across the midline. From the lateral angle a
crest extends to the frontal lobe leaving the hepatic re-
Specimen L W W1 W2 W3 gion depressed; a second crest leading onto the meta-
branchial lobe rises to a low elevation. Mesogastric, Holotype (UF 106705)8.5 10.5 3.8 6.5 3.7 protogastric and cardiac lobes are tumid. The lateral Paratype (UF 80462) 5.5 6.5 2.3 4.4 2.4 margins of the depressed urogastric and anterior part of Paratype (UF 106698) 5.8 6.5 2,8 4.7 2.4 the cardiac region are concave.
Section Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980
Discussion — The new is most similar to Superfamily Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819 present genus Ebalia Leach, 1817. However, the bilobed front and spi- Family Leucosiidae Samouelle, 1819 nulose lateral margins distinguish D. jamaicensis from Genus Duncania gen. nov. all known members ofEbalia.
— et Type species Duncaniajamaicensis gen. sp. nov.
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab-
breviations as above. Diagnosis — Carapace subcircular, subglobose with
produced, bilobed front, lateral margins spinulate.
Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
— named for the local- Derivation of name Genus type
near the town of Duncans, of Ja- ity, parish Trelawny, Holotype (UF 103950) 5.2 6.4 1.8 3.0 maica.
Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819
Range — Lower Miocene. Family Mithracidae Balss, 1929
Genus Teleophrys Stimpson, 1860
Duncania — jamaicensis sp. nov. Type species Teleophrys cristulipes Stimpson, 1860, 1/3 Figure by monotypy.
— Material Holotype, and sole specimen known, is UF Range — Lower Miocene to Recent.
103950.
— As for Diagnosis genus. Teleophrys acornis sp. nov. Figure 1/4
Derivation ofname — For Jamaica.
Material — Holotype, and only specimen known, is UF
Description — Carapace subcircular and subglobose. 106756. - 116 -
— — aculeatus 1790 Diagnosis Carapace subpyriform, almost as wide as Type species Cancer Herbst, (= long; frontal margin with minute rostrum vertically in- Mithrax pilosus Rathbun, 1892), by subsequent designa-
rostral tion of Milne Edwards clined from weak marginal notch; no horns. H. (1837).
— Derivation of name — Indicating absence of rostral Range Lower Miocene to Recent. horns.
Mithrax donovani sp. nov.
Description — Carapace subpyriform, as wide as long Figure 1/5
(holotype L/W = 1.0), weakly arched in both longitudi- nal and transverse sections. The orbitofontal margin oc- Material — Holotype, and only specimen known, is UF
the 103958. cupies about a half of the carapace width, beaded, slightly produced front, weakly convex overall, has a pair of nodes either side of a weak median notch, the Diagnosis — Carapace pyriform with short, bifurcate
frontal before spaces between the nodes concave. A minute rostrum rostral horns and a straight edge broad, extends vertically from the median notch. The inner or- triangular inner orbital spines; upper orbital margin with bital angle is bluntly rounded; the short, oblique subcir- a deep notch and closed fissure; outer orbital spine long; cular orbital has blunt at mesobranchal with tubercles upper margin a spine lobes, except spiniform or midlength; the outer orbital spine is bluntly rounded. granules.
Anterolateral with median margin very short, convex a
tubercle. Eleven evenly spaced granular spines line the Derivation of name — The species is named in honour
of for his contributions to boldly curved posterolateral margins, conjoining posteri- Stephen K. Donovan many our orly to isolate the base of a circular intestinal margin knowledge of Caribbeanpalaeontology and geology.
which has from the true posterior margin, a slightly wider curve. A faint V-shaped cervical furrow, crossing Description — Carapace longer than wide (holotype
becomes L/W = in outline, section the midline posterior to carapace midlength, 1.29), pyriform longitudinal bolder at union with the cardiac furrow. The weaker he- gently curved posteriorly, more so anteriorly, weakly patic furrow extends to the orbital margin. Hepatic and arched transversely. Short, rounded-triangular rostral protogastric lobes are weakly tumid. The parallel-sided horns separated by a V-shaped notch leading to a sinus
to the frontal sulcus short onto the dorsal anteromesogastric process tapers extending a way surface; laterally, and a small trapezoidal mesogastric lobe is weakly de- they turn sharply into an almost transverse frontal mar-
hatchured in directed fined. The V-shaped urogastric lobe is entirely gin terminating a broad, triangular, outwardly by the respective muscle scars. There is a median tuber- inner orbital spine. A deep U-shaped notch in the upper
the cardiac orbital is followed closed cle on shield-shaped region. Large epi- margin closely by a fissure anterolat- mesobranchial lobes, vaguely delimited from tumid before a long, curving, outer orbital spine. The branchial regions, are divided by a weak depression ex- eral margin curves to a spine on the hepatic margin and tending posterolaterally from the cardiac furrow. slants into the cervical notch. The posterolateral margin
curves broadly to a (damaged) narrow posterior margin.
Discussion — Teleophrys acornis sp. nov. has much in A deep cervical furrow curving back from the margin
common with the small, extant T. ornatus Rathbun, turns abruptly round the base of the mesogastric lobe,
1901, presently recorded from Yucatan. The upper or- where it is very shallow and has a pair of gastric pits
to bital margin of T. acornis sp. nov. is more distinctly di- close the mid-line. The much shallower branchiocar-
vided than in Recent forms, but absence of prominent diac furrow, bounded part way by a metabranchialridge, rostral feature Mithrax terminates at the uro-cardiac horns, a prominent among spp., deep grooves bounding more closely allies the new species with Teleophrys. region. The tip of the slender anteromesogastric process
Surface areolation of the new species has much in com- barely extends into the frontal sinus. There is a weak
of Mithrax bahamensis median tubercle flanked in line each mon with that Rathbun, 1892, a by two on proto- rare Caribbean species, which is otherwise distinguished gastric lobe. The larger, hinder tubercle on the mesogas- by its widely-spaced rostral horns and conspicuous sub- tric lobe is bifurcated. The epibranchial lobes have a orbital spines. tubercle close to the margin and three, the median the
largest, on the metabranchial lobes follow the curve of
the branchiocardiac furrow. A shallow separates Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab- groove
the median-tuberculated lobe from an almost breviations as above. urogastric circular cardiac region, which has two tubercles in line.
There is a transverse pair of tubercles on the intestinal
L W W1 W2 W3 Specimen lobe. Granules scattered over the dorsal surface are
denser on the meso-epibranchial areas.
Holotype (UF 106756) 7.8 7.8 1.7 4.8 1.5
Discussion — Mithrax donovani has much in sp. nov. Genus Mithrax 1832 Desmarest, common with the proportionately narrower, more pyri- - 117 -
form members of the such as M. acuticornis and branchial lobes have of tubercles and there is genus, a group a M. The absence of suborbital spinipes. prominent spines pair on the intestinal lobe.
on M. donovani sp. nov. considerably effects ‘first-sight’
From the above-mentioned M. — comparison. species, Discussion The new species has much in common donovani differs in wider sp. nov. having a front, a with extant Mithrax hispidus (Delaware Bay to Rio de outer orbital from the longer spine; additionally, former, Janeiro). It differs little more than in the arrangement of in the reduced number of dorsal tubercles. Distribution the anterolateral spines, the first and second of which in of the tubercles, particularly the transverse row across M. hispidus have wide bases giving rise to trifid spi- the that of nules. protogastric lobes, more closely approximates A similar arrangement occurs in the closely re-
M. spinipes from which M. donovani nov. differs in lated M. brasiliensis sp. Rathbun, 1892, a rare species ap- reduced having the hepatic spine to a node and a rather parently confined between the Bay of Bahia and Rio de obvious more branchiocardiac furrow. Janeiro (Rathbun, 1925). The wide bases of the first and
second lateral spines of M. hispidus figured by Collins &
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab- Morris (1976) from the Coral Rock of Barbados indi- breviations as above. cates division of the spines to have been well advanced
by the Pleistocene.
Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab-
Holotype (UF 103958) 8.8 6,8 3.2 4.6 2.2* breviations as above.
Mithrax Specimen L W W1 W2 W3 unguis sp. nov. Figure 1/6 Holotype (UF 106697)11.8 13.0 3.7 6.8 2.0*
- - Paratype(UF68417) 14.0 - 2.7
Material — UF Holotype, carapace 106697; paratypes, Paratype (UF 73089) 11.3 12.8 4.0* 7.0* 2.8
carapaces UF 68417, UF 73089, UF 73165, UF 103955,
UF 106768, UF 106772 and UF 111483.
Superfamily Parthenopoidea MacLeay, 1838
Diagnosis — Carapace pyriform with six spines on lat- Family DairidaeNg & Rodriguez, 1986 eral rostral delicate margin; spines distally to broad tri- Genus Daira de Haan, 1833 angular base projecting not much beyond inner orbital
and metabranchial lobes tubercu- spines; protogastric Type species — Cancer perlatus Herbst, 1790, by lated. monotypy.
Derivation name — to the hooked of Referring appear- Range — Eocene to Recent. ance ofthe lateral spines.
Description — Carapace slightly wider than long (holo- Daira vulgaris sp. nov.
L/W = type 0.91), outline pyriform, gently arched in Figure 1/7, 8 both longitudinal and transverse sections. Width between
exceeds to spines slightly length base of rostrum. Rostral — Material Holotype, carapace UF 68349; paratypes, horns short and delicate broad- distally, becoming carapaces UF 68357, UF 68363, UF 68364, UF68365, and triangularly based extending shortly as ‘ridges’ onto UF 68367, UF 68442, UF 68446, UF 68474, UF 73093, the protogastric lobes. Homs not much be- projecting UF 73153, UF 73162, UF 73168, UF 73174, UF 80461, directed inner orbital yond triangular, obliquely spines. UF 80449, UF 103948, UF 103949, UF 103954, UF
There are two delicate spines on the sinuous oblique, 103964, UF 103965, UF 103966, UF 103967, UF orbital weak notch and blunt upper margin to a outer 104433, UF 106693, UF 106695, UF 106704, UF There is the spine. a spine on hepatic margin and five 106706, UF 106707, UF 106711, UF 106769 and UF fine, forward line the mar- curving spines posterolateral 106843; paratypes, attributed claws UF 68356, UF which gins curve broadly to a narrow posterior margin. 104440 and UF 106773.
A deep cervical furrow forms a flat-bottomed V across the midline. A granule occupies the hepatic region; there Diagnosis — Carapace transversely ovate with flattened is median between the bases of the tubercles one granule proto- of varying size forming longitudinal and trans-
and a cluster on each tubercles gastric ‘ridges’ protogastric lobe; verse rows anteriorly; on metabranchialregion three in inverted the ovate granules, an triangle, occupy contrastingly smaller; anterolateral margins lined with cardiac and line of three each region a on metabranchial tridentate spinules. lobe with runs parallel one on narrow, oblique epibran- chial lobes, which are from somewhat vaguely separated Derivation — of name Indicating a very common spe- mesobranchial lobes. The of longer posterior parts meta- cies. - 118 -
— in obvious lineal that Description of carapace Transversely ovate, gently having a more arrangement more arched longitudinally, flattened transversely with clearly defines hepatic furrows. Daira vulgaris sp. nov. rounded marginal sides, nearly two-thirds broader than differs from the European Miocene D. speciosa (Reuss, long (holotype LAV = 0.70). The orbitofrontal margin 1871) in having a denser alignment of gastric tubercules, mesobranchial tubercles and takes up rather more than a half of the carapace width larger epi- and a sharper and the orbits the outer fourths. Front delineation of these from smaller metabranchial tuber- occupy weakly bilobed with nearly straight sides. Upper orbital margins cles. The ornament of D. eocenica (Lorenthey, 1897) thickened and linedwith flattened tubercles. Antero- and (Muller & Collins, 1991, pi. 4) consists of irregular- posterolateral margins broadly rounded, the crenulations rounded tubercles, the size of which differs considerably
in from the in & Beurlen normal to the genus produced to spinules arranged figure Lorenthey (1929, pi. 12) groups of three, the median the largest. One or two sin- which, however, depicts sharp, well-spaced marginal
behind the lateral Disassociated limb in the collection gle spines occur immediately angle. spines. fragments
Dorsal lobes are moderately well-defined, but crowded can safely be attributedto Daira. with flattened tubercles of varying diameters. The cervi-
for- — Ab- cal furrow runs straight across the midline, turns Measurements Carapace measurements (mm). wards besides an ovate mesogastric angle, then curves breviations as above.
smoothly to the margin. The anteromesogastric process
is embraced by a dividing sulcus extending from frontal Specimen L W W1 W2 W3 notch. The largest tubercles occur on the epi- and meso- Holotype (UF 68349) 14.3 20.4 5.8 11.4 6,0 branchial lobes. More or less even sized tubercles on the Paratype (UF 104433) 11.8 17,5 5.4 10.0 4.7 protogastric lobes are arranged in transverse and longi- Paratype (UF 106706) 11.0 15.5 4.4 10.3 4.0 the tudinal rows with granules scattered between longi- tudinal rows. Three relatively large tubercles on the uro-
is gastric lobe are bounded by four smaller ones; there a Superfamily PortunoideaRafinesque, 1815
fused cluster of tubercles anteriorly on the lingulate car- Family PortunidaeRafinesque, 1815
its encloses Pseudoachelous diac region and a fused row lining margins a Genus gen. nov.
group of various sized granules. Two or three rows of
— Pseudoachelous schindleri et tubercles on the metabranchial lobes are contrastingly Type species gen. sp.
smaller. nov.
Description of limbfragments — Distal height of right Diagnosis — Carapace with eight anterolateral spines
merus (UF 104440), preserved with associated carpus, is increasing in size posteriorly, a linear ornament of gran-
about 5/8th of the length, slightly tapering proximally; ules on branchialregion and behind orbits.
lower margin gently convex, upper margin nearly
straight with three tubercles and a slim distal hook over- Derivation of name — Indicating a (probably mislead-
to hanging carpus; tubercles arranged in rows on outer sur- ing) likeness Achelous.
face, decreasing in size as they continue to the lower
inner margin, becoming granulated proximally. Carpus Range — Lower Miocene.
length equals distal height of merus, a little longer than
than high; tubercles generally larger on merus.
Propodus (UF 68356) one and a half times length Pseudoachelous schindleri sp. nov.
of curved with small 2/1 and height carpus; upper margin a Figure carpal and four large, blunt spines reducing in height
distally. The interdigital margin is convex with three to Material — Holotype, a partial left longitudinal carapace
four spines. Fixed finger a little less than half the length UF 80478;paratype, carapace UF 111487. of is of manus, smooth. Upper margin dactylus concave
with median occludent — As for a spine, tip rounded; margin con- Diagnosis genus.
cave, producing a slight gape.
Derivation ofname — This species is named after Kevin
— to Discussion The Recent Daira americana, ranging S. Schindler for his years of dedicated service the In-
from southern California to Ecuador (Rathbun, 1930), vertebrate Paleontology Division at the FLMNH. He was
of surface instrumental in RWP with of differs considerably in the arrangement orna- assisting collecting many lin- the crabs describedherein. ment. Anterior tubercles are generally smaller, less
eally arranged and the size of the metabranchial tuber-
coincident with others the A — Orbitofrontal cles is more on carapace. Description margin largely missing; with notch in the greater conformity in size and distribution of granules orbit small, circular a upper margin orbital The anterolateral occurs in D. perlata (Herbst, 1790; q.v. Karasawa, close to a (stout) outer spine.
2000), a Recent Indo-West Pacific species. The Pacific margin is gently convex. U-shaped notches separate
D. further in size as species and vulgaris sp. nov. are distinguished eight peg-like? spines increasing posterorly; - 119 -
indicated their these by bases, are alternately wide and weak deviation of curvature occurs coincident with he-
narrow. Straight posterolateral margins converge to patic furrow; outer orbital angle blunt. A shallow depres-
broadly rounded posterior angles, the mid-arc point sion bounds front and orbits. The anterolateral margin is in line seemingly occurring with the orbit. The posterior divided into three lobes, median longest. Posterolateral is and bounded with fine margin broadly concave a margins converge to sharp posterior angles. The weakly On the dorsal surface of ridge. a row even-sized granules concave posterior margin is a little narrower than the
extends from the lateral level with the lateral front. The near edge lobes are clearly defined. The cervical furrow, forwards and inwards about level angle gradually to with shallow and convex across the midline to outer angles of the fifth A of close spine. ridge set granules from the the mesogastric lobe, deepens and turns straight out- second encircles spine the orbit. A posterior row of five wards and forwards to union with the hepatic furrow,
or she curves more or less the then the granules parallel to pos- runs concave to margin. Large, trapezoidal he- terolateral A cardiac outline of margin. vague furrow, or patic and protogastric lobes are weakly bilobed anteri- attenuated of the cardiac an portion region, occurs oppo- orly. The subpentagonal mesogastric lobe is weakly bi- site midlength ofthe lobed posterolateral margin. basally and the slender anterior process tapers to
base of curved, steep-fronted epigastric lobes. A narrow
Discussion — An arrangement of eight anterolateral urogastric lobe is clearly separated from the heart-shaped of width is spines alternating apparently common to sev- cardiac region that has three low granules in an inverted eral Caribbean of Achelous de species Haan, 1833 triangle and there is a granule on each protogastric lobe.
(Rathbun, 1930). This feature and carapace proportions The third marginal lobe forms the epibranchial lobe and
place the to present carapace fragment near Achelous, large metabranchial lobes are weakly subdivided by a but its smooth surface allows virtually no comparison of posterior extension ofthe hepatic furrow.
dorsal characters well in members of that developed ge-
nus. Discussion — The anterolateral margins of the species
presently assigned to Lophopanopeus are more globose
Measurements — measurements Ab- than for the but the loss of Carapace (mm). normally accepted genus, a breviations above. as sharp, triangular-spine appearance may be accounted for
by loss of shell thickness. The lobation and frontal re-
Specimen L W W1 W2 W3 of L. corallinus be gion sp. nov. can compared with L. maculatus Rathbun, 1898 (vide Hickman & Zimmerman,
Holotype (UF 80478) 15.5* 10.0* _ . 5.1 2000), a Pacific coast species.
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab- Superfamily XanthoideaMacLeay, 1838 breviations as above. Family Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893
Genus Lophopanopeus Rathbun, 1898 Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
Type species — Xantho bella Stimpson, 1860, by origi- Holotype (UF 106702) 6.5 9.7 3.4 6.7 2.5* nal designation.
Range — Eocene to Recent. Lophopanopeus toomeyorum sp. nov. Figure 2/3
Lophopanopeus corallinus sp. nov. Material — Holotype, and sole specimen known, is 2/2 Figure carapace UF 68432.
— Material Holotype, carapace UF 106702. Diagnosis — Carapace subhexagonal, anterolateral
spines lobate to bluntly triangular, epigastric lobes trian-
— than Diagnosis Carapace hexagonal, wider long, con- gular.
vex, front bilobed, regions distinct.
Derivation of name — Named in honour of Barbara and
Derivation — Refers its Reed of name to occurrence among Toomey, along with their son James, for contribu- fossil corals at the type locality. tions aiding in the study of Jamaicanpalaeontology.
— Description Carapace rounded hexagonal, length over Description — Carapace subhexagonal, longitudinally
half = carapace width (holotype LAV 0.67), weakly and transversely weakly arched, wider than long (holo- arched in and sections. Front = longitudinal transverse oc- type LAV 0.72). The orbitofrontal margin occupies the median half of the wide orbitofrontal cupies margin about 59% of the carapace width, with the front, in line which takes 69% (6.7 of with the up mm) carapace width, weakly curvature, taking up the median half. The front
sinuous to comers of notch before a sharp thin, upturned has a narrow median notch and weakly convex sides
orbital there obvious but in rounded upper margin; are no fissures, a terminating angles to a thickened, oblique - 120 -
upperorbital margin, pierced by two notches, the median pying 8/10th of carapace width of which the front takes
furrow. Of five opposite hepatic the anterolateral spines up the median third; there is a deep U-shaped median illustrated by Rathbun (1930, p. 319), the first and sec- notch with a sulcus leading onto a wide postfrontal de- ond and (D E) are coalesced; third and fourth are about pression. The inner orbital angle is smoothly rounded; the same length, the third is lobate and fourth at lateral the first of two notches in the slightly receding upper angle, rather more triangular; the fifth is smaller and margin is coincident with the conspicuous hepatic fur- bluntly triangular. Lobes well demarcated. The cervical row; the second notch occurs at base of a triangular outer
the midline 3/5th distance from the orbital The first and second anterolateral groove curves across spine. spines front, turns sharply outward at anterior ‘angle’ of ovate are more or less even-sized, the third is reduced and
mesogastric lobe, curves gently round the ovate meso- bluntly rounded. Posterolateral margins are longer than branchial lobe, then runs sharply forward to the margin. anterolateral, weakly concave medially and converging
The slightly tapering anteromesogastric process extends to rounded posterior angles. Posterior margin damaged.
between lobes. Ovate Dorsal lobes well-defined and Cervical midway triangular epigastric pro- steep-fronted. lobes shallow togastric are slightly smaller than triangular he- furrow and narrowly curved round the base of patic region. The epibrachial lobe is diamond-shaped and flask-shaped mesogastric lobe; after a basal constriction, there is small node inserted between the mesobrachial the anterior to the front ofthe a process tapers protogastric and urocardiac junctures; the cardiac region is rounded lobes. The urogastric lobe follows almost U-shaped basal triangle with rounded, tumid posterior angles. curve of the mesogastric lobe and the cardiac region is
Ungulate. Flattened, even-sized granules cover the dorsal
Discussion — There is considerable difference in cara- surface. pace proportions and surface detail from Lophopanopeus
corallinus Surface differences from coralli- — sp. nov. L. Discussion Micropanope pulcherrima sp. nov. shares nus sp. nov. include thickening of the upper orbital mar- characters with Recent Micropanope spp. throughout the
gin, with a larger median notch, a more distinct first an- Caribbean and, particularly, with M. granulimanus terolateral spine, triangular epigastric lobes and a more (Stimpson, 1871). The front of M. granulimanus is not
distinct mesogastric lobe. There is some similarity to L. so produced; the median notch is shallower and internal lockingtoni Rathbun, 1901, from which L. toomeyorum orbital angle rounded. sp. nov. is differentiated in having well-developed an-
terolateral and small lobe. — spines a ovate mesogastric Measurements Carapace measurements (mm). Ab-
breviations as above.
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab- breviations as above. Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
Holotype (UF 73087) 7.2 9,4 3.5 7.6 3.3* Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
Holotype (UF 68432) 8.0 11.1 4.0 6.6* 2.5 Genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834
Genus Micropanope Stimpson, 1871 Type species — Panopeus herbstii H. Milne Edwards,
1834, by subsequent designation.
Type species — Micropanope sculptipes Stimpson, 1871, by original designation. Range — Paleoceneto Recent.
Range — Lower Miocene to Recent.
Panopeus nanus sp. nov. Figure 2/5
Micropanope pulcherrima sp. nov.
Figure 2/4 Material — Holotype, carapace UF 106687; paratypes,
and carapaces UF 73090 UF 106696.
Material — Holotype, and only specimen known, is UF
73087. Diagnosis — Carapace subhexagonal, moderately wide,
anterolateral margins with five teeth.
Diagnosis — Frontal margin with prominent U-shaped
notch; thirdanterolateral spine diminutive. Derivation of name — Denotes diminutive size of this
species.
Derivation ofname — Refers to its delicate beauty.
Description — Carapace subhexagonal, wider than long
= — rounded wider than in Description Carapace hexagonal, (holotype L/W 0.72), front line with carapace cur-
= long (holotype L/W 0.77), transversely and longitudi- vature. The front, taking up the median half of the orbi- arched. Orbitofrontal nally weakly margin wide, occu- tofrontal margin, has a U-shaped median notch, weakly - 121 -
sinuous sides terminate in a sharp angle before a preor- Diagnosis — Carapace wider than long, orbitofrontal
bital there two fissures in the raised little less than frontal notch; are thin, up- margin a greatest carapace width,
per orbital margin; no spine is present at outer orbital margin produced with two pairs of small lobes, the inner
angle. Four spines on the anterolateral margin develop pair slightly in advance; upper orbital margin subovate;
from obscure to triangular, the fourth narrower than the lateral margins boldly curved, interrupted only by minute
a thin from the fifth widest of third; ‘ridge’ continuing spine par- spine at part carapace; posterior margin nar- embraces the lobe. The tially epibranchial posterolateral row, weakly concave.
margins curve gently to weak coxigeal embayments. The
cervical furrow curves broadly across the midline, turns Derivationof name — The species name means ancient.
sharply out and is sinuous to the margin. Epigastric,
protogastric, hepatic and epibranchial lobes all steep- Description — Carapace rounded pentagonal, wider than
fronted. The protogastric lobes are partially divided ante- long (holotype L/W = 0.82), longitudinally and trans-
riorly. The mesogastric lobe is flask-shaped; its tapering versely flatly arched. The orbitofrontal margin a little
tip does not reach the epigastric lobes. A urogastric lobe less than greatest width of carapace; the projected front
follows the basal curve of the mesogastric lobe and the has two pairs of rounded lobes, the spaces between are
rounded-pentagonal cardiac region is a little wider than weakly concave and the median pair is slightly in ad-
the mesogastric region. vance. Anterolateral margins weakly convex to a minute
spine at the lateral angle. Lateral angle and posterolateral
Discussion — The steep fronts and general disposition of margin broadly rounded, particularly in maturer forms,
the lobes have all the of Caribbean into almost The dor- aspects some Recent a narrow, straight posterior margin.
Panopeus spp. A similar arrangement of lateral spines is sal surface is smooth with a vague outline of the cardiac
seen on P. occidentalis de Saussure, 1857 (presently region probably absorbed by shell thickness.
ranging from Florida to Brazil), but that species lacks the
median frontal notch. An internal cast of Panopeus wro- Discussion — There is a marked resemblance of T.
nai Muller, 1984 (pi. 83, fig. 2), from the Middle Mio- prisca sp. nov. to the Late Miocene T. glaessneri Muller,
of differs in the from which the Duncans be distin- cene (‘Badenian’) Austria, markedly 1976, Trapezia may absence of of in apparent transverse ridges typical Pano- guished having a comparatively straighter, distinctly peus which are prominent on a cast of an external mould four lobed frontal margin, rather than the six lobed mar-
in the of figured same paper (Muller, 1984, pi. 82, figs 3, gin the younger species. The orbitofrontal margin of this 4). In respect, together with general appearance of the early Middle Miocene T. brevispinosa Karasawa,
the internal has much in with from is smoother and lobes, cast common P. 1993, Japan, relatively narrower than that of nanus sp. nov. T. prisca sp. nov. and the anterolateral mar-
gins are convex rather than subparallel. In carapace out-
Measurements — measurements Ab- also resembles Carapace (mm). line, T. prisca sp. nov. closely T. macu-
breviations as above. lata (MacLeay, 1838) (vide Rathbun, 1930, pi. 228),
whose includes the Red Sea and Indo-Pacific range
L W W1 W2 W3 Specimen Ocean. However, T. maculata differs from T. prisca sp.
nov. in having less boldly curved posterolateral margins Holotype (UF 106687)5.0 6.9 2.3* 4.3 2.0 and angles, and in details of the front which in the latter Paratype(UF 73090) 4.4* 6.0 - 4.1 1.8 species more nearly resembles T. cymodoce feruginea. Paratype (UF 106696) 4.2 5.3 2.1 3.7 1.3 There also is a remarkable resemblance of the carapace
outline of T. prisca sp. nov. to that of Quadrella nitida,
Family Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 particularly as illustrated in Hickman & Zimmerman
Genus 1825 in which the Trapezia Latreille, (2000, p. 123), rounded outline is sharply in
contrast with Rathbun’s figures (1930, pi. 229). While
Type species — Trapezia dentifrons Latreille, 1825 (= quadrilobate, the frontal margin of Q. nitida is compara-
Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, 1801)). tively spinose.
The fossil range of Trapezia is now extended from
Range — Lower Miocene to Recent. the lower Middle Miocene, while the present range of
North American species is confined to the central Pacific
region. Muller (1984) stated that modem Trapezia spp.
commensal with Trapezia prisca sp. nov. are seriatoporid (= pocilloporid) corals
Figure 2/6 (Garth, 1974), which (with the exception of Madracis)
no longer occur in the Caribbean. This may explain the
Material — Holotype, carapace UF 73097; paratypes, absence of Trapezia from the region today.
UF 73088, UF UF UF carapaces 73091, 106701,
106767, UF 106774, UF 111484, UF 111485 and UF Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab-
111486. breviations as above. - 122 -
L W W1 W2 W3 Specimen bounded by a ridge formed by 1R and 2R on the meta-
branchial lobe.
Holotype (UF 73097) 6.5 7.9 3.9 7.0 3.3
Paratype (UF 73088) 4.4 5.4 2.4 4.7 1.9 Discussion — Both Actaea de Haan, 1833, and Medae- Paratype(UF 73091) 4.4 5.3 2.6 4.7 1.6 ops Guinot, 1967, are established genera in the Miocene
of Japan and/or Tethys, but only Actaea is represented in
the extant fauna of Jamaica (Rathbun, 1930). The sub- Family Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838 outline of this Genus hexagonal carapace new genus, Actaeops, Actaeops gen. nov. more closely approaches that of Medaeops, from which it is immediately distinguished by the greater width of Type species — Actaeops frontalis gen. et sp. nov. the orbitofrontal margin and elongated orbital margin. The frontal lobation of the new genus complies more or Diagnosis — Carapace subhexagonal with broad, orbito- less with that of both and but the lat- frontal Medaeops Actaea, margin, produced frontal margin and oblique or-
ter differs in having a more circular and nar- bits. Dorsal surface strongly areolated. carapace rower orbitofrontal margin.
Derivation of name — Indicating characters in common
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab- with Actaea and Medaeops. breviations as above.
Range — Lower Miocene. Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
Holotype (UF 106750) 3.0 3.7 1.7 2,4 1.0 Actaeops frontalis sp. nov. Figure 2/7
Genus ChlorodiellaRathbun, 1894 — Material Holotype, and sole specimen known, is
UF 106750. carapace Type species — Cancer niger Forskal, 1775, by original designation.
Diagnosis — As for genus.
Range — Lower Miocene to Recent.
Derivation ofname — Indicating a wide front.
Description — in mod- Carapace subhexagonal outline; Chlorodiellaoccidentalis sp. nov. erately arched in longitudinal and transverse sections; Figure 2/8 wider than long (holotype LAV = 0.81), widest about
midlength. The orbitofrontal margin occupies almost Material - left half of Holotype, carapace UF 80472; 65% of the of which the carapace width, produced front, paratypes, carapaces UF 80460, UF 68340 and UF occupying nearly two-thirds, is almost straight with a 68423. minute median notch and a notch leading to a groove bounding a thick, oblique upper orbital margin. Outer Diagnosis — Carapace rounded ovate, four subdued orbital rounded into anterolateral angle a concave margin marginal lobes; steep-fronted ridges running parallel to with blunt node. a The posterolateral margins curve anterolateral margin. broadly into a narrow, concave posterior margin. The
cervical furrow the midline in its Derivation — the first known crosses posterior third, of name Denoting western turns forwards to the then fossil of the sharply mesogastric angle, species genus. obliquely out to junction with deep hepatic furrows and
to the The lobes — curves smoothly margin. are well- Description Carapace transversely ovate, length less
definedand subdivided lobation = (after Dana, 1852, vide than two-thirds of width (holotype L/W 0.63), widest
Rathbun, 1930, p. 6) indicates a narrow IF, 2F and 1M about mid-carapace length; weakly arched longitudi- increase in 2M length; (of protogastric) is further divided nally, transversely nearly flat. The front (not well- longitudinally. The lobe is mesogastric (3M) broadly preserved) takes up the median third? of the orbitofrontal
ovate and its anterior to the base of 1M. which than of process tapers margin occupies slightly more 75% the
The has two the median clefted width. median sulcus divides hepatic region (L) lobes, carapace A round tip of a anteriorly. Two lobes narrow, depressed urogastric (4M) long, narrow anteromesogastric process. Elongate, ovate are attenuated laterally and the heart-shaped cardiac re- orbits set to the orbital slightly obliquely front; upper is divided. Paired intestinal without notches and bounded gion (IP) longitudinally margin thin, raised, by a lobes close the There is (2P) lay to posterior margin. a narrow depression. No spine at outer orbital angle; short
lobule next rectangular to 2F and 1M, and the area occu- anterolateral margins have two suppressed spines, the 1L and 3L is anterior pied by depressed. Just to the lat- second the more conspicuous. From a blunt spine at the eral angle more-or-less sized 4L and 5L lateral equal are angle, a steep-fronted ridge bounding the margin - 123 -
thickens the lead to weak notch in round opposite marginal spines; following a gap a terminating a groove
caused by the hepatic furrow, the ridge is continued by thickened, oblique upper orbital margins. There is a fis-
steep-fronted epigastric lobes. Anterior to the ‘gap’ is a sure before the sharp outer orbital angle and another
Anterolateral steep-fronted angular ‘ridge’. From a basal scar of a shortly median to it; orbits ovate. margins
(possibly) similar spine behind that at the lateral angle, a are well-rounded with three blunt, triangular spines; a
lower, short ridge runs parallel to the lateral one. Weakly weak ridge from the third spine bounds the epibranchial
sinuous posterolateral margins lead to rounded posterior lobe. The posterolateral margins converge almost
angle and anarrow concave posterior margin. straight to narrowly rounded posterior angles, posterior
margin is slightly concave. Dorsal lobes are well-
Discussion — Among fossil species ascribed to Chloro- defined. The cervical furrow, almost straight across the
occidentalis with then outwards the diella, C. sp. nov. compares favourably midline, turns sharply forward, to
the relatively small C. juglans Muller, 1984 (Upper Mio- margin. Equally strong hepatic furrows reach the orbital
the the of the to cene, Hungary). However, ‘ridge’ bounding mar- margin. Tip anteromesogastric process tapers
gin is more tumid, interrupted also by the cervical fur- base of steep-fronted epigastric lobes; the protogastric
and the transverse of the lobes front of inner lobe tu- row, approaching appearance are deeply divided, weakly
contemporary C. mediterranea (Lorenthey in Lorenthey mid, front of outer lobe not quite so steep as epigastric
& Beurlen, 1929), but there remains the typical distinct lobes. A large, triangular hepatic lobe is bilobed anteri-
depression before the margin. Chlorodiella occidentalis orly, and the flask-shaped mesogastric lobe is divided
sp. nov. differs from the Recent C. longimana (H. Milne medially and from its anterior process. A narrow uro- Edwards, 1834), presently ranging from Florida and the gastric lobe is distinctly defined from the heart-shaped
West Indies to Curasao and across to West Africa cardiac region that has three tubercles in an inverted tri-
in less mesobranchial divided medi- (Rathbun, 1930), having a angular carapace out- angle. Large lobes, deeply
line less in line with have small extension the and ridges extending more or an- ally, a between urogastric and
terolateral margin curvature, rather than transverse as in cardiac regions. The depressed base of the metabranchial
C. longimana. lobes is bounded by a narrow intestinal ridge. Minute,
even-sized granules crown the lobes.
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab-
breviations as above. Discussion — The general characters of L. granulatus
sp. nov. are consistent with other species of this rela-
L W W1 W2 W3 Specimen tively common Caribbean genus. However, a distin- guishing feature is the granulated surface that could well
Holotype (UF 80472) 5.5* 8.8* . 7.0* 2.3 be obscured by shell thickness. Leptodius morrisi Kara-
Paratype (UF 68340) - 11.0 - - 2.6 sawa, 1993, from the lower Middle Miocene of Japan, is
readily distinguished by five anterolateral spines and a
trilobedprotogastric lobe. crosnieri Genus Leptodius A. Milne Edwards, 1863 Leptodius Karasawa,
1993, from the same horizon and location in Japan, dif-
fers in having a long, but weakly defied protogastric Type species — Chlorodius exaractus H. Milne Ed- lobe and smooth dorsal surface. Both wards, 1834, by original designation. a Japanese species
are coral-associated forms.
Range — Lower Miocene to Recent.
Measurements — Carapace measurements (mm). Ab-
breviations as above.
Leptodius granulatus sp. nov. Figure 2/9 Specimen L W W1 W2 W3
Holotype (UF 103968)7.7 10.8 3.9 6.6 3.9 Material — Holotype, UF 103968; paratype, carapace Paratype (UF 68434) 11.9* 18.0* - 9.9 -
carapace UF68434.
Diagnosis — Front slightly advanced, protogastric lobes Acknowledgments deeply divided; lobes granulate.
RWP is particularly grateful to Kevin Schindler (Lowell
Derivation of name — With reference to its granulated Observatory, Arizona, formerly of the FLMNH) for his
lobes. of assistance while fossils in many years collecting Ja- maica. Jon Bryan (Okaloosa-Walton Community Col-
Description — Carapace weakly arched in longitudinal lege, Florida), Craig Oyen (Shippensberg University,
and transverse sections, wider than long (holotype L/W Pennsylvania), Barbara and Reed Toomey (Gainesville,
= 0.71). The orbitofrontal margin is slightly produced Florida), James Toomey (Bradenton, Florida), and
beyond curvature of anterolateral margins; the front has Douglas Jones, George Hecht and Joan Hererra (all
a narrow U-shaped median notch, slightly concave sides FLMNH) aided with fossil collecting at the Duncans - 124-
Hecht and Green Quarry. George Jeremy (both FLMNH) Donovan, S.K. & Portell, R.W. 1995, Further Tertiary cepha- with fossil lopods from Jamaica. Journal helped photography and preparation, respec- of Paleontology 69, 588-
590. tively. Financial support for fieldwork and the produc- S.K. tion of this Donovan, & Portell, R.W. 2000. Incipient ‘crystal apples’ paper was provided by Barbara and Reed from the Miocene of Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Sci- Toomey, the McGinty Endowment at the FLMNH, and ence 36, 168-170. National Geographic Grants 5116-93, 5327-94, and Forskal, P. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Am- 5562-95 to Daryl Domning and co-workers. Special phibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium, 19 + xxxii + thanks go to Stephen Donovan (Nationaal Natuurhis- 164 pp. Hafhiae. torisch who Museum, Leiden), provided much encour- J.S. 1974. On the Garth, occurrence in the eastern tropical Pa- for of this and Sten agement completion project, to Ja- cific of Indo-West Pacific decapod crustaceans commen-
d kobsen (Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen) sal with reef-building corals. Proceedings of the T Inter- nationalCoral and Hiroaki Karasawa (Mizunami Fossil Museum) for Reef Symposium, Brisbane 1, 397-404. Guerin-Meneville, F.E. 1829-1844. Iconographie du Regne their critical reviews of the manuscript. This is Univer- Animal de G. Cuvier 450 22 , pis [Crustacea: Livraison sity of Florida Contributionto Paleobiology 523. (1832), 36 pis, 48 pp.], Paris.
Guinot, D. 1967. La faune carcinologique (Crustacea Brachy-
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