AUSTRALIAN CITRUS TREE CENSUS 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is an outcome of project CT18002 and has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using the citrus industry levy and funds from the Australian Government.
2 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA INTRODUCTION
The Australian citrus industry is one of Australia’s largest horticulture industries, Survey Scope with commercial production in five States 27,963 and one territory. hectares in 2020 CTC* It is estimated that an additional 3,000 The citrus industry is one of Australia’s largest fresh produce hectares are not represented in this report. exporters, with export volumes increasing from 158,000 tonnes in 2014 to over 250,000 tonnes in 2020. While the industry’s 783 size and output is significant in Australia, it comprises less business/trading names than 3 per cent of global production and is one of the highest captured cost producers in the world, relying on its reputation for quality and safety to command premium prices in high paying export Method markets. Citrus growers across Australia were contacted by phone or email to complete The Citrus Tree Census (CTC) is an online database developed an online tree survey. by Citrus Australia to collect national production statistics about The canopy hectares were calculated variety, rootstock, tree age and hectares planted. using the tree, row spacing and number of trees. Previous industry surveys have used This information is essential for: mapping or grower derived estimates to determine production hectares. We point • informing industry on national and regional plantings out here that canopy hectares account for the hectares under production, and do not • guiding growers when choosing which varieties to plant, include headlands, laneways and other • assisting the citrus supply chain with packing and logistics, farm land. investment decisions and There are limits to the data collection including: • directing market development and research needs. • new entrants to the industry unknown The following pages provide an overview of the Citrus Tree to Citrus Australia, Census data collected and some of the key findings. For any • the voluntary nature of the survey and further information, please contact: • for privacy reasons, some growers did not contribute or may have under reported. Mara Milner Citrus Quality & Market Information Officer Citrus Australia Ltd Email: [email protected] Phone: + 61 499 994 592
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 3 NATIONAL OVERVIEW INDUSTRY SIZE
Katherine Darwin
Kunnunurra
Far North Queensland
Emerald
QUEENSLAND
28,000 ha Northern NSW HECTARES PLANTED
WESTERN RIVERINA AUSTRALIA From the 2014 Citrus Tree RIVERLAND Census the area planted captured has increased MURRAY VALLEY by 25%
MAJOR PRODUCTION REGION OTHER PRODUCTION REGION CAPITAL CITY
8,510 (30%) 5,714 5,703 5,518 (21%) (20%) (20%) 1,505 1,014 (5%) (4%)
MURRAY QUEENSLAND RIVERINA RIVERLAND WESTERN OTHER VALLEY AUSTRALIA NATIONAL AREA (ha) AND PERCENTAGE BY REGION 2020
4 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA NATIONAL TREE AGE DISTRIBUTION
10% 19% DECLIINE NON-BEARING (40+ years) (0-4 years)
28,000 ha 49% 22% MATURE ENTERING (13-39 years) PRODUCTION (5-12 years)
BEARING AND NON-BEARING HECTARES PER REGION
MURRAY WESTERN QUEENSLAND RIVERINA RIVERLAND OTHER VALLEY AUSTRALIA CAPITAL CITY
BEARING (5+ years)
TOTAL: 22,552 ha 4,495 ha 3,803 ha 7,347 ha 4,632 ha 974 ha 1,301 ha
NON-BEARING (0-4 Years)
TOTAL: 5,411 ha 1,219 ha 1,900 ha 1,163 ha 886 ha 40 ha 204 ha
TREETREE CENSUSCENSUS 20202019 | 5 CITRUS CATEGORIES
ORANGES* MANDARIN LEMON & LIME GRAPEFRUIT & TANGELO & PUMMELO
62% 28% 8% 1% OF NATIONAL OF NATIONAL OF NATIONAL OF NATIONAL HECTARES HECTARES HECTARES HECTARES 17,469 ha 7,767 ha 2,337 ha 392 ha 2014 - 69% (15,307 ha) 2014 - 24% (5,451 ha) 2014 - 6% (1,268 ha) 2014 - 1% (268 ha)
LARGEST LARGEST LARGEST LARGEST PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION REGION REGION REGION REGION RIVERINA QUEENSLAND QUEENSLAND RIVERINA 7,764 ha 4,102 ha 1,360 ha 109 ha 2014 - 6,522 ha 2014 - 2,058 ha 2014 - 683 ha 2014 - 79 ha
*Orange category is made up of 63% Navel oranges and 37% Valencia and Common types
6 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA CATEGORIES PRODUCED BY REGION
MURRAY VALLEY 65% 24% 6% 4% 1% NAVEL MANDARIN VALENCIA & LEMON & LIME OTHER COMMON TYPES
QUEENSLAND 72% 24% 2% 1% 1% MANDARIN LEMON & LIME NAVEL VALENCIA & OTHER COMMON TYPES
RIVERINA 50% 42% 5% 2% 1% VALENCIA & NAVEL MANDARIN LEMON & LIME OTHER COMMON TYPES
RIVERLAND 50% 26% 18% 5% 1% NAVEL MANDARIN VALENCIA & LEMON & LIME OTHER COMMON TYPES
WESTERN AUSTRALIA 49% 29% 15% 5% 2% NAVEL MANDARIN VALENCIA & LEMON & LIME OTHER COMMON TYPES
OTHER 44% 31% 16% 6% 3% VALENCIA & NAVEL LEMON & LIME MANDARIN OTHER COMMON TYPES
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 7 ORANGES
LARGEST GROWING REGIONS
OF NAVELS GROWN IN OF VALENCIA & COMMON 90% MURRAY VALLEY, 66% TYPE ORANGES GROWN RIVERLAND & RIVERINA IN RIVERINA 2014 - 91% 2014 - 61%
TOTAL PLANTED NATIONALLY TREE AGE DISTRIBUTION (%)* NAVELS *Includes both navel and juicing oranges 11,074 ha 2014 - 8,697 ha
VALENCIA & COMMON TYPES (0–4 years) (5-12 years) (13-39 years) (40+ years) 6,395 ha 12% 15% 65% 8% Non-bearing Entering Production Mature Decline 2014 - 6,610 ha
AUSTRALIA’S ORANGE VARIETIES PLANTED AREA (%)
12% EARLY SEASON NAVEL 6% RED FLESH NAVEL 1% NAVEL UNSPECIFIED
LARGEST 16% MID SEASON NAVEL 17,469 ha ORANGE CATEGORY: TOTAL ORANGES 37% VALENCIA & PLANTED COMMON TYPES 6,395 ha 29% LATE NAVEL
8 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA IN 2020 57% (3,650ha) OF VALENCIA & COMMON TYPES WERE OLDER THAN 21 YEARS
ORANGE CATEGORY HECTARES BY REGION
VALENCIA EARLY MID LATE RED NAVEL & COMMON SEASON SEASON SEASON FLESH UNSPECIFIED TYPES NAVEL REGIONAL (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) TOTAL TOTAL
MURRAY 834 591 1,912 366 6 360 3,709 4,069 VALLEY
QUEENSLAND 23 78 3 12 2 53 118 171
RIVERINA 462 1,117 1,482 362 107 4,233 3,530 7,763
RIVERLAND 549 713 1,282 185 34 942 2,763 3,705
WESTERN 106 150 205 31 - 149 492 641 AUSTRALIA
OTHER 72 133 191 53 16 658 465 1,123
NATIONAL 2,046 2,782 5,075 1,009 165 6,395 11,074 17,469 TOTAL
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 9 MANDARINS
LARGEST GROWING REGIONS
OF MANDARINS OF MANDARINS GROWN IN GROWN IN 53% QUEENSLAND 19% RIVERLAND 56% - 2014 22% - 2014
TOTAL PLANTED TREE AGE DISTRIBUTION (%) NATIONALLY 7,767 ha 2014 - 5,451 ha
(0–4 years) (5-12 years) (13-39 years) (40+ years) 31% 36% 32% 1% Non-bearing Entering Production Mature Decline
AUSTRALIA’S MANDARIN VARIETIES PLANTED AREA (%)
21% IMPERIAL2 LARGEST MANDARIN CATEGORY: 32% AFOURER1 7,767 ha TOTAL HECTARES PLANTED 26% MURCOTT 3 4 21% OTHER (low seeded contributes 5%)
1Afourer includes Amorette & Tango. 2 Imperial includes Goldup & Avana. 3 Murcott includes low-seeded. 4 Other includes Tangelo & 29 varieties.
10 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA AFOURER MANDARINS ARE THE LARGEST GROWTH CATEGORY with 1,055 hectares of plantings aged between 0-4 years
MANDARIN CATEGORY HECTARES BY REGION
AFOURER1 IMPERIAL2 MURCOTT3 OTHER4 REGIONAL (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) TOTAL
MURRAY 822 318 4 220 1,364 VALLEY
QUEENSLAND 556 850 1,928 768 4,102
RIVERINA 269 74 5 109 457
RIVERLAND 624 339 104 392 1,459
WESTERN 133 66 1 98 298 AUSTRALIA
OTHER 44 11 2 33 90
NATIONAL 2,448 1,658 2,044 1,620 7,767 TOTAL 26% MURCOTT 3 (low seeded contributes 5%) 1Afourer includes Amorette & Tango. 2 Imperial includes Goldup & Avana. 3 Murcott includes low-seeded. 4 Other includes Tengelo & 29 varieties.
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 11 LEMON & LIME
LARGEST GROWING REGIONS
OF LEMONS AND OF LEMONS AND LIMES LIMES GROWN IN GROWN IN MURRAY 58% QUEENSLAND 22% VALLEY & RIVERLAND 53% - 2014 26% - 2014
TOTAL PLANTED NATIONALLY TREE AGE DISTRIBUTION (%) LEMONS 1,742 ha 2014 - 1,011 ha
LIMES (0–4 years) (5-12 years) (13-39 years) (40+ years) 595 ha 29% 33% 35% 3% 2014 - 257 ha Non-bearing Entering Production Mature Decline
AUSTRALIA’S LEMON AND LIME PLANTED AREA (%)
2,337 ha 74% TOTAL TOTAL LEMONS HECTARES 42% PLANTED (SEEDLESS 732 ha OF LEMON CONTRIBUTES 28%) PLANTINGS IN 2020 were 10 years old or less compared 26% LIMES to 430 ha in 2014
12 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA From the 2014 Citrus Tree Census planted area of lemons captured has INCREASED 72% FROM 1,011 ha to 1,742 ha.
LEMON & LIME CATEGORY HECTARES BY REGION
SEEDLESS LEMON REGIONAL LEMONS LEMONS LIMES TOTAL TOTAL (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha)
MURRAY 149 63 5 212 217 VALLEY
QUEENSLAND 491 334 535 825 1,360
RIVERINA 142 37 1 179 180
RIVERLAND 146 109 32 255 287
WESTERN 27 18 10 45 55 AUSTRALIA
OTHER 142 83 12 225 237
NATIONAL 1,097 644 595 1,742 2,337 TOTAL
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 13 GRAPEFRUIT, PUMMELO & CITRON
LARGEST GROWING REGIONS
OF GRAPEFRUIT, OF GRAPEFRUIT, PUMELLO & CITRON PUMELLO & CITRON GROWN IN GROWN IN 28% RIVERINA 17% MURRAY VALLEY 29% - 2014 22% - 2014
TREE AGE DISTRIBUTION (%) TOTAL PLANTED NATIONALLY 392 ha 2014 - 268 ha (0–4 years) (5-12 years) (13-39 years) (40+ years) 31% 17% 45% 7% Non-bearing Entering Production Mature Decline
AUSTRALIA’S GRAPEFRUIT, PUMMELO AND CITRON PLANTED AREA (%)
1% CITRON
3% PUMMELO 77% RED GRAPEFRUIT 392 ha TOTAL HECTARES 51% PLANTED 154 ha OF RED GRAPEFRUIT PLANTINGS IN 2020 19% WHITE were 10 years old or less compared GRAPEFRUIT to 100 ha in 2014
14 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA GRAPEFRUIT, PUMMELO & CITRON CATEGORY HECTARES BY REGION
RED WHITE REGIONAL GRAPEFRUIT GRAPEFRUIT PUMMELO CITRON TOTAL (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha)
MURRAY 51 11 4 <1 67 VALLEY
QUEENSLAND 56 7 8 - 71
RIVERINA 92 18 - - 110
RIVERLAND 58 7 2 <1 67
WESTERN 21 - - <1 21 AUSTRALIA
OTHER 24 32 - <1 56
NATIONAL 302 75 14 <1 392 TOTAL
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 15 NATIONAL VARIETY LIST
CATEGORY SUB CATEGORY VARIETY NON-BEARING BEARING TOTAL %
NAVEL NAVEL EARLY SEASON Atwood 46.65 69.87 116.52 0% Biggs Leng 1.91 1.91 0% Early Navel Unspecified 19.16 19.16 0% Fisher 84.41 47.21 131.62 0% Golden Nugget 0.52 0.52 0% Hammet 1.13 1.13 0% Leng 51.31 381.63 432.94 2% M7 Navel 163.97 239.76 403.73 1% Navelina 17.02 742.87 759.89 3% Newhall 0.54 48.36 48.90 0% Nucellar Leng (Lloyd Leng) 10.78 10.78 0% Pasin 13.41 13.41 0% Pollock Early 4.51 4.51 0% Ryan 1.65 53.57 55.22 0% Thomson 26.36 26.36 0% Whitely 5.90 5.90 0% Winter Navel 1.11 11.02 12.13 0%
366.66 1,677.97 2,044.63 7%
NAVEL NAVEL MID SEASON Bellamy 1.38 1.38 0% Cellaline 0.08 0.08 0% Dolci 24.04 11.43 35.47 0% Fukumoto (off-type) 16.41 16.41 0% Hockney 32.88 8.51 41.39 0% Langdon 4.90 4.90 0% Navelate 2.70 1.96 4.66 0% Palmer 11.77 11.77 0% Palmer (off-type) 1.28 1.28 0% Sun Smooth 1.26 1.26 0% Washington 312.43 2,350.48 2,662.91 10%
383.82 2,397.69 2,781.51 10%
NAVEL NAVEL LATE SEASON Autumn Gold (Pollock Late) 8.10 121.36 129.46 0% Barnfield 17.77 324.98 342.75 1% Chislett 45.84 577.51 623.35 2% Clark (Doug Clark) 35.17 35.17 0% Hutton 7.07 35.82 42.89 0% Late Lane 187.79 2,765.88 2,953.67 11% Late Navel Unspecified 10.26 99.32 109.58 0% Powell 68.54 169.53 238.07 1% Rohde 50.88 74.87 125.75 0% Scopelliti 1.58 1.58 0% Summer Gold (Marrows) 7.97 195.27 203.24 1% Summer Navel Unspecified 14.13 206.92 221.05 1% Toc 21.11 21.11 0% Toomey 3.46 3.46 0%
16 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA CATEGORY SUB CATEGORY VARIETY NON-BEARING BEARING TOTAL %
Wiffen 5.05 5.05 0% Wilson 17.51 17.51 0%
418.35 4,655.34 5,073.69 18%
NAVEL NAVEL RED FLESH Cara Cara (Red Navel) 507.79 339.67 847.46 3% Kirkwood Red 123.59 11.93 135.52 0% Rosey Red 1.66 24.17 25.83 0%
633.04 375.77 1,008.81 4%
NAVEL NAVEL Navel Unspecified 6.90 158.47 165.37 1% 6.90 158.47 165.37 1%
ORANGE MISC. BLOOD ORANGE Arnold (Moro) 8.21 62.47 70.68 0% Blood Orange Unspecified 71.22 40.05 111.27 0% Maltese 0.26 0.26 0% Tarocco 24.43 13.37 37.80 0%
103.86 116.15 220.01 1%
ORANGE MISC. SWEET ORANGE Acidless (Non Acid) 0.56 0.56 0% Common Orange 2.27 21.63 23.90 0% Hamlin 224.44 224.44 1% Honey Ball 10.74 10.74 0% Lima acidless 7.28 7.28 0% Parson Brown 27.78 27.78 0% Pera (Bianchi, Limeira) 13.61 13.61 0% Pineapple 33.19 33.19 0% Salustiana 4.24 335.00 339.24 1% Seleta (Siletta) 0.21 0.21 0%
6.51 674.44 680.95 2%
ORANGE MISC. SOUR Seville 11.51 11.51 0% - 11.51 11.51 0%
ORANGE MISC. ORANGE Orange Unspecified 0.93 6.01 6.94 0% 0.93 6.01 6.94 0%
VALENCIA Benyenda 28.05 35.46 63.51 0% Berri 8.25 8.25 0% Casey 5.45 5.45 0% Keenan 55.34 125.95 181.29 1% Newton 7.77 7.77 0% Pecta 1.69 1.69 0% Smith Red 4.04 4.04 0% Valencia 77.21 4,371.78 4,448.99 16% Valencia Late 0.40 56.43 56.83 0%
161.00 4,616.82 4,777.82 17%
VALENCIA SEEDLESS VALENCIA Delta 12.69 126.70 139.39 0% McMahon 38.48 142.34 180.82 1%
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 17 CATEGORY SUB CATEGORY VARIETY NON-BEARING BEARING TOTAL %
Midknight 42.71 91.29 134.00 0% Valencia Seedless 53.62 189.62 243.24 1%
147.50 549.95 697.45 2%
MANDARIN MANDARIN EARLY SEASON Amigo 20.46 51.08 71.54 0% Clementine 2.36 2.36 0% Clementine (Nules, de Nules) 0.23 99.83 100.06 0% Clementine Caffin 3.56 0.81 4.37 0% Fewtrell (Feutrell) 0.42 0.42 0% Fremont 12.40 32.13 44.53 0% Goldup Imperial 14.00 14.00 0% Imperial 72.99 1,507.95 1,580.94 6% Nova (Suntina) 1.58 26.54 28.12 0% Satsuma 4.60 6.93 11.53 0% Satsuma Miho Wase 1.01 8.41 9.42 0% Satsuma Okitsu Wase 9.25 29.21 38.46 0%
126.08 1,779.67 1,905.75 7%
MANDARIN MANDARIN MID SEASON Afourer 774.21 1,315.36 2,089.57 7% Avana late (Tardivo) 11.63 51.56 63.19 0% Daisy 128.27 105.28 233.55 1% Dancy Tangerine 0.01 0.01 0% Dekopon (Sumo CitrusTM) 12.64 104.69 117.33 0% Ellendale 17.29 17.29 0% Empress 6.91 33.65 40.56 0% Gold Nugget 48.66 32.14 80.80 0% Hickson 0.07 76.00 76.07 0% Nectar 9.48 9.48 0% Orri 11.59 17.27 28.86 0% Phoenix 254.80 197.42 452.22 2% Tango 280.35 76.68 357.03 1% Taylor Lee 25.61 25.61 0%
1,529.13 2,062.44 3,591.57 13%
MANDARIN MANDARIN LATE SEASON Emperor 0.08 1.51 1.59 0% Murcott 369.67 722.56 1,092.23 4% Murcott Honey 204.36 387.92 592.28 2% Murcott Low Seeded 116.18 241.82 358.00 1% Mystique Ortanique 7.71 7.71 0% Summerina 6.53 16.36 22.89 0% Topaz Ortanique 15.04 15.04 0%
696.82 1,392.92 2,089.74 7%
MANDARIN MANDARIN Mandarin Unspecified 34.96 27.01 61.97 0% 34.96 27.01 61.97 0%
TANGELO Minneola 0.54 105.66 106.20 0% Seminole 0.07 0.07 0% Tangelo Unspecified 0.23 11.26 11.49 0%
0.77 116.99 117.76 0%
18 | CITRUS AUSTRALIA CATEGORY SUB CATEGORY VARIETY NON-BEARING BEARING TOTAL %
LEMON Eureka 129.12 606.89 736.01 3% Eureka Seedless 357.71 240.65 598.36 2% Fino 7.56 7.56 0% Lambert Eureka 2.50 2.50 0% Lemon Unspecified 21.33 67.32 88.65 0% Lemonade 0.16 0.97 1.13 0% Limoniera 1.03 1.89 2.92 0% Lisbon 38.39 206.24 244.63 1% Meyer 0.31 0.31 0% Seedless Lemon 39.66 6.04 45.70 0% Verna 13.84 13.84 0% Villafranca (Francovielo) 0.30 0.30 0%
587.40 1,154.51 1,741.91 6%
LIME Finger 1.36 1.36 0% Kaffir 1.22 3.38 4.60 0% Lime Unspecified 4.81 24.24 29.05 0% Tahitian (Persian) 79.65 479.35 559.00 2% West Indian (Mexican) 0.04 0.04 0%
85.68 508.37 594.05 2%
GRAPEFRUIT GRAPEFRUIT RED FLESH Flame 14.38 14.38 0% Ray Ruby 6.89 6.89 0% Rio Red (Rio Star) 16.51 28.41 44.92 0% Ruby (Red,Pink,Redblush) 13.07 30.19 43.26 0% Star Ruby (Sunrise) 86.95 105.50 192.45 1%
116.53 185.37 301.90 1%
GRAPEFRUIT GRAPEFRUIT WHITE FLESH Eagle 1.59 1.59 0% Grapefruit White Unspecified 8.69 8.69 0% Marsh 2.34 55.39 57.73 0% Oroblanco 0.04 0.04 0% Poorman 0.14 0.14 0% Thompson 6.82 6.82 0%
2.34 72.67 75.01 0%
PUMMELO Pomelit (Pomelette) 1.02 1.02 0% Pummelo Unspecified 2.50 10.90 13.40 0%
2.50 11.92 14.42 0%
CITRON Buddha's Hand 0.25 0.37 0.62 0% 0.25 0.37 0.62 0% TOTAL 5,411.03 22,552.36 27,963.39 100%
TREE CENSUS 2020 | 19 www.citrusaustralia.com.au