Hugh S. Lacy, PE, Partner Anthony DeVito, PE, Associate Athena C. De Nivo, PE, Geotechnical Engineer
MueserMueser RutledgeRutledge ConsultingConsulting EngineersEngineers ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Polytechnic Dibner Auditorium March 30-31, 2009 StormStorm SurgeSurge BarriersBarriers GeotechnicalGeotechnical AspectsAspects 99SoilSoil typetype andand strengthstrength 99ErodabilityErodability OtherOther RelatedRelated FactorsFactors 99WaterWater depthdepth 99SedimentationSedimentation fromfrom restrictedrestricted crosscross sectionsection 99RestrictionRestriction ofof vesselvessel traveltravel 99ImpactImpact onon fishfish migrationmigration 99ImpactImpact ofof landland portionsportions onon existingexisting neighborhoodsneighborhoods ••StreetsStreets ••BuildingsBuildings 99EstheticsEsthetics 99AreasAreas outsideoutside ofof barrierbarrier Proposed Barrier Locations
LONG ISLAND SOUND
THE NARROWS ARTHUR KILL
The 100-year flood at present Mean Sea Level (from Gornitz, 2001) The Narrows Storm Surge Barrier Plan
278
SURFACE CONTOUR ELEVATION (MSL)
278
POSSIBLE BARRIER LOCATION
WATER DEPTH below MLLW (Typ) Long Island Sound Storm Surge Barrier Plan
WATER DEPTH below MLLW (Typ) 678 295
POSSIBLE BARRIER LOCATION
SURFACE CONTOUR ELEVATION (MSL) Arthur Kill Storm Surge Barrier Plan
30
18
20 18 30
12 35 26 5
6 23 2
SURFACE CONTOUR ELEVATION (MSL) WATER DEPTH below MLLW (Typ) POSSIBLE BARRIER LOCATION GeologyGeology ofof NYNY AreaArea RecentRecent DepositDeposit 99RiverRiver silts,silts, sandssands andand claysclays 99MarshMarsh soilssoils (Organic(Organic Deposits)Deposits) PleistocenePleistocene DepositsDeposits ofof Sand,Sand, SiltsSilts andand ClaysClays 99GlacialGlacial outwashoutwash depositsdeposits 99GlacialGlacial TillTill CretaceousCretaceous CoastalCoastal PlainPlain SedimentsSediments 99LloydLloyd SandSand 99RaritanRaritan ClayClay Quaternary
Surficial Map of New York City and the Eastern Part of New Jersey SoilSoil ConditionsConditions Verrazano-NarrowsVerrazano-Narrows BridgeBridge BrooklynBrooklyn 99GlacialGlacial TillTill 99PleistoscenePleistoscene SandSand andand GravelGravel 99GardinersGardiners ClayClay 99LloydLloyd SandSand 99RaritanRaritan ClayClay 99DecomposedDecomposed RockRock 99BedrockBedrock SoilSoil ConditionsConditions Verrazano-NarrowsVerrazano-Narrows BridgeBridge StatenStaten IslandIsland 99FillFill 99GlacialGlacial TillTill 99PleistoscenePleistoscene SandSand andand GravelGravel 99GardinersGardiners ClayClay 99LloydLloyd SandSand 99BedrockBedrock The Narrows Geologic Section Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
STATEN STATEN BROOKLYN ISLAND ANCHORAGE ANCHORAGE ANCHORAGE +100 STATEN BROOKLYN FILL ISLAND TOWER TOWER TILL
MSL 0 MSL TILL HARBOR BOTTOM (Typ)
-100 PLEISTOCENE SAND & GRAVEL
GARDINERS CLAY
-200 LLOYD SAND RARITAN CLAY
DECOMPOSED ROCK
-300 BEDROCK SoilSoil ConditionsConditions ThrogsThrogs NeckNeck BridgeBridge QueensQueens 99GlacialGlacial DepositsDeposits 99RaritanRaritan ClayClay 99LloydLloyd SandSand 99Decomposed/WeatheredDecomposed/Weathered RockRock SoilSoil ConditionsConditions ThrogsThrogs NeckNeck BridgeBridge BronxBronx 99GlacialGlacial DepositsDeposits 99LloydLloyd SandSand 99Decomposed/WeatheredDecomposed/Weathered RockRock 99BedrockBedrock Long Island Sound Geologic Section Throgs Neck Bridge BRONX QUEENS TOWER TOWER BRONX QUEENS ANCHORAGE ANCHORAGE MSL 0
PLEISTOCENE SAND & GRAVEL
GLACIAL TILL
-100 RIVER DEPOSIT (ORGANICS) RARITAN CLAY
LLOYD SAND
-200 BEDROCK DECOMPOSED ROCK SoilSoil ConditionsConditions WhitestoneWhitestone BridgeBridge BronxBronx 99RiverRiver depositdeposit (sand)(sand) 99GlacialGlacial TillTill 99BedrockBedrock QueensQueens 99RiverRiver depositdeposit (organic(organic silt,silt, clayclay andand peat)peat) 99GlacialGlacial TillTill 99Decomposed/WeatheredDecomposed/Weathered RockRock 99BedrockBedrock Long Island Sound Geologic Section Whitestone Bridge - Bronx
0 MSL
RIVER DEPOSIT (GRANULAR)
GLACIAL TILL
CLAY
GLACIAL TILL
-100 BEDROCK Long Island Sound Geologic Section Whitestone Bridge - Queens
0 MSL
RIVER DEPOSIT (ORGANICS)
-100
GLACIAL TILL
DECOMPOSED ROCK
BEDROCK
-200 SoilSoil ConditionsConditions OuterbridgeOuterbridge StatenStaten IslandIsland 99PleistoscenePleistoscene SandSand andand GravelGravel 99RaritanRaritan ClayClay NewNew JerseyJersey 99RiverRiver depositdeposit (organic)(organic) 99PleistoscenePleistoscene SandSand andand GravelGravel 99RaritanRaritan ClayClay Arthur Kill Geologic Section Outerbridge Crossing
0 MSL
RIVER DEPOSIT (ORGANICS)
PLEISTOSCENE SAND & GRAVEL
-100 RARITAN CLAY The Narrows Storm Surge Barrier Plan
278
SURFACE CONTOUR ELEVATION (MSL)
278
POSSIBLE BARRIER LOCATION
WATER DEPTH below MLLW (Typ) Long Island Sound Storm Surge Barrier Plan
WATER DEPTH below MLLW (Typ) 678 295
POSSIBLE BARRIER LOCATION
SURFACE CONTOUR ELEVATION (MSL) Arthur Kill Storm Surge Barrier Plan
30
18
20 18 30
12 35 26 5
6 23 2
SURFACE CONTOUR ELEVATION (MSL) WATER DEPTH below MLLW (Typ) POSSIBLE BARRIER LOCATION Tide and Surge Data
POSSIBLE POSSIBLE 24 STORM 23.9 STORM 23.8 SURGE 23.9 SURGE 23.8 22
20 POSSIBLE STORM 18.3 18 SURGE 18.3 16 HIGHEST WATER 14 EVER OBSERVED 12 9/21/1938 12.67 10 HIGHEST WATER 8 EVER OBSERVED 9/12/1960 7.23 HIGHEST WATER 6 EVER OBSERVED 8/9/1976 5.01 4 MHHW MHHW MHHW 3.71 2 2.89 NORMAL ELEVATION IN FEET ELEVATION IN FEET 2.27 NAVD 1988 DAILY 0 TIDE RANGE -2 MLLW MLLW (TYP) -2.85 -4 -2.78 MLLW -2.85 LOWEST WATER -4.07 LOWEST WATER -6 EVER OBSERVED LOWEST WATER 2/2/1976 -7.07 EVER OBSERVED EVER OBSERVED 2/2/1976 -7.53 -8 1/10/1978 -8.37 TIDAL DATUM DATA TIDAL DATUM DATA TIDAL DATUM DATA APPLICABLE FOR THE APPLICABLE FOR THE APPLICABLE FOR THE VERRAZANO NARROWS SITE LONG ISLAND SOUND SITE ARTHUR KILL SITE
NOTES: 1.Data from U. S. Department of CommercCommerce,e, NOAA, National Ocean Service for Tidal Epoch 1983-2001. Reference www.co-ops.nos.noaa.gov 2.NAVD 1988 was taken to be equivalent to Mean Sea Level (MSL) for Keasby, Raritan River, New Jersey. 3.Possible storm surge elevations provided by SUNY Stony Brook University. BasicBasic TypesTypes OfOf SurgeSurge BarriersBarriers
NavigableNavigable LockLock andand DamDam (Ubiquitous)(Ubiquitous) FoldFold FlatFlat BuoyantBuoyant FloatingFloating GateGate (Venice)(Venice) RotatingRotating TypeType (London,(London, ThamesThames River)River) SwingingSwinging HingedHinged GateGate (Netherlands,(Netherlands, elsewhere)elsewhere) TainterTainter GatesGates (Providence,(Providence, RhodeRhode Island)Island) Venice Lagoon Design, 2012
Floodgates at rest
Lagoon Sea
S ea
Lifting phase Emission of air Expulsion of water
Under normal tidal conditions the gates fill with water and rest on the inlet canal bed.
When tides reach 100 cm, the gates fill with compressed air and In operation rise to isolate the lagoon from the sea.
79 gates. 30 m (= 98 ft) high, 20 m (=65 ft) wide, 4-5 m (=13-16 ft) thick. $2.6 to 7 billion. Thames River Tidal Barrier, England, 1982
4 - 200ft main openings & 2 103-ft nav openings. Gate chord 66 ft. Sill -34.1 ft. River width 1,870 ft (= 0.35 mi). Thames Barrier rotating gates - Operation
Downriver Surge
GATE OPEN GATE CLOSED
Downriver Surge
UNDER SHOT MAINTENANCE POSITION POSITION New Waterway, The Netherlands, 1997
2 trusses @ 240 m length ==480 m (= 1,575 ft = 0.3 miles). Height 20 m (= 65 ft). Sill depth -17 m (= 56 ft). Providence, Rhode Island barrier, built 1966
Gates 40x40 ft. Sill -15 ft msl. Max vert clearance +25 ft. 5 Pumps each 4,300 hp, 1,400 fs @ 20’ head. Height 25 ft msl. Length 290 ft. $11.4 million. Providence, Rhode Island barrier, built 1966
Gates in open position FoundationFoundation OptionsOptions
PilesPiles CaissonsCaissons oror DrilledDrilled ShaftsShafts LargeLarge prismaticprismatic oror cylindricalcylindrical caissoncaisson wallswalls sunksunk withwith internalinternal dredgedredge andand perimeterperimeter anchoranchor pilingspilings asas neededneeded SubaqueousSubaqueous stablestable slopeslope stonestone fillfill belowbelow concreteconcrete sillssills oror basesbases Stone-facedStone-faced embankmentsembankments forfor somesome on-shoreon-shore portionsportions FoundationFoundation DesignDesign ConcernsConcerns
SoilSoil conditionsconditions AllowableAllowable bearingbearing pressurespressures DesignDesign loadsloads 99OverturningOverturning momentsmoments 99TensionTension 99 MassMass stabilitystability FoundationFoundation DesignDesign ConcernsConcerns
UnderseepageUnderseepage SeismicSeismic loadingloading LiquefactionLiquefaction VesselVessel impactimpact IceIce developmentdevelopment WaterWater pressurepressure loadload reversalsreversals EnvironmentalEnvironmental considerationsconsiderations FactorsFactors inin ConceptualConceptual DesignDesign
RequiredRequired heightheight ofof stormstorm surgesurge protectionprotection WaterWater depthdepth atat aa givengiven sitesite DepthDepth toto soundsound bearingbearing materialmaterial OverallOverall lengthlength ofof thethe gategate systemsystem SpecialSpecial structures,structures, gatesgates oror otherother meansmeans toto extendextend thethe systemsystem onon toto landland EnvironmentalEnvironmental ConsiderationsConsiderations
AllowingAllowing forfor flowflow reversalsreversals SettingSetting upup aa systemsystem toto flushflush thethe harborharbor FlowFlow velocitiesvelocities maymay changechange significantlysignificantly asas aa resultresult ofof crosscross sectionalsectional areaarea changeschanges atat thesethese riverriver locationslocations becausebecause ofof thethe additionaddition ofof newnew tidetide gategate structures.structures. ChangesChanges inin thethe areasareas andand amountsamounts ofof nearbynearby sedimentationsedimentation andand scourscour maymay becomebecome significantsignificant ifif flowsflows changechange greatly.greatly. SpecificSpecific IssuesIssues RelatedRelated toto EachEach SiteSite
TheThe NarrowsNarrows –– AdvantagesAdvantages 99LeastLeast widewide gapgap toto bebe closed,closed, asas comparedcompared toto constructingconstructing thethe barrierbarrier wellwell northnorth oror southsouth ofof thethe bridge.bridge. 99ExistingExisting bridgebridge pierspiers andand stonestone protectionprotection bermsberms wouldwould provideprovide aa goodgood startstart forfor thethe barrierbarrier systemsystem atat thisthis location.location. 99ThereThere isis aboutabout aa 50005000 footfoot overalloverall gapgap betweenbetween banks.banks. TheThe concreteconcrete foundationfoundation pierspiers forfor thethe bridgebridge areare eacheach aboutabout 200200 feetfeet wide,wide, andand countingcounting somesome benefitbenefit ofof adjacentadjacent stonestone bermsberms meantmeant toto protectprotect thethe piers,piers, aboutabout 1010 percentpercent ofof thethe crosscross sectionsection isis alreadyalready blockedblocked off.off. SpecificSpecific IssuesIssues RelatedRelated toto EachEach SiteSite TheThe NarrowsNarrows –– DisadvantagesDisadvantages 99 DeepDeep cutoffcutoff sheetingsheeting oror otherother meansmeans necessarynecessary toto blockblock underseepageunderseepage belowbelow barrierbarrier structurestructure andand avoidavoid failurefailure duringduring extremeextreme tidaltidal surges.surges. 99 PotentialPotential forfor significantsignificant increaseincrease inin thethe flowflow velocityvelocity atat TheThe NarrowsNarrows 99 LandLand partsparts ofof barriersbarriers needneed toto tietie intointo highhigh ground.ground. 99 StudiesStudies neededneeded toto determinedetermine ifif ParkwayParkway couldcould bebe raisedraised inin thisthis areaarea oror whetherwhether aa gategate wouldwould havehave toto bebe installedinstalled acrossacross thisthis criticalcritical artery.artery. SpecificSpecific IssuesIssues RelatedRelated toto EachEach SiteSite
LongLong IslandIsland SoundSound –– AdvantagesAdvantages 99CrossingsCrossings havehave relativelyrelatively narrownarrow widthswidths asas comparedcompared toto similarsimilar locationslocations nearbynearby andand thusthus wouldwould requirerequire smallersmaller sizedsized barriers.barriers. 99ThrogsThrogs NeckNeck BridgeBridge isis furtherfurther easteast andand wouldwould protectprotect moremore sectionssections ofof northwestnorthwest SpecificSpecific IssuesIssues RelatedRelated toto EachEach SiteSite
LongLong IslandIsland SoundSound –– DisadvantagesDisadvantages 99MostMost ofof northnorth shoreshore ofof LongLong IslandIsland unprotectedunprotected 99SoilSoil conditionsconditions varyvary acrossacross thethe LongLong IslandIsland SoundSound 99Land-basedLand-based barrierbarrier wouldwould havehave toto extendextend somesome distancedistance inlandinland onon thethe BronxBronx sideside 99Cut-offCut-off maymay bebe neededneeded onon landland inin lowlow elevationselevations betweenbetween WilletsWillets Point/FortPoint/Fort TottenTotten andand thethe Bayside,Bayside, QueensQueens landland mass.mass. SpecificSpecific IssuesIssues RelatedRelated toto EachEach SiteSite
ArthurArthur KillKill -- AdvantagesAdvantages 99LocationLocation protectsprotects westwest shoreshore ofof StatenStaten IslandIsland andand partsparts ofof easteast coastcoast ofof NewNew JerseyJersey
ArthurArthur KillKill –– DisadvantagesDisadvantages 99SouthSouth shoreshore ofof StatenStaten IslandIsland exposedexposed 99DeepDeep cutoffcutoff maymay bebe neededneeded toto preventprevent underseepageunderseepage failurefailure Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers 14 Penn Plaza • 225 West 34th Street • NY, NY 10122 Tel: 917 339-9300 • Fax: 917 339-9400 www.mrce.com