Esoteric Buddhism in Mediaeval Maritime Asia
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De Sogdiërs: Een Vergeten Volk Langs De Zijderoute Onderzoek Naar De Oorzaken Van De Teloorgang Van Het Sogdische Handelsnetwerk Tijdens De Tang 唐-Dynastie (618-907)
Academiejaar 2012-2013 De Sogdiërs: een vergeten volk langs de zijderoute Onderzoek naar de oorzaken van de teloorgang van het Sogdische handelsnetwerk tijdens de Tang 唐-dynastie (618-907) Jozefien Maerten Verhandeling voorgelegd aan de Faculteit der Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, tot het verkrijgen van de graad van Master in de Oosterse talen en culturen Promotor: Prof. Ann Heirman INHOUDSOPGAVE Dankwoord .............................................................................................................................4 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................5 I. Het belang van de Sogdiërs langs de zijderoute ...................................................................7 1. Het Sogdische handelsnetwerk ........................................................................................7 1.1. Het begin van het Sogdische handelsnetwerk ............................................................7 1.1.1. De ‘Ancient Letters’ ......................................................................................... 10 1.1.2. Sogdië als commercieel doorgeefluik ............................................................... 12 1.2. Het Sogdisch handelsnetwerk op zijn hoogtepunt.................................................... 14 2. Van Sogdisch handelsnetwerk tot Sogdische gemeenschappen ...................................... 18 3. Verspreiding Sanyijiao 三夷教 ..................................................................................... -
Plataran Borobudur Encounter
PLATARAN BOROBUDUR ENCOUNTER ABOUT THE DESTINATION Plataran Borobudur Resort & Spa is located within the vicinity of ‘Kedu Plain’, also known as Progo River Valley or ‘The Garden of Java’. This fertile volcanic plain that lies between Mount Sumbing and Mount Sundoro to the west, and Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi to the east has played a significant role in Central Javanese history due to the great number of religious and cultural archaeological sites, including the Borobudur. With an abundance of natural beauty, ranging from volcanoes to rivers, and cultural sites, Plataran Borobudur stands as a perfect base camp for nature, adventure, cultural, and spiritual journey. BOROBUDUR Steps away from the resort, one can witness one the of the world’s largest Buddhist temples - Borobudur. Based on the archeological evidence, Borobudur was constructed in the 9th century and abandoned following the 14th-century decline of Hindu kingdoms in Java and the Javanese conversion to Islam. Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, then the British ruler of Java, who was advised of its location by native Indonesians. Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Borobudur is one of Indonesia’s most iconic tourism destinations, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage and majestic history. BOROBUDUR FOLLOWS A remarkable experience that you can only encounter at Plataran Borobudur. Walk along the long corridor of our Patio Restaurants, from Patio Main Joglo to Patio Colonial Restaurant, to experience BOROBUDUR FOLLOWS - where the majestic Borobudur temple follows you at your center wherever you stand along this corridor. -
Buddhist Archeology in Mongolia: Zanabazar and the Géluk Diaspora Beyond Tibet
Buddhist Archeology in Mongolia: Zanabazar and the Géluk Diaspora beyond Tibet Uranchimeg Tsultemin, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Uranchimeg, Tsultemin. 2019. “Buddhist Archeology in Mongolia: Zanabazar and the Géluk Dias- pora beyond Tibet.” Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review (e-journal) 31: 7–32. https://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-31/uranchimeg. Abstract This article discusses a Khalkha reincarnate ruler, the First Jebtsundampa Zanabazar, who is commonly believed to be a Géluk protagonist whose alliance with the Dalai and Panchen Lamas was crucial to the dissemination of Buddhism in Khalkha Mongolia. Za- nabazar’s Géluk affiliation, however, is a later Qing-Géluk construct to divert the initial Khalkha vision of him as a reincarnation of the Jonang historian Tāranātha (1575–1634). Whereas several scholars have discussed the political significance of Zanabazar’s rein- carnation based only on textual sources, this article takes an interdisciplinary approach to discuss, in addition to textual sources, visual records that include Zanabazar’s por- traits and current findings from an ongoing excavation of Zanabazar’s Saridag Monas- tery. Clay sculptures and Zanabazar’s own writings, heretofore little studied, suggest that Zanabazar’s open approach to sectarian affiliations and his vision, akin to Tsongkhapa’s, were inclusive of several traditions rather than being limited to a single one. Keywords: Zanabazar, Géluk school, Fifth Dalai Lama, Jebtsundampa, Khalkha, Mongo- lia, Dzungar Galdan Boshogtu, Saridag Monastery, archeology, excavation The First Jebtsundampa Zanabazar (1635–1723) was the most important protagonist in the later dissemination of Buddhism in Mongolia. Unlike the Mongol imperial period, when the sectarian alliance with the Sakya (Tib. -
A Buddhist Sütra's Transformation Into a Daoist Text
A BUDDHIST SÜTRA'S TRANSFORMATION INTO A DAOIST TEXT Stephan Peter Bumbacher, Universities of Tübingen and Zürich for Robert H. Gassmann, at his 60th birthday Abstract Daoism and Chinese Buddhism interacted in complex ways over the last two millenia. However, the precise nature of this two-way exchange still awaits a systematic investigation. Since the early 1980s, the Buddhist impact on lingbao-Daoism has become evident. Recently, it was suggested that the developing Daoist monasticism of fifth century Southern China may also have been influ¬ enced by the then already existing Buddhist one. Of special interest are Daoist texts that predate the lingbao-corpus and show some form of Buddhist influence as they might have had an impact on the latter. As a possible point of departure, an analysis of Yang Xi's adaptation of the Buddhist Forty-two sections of Buddhist sutras is offered. It shows that already a generation earlier than Ge Chaofu's lingbao scriptures Daoists not only had first hand knowledge of Buddhism but even made verbatim use of their scriptures to their own ends. As a by-product of this analysis, it is even possible to emend the received version of the Forty-two sections of Buddhist sutras where it apparently is defective. 1. Introduction The first four centuries of the common era witnessed not only the arrival of some forms of Buddhism in China, this was also the formative period of several traditions of Daoism, the indigenous Chinese Hochreligion.1 Both were essen¬ tially different: whereas the Buddhists sought to get out of samsära by entering nirväna or final extinction, the Daoists aimed at becoming immortals - either earthly immortals who would live on on earth for centuries, now and then chang¬ ing their whereabouts and altering their social identities, or heavenly immortals who would ascend heaven in broad daylight in order to integrate themselves into the heavenly hierarchy. -
Proquest Dissertations
Daoxuan's vision of Jetavana: Imagining a utopian monastery in early Tang Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Tan, Ai-Choo Zhi-Hui Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 09:09:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280212 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are In typewriter face, while others may be from any type of connputer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overiaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 DAOXUAN'S VISION OF JETAVANA: IMAGINING A UTOPIAN MONASTERY IN EARLY TANG by Zhihui Tan Copyright © Zhihui Tan 2002 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2002 UMI Number: 3073263 Copyright 2002 by Tan, Zhihui Ai-Choo All rights reserved. -
Number 3 2011 Korean Buddhist Art
NUMBER 3 2011 KOREAN BUDDHIST ART KOREAN ART SOCIETY JOURNAL NUMBER 3 2011 Korean Buddhist Art Publisher and Editor: Robert Turley, President of the Korean Art Society and Korean Art and Antiques CONTENTS About the Authors…………………………………………..………………...…..……...3-6 Publisher’s Greeting…...…………………………….…….………………..……....….....7 The Museum of Korean Buddhist Art by Robert Turley…………………..…..…..8-10 Twenty Selections from the Museum of Korean Buddhist Art by Dae Sung Kwon, Do Kyun Kwon, and Hyung Don Kwon………………….….11-37 Korean Buddhism in the Far East by Henrik Sorensen……………………..…….38-53 Korean Buddhism in East Asian Context by Robert Buswell……………………54-61 Buddhist Art in Korea by Youngsook Pak…………………………………..……...62-66 Image, Iconography and Belief in Early Korean Buddhism by Jonathan Best.67-87 Early Korean Buddhist Sculpture by Lena Kim…………………………………....88-94 The Taenghwa Tradition in Korean Buddhism by Henrik Sorensen…………..95-115 The Sound of Ecstasy and Nectar of Enlightenment by Lauren Deutsch…..116-122 The Korean Buddhist Rite of the Dead: Yeongsan-jae by Theresa Ki-ja Kim123-143 Dado: The Korean Way of Tea by Lauren Deutsch……………………………...144-149 Korean Art Society Events…………………………………………………………..150-154 Korean Art Society Press……………………………………………………………155-162 Bibliography of Korean Buddhism by Kenneth R. Robinson…...…………….163-199 Join the Korean Art Society……………...………….…….……………………...……...200 About the Authors 1 About the Authors All text and photographs contained herein are the property of the individual authors and any duplication without permission of the authors is a violation of applicable laws. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS. Please click on the links in the bios below to order each author’s publications or to learn more about their activities. -
Sahasra Buddha
SAHASRA BUDDHA Nirmal C. Sinha The only image pennitted in Theravada temples is that of the historical Buddha, Gautama Sakya Muni. In Mahayana temple$-in the Himalayas, Tibet and Mongolia-besides the historical Buddha designated simply Buddha (T. Sangay) or Sakya Muni cr. Sakya-Thubpa), there would be many images ranging from Three to Thousand according to size and resources of temple or monastery concerned, SahasraBuddha(T. Sangay Tongda) was no doubt the ideal count by 9th century A.D. when Mahayana pantheon was sculptured and painted in Samye (Central Tibet) and Tun Huang (northern outpost of ancient Tibetan empire). Sanskrit-Tibetan Lexicon Mahavyutpatti (Circa 820 A.D.) testifies to the usage ofSahasraBuddhaas then current. In BhadraJcalpa Sutra, now aVi!lilable only in Tibetan translation, the number recorded is 1000. The figures are those of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, historical ar. J legendary, besides the Goddesses. Figures of patrons and protectors of Dharma would be. permissible in paintings and iconography as such persons no doubt had taken the Refuge in Dharma (T.Cho) and believers would admire them if not adore them as Bodhisattvas cr. Changchub Sempa). Since Dharmaraja cr. Chogyal) was Bodhisattva par-excellence and Asoka Maurya was the first and greatest Dharmaraja, Mahayana ')(lntheon had a place of high honour for Asoka. FollOWing the Indian tradition the first and greatest Chogyal of Tibet, Song-tsen Gampo was apotheosised. Mahayana was preached by Nagarjuna a contemporary of the Kushanas in North India and the Sotavahanas in South India. This preaching by Nagarjuna was described by Mahayana believers as Second Turning of the Wheel of Law and Nagarjuna was in Mahayana tradition the Second Buddha. -
Macdonald 4310.Pdf
Macdonald, Alastair Ewan (2016) Reimagining the vernacular story : textual roles, didacticism, and entertainment in Erpai. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/23804 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this PhD Thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This PhD Thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this PhD Thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the PhD Thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full PhD Thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD PhD Thesis, pagination. Reimagining the Vernacular Story: Textual Roles, Didacticism, and Entertainment in Erpai Alastair Ewan Macdonald 548934 Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2016 Department of China and Inner Asia SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. -
“RASH MELA” DAL 13 Al 27 NOVEMBRE 2018 TOUR DI 15 GIORNI in BANGLADESH
BANGLADESH IL PAESE DELLE MAREE “RASH MELA” DAL 13 al 27 NOVEMBRE 2018 TOUR DI 15 GIORNI IN BANGLADESH L’antico mondo di oggi, crocevia di popoli di distinte origini indiane e sino-tibetane convergenti sul Golfo del Bengala, in coincidenza del Rash Mela e del bagno sacro Snaan dei fedeli induisti UN VIAGGIO RIVOLTO A… Viaggiatori interessati a scoprire una meta genuina, il cui Highlight sono i bengalesi, un popolo che riesce a coinvolgere il visitatore per vivere la loro cultura, ma soprattutto per il piacere di stare insieme e conoscere. IMPEGNO: Medio con voli aerei interni TIPOLOGIA: tribale, culturale e naturalistico La più grande foresta di mangrovie alofitiche al mondo soggette a maree, un intrico fittissimo di canali nell’immenso delta formato dai fiumi Brahmaputra e Gange (ecosistema naturale unico e habitat dell’elusiva tigre del Bengala) fino alla base di colline che scendono gradatamente dai contrafforti himalayani, antichi mondi con vie di comunicazione fluviali e lacustri che svelano civiltà di provenienza, siti storici e religiosi di interesse culturale, villaggi d’origine tibeto-birmana, abitati da popolazioni autoctone che abitano capanne di bambù sparse nella foresta indossando tradizionali capi colorati. Sono queste le principali caratteristiche del Bangladesh, un paese ricco di tradizioni e fiero di conservare le proprie diversità etno- culturali, che sopportando catastrofi naturali ha saputo rinnovarsi con il sorriso, secondo il principio che l’arcaico è contemporaneo FOCUS DEL VIAGGIO • VIAGGIO NATURALISTICO Navigazione -
Esoteric, Chan and Vinaya Ties in Tang Buddhism the Ordination Platform of the Huishan Monastery on Mount Song in the Religious Policy of Emperor Daizong
Esoteric, Chan and vinaya ties in Tang Buddhism The ordination platform of the Huishan monastery on Mount Song in the religious policy of Emperor Daizong Abstract This paper explores the reconstruction of the ordination platform in the Huishan monastery 會 善寺 on Mount Song in 767 in the context of the reinforcement of pro-Buddhist policies at the court of Emperor Daizong 代宗 (r. 762–779). The vinaya monks and state officials who engaged in this platform’s reconstruction are identified as associates of two prominent monastic figures: Amoghavajra (Bukong jin’gang 不空金剛; 704–774), an Esoteric leader at the imperial court; and Songshan Puji 嵩山普寂 (651–739), regarded as the seventh patriarch in the Northern Chan tradition. The key roles played by disciples of these two masters in the reconstruction of the Huishan platform attest to significant congruence in ritual practices between proponents of the Esoteric and Chan groups in Tang dynasty China, primarily in the areas of precept conferral and monastic ordination. Keywords Mount Song, Huishan monastery, Northern Chan, Esoteric Buddhism, vinaya, precept conferral Introduction During the Tang dynasty, the reign of Emperor Daizong 代宗 (r. 762–779) was second only to the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (r. 690–705) in terms of imperial patronage of Buddhism. Daizong assumed the role of universal Buddhist monarch (cakravartin) and granted the Buddhist saṅgha and its foremost leader Amoghavajra (Ch. Bukong jin’gang 不空金剛; 704–774) an unprecedented amount of power.1 In 767, at the start of a new era that Daizong named Dali 大曆 (Grand Reign), many large-scale Buddhist projects were realized under the 1 Amoghavajra, an Esoteric master of allegedly Sogdian origin, became a paramount Buddhist leader at the imperial court during a period of highly militarized political turbulence in the territorial centre of the Tang Empire following the rebellion of General An Lushan 安祿山 (703–757) in 755. -
Critical Sermons of the Zen Tradition Dr Hisamatsu Shin’Ichi, at Age 87
Critical Sermons of the Zen Tradition Dr Hisamatsu Shin’ichi, at age 87. Photograph taken by the late Professor Hy¯od¯o Sh¯on¯osuke in 1976, at Dr Hisamatsu’s residence in Gifu. Critical Sermons of the Zen Tradition Hisamatsu’s Talks on Linji translated and edited by Christopher Ives and Tokiwa Gishin © Editorial matter and selection © Christopher Ives and Tokiwa Gishin Chapters 1–22 © Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-96271-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. -
Buddhist Adoption in Asia, Mahayana Buddhism First Entered China
Buddhist adoption in Asia, Mahayana Buddhism first entered China through Silk Road. Blue-eyed Central Asian monk teaching East-Asian monk. A fresco from the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, dated to the 9th century; although Albert von Le Coq (1913) assumed the blue-eyed, red-haired monk was a Tocharian,[1] modern scholarship has identified similar Caucasian figures of the same cave temple (No. 9) as ethnic Sogdians,[2] an Eastern Iranian people who inhabited Turfan as an ethnic minority community during the phases of Tang Chinese (7th- 8th century) and Uyghur rule (9th-13th century).[3] Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE.[4][5] The first documented translation efforts by Buddhist monks in China (all foreigners) were in the 2nd century CE under the influence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin under Kanishka.[6][7] These contacts brought Gandharan Buddhist culture into territories adjacent to China proper. Direct contact between Central Asian and Chinese Buddhism continued throughout the 3rd to 7th century, well into the Tang period. From the 4th century onward, with Faxian's pilgrimage to India (395–414), and later Xuanzang (629–644), Chinese pilgrims started to travel by themselves to northern India, their source of Buddhism, in order to get improved access to original scriptures. Much of the land route connecting northern India (mainly Gandhara) with China at that time was ruled by the Kushan Empire, and later the Hephthalite Empire. The Indian form of Buddhist tantra (Vajrayana) reached China in the 7th century.