Lesser Known Capitals of Bengal Before Calcutta: Geo-Historical Aspects of ‘Tanda’
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Dhaka Division
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Dhaka Division Includes ¨ Why Go? Sonargaon ...........57 Enveloping the city of Dhaka, and including some desti- Dhamrai .............58 nations that make great day trips from the capital, Dhaka Mymensingh .........59 division stretches for more than 250km from south to north, reaching right up to the border with the Garo Hills in India. Around Mymensingh ..61 It’s a rural wonderland, comprising some 25,000 villages, and much of the region is given over to radiant rice paddies, filling your vision with more hues of green than you ever knew existed. A smattering of wonderfully romantic, slowly Best Places for decaying ruins also lends a historic air to the region, but it’s History the land in the far north of Dhaka division that has perhaps the greatest pull. Here, the green carpet of paddy fields gives ¨ Sonargaon (p57) way to dappled forests, great rivers and hilly panoramas, ¨ Mymensingh (p59) and the indigenous culture of the Garo people awaits the more adventurous traveller. Best Landscapes ¨ China Clay Hills (p62) ¨ Someswari River by Birisiri (p62) When to Go ¨ Sonargaon (p57) Mymensingh °C/°F Te mp Rainfall inches/mm 40/104 24/600 30/86 16/400 20/68 8/200 10/50 0/32 0 J FDM A M J J A S O N Oct–Mar The dry Jun & Jul Dham- Jun–Sep Mon- season means rai has chariot- soon brings boggy off-the-beaten- pulling during roads, but the track trips in the the Rath Jatra landscape is a far north. festival. sight in itself. -
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Arakan and Bengal : the rise and decline of the Mrauk U kingdom (Burma) from the fifteenth to the seventeeth century AD Galen, S.E.A. van Citation Galen, S. E. A. van. (2008, March 13). Arakan and Bengal : the rise and decline of the Mrauk U kingdom (Burma) from the fifteenth to the seventeeth century AD. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12637 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12637 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). CHAPTER TWO THE ORIGINS OF THE MRAUK U KINGDOM (1430 – 1593) The sixteenth century saw the rise to power in south-eastern Bengal of the Arakanese kingdom. At the same time the Mughals entered Bengal from the northwest and came into contact with the Arakanese. The arrival of the Mughals and the Arakanese in Bengal would spark a conflict between both parties for control over the economic heart of Bengal situated around Dhaka and Sripur. The war over Bengal would last for approximately ninety years. Starting in the early fifteenth century this Chapter describes the origins of the Mrauk U kingdom and the beginnings of the Ninety Years’ War. 2.1 The early years of the Mrauk U kingdom From the third decade of the fifteenth century the Arakanese kings of Mrauk U extended their hold over the Arakanese littoral. The coastal areas and the major islands Ramree and Cheduba were slowly brought under their control.1 During the sixteenth century successive Arakanese kings were able to gain control over the most important entrepôt of Bengal, Chittagong. -
Class-6 New 2020.CDR
Foreword I am greatly pleased to introduce the inaugural issue of “rediscovering Assam- An Endeavour of DPS Guwahati” . The need for familiarizing the students with the rich historical background, unique geographical features and varied flora and fauna of Assam had long been felt both by the teaching fraternity as well as the parent community. The text has been prepared by the teachers of Delhi Public School Guwahati with the sole aim of fulfilling this need. The book which has three parts will cater to the learning requirement of the students of classes VI, VII, VIII. I am grateful towards the teachers who have put in their best efforts to develop the contents of the text and I do hope that the students will indeed rediscover Assam in all its glory. With best wishes, Chandralekha Rawat Principal Delhi Public School Guwahati @2015 ; Delhi Public School Guwahati : “all rights reserved” Index Class - VI Sl No. Subject Page No. 1 Environmental Science 7-13 2 Geography 14-22 3 History 23-29 Class - VII Sl No. Subject Page No. 1 Environmental Science 33-39 2 Geography 40-46 3 History 47-62 Class - VIII Sl No. Subject Page No. 1 Environmental Science 65-71 2 Geography 72-82 3 History 83-96 CLASS-VI Assam, the north-eastern sentinel of the frontiers of India, is a state richly endowed with places of tourist attractions (Fig.1.1). Assam is surrounded by six of the other Seven Sister States: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya. Assam has the second largest area after Arunachal Pradesh. -
Shayesta Khan: 1.In the 17Th Century,Shayesta Khan Appointed As the Local Governor of Bengal
Class-4 BANGLADESH AND GLOBAL STUDIES ( Chapter 14- Our History ) Topic- 2“ The Middle Age” Lecture - 3 Day-3 Date-27/9/20 *** 1st read the main book properly. Middle Ages:The Middle Age or the Medieval period was a period of European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance. Discuss about three kings of the Middle age: Shamsuddin Ilias Shah: 1.He came to power in the 14th century. 2.His main achievement was to keep Bengal independent from the sultans of Delhi. 3.Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah opened up Shahi dynasty. Isa Khan: 1.Isa Khan was the leader of the landowners in Bengal, called the Baro Bhuiyan. 2.He was the landlord of Sonargaon. 3.In the 16th century, he fought for independence of Bengal against Mughal emperor Akhbar. Shayesta Khan: 1.In the 17th century,Shayesta Khan appointed as the local governor of Bengal. 2.At his time rice was sold cheap.One could get one mound of rice for eight taka only. 3.He drove away the pirates from his region. The social life in the Middle age: 1.At that time Bengal was known for the harmony between Hindus, Buddhists, and Muslims. 2.It was also known for its Bengali language and literature. 3.Clothes and diets of Middle age wren the same as Ancient age. The economic life in the Middle age: 1.Their economy was based on agriculture. 2.Cotton and silk garments were also renowned as well as wood and ivory work. 3.Exports exceeded imports with Bengal trading in garments, spices and precious stones from Chattagram. -
Demand for Information on Environmental Health Risk, Mode of Delivery, and Behavioral Change: Evidence from Sonargaon, Bangladesh
Demand for Information on Environmental Health Risk, Mode of Delivery, and Behavioral Change: Evidence from Sonargaon, Bangladesh Alessandro Tarozzi Ricardo Maertens Kazi Matin Ahmed Alexander van Geen∗ June 2019 Abstract Millions of villagers in Bangladesh are chronically exposed to arsenic by drinking contaminated water from private wells. Free testing for arsenic has been shown to encourage households with unsafe wells to switch to safer sources that are often within walking distance. We describe results from a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 112 villages in Bangladesh to evaluate the effectiveness of different schemes to sell information on well-water quality at inducing households to stop using arsenic-contaminated water for drinking. We study whether either informal inter- household agreements to share water from wells that are found to be safe, or visual reminders of well status in the form of metal placards mounted on the well pump, can increase risk-mitigating behavior relative to simple individual sales of privately provided information. At a price of about USD0.60, only one in four households purchased a test and sales were not increased by risk-sharing agreements or visual reminders. However, switching away from an unsafe wells almost doubled in response to agreements or placards relative to the one in three proportion of households who switched away from an unsafe well with simple individual sales. JEL: I12, I15, I18, Q53 Key words: Arsenic, Bangladesh, Environmental Health Risk ∗We are very grateful to Prabhat Barnwal for conversations about risk-sharing that started this project. We ac- knowledge partial support from the Earth Clinic at the Earth Institute, Columbia University and from NIEHS grant P42 ES010349. -
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Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64 (2021) 217-250 brill.com/jesh Regimes of Diplomacy and Law: Bengal-China Encounters in the Early Fifteenth Century Mahmood Kooria Researcher, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and Visiting faculty, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, India [email protected] Abstract This article examines the Bengal–China connections between the Ilyās Shāhī and Ming dynasties in the early fifteenth century across the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea. It traces how law played a central role in the cultural geography and diplomatic vocabulary between individuals and communities in foreign lands, with their shared understanding of two nodal points of law. Diplomatic missions explicate how custom- ary, regional and transregional laws were entangled in inter-imperial etiquette. Then there were the religious orders of Islam that constituted an inner circle of imperial exchanges. Between the Ilyās Shāhī rule in Bengal and the Ming Empire in China, certain dimensions of Islamic law provided a common language for the circulation of people and ideas. Stretching between cities and across oceans the interpolity legal exchanges expose interesting aspects of the histories of China and Bengal. Keywords Bengal-China connections – Ming dynasty – Ilyās Shāhī dynasty – interpolity laws – diplomacy – Islam – Indian Ocean Introduction More than a decade ago JESHO published a special issue (49/4), edited by Kenneth R. Hall, on the transregional cultural and economic exchanges and diasporic mobility between South, Southeast and East Asia, an area usually © Mahmood Kooria, 2021 | doi:10.1163/15685209-12341536 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license. -
Chiipter I Introduction
. ---- -·--··· -··-·- ------ -·-- ·----. -- ---~--- -~----------------~~---- ~-----~--~-----~-·------------· CHIIPTER I INTRODUCTION A Brief Survey of Land and People of the Area Under Study T~e present district of Kamrup, created in 1983, is. bounded by Bhutan on the north~ districts of Pragjyoti~pur and Nagaon on the east, Goalpara and Nalbari on the west and the s t LJ t e of 11 e 9 hal a y a u n t 1'1 e s u u t h . l L tl d s d n d rea of 4695.7 sq.kms., and a population of 11'106861 . Be"fore 1983, Kamrup was comprised of four present districts viz., Kamrup, Nalbari, Barpeta and ~ragjyotispur with a total 2 area of 'l863 sq.kms. and a population of 28,54,183. The density of population was 289 per sq.km. It was then boun- ded by Bhutan on the north, districts of Darrang and Nagaon on the east, district of Goalpara on the west and the state of neghalaya on the south. Lying between 26°52'40n and 92°52'2" north latitude and '10°44'30" and '12°12'20~ east longitude, the great river Brahmaputra divides it into two halves viz., South Kamrup and North Kamrup. The northern 1 statistical Handbook of Assam, Government of Assam, 1987, p.6. 2 Census, 1971·· 2 . 3 portion is about twice the area of the southern port1on . All of the rivers and streams which intersect the district arise in the hills and mountains and flow into the Brahmaputra. The principal northern tributaries are the Manas, the Barnadi and the ?agladia which rise in the Himalaya mountains- These rivers have a tendency to change their course and wander away from the former channels because of the direct push from the Himalayas. -
“RASH MELA” DAL 13 Al 27 NOVEMBRE 2018 TOUR DI 15 GIORNI in BANGLADESH
BANGLADESH IL PAESE DELLE MAREE “RASH MELA” DAL 13 al 27 NOVEMBRE 2018 TOUR DI 15 GIORNI IN BANGLADESH L’antico mondo di oggi, crocevia di popoli di distinte origini indiane e sino-tibetane convergenti sul Golfo del Bengala, in coincidenza del Rash Mela e del bagno sacro Snaan dei fedeli induisti UN VIAGGIO RIVOLTO A… Viaggiatori interessati a scoprire una meta genuina, il cui Highlight sono i bengalesi, un popolo che riesce a coinvolgere il visitatore per vivere la loro cultura, ma soprattutto per il piacere di stare insieme e conoscere. IMPEGNO: Medio con voli aerei interni TIPOLOGIA: tribale, culturale e naturalistico La più grande foresta di mangrovie alofitiche al mondo soggette a maree, un intrico fittissimo di canali nell’immenso delta formato dai fiumi Brahmaputra e Gange (ecosistema naturale unico e habitat dell’elusiva tigre del Bengala) fino alla base di colline che scendono gradatamente dai contrafforti himalayani, antichi mondi con vie di comunicazione fluviali e lacustri che svelano civiltà di provenienza, siti storici e religiosi di interesse culturale, villaggi d’origine tibeto-birmana, abitati da popolazioni autoctone che abitano capanne di bambù sparse nella foresta indossando tradizionali capi colorati. Sono queste le principali caratteristiche del Bangladesh, un paese ricco di tradizioni e fiero di conservare le proprie diversità etno- culturali, che sopportando catastrofi naturali ha saputo rinnovarsi con il sorriso, secondo il principio che l’arcaico è contemporaneo FOCUS DEL VIAGGIO • VIAGGIO NATURALISTICO Navigazione -
Remembered Villages • 319
Remembered Villages • 319 gender though one would suspect, from the style of writing, that with the exception of one, the essays were written by men. The authors recount their memories of their native villages—sixty-seven in all—of East Bengal belonging to some eighteen districts. Written in the aftermath of parti- tion, these essays capture the sense of tragedy that the division of the country represented to these authors. This attitude was more Hindu 16 than Muslim, for to many if not most of the Muslims of East Pakistan, 1947 was not only about partition, it was also about freedom, from both the British and the Hindu ruling classes.4 Remembered Villages My aim is to understand the structure of sentiments expressed in these essays. One should remember the context. There is no getting Representations of Hindu-Bengali Memories around the fact that partition was traumatic for those who had to leave in the Aftermath of the Partition their homes. Stories and incidents of sexual harassment and degradation of women, of forced eviction, of physical violence and humiliation marked their experience. The Hindu Bengali refugees who wrote these essays DIPESH CHAKRABARTY had to make a new life in the difficult circumstances of the overcrowded city of Calcutta. Much of the story of their attempts to settle down in the different suburbs of Calcutta is about squatting on government or privately owned land and about reactive violence by the police and landlords.5 emory is a complex phenomenon that reaches out to far beyond The sudden influx of thousands of people into a city where the services what normally constitutes an historian's archives, for memory were already stretched to their limits, could not have been a welcome is much more than what the mind can remember or what event. -
The Mughal and the Trading of Horses in India, 1526-1707
International Journal of History and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) Volume 3, Issue 1, 2017, PP 1-18 ISSN 2454-7646 (Print) & ISSN 2454-7654 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-7654.0301001 www.arcjournals.org The Mughal and the Trading of Horses in India, 1526-1707 R.B. Azad Choudhary Assistant Professor, Hindu College, University of Delhi Abstract: This paper is an effort to study about the Mughal military culture and socio-economic importance of horses during the Mughal period. It explores the military and economic significance of the horses and its importance in the cavalry that was the mainstay of the Mughal army.It was the Mughal army that was the vanguard of the Mughal expansion. The most crucial feature of the Mughal army was its cavalry. The centrality of the horses in the cavalry regiment helped in the centralisation of the Mughal Empire.1The Mughal cavalry was admixture of „Turco-Mongol‟, Central Asian, Middle East Asian and Indian warriors, especially the horsemen. Apart from the military man power, the geographical fringes of the above mentioned also procured/supplied the best quality of the Arabian, Persian, Turki, Tuzuki, Qabuli, Qandhari and Janglah Horses to the Mughals.2 The good horses were imported to the Mughal state from Arabia, Iran, Turan, Turkey, Turkestan, Badakhshan, Shirwan, Qirghiz, Tibbet, Kashmir and other countries. This paper argues that the centrality of the horses in the Mughal „military-civil‟ necessities encouraged the Emperors to establish control on the trade of war-horses, land-routes and other enterpots of the horses. The safety and security provided to trading activities was aimed to encourage the continuous supply of war-horses to the Mughal army. -
View Entire Book
ODISHA REVIEW VOL. LXX NO. 8 MARCH - 2014 PRADEEP KUMAR JENA, I.A.S. Principal Secretary PRAMOD KUMAR DAS, O.A.S.(SAG) Director DR. LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Production Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Debasis Pattnaik Bikram Maharana Sadhana Mishra Cover Design & Illustration D.T.P. & Design Manas Ranjan Nayak Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Photo Raju Singh Manoranjan Mohanty The Odisha Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Odisha’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Odisha Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Odisha. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Odisha Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. Five Rupees / Copy E-mail : [email protected] Visit : http://odisha.gov.in Contact : 9937057528(M) CONTENTS Sri Krsna - Jagannath Consciousness : Vyasa - Jayadeva - Sarala Dasa Dr. Satyabrata Das ... 1 Good Governance ... 3 Classical Language : Odia Subrat Kumar Prusty ... 4 Language and Language Policy in India Prof. Surya Narayan Misra ... 14 Rise of the Odia Novel : 1897-1930 Jitendra Narayan Patnaik ... 18 Gangadhar Literature : A Bird’s Eye View Jagabandhu Panda ... 23 Medieval Odia Literature and Bhanja Dynasty Dr. Sarat Chandra Rath ... 25 The Evolution of Odia Language : An Introspection Dr. Jyotirmati Samantaray ... 29 Biju - The Greatest Odia in Living Memory Rajkishore Mishra ... 31 Binode Kanungo (1912-1990) - A Versatile Genius ... 34 Role of Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo in the Odia Language Movement Harapriya Das Swain ... 38 Odissi Vocal : A Unique Classical School Kirtan Narayan Parhi .. -
1 Mapping Monastic Geographicity Or Appeasing Ghosts of Monastic Subjects Indrani Chatterjee
1 Mapping Monastic Geographicity Or Appeasing Ghosts of Monastic Subjects Indrani Chatterjee Rarely do the same apparitions inhabit the work of modern theorists of subjectivity, politics, ethnicity, the Sanskrit cosmopolis and medieval architecture at once. However, the South Asianist historian who ponders the work of Charles Taylor, Partha Chatterjee, James Scott and Sheldon Pollock cannot help notice the apparitions of monastic subjects within each. Tamara Sears has gestured at the same apparitions by pointing to the neglected study of monasteries (mathas) associated with Saiva temples.1 She finds the omission intriguing on two counts. First, these monasteries were built for and by significant teachers (gurus) who were identified as repositories of vast ritual, medical and spiritual knowledge, guides to their practice and over time, themselves manifestations of divinity and vehicles of human liberation from the bondage of life and suffering. Second, these monasteries were not studied even though some of these had existed into the early twentieth century. Sears implies that two processes have occurred simultaneously. Both are epistemological. One has resulted in a continuity of colonial- postcolonial politics of recognition. The identification of a site as ‘religious’ rested on the identification of a building as a temple or a mosque. Residential sites inhabited by religious figures did not qualify for preservation. The second is the foreshortening of scholarly horizons by disappeared buildings. Modern scholars, this suggests, can only study entities and relationships contemporaneous with them and perceptible to the senses, omitting those that evade such perception or have disappeared long ago. This is not as disheartening as one might fear.