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View Entire Book ODISHA REVIEW VOL. LXX NO. 8 MARCH - 2014 PRADEEP KUMAR JENA, I.A.S. Principal Secretary PRAMOD KUMAR DAS, O.A.S.(SAG) Director DR. LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Production Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Debasis Pattnaik Bikram Maharana Sadhana Mishra Cover Design & Illustration D.T.P. & Design Manas Ranjan Nayak Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Photo Raju Singh Manoranjan Mohanty The Odisha Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Odisha’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Odisha Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Odisha. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Odisha Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. Five Rupees / Copy E-mail : [email protected] Visit : http://odisha.gov.in Contact : 9937057528(M) CONTENTS Sri Krsna - Jagannath Consciousness : Vyasa - Jayadeva - Sarala Dasa Dr. Satyabrata Das ... 1 Good Governance ... 3 Classical Language : Odia Subrat Kumar Prusty ... 4 Language and Language Policy in India Prof. Surya Narayan Misra ... 14 Rise of the Odia Novel : 1897-1930 Jitendra Narayan Patnaik ... 18 Gangadhar Literature : A Bird’s Eye View Jagabandhu Panda ... 23 Medieval Odia Literature and Bhanja Dynasty Dr. Sarat Chandra Rath ... 25 The Evolution of Odia Language : An Introspection Dr. Jyotirmati Samantaray ... 29 Biju - The Greatest Odia in Living Memory Rajkishore Mishra ... 31 Binode Kanungo (1912-1990) - A Versatile Genius ... 34 Role of Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo in the Odia Language Movement Harapriya Das Swain ... 38 Odissi Vocal : A Unique Classical School Kirtan Narayan Parhi ... 42 Sir Basudev Sudhal Dev - The Pioneer of Modern Odisha Dr. Antaryami Behera ... 49 Language and Identity with Special Reference to the Tribal People in Odisha Dr. Chitrasen Pasayat ... 51 The Making of the Province of Odisha Surasinha Patnaik ... 54 Gitagovinda and Odia Art Tradition Nimai Charan Mohanty ... 59 Origin and Evolution of the Name Odisha C.B. Patel ... 61 Pandit Nilakantha and Formation of Odisha Province Dr. Shridhar Charan Sahoo ... 64 Editor’s Note As a person I respect Hindi, English and all the languages in which we communicate and express ourselves. But to me, the sweetest language on this earth is my Mother-tongue Odia. It becomes sweeter still when my Mother-tongue is accorded with the status that it deserved since long, the ‘Classical Status’. The declaration is a matter of great joy and pride for all of us, as a justification of our claim that the Odia language has a glorious tradition and rich heritage. The Member Secretary of Institute of Odia Studies and Research has rightly concluded that Odia has considerable antiquities and it predates the literatures of most modern languages by more than a thousand years. He also concludes that Odia constitutes the indigenous literary tradition in India which is not derived from Sanskrit. And last but not the least, the quality of Odia literature is such that it is fit to stand before the great literatures of Sanskrit and other languages. Finally, Odia culture is one of the primary independent sources of modern Indian culture and tradition. Scholars and researchers rightly point out and refer to the fact that greater Odisha was indeed the original Aryaavarta that mostly cradle ancient Indian civilization. Researchers also say that ancient Tamralipti may be identified with modern Paradeep. They have also made startling discoveries that tends to make the ancient Indian History really “ an East Side Story”. Recognition of our language with Classical Status would not ensure that the Classical character would be protected and preserved suo motto for all times to come. To make it a reality, sustained study and research are required on many aspects relating to our language. We also have to promote and encourage studies in composite nature of Indian culture with focus on Odia component in Indian civilization and heritage. Lastly, I would like to thank all those who have strived to achieve this unique status for our Mother-tongue. I would specially thank Hon’ble Chief Minister during whose leadership, Orissa became Odisha, Oriya became Odia and now our language has been accorded the Classical Status. Hon’ble Chief Minister rightly said, “Classical Status to Odia Language was long-standing demand of the people of Odisha. This is a moment of pride and glory for every Odia. This will provide more opportunity for research and development of Odia language.” Without having any selfish interest, let us celebrate for the very fact that our language has now been accorded the "Classical Language Status". Editor, Odisha Review Classical Status to Odia Language Odisha Review Sri Krsna - Jagannath Consciousness : Vyasa - Jayadeva - Sarala Dasa Dr. Satyabrata Das Vyasa’s original Sanskrit Mahabharata, his licentiousness. Jayadeva conceives the characters magnum opus, was written between 3rd and 4th of Sri Krsna and Sri Radha as divine companions Century B.C. The entire casting of this great though, all along the classic Gita Govinda we have Indian epic was done with a lot of care and the feeling that the poet delicately and immaculately craftsmanship. Among the dramatis personae Sri brings out the finer and the most elemental virtues Krsna seems to have received the best attention like love, longing, ecstasy and transcendence and artistic favour from the master, Vyasadev. As without any conscious attempt to mystify or to it turns out, Sri Krsna emerges as the most portray them out into larger-than-life statures. The glamorous, charismatic and the most sought-after poet with the best of his artistic and lyrical character. He is not only the possessor of the manoeuvres keeps himself grounded in reality. unique panchajanya conch and the formidable More than three hundred years after, yet Sudarshan Chakra; he is the omniscient, another Odia poet, with no direct knowledge of philosopher-king, rhetorician, diplomat, strategist, Sanskrit or any trace of scholarship, and purely statesman, guide, friend, preceptor, conscience- from agrarian background shows an incredible keeper, crisis-manager, spokesperson and the feat by composing the Mahabharata in Odia. And ambassador of the Pandavas. thus doing he becomes the pioneer, the path-finder. Further, Vyasa’s doting on the character And soon others from Bengal, Assam and the of Sri Krsna takes the centre-stage and remains Hindi belt follow the suit. He is Sarala Dasa. His the focal-point in the entire stretch of the Mahabharata in Odia is not a translation of the grandiloquent Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, a massive original Sanskrit Mahabharata, nor even written sub-plot, that spans quite impressive eighteen in the shadow of it. It is out and out original both chapters, and ultimately turns out to be the in structure and content though; the general quintessence of the great epic. schemata and the main story-line remains on the On this ionian highway the next backdrop. As a western scholar John Boulton conspicuous milestone after Vyasa that we stumble looks at it : “Sarala Dasa’s Mahabharata was the upon is the 12th century Sanskrit poet from first important Odia work on the Jagannath cult. Odisha, Jayadeva. While Vyasa only highlights Though Sri Krsna is portrayed as the protagonist Krsna’s spiritual, intellectual and diplomatic traits of Sarala Mahabharata, Sri Jagannath continues and blows the character out into a larger - than - to be Sarala’s “counter theme”. life stature; Jayadeva in his classic Gita Govinda As Boulton explains : focuses only on the sensuous, romantic inter- Scattered throughout his Mahabharata, actions between the divine pair, Sri Krsna and Sarala presents a number of historical, racial Sri Radha, often bordering on sensuality and March - 2014 1 Odisha Review Classical Status to Odia Language memories, which appear in the form of dream like, Sri Jagannath Cult : A veritable melting narrative sequence. In recounting them he is pot : Odisha (synonymous with Sri Jagannath - a obviously looking back from the stand-point of a cult, a way of life, a living culture) has been a tradition… It is clear from his account that his meeting ground, a melting pot of all sects and sympathies lie with the Savaras, whose God in faiths since time immemorial. Brahmanya, Jaina, origin Jagannath was. Buddha, Natha, Saivya, Shakta, Soura, Sarala (who proves himself every inch a Ganapatya, Nirguna, Saguna, Vaishnava - all poet, original and striking) breaks away from the streams have flooded the Odisha coast. And master craftsman Vyasa in more than one ways. Sarala Mahabharata has the unique distinction of First, he heavily rationalizes the portrayal of the integrating, synthesizing and reflecting the myriad character of Sri Krsna. In a way, Sarala reacts thoughts and faiths. At several points in Sarala against the Sanskritic-Hindu-Aryan pantheon of Mahabharata, Jagannath is identified as Buddha, Gods and Goddesses. So we are not at all Krsna and Rama. surprised to find the various Gods and Goddesses As Sarala writes in the Adi Parva : including Lord Krsna without any supernatural Salute thee Sri Jagannath clout or larger-than-life portrayal in Sarala The revered One whose domain Mahabharata. As Boulton comments: Is the Blue Hills: He sits pretty as Sri Buddha …here we come to the crux of the matter - Sarala There in the Blue Cavern Dasa behaves towards Krsna in the traditional At another point in the Adi Parva Sarala writes: manner of Odias towards Jagannath : he mocks Glory be to Rama Krsna and debunks him. In doing so he breaks away Brahmaa as Subhadra from the path of both Vyasa and Jayadeva. And to the great soul Buddha … Vyasa had exalted Krsna as the In Madhya Parva Sarala writes : philosopher-hero and Jayadeva as the divine There comes Sri Jagannath lover.
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