DOCSLIB.ORG

Format Format Format \Title{Formatting Information} Format Format Format

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Format Format Format \Title{Formatting Information} Format Format Format i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page 1 --- #1 i format format format \title{formatting information} format format format An introduction to typesetting with LATEX Peter Flynn i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page 2 --- #2 i Copyright This document is copyright © 1999–2017 by Silmaril Consultants under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (copyleft). Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later ver- sion published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in Appendix 6 starting on page 271. You are allowed to distribute, reproduce, and modify this document without fee or further requirement for consent subject to the conditions in section F.5 on page 275. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this document. If you make useful modifications you are asked to inform the author so that the master copy can be updated for the benefit of others. The PDF edition was typeset with X LE ATEX in Charis SIL, Raleway, and Nimbus15 Narrow from the XML master document also used in the web and eBook editions, transformed with XSLT2, Calibre, and kindlegen. Readers of the Kindle (.mobi) version may notice that the TEX and related logos are reproduced in plain text rather than with the special spacing and alignment normally seen; this is to compensate for the many deficiencies of the Kindle file format and the Kindle devices, which are not capable of reproducing microtypographic adjustments. Standard EPUB3 eBook readers are not affected by this and show the logos in their correct form. i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page 3 --- #3 i Formatting Information An introduction to typesetting with LATEX Peter Flynn rmation fo M In a n a g e silmaril m e n s t t C n o a t n l s u 4th December 2018 i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page 4 --- #4 i i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page i --- #5 i Contents Welcome to Formatting Information ........................ vii Credits ....................................... ix Foreword ...................................... xi Preface ....................................... xv Introduction .................................... xxi 1 Writing documents 1 1.1 Markup ................................... 2 1.2 Choosing your LATEX processor ....................... 4 1.3 Quick start for the impatient ........................ 7 1.4 LATEX commands ............................... 9 1.4.1 Simple commands .......................... 12 1.4.2 Commands with arguments ..................... 13 1.5 White-space in LATEX ............................. 13 1.5.1 Swallowing space after commands ................. 13 1.6 Special characters .............................. 15 1.6.1 Using the special characters .................... 15 1.7 Quotation marks .............................. 17 1.8 Accents .................................... 19 1.9 Dimensions, hyphenation, justification, and breaking .......... 23 1.9.1 Specifying size units ......................... 23 1.9.2 Hyphenation ............................. 26 1.9.3 Breakable and unbreakable text .................. 27 1.9.4 Dashes ................................ 28 1.9.5 Justification ............................. 29 1.9.6 Languages .............................. 30 1.10 Mathematics ................................. 31 2 Basic structures 33 2.1 The Document Class Declaration ...................... 34 2.1.1 Document classes .......................... 34 2.1.2 Extending the default classes .................... 35 2.1.3 Document class options ....................... 36 2.2 The document environment ........................ 39 2.3 Titling .................................... 42 2.4 Abstracts and summaries .......................... 44 2.5 A little think about structure ........................ 45 2.6 Sections ................................... 47 2.6.1 Section numbering .......................... 48 2.7 Ordinary paragraphs ............................ 49 2.8 Table of contents .............................. 51 £ Formatting Information ¢ i ¡ i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page ii --- #6 i FORMATTING INFORMATION 3 Packages and CTAN 55 3.1 Packages and classes ............................ 56 3.1.1 Using an existing class ....................... 57 3.1.2 Using an existing package ...................... 57 3.1.3 Package documentation ....................... 59 3.2 Installing classes and packages ....................... 59 3.2.1 Downloading packages ....................... 60 3.2.2 Installing a class or package manually ............... 61 3.2.3 Replicating the TDS ......................... 66 3.3 Where to go for help ............................ 67 3.3.1 Beginners start here ......................... 67 3.3.2 The Minimal [Non-]Working Example or MWE .......... 67 3.3.3 The FAQ ............................... 67 3.3.4 StackExchange ............................ 68 3.3.5 The TEXhax mailing list ....................... 68 3.3.6 Web sites ............................... 68 3.3.7 Usenet News ............................. 68 3.3.8 Google LATEX list ........................... 69 3.3.9 Commercial support ......................... 69 4 Lists, tables, figures 71 4.1 Lists ..................................... 72 4.1.1 Itemized lists ............................. 73 4.1.2 Enumerated lists ........................... 73 4.1.3 Description lists ........................... 74 4.1.4 Inline lists .............................. 75 4.1.5 Reference lists and segmented lists ................. 77 4.1.6 Lists within lists ........................... 77 4.2 Tables .................................... 79 4.2.1 Floats ................................. 79 4.2.2 Normal tables ............................ 81 4.2.3 Simple tabular matter ........................ 81 4.2.4 More complex tabular formatting ................. 85 4.2.5 More on tabular spacing ...................... 86 4.2.6 Tabular techniques for alignment ................. 88 4.3 Figures .................................... 89 4.4 Images .................................... 91 4.4.1 Image file formats .......................... 91 4.4.2 Resizing images ........................... 93 4.4.3 Making images ............................ 94 4.4.4 Graphics storage ........................... 96 4.5 Quotations .................................. 97 4.6 Boxes, sidebars, and panels ......................... 99 4.6.1 Boxes of text ............................. 99 4.6.2 Framed boxes ............................ 101 £ ¢ ii ¡ Formatting Information i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page iii --- #7 i CONTENTS 4.6.3 Sidebars and panels ......................... 102 4.7 Verbatim text ................................ 102 4.7.1 Inline verbatim ........................... 102 4.7.2 Display verbatim ........................... 105 5 Textual tools 107 5.1 Footnotes and end-notes .......................... 107 5.2 Marginal notes ................................ 109 5.3 References and citations .......................... 109 5.3.1 Cross-references ........................... 110 5.3.2 Bibliographic references ....................... 111 5.4 Indexes and glossaries ........................... 123 5.4.1 Indexes ................................ 123 5.4.2 Glossaries .............................. 124 5.5 Multiple columns .............................. 127 6 Layouts and fonts 129 6.1 Changing layout ............................... 129 6.1.1 Margins and spacing ......................... 131 6.1.2 Headers and footers ......................... 135 6.2 Using fonts .................................. 137 6.2.1 Setting up fonts for X LE ATEX ..................... 137 6.2.2 Changing the default font family with X LE ATEX ........... 139 6.2.3 Changing the default font family with LATEX and PDFLATEX .... 141 6.2.4 Changing the font-family temporarily with X LE ATEX ........ 146 6.2.5 Changing the font-family temporarily with LATEX and PDFLATEX .. 147 6.2.6 Changing type style ......................... 149 6.2.7 Font sizes ............................... 151 6.2.8 Logical markup ........................... 153 6.2.9 Colour ................................ 155 6.3 The LATEX font catalogue .......................... 157 7 Programmability 161 7.1 Simple replacement macros ........................ 161 7.2 Macros using information gathered previously .............. 162 7.3 Macros with arguments ........................... 165 7.4 Nested macros ................................ 167 7.5 Macros and environments ......................... 168 7.6 Reprogramming LATEX’s internals ...................... 170 7.6.1 Changing list item bullets ...................... 171 £ Formatting Information ¢ iii ¡ i i i i i i i ‘beginlatex’ --- 2018/12/4 --- 23:30 --- page iv --- #8 i FORMATTING INFORMATION 8 Compatibility 173 8.1 Converting into LATEX ............................ 175 8.1.1 Getting LATEX out of XML ...................... 177 8.2 Converting out of LATEX ........................... 182 8.2.1 Conversion to Word ......................... 183 8.2.2 The lwarp package ......................... 184 8.2.3 LATEX2HTML ............................. 184 8.2.4 TEX4ht ................................ 185 8.2.5 Extraction from PostScript and PDF ................ 185 8.2.6 Last resort: strip the markup .................... 186 8.3 Going beyond LATEX
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Typography One Typeface Classification Why Classify?
    Typography One typeface classification Why classify? Classification helps us describe and navigate type choices Typeface classification helps to: 1. sort type (scholars, historians, type manufacturers), 2. reference type (educators, students, designers, scholars) Approximately 250,000 digital typefaces are available today— Even with excellent search engines, a common system of description is a big help! classification systems Many systems have been proposed Francis Thibaudeau, 1921 Maximillian Vox, 1952 Vox-ATypI, 1962 Aldo Novarese, 1964 Alexander Lawson, 1966 Blackletter Venetian French Dutch-English Transitional Modern Sans Serif Square Serif Script-Cursive Decorative J. Ben Lieberman, 1967 Marcel Janco, 1978 Ellen Lupton, 2004 The classification system you will learn is a combination of Lawson’s and Lupton’s systems Black Letter Old Style serif Transitional serif Modern Style serif Script Cursive Slab Serif Geometric Sans Grotesque Sans Humanist Sans Display & Decorative basic characteristics + stress + serifs (or lack thereof) + shape stress: where the thinnest parts of a letter fall diagonal stress vertical stress no stress horizontal stress Old Style serif Transitional serif or Slab Serif or or reverse stress (Centaur) Modern Style serif Sans Serif Display & Decorative (Baskerville) (Helvetica) (Edmunds) serif types bracketed serifs unbracketed serifs slab serifs no serif Old Style Serif and Modern Style Serif Slab Serif or Square Serif Sans Serif Transitional Serif (Bodoni) or Egyptian (Helvetica) (Baskerville) (Rockwell/Clarendon) shape Geometric Sans Serif Grotesk Sans Serif Humanist Sans Serif (Futura) (Helvetica) (Gill Sans) Geometric sans are based on basic Grotesk sans look precisely drawn. Humanist sans are based on shapes like circles, triangles, and They have have uniform, human writing.
    [Show full text]
  • CSS Font Stacks by Classification
    CSS font stacks by classification Written by Frode Helland When Johann Gutenberg printed his famous Bible more than 600 years ago, the only typeface available was his own. Since the invention of moveable lead type, throughout most of the 20th century graphic designers and printers have been limited to one – or perhaps only a handful of typefaces – due to costs and availability. Since the birth of desktop publishing and the introduction of the worlds firstWYSIWYG layout program, MacPublisher (1985), the number of typefaces available – literary at our fingertips – has grown exponen- tially. Still, well into the 21st century, web designers find them selves limited to only a handful. Web browsers depend on the users own font files to display text, and since most people don’t have any reason to purchase a typeface, we’re stuck with a selected few. This issue force web designers to rethink their approach: letting go of control, letting the end user resize, restyle, and as the dynamic web evolves, rewrite and perhaps also one day rearrange text and data. As a graphic designer usually working with static printed items, CSS font stacks is very unfamiliar: A list of typefaces were one take over were the previous failed, in- stead of that single specified Stempel Garamond 9/12 pt. that reads so well on matte stock. Am I fighting the evolution? I don’t think so. Some design principles are universal, independent of me- dium. I believe good typography is one of them. The technology that will let us use typefaces online the same way we use them in print is on it’s way, although moving at slow speed.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic and Interactive R Graphics for the Web: the Gridsvg Package
    JSS Journal of Statistical Software MMMMMM YYYY, Volume VV, Issue II. http://www.jstatsoft.org/ Dynamic and Interactive R Graphics for the Web: The gridSVG Package Paul Murrell Simon Potter The Unversity of Auckland The Unversity of Auckland Abstract This article describes the gridSVG package, which provides functions to convert grid- based R graphics to an SVG format. The package also provides a function to associate hyperlinks with components of a plot, a function to animate components of a plot, a function to associate any SVG attribute with a component of a plot, and a function to add JavaScript code to a plot. The last two of these provides a basis for adding interactivity to the SVG version of the plot. Together these tools provide a way to generate dynamic and interactive R graphics for use in web pages. Keywords: world-wide web, graphics, R, SVG. 1. Introduction Interactive and dynamic plots within web pages are becomingly increasingly popular, as part of a general trend towards making data sets more open and accessible on the web, for example, GapMinder (Rosling 2008) and ManyEyes (Viegas, Wattenberg, van Ham, Kriss, and McKeon 2007). The R language and environment for statistical computing and graphics (R Development Core Team 2011) has many facilities for producing plots, and it can produce graphics formats that are suitable for including in web pages, but the core graphics facilities in R are largely focused on static plots. This article describes an R extension package, gridSVG, that is designed to embellish and transform a standard, static R plot and turn it into a dynamic and interactive plot that can be embedded in a web page.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists: Managing Writing Systems Using Orthography Profiles
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles Moran, Steven ; Cysouw, Michael DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.290662 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-135400 Monograph The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: Moran, Steven; Cysouw, Michael (2017). The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles. CERN Data Centre: Zenodo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.290662 The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists Managing writing systems using orthography profiles Steven Moran & Michael Cysouw Change dedication in localmetadata.tex Preface This text is meant as a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, whowork with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together. The intersection of the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Al- phabet is often not met without frustration by users. Nevertheless, thetwo standards have provided language researchers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze data from many different languages. We bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls that researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Our research uses quantitative methods to compare languages and uncover and clarify their phylogenetic relations. However, the majority of lexical data available from the world’s languages is in author- or document-specific orthogra- phies.
    [Show full text]
  • Encapsulated Postscript Application Guide for Mac And
    Encapsulated PostScript Encapsulated PostScript Application Guide for the Macintosh and PCs Peter Vollenweider Manager User Services Universi1y of Zurich A ·Carl Hanser .Verlag :II Prentice Hall First published in German 1989 by Carl Hanser Verlag under the title EPS-Handbuch: Encapsulated PostScript First published in English 1990 by Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd 66 Wood Lane End, Hemel Hempstead Hertfordshire HP2 4RG A division of Simon & Schuster International Group ©Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich and Vienna 1989 ©Carl Hanser Verlag and Prentice Hall 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, witliout prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. For permission within the United States of America contact Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632. The Sonata clef design on the cover shows the mixing of randomly placed Sonata font types, smoothed curves and patterns; courtesy of John F. Sherman, ND Design Program, University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Dotesios Printers Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vollenweider, Peter. (Encapsulated PostScript. English) Encapsulated PostScript : application guide for the Macintosh and PC's I Peter Vollenweider. p. em. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-13-275843-1 1. PostScript (Computer program language) I. Title. QA76.73.P67V65 1990 005 .265-dc20 90-35469 CIP British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Vollenweider, Peter Encapsulated PostScript : application guide for the Macintosh and PC's. 1. Microcomputer systems. Software packages I.
    [Show full text]
  • Font HOWTO Font HOWTO
    Font HOWTO Font HOWTO Table of Contents Font HOWTO......................................................................................................................................................1 Donovan Rebbechi, elflord@panix.com..................................................................................................1 1.Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 2.Fonts 101 −− A Quick Introduction to Fonts........................................................................................1 3.Fonts 102 −− Typography.....................................................................................................................1 4.Making Fonts Available To X..............................................................................................................1 5.Making Fonts Available To Ghostscript...............................................................................................1 6.True Type to Type1 Conversion...........................................................................................................2 7.WYSIWYG Publishing and Fonts........................................................................................................2 8.TeX / LaTeX.........................................................................................................................................2 9.Getting Fonts For Linux.......................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Application Programming Interfaces for Content Curation
    US010162805B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 162, 805 B2 Grigorovitch et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: * Dec . 25, 2018 ( 54 ) APPLICATION PROGRAMMING (56 ) References Cited INTERFACES FOR CONTENT CURATION U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS (71 ) Applicant: Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC , 7 ,478 , 170 B2 1/ 2009 Ong et al. Redmond , WA (US ) 7 ,577 , 906 B2 8 /2009 Friedrichowitz et al. (72 ) Inventors : Alexandre V . Grigorovitch , ( Continued ) Woodinville , WA (US ) ; Robert A . Little , Redmond , WA (US ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CN 1773496 A 5 /2006 ( 73 ) Assignee : Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC , CN 101983380 A 3 / 2011 Redmond , WA (US ) (Continued ) ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . “ Converting Microsoft Office Binary Files to Open XML Formats ” , This patent is subject to a terminal dis Retrieved From : http : // msdn .microsoft .com /en - us / library /office / claimer . jj649005 . aspx , Retrieved on : Oct. 30 , 2012, 4 Pages. ( Continued ) ( 21 ) Appl. No .: 15 /915 , 030 ( 22 ) Filed : Mar. 7 , 2018 Primary Examiner — Asher D Kells ( 74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Talem IP Law , LLP (65 ) Prior Publication Data US 2018 /0196788 A1 Jul. 12 , 2018 (57 ) ABSTRACT Related U . S . Application Data Content curation can be facilitated by an application pro gramming interface ( API) for creating an address for a block (63 ) Continuation of application No. 13 / 892 ,314 , filed on of content in a document identified through a location May 13 , 2013 , now Pat. No . 9 , 946 ,691 , which is a identifier as well as APIs for retrieving content from the ( Continued ) created address and pushing or merging the content back to the created address .
    [Show full text]
  • CSS 2.1) Specification
    Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification W3C Editors Draft 26 February 2014 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/ED-CSS2-20140226 Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2 Previous versions: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607 http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/ Editors: Bert Bos <bert @w3.org> Tantek Çelik <tantek @cs.stanford.edu> Ian Hickson <ian @hixie.ch> Håkon Wium Lie <howcome @opera.com> Please refer to the errata for this document. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: plain text, gzip'ed tar file, zip file, gzip'ed PostScript, PDF. See also translations. Copyright © 2011 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 revision 1 (CSS 2.1). CSS 2.1 is a style sheet language that allows authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts and spacing) to structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML applications). By separating the presentation style of documents from the content of documents, CSS 2.1 simplifies Web authoring and site maintenance. CSS 2.1 builds on CSS2 [CSS2] which builds on CSS1 [CSS1]. It supports media- specific style sheets so that authors may tailor the presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices, printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. It also supports content positioning, table layout, features for internationalization and some properties related to user interface. CSS 2.1 corrects a few errors in CSS2 (the most important being a new definition of the height/width of absolutely positioned elements, more influence for HTML's "style" attribute and a new calculation of the 'clip' property), and adds a few highly requested features which have already been widely implemented.
    [Show full text]
  • DE-Tex-FAQ (Vers. 72
    Fragen und Antworten (FAQ) über das Textsatzsystem TEX und DANTE, Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TEX e.V. Bernd Raichle, Rolf Niepraschk und Thomas Hafner Version 72 vom September 2003 Dieser Text enthält häufig gestellte Fragen und passende Antworten zum Textsatzsy- stem TEX und zu DANTE e.V. Er kann über beliebige Medien frei verteilt werden, solange er unverändert bleibt (in- klusive dieses Hinweises). Die Autoren bitten bei Verteilung über gedruckte Medien, über Datenträger wie CD-ROM u. ä. um Zusendung von mindestens drei Belegexem- plaren. Anregungen, Ergänzungen, Kommentare und Bemerkungen zur FAQ senden Sie bit- te per E-Mail an [email protected] 1 Inhalt Inhalt 1 Allgemeines 5 1.1 Über diese FAQ . 5 1.2 CTAN, das ‚Comprehensive TEX Archive Network‘ . 8 1.3 Newsgroups und Diskussionslisten . 10 2 Anwendervereinigungen, Tagungen, Literatur 17 2.1 DANTE e.V. 17 2.2 Anwendervereinigungen . 19 2.3 Tagungen »geändert« .................................... 21 2.4 Literatur »geändert« .................................... 22 3 Textsatzsystem TEX – Übersicht 32 3.1 Grundlegendes . 32 3.2 Welche TEX-Formate gibt es? Was ist LATEX? . 38 3.3 Welche TEX-Weiterentwicklungen gibt es? . 41 4 Textsatzsystem TEX – Bezugsquellen 45 4.1 Wie bekomme ich ein TEX-System? . 45 4.2 TEX-Implementierungen »geändert« ........................... 48 4.3 Editoren, Frontend-/GUI-Programme »geändert« .................... 54 5 TEX, LATEX, Makros etc. (I) 62 5.1 LATEX – Grundlegendes . 62 5.2 LATEX – Probleme beim Umstieg von LATEX 2.09 . 67 5.3 (Silben-)Trennung, Absatz-, Seitenumbruch . 68 5.4 Seitenlayout, Layout allgemein, Kopf- und Fußzeilen »geändert« . 72 6 TEX, LATEX, Makros etc. (II) 79 6.1 Abbildungen und Tafeln .
    [Show full text]
  • Katowice 2015
    Więcej o książce CENA 28 ZŁ ISSN 0208-6336 (+ VAT) ISBN 978-83-8012-387-8 KATOWICE 2015 NR 3469 KATOWICE 2015 Redaktor serii: Językoznawstwo Polonistyczne Bożena Witosz Recenzentka Piotra Łobacz Wstęp Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny (dalej: IPA) jest powszechnie znanym systemem transkrypcji stosowanym w różnych dziedzinach badań nad mową, lecz bardzo rzadko używanym w obrębie językoznawstwa polskiego, nie tylko w badaniach nad językiem polskim, ale także nad innymi językami słowiań­ skimi. Co więcej, nie dysponujemy, poza jednym wyjątkiem (Żurawski, red., 2011), polskim opracowaniem zawierającym obecnie obowiązujące symbole alfabetu międzynarodowego. Zestawy symboli opublikowane w pracach Wiktora Jassema (zob. bibliografia), w Słowniku wymowy polskiej PWN (SWP, 1977) oraz Encyklopedii językoznawstwa ogólnego (EJO, 1999), a także w wielu podręcznikach zdezaktualizowały się po 1989 roku. Zresztą nawet w opra­ cowaniu Język polski. Nauka o języku (Żurawski, red., 2011) nie znajdziemy wszystkich symboli IPA ani bardzo potrzebnych wskazówek dotyczących tego alfabetu (sposobu stawiania symboli oraz opisu ich budowy graficznej). Zadanie omówienia IPA jest bardzo skomplikowane, ponieważ nie wystarczy podać wartości samych symboli (a jest ich bardzo dużo, bo ponad 2501), ale trzeba także wyjaśnić sposób ich użycia (szczególnie ważne jest to w przy­ padku diakrytów), ich budowę (to z kolei jest istotne w przypadku nietypo­ wych liter typu <ʒ ɟ>), znaczenie angielskich terminów fonetycznych stoso­ wanych w opisie symboli IPA (nie ma tutaj pełnej jednoznaczności względem terminów polskich), sposoby konstruowania symboli fonetycznych w edyto­ rach tekstu (od czcionek komputerowych, tzw. fontów, zawierających sym­ bole IPA począwszy, na sposobach pozycjonowania znaków diakrytycznych skończywszy). Tak zaprojektowana monografia byłaby jednak niepraktyczna: zawierałaby ogromną ilość informacji, z których przeciętny użytkownik alfa­ betu fonetycznego nie skorzystałby, a już na pewno nie studiowałby ich po to tylko, by wstawić do swojego tekstu kilka symboli fonetycznych.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DELL COMPUTER GAMES SERIES Alastair Gourlay
    THE DELL COMPUTER GAMES SERIES MORE THAN 25 FASCINATING, ORIGINAL PROGRAMS FOR ARCADE-STYLE GAMES, BRAIN TEASERS, WORD GAMES, PUZZLES, AND MUSIC TO CHALLENGE AND ENTERTAIN YOU Alastair Gourlay I .1 , II I· GAMES I FOR YOUR Vle20 I I I I I I I I I I I I ·1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I THE DELL COMPUTER GAMES SERIES GAMES FOR YOUR TIMEX-SINCLAIR 1000 GAMES FOR YOUR TIMEX-SINCLAIR 2000 I GAMES FOR YOUR VIC20 GAMES FOR YOUR ATARI COMPUTER I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I !I THE DElL COMPUTER I GAMES II SERIES II I GAMES FOR YOUR I VIC20 I I Alastair Gourlay I Series editor: Tim Hartnell I I A DELL TRADE PAPERBACK I I I A DELL TRADE PAPERBACK I Published by Dell Publishing Co., Inc. 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza New York, New York 10017 I GAMES FOR YOUR VIC 20 was first published in Great Britain by I Virgin Books Ltd. as part of the Virgin Computer Games Series. I Copyright © 1983 by InterfaceNirgin Books I All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or I mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the Publisher, except where permitted by law. Dell ® TM 681510, Dell Publishing Co., Inc. I Printed in the United States of America First U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fontspec Package Font Selection for XƎLATEX and Lualatex
    The fontspec package Font selection for XƎLATEX and LuaLATEX Will Robertson and Khaled Hosny [email protected] 2013/05/12 v2.3b Contents 7.5 Different features for dif- ferent font sizes . 14 1 History 3 8 Font independent options 15 2 Introduction 3 8.1 Colour . 15 2.1 About this manual . 3 8.2 Scale . 16 2.2 Acknowledgements . 3 8.3 Interword space . 17 8.4 Post-punctuation space . 17 3 Package loading and options 4 8.5 The hyphenation character 18 3.1 Maths fonts adjustments . 4 8.6 Optical font sizes . 18 3.2 Configuration . 5 3.3 Warnings .......... 5 II OpenType 19 I General font selection 5 9 Introduction 19 9.1 How to select font features 19 4 Font selection 5 4.1 By font name . 5 10 Complete listing of OpenType 4.2 By file name . 6 font features 20 10.1 Ligatures . 20 5 Default font families 7 10.2 Letters . 20 6 New commands to select font 10.3 Numbers . 21 families 7 10.4 Contextuals . 22 6.1 More control over font 10.5 Vertical Position . 22 shape selection . 8 10.6 Fractions . 24 6.2 Math(s) fonts . 10 10.7 Stylistic Set variations . 25 6.3 Miscellaneous font select- 10.8 Character Variants . 25 ing details . 11 10.9 Alternates . 25 10.10 Style . 27 7 Selecting font features 11 10.11 Diacritics . 29 7.1 Default settings . 11 10.12 Kerning . 29 7.2 Changing the currently se- 10.13 Font transformations . 30 lected features .
    [Show full text]