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RUMOURS of RAIN: NAMIBIA's POST-INDEPENDENCE EXPERIENCE Andre Du Pisani
SOUTHERN AFRICAN ISSUES RUMOURS OF RAIN: NAMIBIA'S POST-INDEPENDENCE EXPERIENCE Andre du Pisani THE .^-y^Vr^w DIE SOUTH AFRICAN i^W*nVv\\ SUID AFRIKAANSE INSTITUTE OF f I \V\tf)) }) INSTITUUT VAN INTERNATIONAL ^^J£g^ INTERNASIONALE AFFAIRS ^*^~~ AANGELEENTHEDE SOUTHERN AFRICAN ISSUES NO 3 RUMOURS OF RAIN: NAMIBIA'S POST-INDEPENDENCE EXPERIENCE Andre du Pisani ISBN NO.: 0-908371-88-8 February 1991 Toe South African Institute of International Affairs Jan Smuts House P.O. Box 31596 Braamfontein 2017 Johannesburg South Africa CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 POUTICS IN AFRICA'S NEWEST STATE 2 National Reconciliation 2 Nation Building 4 Labour in Namibia 6 Education 8 The Local State 8 The Judiciary 9 Broadcasting 10 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC REALM - AN UNBALANCED INHERITANCE 12 Mining 18 Energy 19 Construction 19 Fisheries 20 Agriculture and Land 22 Foreign Exchange 23 FOREIGN RELATIONS - NAMIBIA AND THE WORLD 24 CONCLUSIONS 35 REFERENCES 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40 ANNEXURES I - 5 and MAP 44 INTRODUCTION Namibia's accession to independence on 21 March 1990 was an uplifting event, not only for the people of that country, but for the Southern African region as a whole. Independence brought to an end one of the most intractable and wasteful conflicts in the region. With independence, the people of Namibia not only gained political freedom, but set out on the challenging task of building a nation and defining their relations with the world. From the perspective of mediation, the role of the international community in bringing about Namibia's independence in general, and that of the United Nations in particular, was of a deep structural nature. -
Namibia a Violation of Trust
AN OXFAM REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR POVERTY IN NAMIBIA M Y First Published 1986 ©Oxfam 1986 ISBN 0 85598 0761 Printed in Great Britain by Express Litho Service (Oxford) Published by Oxfam 274 Banbury Road Oxford 0X2 7DZ United Kingdom This book converted to digital file in 2010 Acknowledgements My main thanks must go to all the Namibian people who generously gave their time and expertise to help with the research for this book, particularly Oxfam friends and partners. I am also grateful to the Overseas Development Administration, the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, the Catholic Institute for International Relations and the Namibian Support Committee for their assistance in providing information. Thanks are especially due for the time and advice given by all those who read and commented on the drafts. In particular, I am grateful to Richard Moorsom who helped with both research and editing, and to Justin Ellis, Julio Faundez, Peter Katjavivi, Prudence Smith, Paul Spray and Brian Wood. This book reflects the collective experience of Oxfam's work in Namibia over the past twenty-two years and I have therefore relied on the active collaboration of Oxfam staff and trustees. Sue Coxhead deserves special thanks for her help with research and typing. Finally, without the special help with childcare given by Mandy Bristow, Caroline Lovick and Prudence Smith, the book would never have seen the light of day. Susanna Smith March 1986 ANGOLA A M B I A 3*S^_5 Okavango Si Swamp .or Map 1: Namibia and its neighbours Map 2: Namibia B OTSWANA frontiers restricted areas 'homelands' tar roads AT LANTIC «~ other roads OCEAN railways rivers Luderi I capital city A main towns A mines: 1 TSUMEB copper/lead 2 ROSSING uranium 3 ORANJEMUNO diamonds Oranjemu Scale: 100 200 miles AFRICA Adapted from The Namibians, the Minority Rights Group report no. -
Seventh E.V. Komarek, Sr. Memorial Fire Ecology Lecture Fire—A Key Factor in the Ecology and Management of African Grasslands and Savannas
SEVENTH E.V. KOMAREK, SR. MEMORIAL FIRE ECOLOGY LECTURE FIRE—A KEY FACTOR IN THE ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF AFRICAN GRASSLANDS AND SAVANNAS Winston S.W. Trollope1 University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa Winston S.W. Trollope Seventh E.V. Komarek, Sr. Memorial Fire Ecology Lecturer ABSTRACT Fire is regarded as a natural ecological factor of the environment that has been occurring since time immemorial in savannas and grasslands on the continent of Africa. The African continent is highly prone to lightning storms and has an ideal fire climate with dry and wet periods. It also has the most extensive area of tropical savanna on the earth, characterized by a grassy understory that becomes extremely flammable during the dry season. The use of fire in the management of vegetation for both domestic livestock systems and wildlife is widely recognized. Research on the effects of fire has been conducted throughout the grasslands and savannas of Africa since the early 20th century, and has focused on the effects of season and frequency of burning on forage production potential of the grass sward and the ratio of bush to grass in African savannas. In 1971, a conference was held in the United States by Tall Timbers Research Station in Tallahassee, Florida, on the theme ‘‘Fire in Africa.’’ This congress was attended by fire ecologists from throughout Africa. A major benefit that accrued from this meeting was the realization that in Africa the study of fire behavior and its effects on the ecosystem, as described by type and intensity of fire, had been largely ignored in the fire research. -
South West Africa
South West Africa: travesty of trust; the expert papers and findings of the International Conference on South West Africa, Oxford, 23-26 March 1966, with a postscript by Iain MacGibbon on the 1966 judgement of the International Court of Justice http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp3b10032 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org South West Africa: travesty of trust; the expert papers and findings of the International Conference on South West Africa, Oxford, 23-26 March 1966, with a postscript by Iain MacGibbon on the 1966 judgement of the International Court of Justice Author/Creator Segal, Ronald (editor); First, Ruth (editor) Date 1967 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Namibia Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. -
Luregn Lenggenhager Nature Conservation, Development And
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2018 Ruling nature, controlling people: nature conservation, development and war in North-Eastern Namibia since the 1920s Lenggenhager, Luregn Abstract: Recent nature conservation initiatives in Southern Africa such as communal conservancies and peace parks are often embedded in narratives of economic development and ecological research. They are also increasingly marked by militarisation and violence. In Ruling Nature, Controlling People, Luregn Lenggenhager shows that these features were also characteristic of South African rule over the Caprivi Strip region in North-Eastern Namibia, especially in the fields of forestry, fisheries and, ulti- mately, wildlife conservation. In the process, the increasingly internationalised war in the region from the late 1960s until Namibia’s independence in 1990 became intricately interlinked with contemporary nature conservation, ecology and economic development projects. By retracing such interdependencies, Lenggenhager provides a novel perspective from which to examine the history of a region which has until now barely entered the focus of historical research. He thereby highlights the enduring relevance of the supposedly peripheral Caprivi and its military, scientific and environmental histories for efforts to develop a deeper understanding of the ways in which apartheid South Africa exerted state power. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-150287 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Lenggenhager, Luregn (2018). Ruling nature, controlling people: nature conservation, development and war in North-Eastern Namibia since the 1920s. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien. Luregn Lenggenhager Ruling Nature, Controlling People Caprivi Strip region in North-Eastern Namibia, especially in the fields of forestry, fisheries and, ultimately, wildlife conservation. -
An Analysis of the Role of Traditional Leadership in Partnership Policing
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN PARTNERSHIP POLICING by DUMISANI QUIET MABUNDA Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in POLICE SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR JG VAN GRAAN SEPTEMBER 2017 DECLARATION I, Dumisani Quiet Mabunda, hereby declare that “An analysis of the role of traditional leadership in partnership in policing”, submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree Doctor of Literature and Philosophy in Police Science, is my own work and has not previously been submitted to another institution of higher education. All sources used in this thesis have been appropriately cited or quoted, and are indicated and acknowledged in the comprehensive list of references. I understand and adhere to the Ethical Code as presented by the Human Sciences Research Council and the UNISA Code of Ethics. ____________________ DQ MABUNDA STUDENT NUMBER: 32885695 DATE: 05 September 2017 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation, gratitude and thanks to: God Almighty, who gave me the strength, ability and courage to complete this thesis; My promoter, Professor J van Graan, for his guidance, patience and encouragement throughout my study; The South African Police Service for granting me permission to conduct the research; The Station Commissioners of Giyani and Malamulele police stations, for assistance in organising the participants and logistics for the interviews; The representative of the Department of Cooperative Government and Traditional Affairs in Limpopo; The representative of the Department of Community Safety and Liaison in Limpopo; The Chairpersons of the Community Police Forum (CPF) in Giyani and Malamulele; Ms Nancy Morkel, language editor, for editing the thesis. -
Guerrilla Warfare in Namibia and Associated Implications for External Military Involvement
GUERRILLA WARFARE IN NAMIBIA AND ASSOCIATED IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTERNAL MILITARY INVOLVEMENT Michael Shannon McCraty if, CA I^^^H NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS GUERRILLA WARFARE IN NAMIBIA AND /iSSOCIATED IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTERNAL MILITARY INVOLVEMENT by Michael Shannon Mc C rary March 1979 Thesis Advisor: 3arry M. Schutz Approved for public release; distribution unlimited T188645 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data Entarad) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORK 1. REPORT NUUlt* 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. I. RECIPIENT' J CAT AI.OG MuMREA 4. TITLE tand Subtltla) 5- type of report ttmoo covered Guerrilla Warfare in Namibia and Master's Thesis; Associated Implications for External March, 1979 Military Involvement S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT xuMICK 7. AUTHORfa; • . CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMSCAVa Michael Shannon McCrary t. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROj£C~ ASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 939^0 It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO AOORESS 12. REPORT DATE Naval Postgraduate School March 1979 Monterey, California 939^0 I). NUMBER OF PAGES 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESS/!/ dlllarant from Controlling Otll ea) IS. SECURITY CLASS. Co/ rftla ra>orr; Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 939^0 ISa. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol thla Kapert) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol tha amatrmet antarad In Black 20, II dlllarant tram Raport) IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES It. KEY WORDS (Continua on raaaraa aida II naeaaaarr and Idantlty by block numaar t 20. ABSTRACT (Continua on ravaraa aida It naeaaaarr and Idantltr ay block numaar) There have been few unclassified attempts within the United States, if any, to document the guerrilla war in Namibia in its totality. -
The Khwe and West Caprivi Before Namibian Independence: Matters of Land, Labour, Power and Alliance Gertrud Boden
Journal of Namibian Studies, 5 (2009): 27–71 ISSN: 1863-5954 The Khwe and West Caprivi before Namibian independence: Matters of land, labour, power and alliance Gertrud Boden Abstract This article outlines the pre-independence past of the Khwe in West Caprivi, one of Namibia’s San populations whose history is yet to be written. Besides consolidating material from previous publications, it also presents fresh insights based on archival and oral sources. While the trans-regional networks and power relations, in which the Khwe participated before the onset of colonialism, remain blurred due to scarce source material, the article will show that the German colonial power, while not profoundly affecting the daily lives of West Caprivi residents, nevertheless had significant and long-lasting effects through the definition of the boundaries, which, although permeable for local residents, became crucial in rendering activities illegal, delineating territories of refuge and marking out areas affected by conflicts in the neighbouring countries. During the first decades of South African administration, the situation on the ground was not much different from that under German ‘control’. From 1940 onwards, however, the state intervened in local interethnic relations as well as in the economic lives of the Khwe in a number of ways: by making West Caprivi first a livestock free territory, then a nature conservation area and finally a military no-access zone. In addition the state had an impact by promoting the recruitment of Khwe men for mine labour, installing native guards and Khwe leaders, courting the Khwe as useful people and hiring Khwe as soldiers for the South African Defense Force. -
Caprivi Environmental Profile Project
•24 MCU7 . IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre Tel,:+31 70 30 669 80 Fax: +31 70 36 899 64 Caprivi Environmental Profile Project Information and literature resources Directorate of Environmental Affairs Ministry of Environment and Tourism I I Preface I The data available on the Caprivi cover the region from the 21 °E line of longitude, i.e. the Caprivi (Iiambezi) Region described in Proclamation 6 of 1992. The data were collected from various sources and using different methods. Copies of I die data are available in unprojected latitudes and longitudes in Arc View shape files (*.shp). Other data are available as MS Excel files (*.xls). Besides these digital data, there are satellite images, aerial photographs and a bibliography available on the Caprivi. The data can be I obtained from the Environmental Profiles Project in the Directorate of Environmental Affairs either copied on to regular 1.4 Mb disks, written to CD, or sent by e-mail. We hope to make the data available at a web/ftp site in the near future. I Information compiled by the Environmental Profiles Project is freely available while that derived from other sources can be used after getting permission from those organizations. The information is available at no cost in the spirit that human development I is stimulated by the unrestricted flow of information. I Environmental Profiles Project Directorate of Environmental Affairs I PI Bag 13306 Windhoek Tel: +264 +61 +249015 I Fax: +264 +61 +240339 I E -mail: mendelso @ Windhoek, alt. na I I I I I I I LIBRARY IRC PO Box 93190, 2509 AD THE HAGUE Tel.: +31 70 30 689 80 Fax: +31 70 35 899 64 I BARCODE: / u g A q LO: ^ I I ' Contents Physical environment I Climate (Aclimate) 4 Rainfall, temperature, humidity and evaporation data for weather stations in and around Caprivi (data available with permission). -
Download This Report
Copyright 8 August 1992 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 92-72844 ISBN: 1-56432-077-4 Africa Watch was established in 1988 to monitor and promote observance of internationally recognized human rights in Africa. Africa Watch is a division of Human Rights Watch. The chair of Africa Watch is William Carmichael and the vice chair is Alice Brown. Rakiya Omaar is the executive director; Alex de Waal is the associate director; Janet Fleischman and Karen Sorensen are research associates; Barbara Baker, Urmi Shah and Ben Penglase are associates. Human Rights Watch is composed of Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Watch, Helsinki Watch and Middle East Watch, and the Fund for Free Expression. The executive committee is comprised of Robert L. Bernstein, chair; Adrian DeWind, vice chair; Roland Algrant, Lisa Anderson, Peter Bell, Alice Brown, William Carmichael, Dorothy Cullman, Irene Diamond, Jonathan Fanton, Jack Greenberg, Alice H. Henkin, Stephen Kass, Marina Kaufman, Jeri Laber, Aryeh Neier, Bruce Rabb, Kenneth Roth, Orville Schell, Garry Sick, and Robert Wedgeworth. The staff includes Aryeh Neier, executive director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington director; Ellen Lutz, California director; Susan Osnos, press director; Jemera Rone, counsel; Joanna Weschler, Prison Project director; Dorothy Q. Thomas, Women's Rights Project director; and Allyson Collins, research associate. Executive Directors Africa Watch Americas Watch Asia -
Journal of Namibian Studies
Journal of Namibian Studies History, Politics, Culture 28 / 2020 Otjivanda Presse.Bochum ISSN 1863-5954 (print) ISSN 2197-5523 (online) Journal of Namibian Studies History Politics Culture Editor Andreas Eckl [email protected] Language Editor Eoin Ryan [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board Bruno Arich-Gerz, Department for German Language and Literature Studies, University Wuppertal, Germany Medardus Brehl, Institute for Diaspora and Genocide Studies, Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany Tilman Dedering, History Department, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Ute Dieckmann, Institute of Ethnology, University of Cologne, Germany Gregor Dobler, Institute of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University Freiburg, Germany John Friedman, Socio-Cultural Anthropology and Development, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands Wendi Haugh, Anthropology and African Studies, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, USA Matthias Häußler, Department of Sociology, University Siegen, Germany Dag Henrichsen, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, Basel, Switzerland Meredith McKittrick, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA Henning Melber, The Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, Sweden Andre du Pisani, Department of Political Studies, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia Chris Saunders, Department of Historical Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Napandulwe Shiweda, Multidisciplinary Research Center, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia Jake Short, Department -
Paper Proposal
Edinburgh Research Explorer Neither Arbitrary nor Artificial Citation for published version: Zeller, W 2010, 'Neither Arbitrary nor Artificial: Chiefs and the Making of the Namibia-Zambia Borderland', Journal of Borderlands Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2010.9695758 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1080/08865655.2010.9695758 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Journal of Borderlands Studies Publisher Rights Statement: ©Zeller, W. (2010). Neither Arbitrary nor Artificial: Chiefs and the Making of the Namibia-Zambia Borderland. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 25(2), 6-21doi: 10.1080/08865655.2010.9695758 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 This is an author final version, known as a postprint. ©Zeller, W. (2010). Neither Arbitrary nor Artificial: Chiefs and the Making of the Namibia-Zambia Borderland. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 25(2), 6-21doi: 10.1080/08865655.2010.9695758 Journal of Borderlands Studies 2010, 25(2),pp.