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An Analysis of the Role of Traditional Leadership in Partnership Policing

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An Analysis of the Role of Traditional Leadership in Partnership Policing AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN PARTNERSHIP POLICING by DUMISANI QUIET MABUNDA Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in POLICE SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR JG VAN GRAAN SEPTEMBER 2017 DECLARATION I, Dumisani Quiet Mabunda, hereby declare that “An analysis of the role of traditional leadership in partnership in policing”, submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree Doctor of Literature and Philosophy in Police Science, is my own work and has not previously been submitted to another institution of higher education. All sources used in this thesis have been appropriately cited or quoted, and are indicated and acknowledged in the comprehensive list of references. I understand and adhere to the Ethical Code as presented by the Human Sciences Research Council and the UNISA Code of Ethics. ____________________ DQ MABUNDA STUDENT NUMBER: 32885695 DATE: 05 September 2017 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation, gratitude and thanks to: God Almighty, who gave me the strength, ability and courage to complete this thesis; My promoter, Professor J van Graan, for his guidance, patience and encouragement throughout my study; The South African Police Service for granting me permission to conduct the research; The Station Commissioners of Giyani and Malamulele police stations, for assistance in organising the participants and logistics for the interviews; The representative of the Department of Cooperative Government and Traditional Affairs in Limpopo; The representative of the Department of Community Safety and Liaison in Limpopo; The Chairpersons of the Community Police Forum (CPF) in Giyani and Malamulele; Ms Nancy Morkel, language editor, for editing the thesis. iii ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to analyse the role that traditional leadership plays in partnership policing in Limpopo, particularly in the Giyani and Malamulele areas, South Africa. Given the challenges associated with traditional initiation schools, the study investigated factors that hinder the effective participation of traditional leadership in partnership policing; explored the extent of partnership policing in rural areas in Limpopo that are led by traditional leaders; and examined best practices with regard to the roles of traditional leadership in partnership policing. Potential areas of non-compliance with and ignorance of the law, and the Constitution, were identified. The role of traditional leadership in other African countries, such as Ghana, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Botswana, was also analysed. A comprehensive literature study on traditional leadership and international best practices on partnership policing was conducted. Traditional leaders play a vital role in the development process. Furthermore, traditional leaders play a significant role in resource mobilisation and political stability. The primary question guiding this study is: What is the role of traditional leadership in partnership policing in the rural areas of Limpopo? During the research process, in-depth interviews, non-participative observation and focus group interviews were conducted with the relevant role players. These role players included Chiefs, Indunas and Headmen, SAPS representatives, representatives from the Department of Community Safety and Liaison, as well as representatives from the Department of Cooperative Government and Traditional Affairs in Limpopo. The study fulfilled the following objectives: Identified factors that hinder the effective participation of traditional leadership in partnership policing; Explored the extent of partnership policing in rural areas, in Limpopo, led by traditional leaders; and Examined international best practices with regard to the role of traditional leadership in partnership policing. iv Based on the findings of this study, a Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Policing Strategy (MSPPS) was developed. This strategy could serve as a recommendation to advise the SAPS of a more substantial role that traditional leadership could fulfil in partnership policing in the rural areas of Limpopo; this would also contribute towards further identifying best practices with a view to benchmark such a strategy in rural areas throughout South Africa. This study makes a significant contribution to the improvement of working relations between the police and traditional leadership in Limpopo. Secondly, the study promotes nation-building, harmony and peace between traditional leadership, the SAPS and other relevant stakeholders in the quest to prevent crimes associated with traditional cultural practices. Key terms: Traditional leadership; partnership policing; community police forum; crime prevention; community; participation; Community Sector Forum; initiation school; crimes associated with traditional cultural practices v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CAPS : Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy COGTA : Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs COGHSTA : Co-operative Governance, Human Settlemen Settlements and Traditional Affairs CONTRALESA : Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa COPS : Community Oriented Policing Services CPF : Community Police Forum CSF : Community Safety Forum ICD : Independent Complaints Directorate IPID : Independent Police Investigative Directorate ISS : Institute for Security Studies NCPS : National Crime Prevention Strategy NCTL : National Council of Traditional Leaders NGO : Non-governmental Organisation NHTL : National House of Traditional Leaders POPCRU : Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union SAPS : South African Police Service SAPU : South African Police Union SSSBC : Safety and Security Sectoral Bargaining Council STATS SA : Statistics South Africa TLGFA : Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act WCSP : Wandsworth Community Safety Partners WPTLG : White Paper on Traditional Leadership and Governance vi DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my dear wife, Lindiwe Precious, and loving children, Nomfundo, Sibusiso, Nkateko and Musa, without whose support I would not have been able to complete this work. Thank you for your understanding and support. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION…… ............................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT………… ............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... vi DEDICATION………… ......................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ORIENTATION ............................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................... 4 1.4 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................ 6 1.4.1 Research aims .......................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................................. 7 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................... 7 1.6 DEMARCATION OF THE FIELD OF STUDY ....................................................... 8 1.7 DELIMITATION OR SCOPE OF THE STUDY...................................................... 8 1.8 KEY THEORETICAL CONCEPTS ....................................................................... 9 1.8.1 Culture .................................................................................................................... 10 1.8.2 Traditional Leadership ............................................................................................ 10 1.8.3 Tribal Leaders ......................................................................................................... 10 1.8.4 Tribal Authority ....................................................................................................... 11 1.8.5 Initiation School ...................................................................................................... 11 viii 1.8.6 Male circumcision ................................................................................................... 11 1.8.7 Traditional Surgeon (Mayini) ................................................................................... 11 1.8.8 Abduction ............................................................................................................... 12 1.8.9 Ukuthwala ............................................................................................................... 12 1.8.10 Initiate ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.8.11 Instructor (Mudzabi) ................................................................................................ 12 1.8.12 Partnership Policing ...............................................................................................
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