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Combat Et Solidarité Estudiantins L’Ugema (1955-1962)

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Combat Et Solidarité Estudiantins L’Ugema (1955-1962) COMBAT ET SOLIDARITÉ ESTUDIANTINS L’UGEMA (1955-1962) 1 2 Clement HENRI MOORE COMBAT ET SOLIDARITÉ ESTUDIANTINS L’UGEMA (1955-1962) Témoignages Villa n°6, lot. Saïd Hamdine, 16012, Alger © Casbah-Editions, Alger, 2010. ISBN : 978 - 9961- 64 - 183 - 5. Dépôt légal : 3742 - 2010 Tous droits réservés. 4 TABLE DES MATIÈRES Préface : Ali El Kenz ....................................................................................................??? Remerciements de l’auteur ..................................................................................??? Introduction : L’art d’association en Algérie ........................................??? PREMIÈRE PARTIE : LA CRÉATION DE L’UGEMA, 1955-1957 ...??? 01. Mohammed Ferradi ..............................................................................................??? 02. Abderrahmane (dit Lamine) Khène .................................................??? 03. Belaïd Abdesselam ................................................................................................??? 04. Rédha Malek ................................................................................................................??? 05. Ahmed Taleb-Ibrahimi.......................................................................................??? 06. Mouloud Belaouane .............................................................................................??? 07. Belkacem Chérif ......................................................................................................??? 08. Lakhdar Brahimi......................................................................................................??? 09. Zahir Ihaddaden.......................................................................................................??? DEUXIÈME PARTIE : L’APOGÉE DE L’ASSOCIATION, 1957-1961 ....??? 10. Messaoud Aït Chaalal........................................................................................??? 11. Tahar Hamdi .................................................................................................................??? 12. Chérif Faïdi ....................................................................................................................??? 13. Ali Abdellaoui.............................................................................................................??? 14. Mahfoud Aoufi ...........................................................................................................??? 15. Djelloul Baghli ...........................................................................................................??? 5 16. Choaieb Taleb ..............................................................................................................??? 17. Mohammed Rezzoug ...........................................................................................??? 18. Mustapha Negadi ....................................................................................................??? 19. Fatima Ould Rouis (née Bendissari) ................................................??? 20. Arezki Salhi et Abdelkader Nour ........................................................??? TROISIÈME PARTIE : VERS L’INDÉPENDANCE, 1961-1962 .................??? 21. Abderrahmane Megateli.................................................................................??? 22. Abdel’alim Medjaoui ..........................................................................................??? 23. Abdelhamid Mahi-Bahi ....................................................................................??? 24. Sid Ahmed Ghozali................................................................................................??? 25. Abderrahmane (dit Tahar) Hamrour................................................??? 26. Zahir Farès......................................................................................................................??? CHRONOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................??? BIOGRAPHIES..............................................................................................................................??? APPENDICES : Annexe 1 : Ahmed Doum, «Le FLN et la création de l’UGEMA», Le Quotidien d’Alger, 14 juin 1992 .............................................................................................??? Annexe 2 : Mise au point de Mohammed Harbi, Paris, le 18 décembre 2008....................................................??? Annexe 3 : Lettre d’Abdelhamid Mehri au Comité exécutif de l’UGEMA, datée du 12 mai 1961..??? Annexe 4 : Résolutions du Comité directeur de l’UGEMA, août 1961 ............................................................??? Annexe 5 : Appel aux étudiants algériens du frère Belkacem Krim, vice-président du GPRA et ministre de l’Intérieur, Tunis, le 23 décembre 1961 .....................................................................??? Annexe 6 : Effectifs scolarisés en Algérie, 1954-1955 et 1958-1959 ...........................................................................................??? 6 PRÉFACE Parmi la multitude d’ouvrages liés à l’histoire contemporaine de l’Algérie, de son mouvement de libé- ration en particulier, trois d’entre eux m’auront fortement marqué. Le premier, La guerre commence en Algérie de Mohammed Harbi, ne « payait pas de mine » à sa sortie, comparé aux classiques bien installés dans le domaine académique, tels ceux de Charles-André Julien et de Charles-Robert Ageron, côté français, ou de Mahfoud Kaddache, côté algérien. Mais dès les pre- mières pages, je fus happé par le texte. Bien plus tard, c’est l’ouvrage de François Maspéro, L’ h o n n e u r d e Saint-Arnaud, que je découvris avec étonnement, me demandant ce que cet éditeur de renom avait à faire avec l’histoire de la colonisation de l’Algérie ; là encore, je fus captivé par un texte d’une densité excep- tionnelle et par une approche bien singulière des faits historiques. Enfin, lorsque Clement Moore Henry me proposa de préfacer sa recherche sur l’UGEMA (Union Générale des Etudiants Musulmans Algériens), ce fut le même plaisir que j’éprouvai en la lisant. A la réflexion, je compris pourquoi ces trois ouvra- ges avaient produit le même effet sur moi bien qu’ils fussent si différents par leur objet : un quartier, une 7 Combat et Solidarité estudiantins ville dans les années cinquante pour le premier ; un militaire français de haut rang qui dirigea la guerre de colonisation après 1830, pour le deuxième ; une asso- ciation d’étudiants algériens qui vécut le temps de la guerre de libération de 1955 à 1962, pour le troisième. En fait, tous trois participaient d’une même approche, d’une même « façon de faire ». Les acteurs étaient observés de près : ici des militants, là un général, bien- tôt maréchal, et enfin des étudiants algériens à Paris, à Montpellier ou à Tunis. Tous portaient un nom et s’exprimaient directement ou à travers leur correspon- dance, comme c’est le cas pour St Arnaud. Ils expliquaient, justifiaient leurs comportements et leurs actes. C’étaient des personnes, avec leurs indivi- dualités singulières, leurs sentiments, leurs valeurs, nobles ou misérables, que je voyais vivre et agir à tra- vers le texte écrit de l’historien. Ils donnaient du sens aux archives et aux statistiques, de la vie à l’histoire que les larges fresques des historiens « classiques » avaient écrasée par leurs grandes constructions ration- nelles. « L’esprit de finesse » venait ici au secours de « l’esprit de géométrie » et c’était, sans nul doute, cela qui produisait en moi ce plaisir d’apprendre encore, au-delà de ce que je savais déjà. Ces trois auteurs ont été, à mon humble avis, les premiers historiens de « l’histoire par le bas », des « subaltern studies » selon l’appellation donnée par nos prédécesseurs en Inde. De même que M. Harbi, à l’époque où il publia ce premier ouvrage, ou F. Maspero qui fit littéralement irruption en « outsider » dans le champ académique très fermé des historiens, Clement Moore Henry n’est pas connu des spécialistes – algériens, français, ou aut- res –, de l’histoire de l’Algérie et plus particulièrement de son mouvement de libération nationale. Et c’est tant mieux ! Politiste reconnu du Moyen Orient et de 8 Préface l’Afrique du Nord, cet Américain du Texas, professeur à l’université d’Austin, n’est impliqué ni dans les controverses académiques qui animent le microcosme des chercheurs sur cette question, ni dans les rhéto- riques politiciennes qui dévoient la mémoire des acteurs de cette période. Mais cet observateur informé de notre histoire est resté proche de l’évolution post- indépendance du pays après en avoir été un témoin « sympathisant » de sa période révolutionnaire. Etudiant à Paris en 1957, il exprima la solidarité de son association estudiantine américaine avec l’UGEMA, en parlant publiquement des « conséquences ignobles du colonialisme français pour les droits des étudiants algé- riens », ce qui lui valut d’ailleurs son expulsion du territoire français. De cette époque date son intérêt pour ce pays et son histoire et notamment pour la cen- taine d’étudiants qu’il avait alors côtoyés de près et avec lesquels il est, depuis lors, resté en contact. A ce propos, nous pouvons noter, comme remarque de méthode, que c’est grâce à ce contact maintenu dans une relation de « confiance » avec les anciens étu- diants de l’UGEMA que Clement a pu mener à bien la plus grande partie de son travail de recherche, cin- quante années plus tard. « Il faut être un hôte bienvenu,
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