PoS(FRAPWS2018)086 https://pos.sissa.it/ ∗† [email protected] Speaker. This paper was partly supported by the grant GA CR 13-33324S. SMILE is a space mission whichand aims geomagnetic to variations measure with Earth’s global innovative instrumentation, systemLobster–Eye responses e.g. type, to wide–field on solar X-ray wind board. telescopethe of It Chinese is Academy a of collaborative(THESEUS) Sciences. project is a of Transient space the High-Energy mission European SkyA proposal study Space and accepted that Agency Early would by and Universe study the Surveyor gamma-rayfor European bursts the Space and multi–messenger Agency X–rays astrophysics. for for investigating ItSMILE a the and involves phase early THESEUS a universe international Lobster–Eye and consortia X–ray involveand telescope the Czech the as Technical Czech well. University in teams The Prague areand expected related to science contribute and software. to the projects, mainly to the X–ray telescopes † ∗ Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons c Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Frontier Research in Astrophysics - III (FRAPWS2018) 28 May - 2 June 2018 Mondello (Palermo), Italy Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UK Sembay, Steven University of Leicester, UK Amati, Lorenzo INAF Bologna, Italy Frontera, Filippo University of Ferrara, Italy Bozzo, Enrico University of Geneva, Switzerland ESA satellites SMILE and THESEUS René Hudec Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty ofTechnicka 2, Electrical CZ Engineering, 160 00 Prague,Federation, Czech on Republic, behalf and of Kazan the Federal international University,E-mail: Russian SMILE and THESEUS consortia. PoS(FRAPWS2018)086 René Hudec 1 : a wide field of view optic sensitive to the Lyman-Birge-Hopffman band of ultraviolet : a telescope with a wide field of view FOV (26.5 x 15.5 degrees) Lobster–eye X–ray optic SMILE is a space mission which aims to measure Earth’s global system responses to solar THESEUS is a mission concept proposed in response to the ESA call for medium-size mis- The key science questions for SMILE [1][2][3] are: What are the fundamental modes of the The following instrumentation forms the payloadSXI for SMILE satellite[1][2][3] . UVI wind and geomagnetic variations [1][2][3].Earth’s magnetosphere SMILE to the will impact investigate of theit the solar dynamic will wind response combine in of a soft unique the X-raysimultaneous manner, imaging never UV attempted of imaging before: the of the Earth’slink magnetopause Northern the and aurora. processes magnetospheric of For cusps solar theparticles with wind first precipitating injection time into in we the will the cuspsstrumentation be magnetosphere and to able with eventually monitor to those the the solar trace acting aurora. wind and oncan conditions, SMILE the so be will that charged also compared the carry simultaneous and X-ray in-situtions. contrasted and in- UV directly, With images its and unparallelled self-sufficiently, payload within SMILE solar-terrestrial the relationships will upstream in provide a driving answers thoroughly condi- to novel many way. of the opensions questions (M5) within the Cosmican assessment Vision phase Programme study. and selected Thehigh mission energy by transient is ESA phenomena designed over on to the 2018 entiretygoals vastly of May will increase cosmic address 7 the history the discovery to [11–12]. Early space Universe Its enter and ESA primary of Cosmic scientific what the Vision themes is ”How made did the of?”verse” Universe (3.2) originate (4.1, and ”The 4.2 hot andproviding and 4.3) an energetic and unprecedented Universe themes”. will combination of: also Thisband is impact (0.3keV 1) achieved – on wide via 20 ”The and MeV); a deep 2) gravitational uniquehigh focusing sky wave payload angular capabilities monitoring Uni- resolution; in in and the 3) a soft on X-ray broadand board band redshift energy near-IR providing determination. capabilities large (https://www.isdc.unige.ch/theseus/). for grasp and immediate transient identification 2. ESA SMILE dayside solar wind/magnetosphere interaction? What definesMass the Ejections substorm (CME) cycle? driven storms How do arise and Coronal determine what when is and their where relationship to transient substorms? and SMILE steady will magnetopause reconnection dominates. based on microchannel plate technology and CCDthe detector location, at the shape focal plane. and The motionexosphere SXI result of will from observe the the dayside charge magnetospheric exchangesuch interaction boundaries. as between hydrogen ions X-rays in in in the the Earth’s theof solar exosphere Leicester, Earth’s wind and UK. and interplanetary neutrals space. PI: Steve Sembay, University SMILE/THESEUS 1. Introduction radiation. Filters and coatings willcap, be and used measure to the suppress location daycalised and glow. brightenings width that The of occur UVI the on will the auroral observeCanada. auroral oval. the oval It polar edges. will PI: Eric also Donovan, observe University transient of and Calgary, lo- PoS(FRAPWS2018)086 René Hudec 2 : a dual-redundant digital fluxgate magnetometer, with two tri-axial fluxgate sensors : a wide field of view proton and alpha particle analyser. This will determine the basic Charge exchange emission can occur when ions interact with neutral atoms or molecules; one X-ray emission from Solar Wind Charge Exchange (SWCX) recombination occurs in plane- SWCX emission could be used to image the Earths magnetosheath. The magnetosheath is the CTU in Prague and Rene Hudec are the SMILE project consortium members.The expected Czech The contribution Czech is based on scientific and data evaluation software and data The main scientific goals of the proposed mission are to explore the Early Universe (cosmic LIA MAG or more electrons are transferred toion the ion (with into the an charge excited now state. reducedbe In by emitted. the the subsequent number relaxation of of electrons the captured), a cascade of photonstary may atmospheres, comets, interplanetary space,extrasolar charge and exchange emission in has the been observed Earth’s inclusters. exosphere, supernova Consequently, remnants, while the galaxies heliophysics, and evidence galaxy planetary for science,an and interest astrophysics in communities SWCX. all have area near the Earth’s whereby the the magnetic Earth’s field, magnetic field. embedded This in resultswhich the in protects solar the the magnetosphere; wind Earth a plasma, from cavity the is ofnot harsh Earth–confined confronted static conditions plasma as within the the Earth solar system wind. responds This quickly picture, to however, changes is 2.2 in the Czech solar Participation wind in density SMILE and velocity. participation is based on veryCzech long Republic experience with with emphasis imaging on X wide ray field telescopes X ray and monitors monitors Lobster inanalyses, Eye the with type emphasis [4–10]. on the SXIa telescope. SMILE Two session SMILE at meetings Prague were AXRO conferencenegotiating held in details in December on Prague, 2015 Czech namely with participation, presentations and of SMILE SMILE meeting PIs in Prague in July3. 2016. ESA THESEUS dawn and reionization era) by unveiling a complete census of the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) pop- connected by a boom to aconsists spacecraft-mounted of electronics box. a The FPGA accompanying digitalScience electronics Center, processing unit Chinese unit Academy with of Sciences, a China. DC-DC converter.2.1 PI: Lei Solar Li, Wind Charge National Exchange Space (SWCX) moments of the solarflux wind vector. ion distributions, These such measurements,the as taken concerns velocity, simultaneously of density, with arrival temperature the times andLangrangian UV and the Point and spatial heat L1 extents X-ray are when images, used. externalcentre obviate solar plane The wind of LIA monitors the will at fieldaverage the include of plasma distant a view sheet will top-hat-type flow be electrostatic directionsbe parallel analyser. remain obtained to within using The the the a ecliptic, field variable geometric to ofChinese factor ensure Academy view. system. of that Larger Sciences, PI: the dynamic China. Lei solar range Dai, wind National will and Space Science Center, SMILE/THESEUS PoS(FRAPWS2018)086 René Hudec 1.5sr FOV, a source ∼ 10–20 degrees/min). The baseline ∼ 3 1sr with source location accuracy < 1-2 arcmin; InfraRed Telescope ∼ 5 arcmin in 2-30 keV and an unprecedently broad energy band. The mission ∼ Soft X-ray Imager (SXI, 0.3 – 6 keV): a set of 4 lobster-eye telescopes units, covering a total CTU in Prague and Rene Hudec are the THESEUS project consortium members. The Czech The expected Czech contribution is as follows: SXI, optics tube, mechanics, electronics, and The SMILE satellite with innovative instrumentation on-board including a Lobster Eye X-ray Acknowledgments We acknowledge partial support by the grant GA CR 13-33324S and by the project AHEAD 600 km, <5 degrees), which has the unique advantages of granting a low and stable background field of view (FOV) of SMILE/THESEUS ulation in the firsttransient billion Universe years [11–12]. and The foreseen to payloadtation perform of (https://www.isdc.unige.ch/theseus/): THESEUS an includes unprecedented the following deep instrumen- monitoring of the X-ray (IRT, 0.7 – 1.8 microns):with both a imaging 0.7m and class spectroscopy IR capabilities;keV – telescope X-Gamma 20 rays with MeV): Imaging 10 a Spectrometer x10 set (XGIS,bars of of arcmin 2 Silicon coded-mask FOV, drift for cameras detectors using fast coupled monolithic with response, location X-gamma CsI accuracy crystal rays of scintillator, detectors granting based a on profile includes: an onboard dataand handling localizing units likely transients (DHUs) in system the capabletens SXI of and of detecting, XGIS seconds FOV; identifying the at capability most) oftransients transmitting promptly of to (within interest); a ground and few the a trigger spacecraft time slewing capability and of position of GRBs (and other level in the high–energy instruments,spacecraft fast allowing slewing the and exploitation facilitating ofto the the prompt the ground. transmission Earth’s of magnetic transient field triggers for and positions 3.1 Czech Participation in THESEUS participation is based on veryCzech long Republic experience with with emphasis imaging on X wide ray field telescopes X ray and monitors monitors Lobster in Eyesoftware. the type There [4–10]. is expected participationproject of is Czech supportded space by industry. the Czech The PRODEX Czech Office participation for in phases the A and 0. 4. Conclusions telescope will study X-rays from thewind magnetosphere. injection SMILE with will trace those and actingThere link on will processes be charged of outreach solar particles potential precipitating asnetic into well: field) the so The cusps far possibility invisible. of and The captivating thebuilding project the aurora. is on public based to Double on science Star cooperation (mag- withdiscovery experience. China: space SMILE of The is the a THESEUS high showcase, energymissions mission represent transient is scientifically phenomena valuable designed over satellite projects the to with entiretycluding vastly wide Czech of international increase scientists. cosmic participation, the in- The history. satellite Both designs include Lobster Eye X-ray telescopes in both cases. funded by the European Union as Research and Innovation Action under Grant No: 654215. launcher / orbit configuration is a∼ launch with Vega–C to a low inclination low Earth’s orbit (LEO, PoS(FRAPWS2018)086 René Hudec 4 relationships. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 19, EGU2017-8153, 2017. Link Explorer): X-ray imaging of theProceedings Sun-Earth of connection, the in Conference XMM-Newton: held 9-11 Thehttp://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/2016-workshop, id.81. May, Next 2016 Decade, at ESAC, Madrid. Online at 2004); doi: 10.1117/12.551915, 2004 in Exploring the Cosmic Frontier, ESOpp.73-74, Astrophysics 2007 Symposia European Southern Observatory 2007, Vinciguerra, F. Frontera, D. Gouml;tz, C.Branchesi, Guidorzi, E. P. O’Brien, Brocato, J. M. P. G. Osborne, Dainotti, N.Mereghetti, M. R. Tanvir, M. De Mignani, Pasquale, S. A. Piranomonte, Grado, L.Bouml;er, J. Rezzolla, A. Greiner, R. Bulgarelli, F. Salvaterra, J. Longo, R. Caruana, U. Starling, S. Maio,A. R. Colafrancesco, D. Drago, Willingale, M. F. M. Colpi, Fuschino, S. B. Covino, Gendre,Palazzi, P. R. D’Avanzo, B. V. Hudec, D’Elia, Patricelli, P. M. Jonker, C. Razzano, Labanti, R.van D. Campana, Putten, Malesani, P. S. Rosati, C. Vergani, T. B. G. Rodic, Zhang, Mundell, D.Multi-Messenger and E. Szeacute;csi, Astrophysics, M. A. Advances Bernardini: Stamerra, in THESEUS: M. Space A Research, key Volume space 62, mission id.662 concept (2018) for Osborne, G. Stratta, N. Tanvir, R.F. Willingale, Fuschino, P. Attina, A. R. Gomboc, Campana, R. A. Hudec,Callanan, J. P. Orleanski, S. Castro-Tirado, E. Covino, C. A. Renotte, Contini, Ferrara, T. Rodic, E.D’Avanzo, Z. P. Le Giommi, Bagoly, Floch, A. S. M. Blain, Piranomonte, Marisaldi, P. L. S. Piro,Tagliaferri, Mereghetti, S. V. P. Reglero, Vergani, Rosati, S. A. A. Vinciguerra, Rossi, Vacchi, M. A. P. Briggs,Cordier, Santangelo, E. B. R. Campolongo, Morelli, Salvaterra, R. M. G. Ciolfi, Orlandini, V. C. Connaughton,Baldazzi, Adami, B. S. A. Basa, Argan, R. J.-L. Basak, Atteia, P.Brandt, N. Bellutti, E. Auricchio, M. Brocato, L. G. C. Balazs, Bernardini, Budtz-Jorgensen, G. G. A. Bertuccio,Caruana, Bulgarelli, J. P. Casella, L. Braga, B. Burderi, M. Cenko, J. Branchesi, P. Camp, S. Chardonnet,D. S. B. De Capozziello, Ciardi, Martino, J. S. M. Colafrancesco, De M. Pasquale,F. G. E. Finelli, Dainotti, Del M. V. Monte, Fiorini, D’Elia, M. J. Della Fynbo,Hafizi, Valle, A. A. L. Gal-Yam, Drago, Hanlon, B. Y. J. Gendre, Evangelista, Hjorth, G. M. L. Ghisellini,Lyutikov, Feroci, U. Izzo, A. Maio, L. Grado, E. Kiss, C. Maiorano, P. Guidorzi, Kumar, P. M. Malcovati, I.Masetti, D. Kuvvetli, S. Malesani, M. McBreen, R. Lavagna, R. T. Margutti, Mignani, Li, A. G. F.Palazzi, Martin-Carrillo, Longo, Morgante, S. N. M. C. Paltani, Mundell, F. Panessa, H. G. U. Pareschi, Nargaard-Nielsen, A. L. Pe’er, Nicastro, A. E. V. Penacchioni, E. Pian, E. Piedipalumbo, T. [1] http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/SMILE/ [2] Graziella Branduardi-Raymont et al., SMILE: A new approach to exploring solar-terrestrial [3] Branduardi-Raymont, G.; Wang, C.; Smile Team. SMILE (Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere [4] Hudec, R., et al., Proc. SPIE 5488, UV and Gamma-Ray Space[5] Telescope Systems, (11Hudec, October R., Pína, L., Inneman, A., Švéda, L., LOBSTER - Astrophysics with Lobster Eye Telescopes, [6] Inneman, A., et al., 2000, Proc.[7] SPIE, 4138,Hudec, 94 R., et al., 2000, SPIE[8] Proc. 4012,Hudec, 432 R., et al., 2003, SPIE[9] Proc. 4851,Hudec, 578 R., et al., 2004a, SPIE Proc. 5488, 449 SMILE/THESEUS References [10] Hudec, R., et al., 2004b, Nucl.[11] Phys. BStratta, Proc. G., Suppl. R. 132, Ciolfi, 320 L. Amati, E. Bozzo, G. Ghirlanda, E. Maiorano, L. Nicastro, A. Rossi, S. [12] Amati, L., P. O’Brien, D. Gouml;tz, E. Bozzo, C. Tenzer, F. Frontera, G. Ghirlanda, C. Labanti, J. P. PoS(FRAPWS2018)086 René Hudec 5 Piran, G. Rauw, M. Razzano, A.Schady, Read, W. Skidmore, L. L. Rezzolla, Song, P. Romano, E. R.Vanzella, Stanway, S. Ruffini, R. Vercellone, S. Starling, C. Savaglio, M. Wilson-Hodge, V. Topinka, Sguera, D. E. P. Yonetoku,Zhang, Troja, G. S. M. Zampa, Zhang, van N. Putten, S.-N. Zampa, E. Zhang, B. A. Zhang,Boulade, Antonelli, B. C. F. B. Butler, Bianco, S. S. Campana, Boci, F.M. M. Capitanio, Dadina, Boer, A. M. A. Celotti, T. De Y. Chen, Botticella, Luca, M. O. Y.-W. Dong,M. Colpi, S. Hernanz, A. Ettori, A. Comastri, P. Hornstrup, J.-G. Gandhi, I. Cuby, E. Hutchinson,Korpela, Geza, G. V. J. Lebrun, Israel, Greiner, F. P. S. Lu, Jonker, Guiriec, A. Y. Kaneko, J. MacFadyen,Morris, N. Harms, G. N. Kawai, Malaguti, Omodei, K. L. A. Wiersema, Maraschi, S. Paizis, A. P.Sabau-Graziati, Paacute;ta, Melandri, N. V. M. Petrosian, Shigehiro, Modjaz, A. M. D. Rachevski, Sims, J. J.Valenziano, Rhoads, G. Soomin, F. Vianello, D. Ryde, S. Szeacute;csi, L. Vojtech, Y. D. Urata, Watson, M.science and Uslenghi, case, J. L. design Zicha: and The expected THESEUS performances,(2018) space Advances mission in concept: Space Research, Volume 62, id.191 SMILE/THESEUS