ESA Heliophysics Missions
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CZ-Space Day Intro
16.7.2010 ESA TECHNOLOGY → PROGRAMMES AND STRATEGY Czech Space Technology Day - GSTP July 2010 CONTENTS • The European Space Agency -ESA • Space Technology • ESA’s Technology Programmes • Doing business with ESA • ESA’s Long Term Plan 2 1 16.7.2010 → THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PURPOSE OF ESA “To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications. ” - Article 2 of ESA Convention 4 2 16.7.2010 ESA FACTS AND FIGURES • Over 30 years of experience • 18 Member States • Five establishments, about 2000 staff • 3.7 billion Euro budget (2010) • Over 60 satellites designed, tested and operated in flight • 17 scientific satellites in operation • Five types of launcher developed • Over 190 launches 5 18 MEMBER STATES Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Canada takes part in some programmes under a Cooperation Agreement. Hungary, Romania, Poland, Slovenia, and Estonia are European Cooperating States. Cyprus and Latvia have signed Cooperation Agreements with ESA. 6 3 16.7.2010 ACTIVITIES ESA is one of the few space agencies in the world to combine responsibility in nearly all areas of space activity. • Space science • Navigation • Human spaceflight • Telecommunications • Exploration • Technology • Earth observation • Operations • Launchers 7 ESA PROGRAMMES All Member States participate (on In addition, -
Fundamentals of Impulsive Energy Release in the Corona Heliophysics 2050 Workshop White Paper A
Heliophysics 2050 White Papers (2021) 4093.pdf Fundamentals of impulsive energy release in the corona Heliophysics 2050 Workshop white paper A. Y. Shih (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), L. Glesener (UMN), S. Krucker (UCB), S. Guidoni (Amer. Univ.), S. Christe (GSFC), K. Reeves (SAO), S. Gburek (PAS), A. Caspi (SwRI), M. Alaoui (GSFC/CUA), J. Allred (GSFC), M. Battaglia (FHNW), W. Baumgartner (MSFC), B. Dennis (GSFC), J. Drake (UMD), K. Goetz (UMN), L. Golub (SAO), I. Hannah (Univ. of Glasgow), L. Hayes (GSFC/USRA), G. Holman (GSFC/Emeritus), A. Inglis (GSFC/CUA), J. Ireland (GSFC), G. Kerr (GSFC/CUA), J. Klimchuk (GSFC), D. McKenzie (MSFC), C. Moore (SAO), S. Musset (Univ. of Glasgow), J. Reep (NRL), D. Ryan (GSFC/AU), P. Saint-Hilaire (UCB), S. Savage (MSFC), R. Schwartz (GSFC/AU), D. Seaton (NOAA), M. Stęślicki (PAS), T. Woods (LASP) Introduction Solar eruptive events are the most energetic and geo-effective space-weather drivers. They originate in the corona near the Sun’s surface as a combination of solar flares (impulsive bursts of radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs; expulsions of magnetized plasma into interplanetary space). The radiation and energetic particles they produce can damage satellites, disrupt telecommunications and GPS navigation, and endanger astronauts in space. Many of the processes involved in triggering, driving, and sustaining solar eruptive events–including magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration, plasma heating, and energy transport in magnetized plasmas–also play important roles in phenomena throughout the Universe, such as in magnetospheric substorms, gamma-ray bursts, and accretion disks. The Sun is a unique laboratory to better understand these fundamental physical processes. -
ESA Solar System Missions
Small Missions and the Science Programme of ESA Alvaro Gimenez, Director of Science and Robotic Exploration 26 February 2014 2 2 Astro-H suzaku corot Science Programme building blocks “Large” (Ariane 5-class) missions 1. High innovation content 2. European flagships 3. 1 B€ class 4. 3 per 20 years Herschel XMM-Newton Rosetta BepiColombo L3 L2 JUICE BepiColombo GAIA Herschel Rosetta XMM STSP 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 H2000 H2000+ CV 2040 2035 2030 2025 2020 2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 0 2 4 6 8 10 Science Programme building blocks “Medium” (Soyuz-class) missions 1. Makes use of current cutting-edge technology 2. Programme workhorse 3. 500 M€ class Planck 4. 3-4 per 10 years Euclid Solar Orbiter Mars Express 2040 2030 2020 2010 2000 1990 1980 0 5 10 15 20 Science Programme building blocks Missions of Opportunity 1. Moderate-size participation of the ESA Science Programme in missions led by partners 2. Format can vary 3. Increase flight and science opportunities for European scientists COROT ASTRO-H Hinode Double Star Science Programme building blocks Small missions a. New Programme element, still “experimental” b. Fast and with ESA CaC = 0.1 yearly budget c. Increase flight opportunities for European scientists d. Example: CHEOPS PLATO EUCLID SOLAR JUICE Astro H ORBITER µSCOPE Cheops ExoMars JWST BEPI LISA PF GAIA COLOMBO Akari Proba 2 Chandrayaan PLANCK Hinode HERSCHEL COROT ROSETTA Double Star SMART INTEGRAL Suzaku 1 SOHO VENUS MARS XMM F 2 CLUSTER → EXPRESS EXPRESS NEWTON CLUSTER HUYGENS ULYSSES ISO Time II HST 2030 2025 2020 2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Small missions a. -
Observation of Pc 3/5 Magnetic Pulsations Around the Cusp at Mid Altitude
1 OBSERVATION OF PC 3/5 MAGNETIC PULSATIONS AROUND THE CUSP AT MID ALTITUDE Liu Yonghua(1), Liu Ruiyuan(1), B. J. Fraser(2), S. T. Ables(2), Xu Zhonghua(1), Zhang Beichen(1), Shi Jiankui(3), Liu Zhenxing(3), Huang Dehong(1), Hu Zejun(1), Chen Zhuotian(1), Wang Xiao(3), Malcolm Dunlop(4), A. Balogh(5) (1) Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Rd., Shanghai 200136, P. R. CHINA, [email protected] (2) The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, AUSTRALIA, [email protected] (3)The Center of Space Science & Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Post Box8701, Beijing 100080, jkshi@@center.cssar.ac.cn (4) The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, DIDCOT, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, [email protected] (5)Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College, London, [email protected] ABSTRACT transmitted straightforwardly from solar wind to the ionosphere (Bolshakova & Troitskaia, 1984). So far most Since launched in year 2000 the Cluster mission has research work on such topic are on basis of observation passed the region around the cusp at mid-altitude (~6Re) at ground or/and data from satellite located in the for many times, where ULF wave activities are rich in. upstream of solar wind or in the magnetosheath. To my From 0800 to 1300UT on October 30 2002 the Cluster knowledge, few authors take a study based on the spacecrafts ran along an orbit of southern cusp- measurement at the mid-altitude of the cusp. It seems plasmasphere-northern cusp that provides an excellent reasonable to assume that such a measurement be a direct observation of ULF waves in dayside magnetosphere. -
China's Space Industry and International Collaboration
China’s Space Industry and International Collaboration Presenter: Ju Jin Title: Minister Counselor,the Embassy of P.R.China Date: Feb 27,2008 Brief History • 52 years since 1956, first space institute established • Learning from Soviet Union until 1960 • U.S.A.’s close door policy until now • China’s self-reliance Policy Major Achievements • 12 series of Long March Launching Rockets • >100 Launches • >80 satellites in remote sensing, telecommunication, GPS, scientific experiment • Manned space flights——Shenzhou 5 (2003) and Shenzhou 6 (2005) • Lunar Exploration Project——Chang’e 1 (2007) LM-2F Launch Vehicle • Stages 1 & 2 & 4 strap-on boosters • 58.3 meters long • Launch Mass: 480 tons • Total Thrust : 600 tons • Reliability & Safety Index: 0.97 & 0.997 • 10 Sub-Systems Manned Space Flight--Shenzhou 6 Manned Space Flight--Shenzhou 6 Lunar Probe Project--Change-1 First Lunar Surface Photos Lunar Probe Project—Change 1 • 3 Years • 17,000 Scientists and Engineers • Young Team averaged in the age of 30s • 100% China-Made • Technology Breakthroughs – All-direction Antenna – Ultra-violet Sensor International Exchange and Cooperation: Main Activities Over the recent years, China has signed cooperation agreements on the peaceful use of outer space and space project cooperation agreements with Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the ESA and the European Commission, and has established space cooperation subcommittee or joint commission mechanisms with Brazil, France, Russia and Ukraine. China and the ESA z Sino-ESA Double Star Satellite Exploration of the Earth's Space Plan. z "Dragon Program," involving cooperation in Earth observation satellites, having so far conducted 16 remote-sensing application projects in the fields of agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology, oceanography and disasters. -
ACT-RPR-SPS-1110 Sps Europe Paper
62nd International Astronautical Congress, Cape Town, SA. Copyright ©2011 by the European Space Agency (ESA). Published by the IAF, with permission and released to the IAF to publish in all forms. IAC-11-C3.1.3 PROSPECTS FOR SPACE SOLAR POWER IN EUROPE Leopold Summerer European Space Agency, Advanced Concepts Team, The Netherlands, [email protected] Lionel Jacques European Space Agency, Advanced Concepts Team, The Netherlands, [email protected] In 2002, a phased, multi-year approach to space solar power has been published. Following this plan, several activities have matured the concept and technology further in the following years. Despite substantial advances in key technologies, space solar power remains still at the weak intersections between the space sector and the energy sector. In the 10 years since the development of the European SPS Programme Plan, both, the space and the energy sectors have undergone substantial changes and many key enabling technologies for space solar power have advanced significantly. The present paper attempts to take account of these changes in view to assess how they influence the prospect for space solar power work for Europe. Fresh Look Study as well as the work on a European I INTRODUCTION sail tower concept by Klimke and Seboldt [16], [17]. Based on these results, which re-confirmed the The concept of generating solar power in space and principal technical viability of space solar power transmitting it to Earth to contribute to terrestrial energy concepts, the focus of the first phase of the European systems has received period attention since P. Glaser SPS programme plan has been to enlarge the evaluation published the first engineering approach to it in 1968 scope of space solar power by including expertise from [1]. -
Solar and Space Physics: a Science for a Technological Society
Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society The 2013-2022 Decadal Survey in Solar and Space Physics Space Studies Board ∙ Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences ∙ August 2012 From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outwards to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun’s influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space. This report, the final product of a study requested by NASA and the National Science Foundation, presents a prioritized program of basic and applied research for 2013-2022 that will advance scientific understanding of the Sun, Sun- Earth connections and the origins of “space weather,” and the Sun’s interactions with other bodies in the solar system. The report includes recommendations directed for action by the study sponsors and by other federal agencies—especially NOAA, which is responsible for the day-to-day (“operational”) forecast of space weather. Recent Progress: Significant Advances significant progress in understanding the origin from the Past Decade and evolution of the solar wind; striking advances The disciplines of solar and space physics have made in understanding of both explosive solar flares remarkable advances over the last decade—many and the coronal mass ejections that drive space of which have come from the implementation weather; new imaging methods that permit direct of the program recommended in 2003 Solar observations of the space weather-driven changes and Space Physics Decadal Survey. For example, in the particles and magnetic fields surrounding enabled by advances in scientific understanding Earth; new understanding of the ways that space as well as fruitful interagency partnerships, the storms are fueled by oxygen originating from capabilities of models that predict space weather Earth’s own atmosphere; and the surprising impacts on Earth have made rapid gains over discovery that conditions in near-Earth space the past decade. -
→ Space for Europe European Space Agency
number 153 | February 2013 bulletin → space for europe European Space Agency The European Space Agency was formed out of, and took over the rights and The ESA headquarters are in Paris. obligations of, the two earlier European space organisations – the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) and the European Launcher Development The major establishments of ESA are: Organisation (ELDO). The Member States are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Canada is a Cooperating State. ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany. In the words of its Convention: the purpose of the Agency shall be to provide for ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. and to promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European States in space research and technology and their space applications, with a view ESAC, Madrid, Spain. to their being used for scientific purposes and for operational space applications systems: Chairman of the Council: D. Williams (to Dec 2012) → by elaborating and implementing a long-term European space policy, by recommending space objectives to the Member States, and by concerting the Director General: J.-J. Dordain policies of the Member States with respect to other national and international organisations and institutions; → by elaborating and implementing activities and programmes in the space field; → by coordinating the European space programme and national programmes, and by integrating the latter progressively and as completely as possible into the European space programme, in particular as regards the development of applications satellites; → by elaborating and implementing the industrial policy appropriate to its programme and by recommending a coherent industrial policy to the Member States. -
LISA, the Gravitational Wave Observatory
The ESA Science Programme Cosmic Vision 2015 – 25 Christian Erd Planetary Exploration Studies, Advanced Studies & Technology Preparations Division 04-10-2010 1 ESAESA spacespace sciencescience timelinetimeline JWSTJWST BepiColomboBepiColombo GaiaGaia LISALISA PathfinderPathfinder Proba-2Proba-2 PlanckPlanck HerschelHerschel CoRoTCoRoT HinodeHinode AkariAkari VenusVenus ExpressExpress SuzakuSuzaku RosettaRosetta DoubleDouble StarStar MarsMars ExpressExpress INTEGRALINTEGRAL ClusterCluster XMM-NewtonXMM-Newton CassiniCassini-H-Huygensuygens SOHOSOHO ImplementationImplementation HubbleHubble OperationalOperational 19901990 19941994 19981998 20022002 20062006 20102010 20142014 20182018 20222022 XMM-Newton • X-ray observatory, launched in Dec 1999 • Fully operational (lost 3 out of 44 X-ray CCD early in mission) • No significant loss of performances expected before 2018 • Ranked #1 at last extension review in 2008 (with HST & SOHO) • 320 refereed articles per year, with 38% in the top 10% most cited • Observing time over- subscribed by factor ~8 • 2,400 registered users • Largest X-ray catalogue (263,000 sources) • Best sensitivity in 0.2-12 keV range • Long uninterrupted obs. • Follow-up of SZ clusters 04-10-2010 3 INTEGRAL • γ-ray observatory, launched in Oct 2002 • Imager + Spectrograph (E/ΔE = 500) + X- ray monitor + Optical camera • Coded mask telescope → 12' resolution • 72 hours elliptical orbit → low background • P/L ~ nominal (lost 4 out 19 SPI detectors) • No serious degradation before 2016 • ~ 90 refereed articles per year • Obs -
April 2008 SKYSCRAPERS, INC · Amateur Astronomical Society of Rhode Island · 47 Peeptoad Road North Scituate, RI 02857 · April Meeting with Dr
The SkyscraperVol. 35 No. 4 April 2008 SKYSCRAPERS, INC · Amateur Astronomical Society Of Rhode Island · 47 Peeptoad Road North Scituate, RI 02857 · www.theSkyscrapers.org April Meeting with Dr. Alan Guth Friday, April 4 at Seagrave Memorial Observatory Dr. Alan Guth, Professor of Origins, Alan Guth, A Golden Age of Physics at the Massachusetts Insti- Cosmology and other publications. tute of Technology, is best known He will be presenting a talk entitled The Orion Nebula: SBIG 1001E on Meade 16” for the “inflationary” theory of “Inflationary Cosmology.” SCT at Barus and Holley Observatory; L = 12 ex- cosmology in which many features For the April meeting we will be posures x 5 seconds each, binned 1x1; R,G,B = of our universe, including how it returning to Seagrave Observatory. 3 exposures each x 5 seconds each, binned 2x2; came to be so uniform and why it Elections will be held at the April 27 exposures total, total exposure time = 2.25 began so close to the critical density meeting and membership renewals minutes. Images combined and processed using can be explained by. Dr. Guth is the are due. An elections ballot and Maxim DL. Photo by Bob Horton. author of The Inflationary Universe, renewal form are included in the the Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic back of this issue. In This Issue April Meeting with 1 Dr. Alan Guth April 2008 President’s Message 2 Glenn Jackson 4 7:30 pm Annual Meeting with Dr. Alan Guth April Lyrids Meteor 3 Friday Seagrave Memorial Observatory Shower Dave Huestis 5 8:00 pm Public Observing Night Tracking Wildlife -
Heliophysics Division Space Weather Strategy HPAC, June 30 – July 1, 2020
Heliophysics Division Space Weather Strategy HPAC, June 30 – July 1, 2020 1 Heliophysics Space Weather Strategy This strategy outlines the goals and objectives of NASA Heliophysics Division with respect to space weather. It is consistent with the goals and agency responsibilities articulated in the 2019 National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan, as well as the Agency’s efforts in human and robotic exploration. Context • Understanding space weather is the domain of Heliophysics. Space weather is the applied expression of Heliophysics. In Priority 1 of the 2020 NASA Science Plan, Strategy 1.4 pertains directly to space weather: Develop a Directorate-wide, target-user focused approach to applied programs, including Earth Science Applications, Space Weather, Planetary Defense, and ⁻ Space Situational Awareness. 2 Space Weather Strategy Vision • Advance the science of space weather to empower a technological society safely thriving on Earth and expanding into space. Mission • Establish a preeminent space weather capability that supports robotic and human space exploration and meets national, international, and societal needs by advancing measurement and analysis techniques, and by expanding knowledge and understanding for transitioning into improved operational space weather forecasts and nowcasts. 3 1. Observe • Advance observation techniques, technology, Goals and capability 2. Analyze • NASA plays a vital role in space • Advance research, analysis and modeling weather research by providing capability unique, significant, and exploratory 3. Predict observations and data streams for • Improve space weather forecast and nowcast theory, modeling, and data analysis capabilities research, and for operations. 4. Transition • NASA’s contributions to observing • Transition capabilities to operational and understanding space weather environments are critical for the success of the National and International space 5. -
Cluster Keeping Algorithms for the Satellite Swarm Sensor Network Project
5th Federated and Fractionated Satellite Systems Workshop November 2-3, 2017, ISAE SUPAERO – Toulouse, France Cluster Keeping Algorithms for the Satellite Swarm Sensor Network Project Eviatar Edlerman and Pini Gurfil Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract This paper develops cluster control algorithms for the Satellite Swarm Sensor Network (S3Net) project, whose main aim is to enable fractionation of space-based remote sensing, imaging, and observation satellites. A methodological development of orbit control algorithms is provided, supporting the various use cases of the mission. Emphasis is given on outlining the algorithms structure, information flow, and software implementation. The methodology presented herein enables operation of multiple satellites in coordination, to enable fractionation of space sensors and augmentation of data provided therefrom. 1. INTRODUCTION In the field of earth observation from space, modern approaches show a trend of moving away from the classical single satellite missions, where one satellite includes a complete set of sensors and instruments, towards fractionated and distributed sensor missions, where multiple satellites, possibly carrying different types of sensors, act in a formation or swarm. Such missions promise an increase of imaging quality, an increase of service quality and, in many cases, a decrease of deployment costs for satellites that can become smaller and less complex due to mission requirements. Need for incremental deployment can be caused by funding limitations or issues. Although a combination of funds from different interest groups is possible, it can be difficult to achieve. A higher degree of independence for service providers can be enabled through lower cost satellites that allow integration into satellite swarms.