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ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

CDF Study Report EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission The programs of ESA’s Science and Roboc Exploraon Directorate

F. Favata

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

One Directorate, two programs CDF Study Report • Science Programme EXOPLANET – Mandatory acvity Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Science driven

– Boom-up program definion – Covers all areas of space science • Roboc Exploraon Programme – Oponal program – Technology driven – Top-down program definion • Science community consulted – Currently geared to the roboc exploraon of Mars • Other acvies may be added

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme CDF Study Report • EXOPLANET Mandatory Programme: all Member States Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission contribute pro-rata to their GNP – The “Agency’s backbone”

• Level of Resources decision by unanimity at CMIN – 3-5 yr budget horizon • Content of Programme (which missions?) decided by Science Programme Commiee – Exclusive competence – Simple majority – Each Member State has one vote

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme governance CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Boom-up, community-driven program Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Missions enter programme through open “Calls” to scienfic community • Proposals are evaluated by the Space Science Advisory Commiee (SSAC) • Director of Science makes proposals to SPC • SPC decides

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme governance CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • All missions in cooperaon with Member States Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – ESA typically provides the S/C, the launch services and the operaons

– Scienfic Community typically provides the scienfic P/L and elements of the science operaons • Scienfic Community funded by Member State funding agencies – Typically, naonally-funded elements account for 30-40 % of mission’s total cost • May vary significantly depending on the mission

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme balancing CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Discipline balance: serving all communies Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Time balance: – Preparing the future (technology development, future mission studies) – Implemenng the upcoming missions (building selected missions) – Operang past missions (exploitaon of past investment)

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report • Large missions XMM-Newton EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Typical ESA CaC 2 yearly budgets – ESA-led or ESA-only – Lead in respecve areas – Typically planned long in advance (up to two decades) – Likely to require technological breakthroughs • Rely on innovave European technology developed on purpose – Examples: XMM-Newton, Herschel, Rosea, BepiColombo, JUICE

Rosea

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Medium missions Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Typical ESA CaC 1 yearly budget – Can be, ESA-led, ESA-only, or parcipaon in missions led by third party – Flexibility to react to evolving science landscape – As short a lead me as possible (typically a decade) • Implies lile if any mission-specific techno developments – Examples: , Planck, INTEGRAL, , Solar Orbiter,

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report ASTRO-H • EXOPLANET Missions of Opportunity Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Typical ESA CaC <= 0.2 yearly budget – Per definion parcipaon in missions led by third party • Leadership with internaonal partner or even with Member State – Increase flight opportunies for Double Star European sciensts – Give access to world-wide science COROT – Examples: ASTRO-H, Corot, Double Star, Microscope, SPICA

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report • EXOPLANET Small Missions Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – New Programme element, sll “experimental” – Typical ESA CaC <= 0.1 yearly budget – Member State partnership opportunity – Increase flight opportunies for European sciensts – Provide opportunity for small member states – Example: CHEOPS

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 ESA’s Science Programme: Europe

leading the world in space science CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • In a number of fields, ESA’s Space Science Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission missions are the world’s best

– Ambious but feasible – Leading the world – Used by the scienfic community worldwide • Herschel: biggest monolithic space telescope every built • Rosea: first ever docking on a comet

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

CDF Study Report EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

CDF Study Report EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Building tomorrow’s missions CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • A strong porolio of missions under Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission implementaon

– : nearing compleon with all flight hardware delivered. On track for a launch in October 2013 – Euclid: Europe’s leadership in dark energy science has entered implementaon in 2012. – LISA PathFinder, BepiColombo, Solar Orbiter, the European contribuon to JWST all progressing toward their launch.

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Building the future CDF Study Report • Technology development for idenfied missions EXOPLANET (selected for study or for flight) Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Cooperave effort with Member States

– ESA funds technologies relevant to ESA-supplied mission elements – MS’s fund technologies relevant to MS-supplied mission elements • Studying future missions – Enabling informed decision-making by all pares: scienfic community, ESA Execuve, SPC • Sketching innovave mission concepts as a service to community

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Roboc Exploraon Programme

governance CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Missions/programs come into being through Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – consultaon with Member States

– ESA proposal to Ministers – Decision by Ministers • Scienfic Advisory Commiee (HESAC) consulted along the way • Program Board decides on implementaon elements

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Roboc Exploraon: ExoMars CDF Study Report • Programme element currently under EXOPLANET implementaon Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Cooperaon with Russia at Programme level

• Two missions – ExoMars 2016 () – ExoMars 2018 (Rover on the surface of Mars) • Similarly to Science Programme missions, provision of payload elements and scienfic exploitaon under responsibility of Member States

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Roboc Exploraon: MREP CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Programme element aimed at the Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission development of future roboc exploraon

technologies • Focused on the development of technologies geared to the exploraon of Mars • Study of future candidate missions to Mars • Long-term goal is Mars Sample Return

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Cashing-in on past investment CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • The Science Programme exploits its large fleet Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission of missions

• Operang missions connue to deliver ground-breaking results • Missions deliver an ever-increasing data volume – Evolving detector and communicaon technology

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Data policy CDF Study Report • Operaons under ESA control EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Data are transferred to PI’s aer acquision • Aer varying degree of mission-dependent processing • PI selecon very dependent on mission • In parallel data are archived in ESAC • All data become public – Typically aer one year – earlier in some cases • Open access through ESAC’s archives once data are public – Anybody can exploit archived data – High volume of science results derive from archived data

ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186

Science exploitaon CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • ESA does not fund selected invesgators nor Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission archive users

– By choice of Member States • Sciensts rely on naonal funding schemes – Funding schemes vary a lot across Member States