ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 CDF Study Report EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission The programs of ESA’s Science and Robo7c Exploraon Directorate F. Favata ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 One Directorate, two programs CDF Study Report • Science Programme EXOPLANET – Mandatory ac7vity Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Science driven – BoFom-up program defini7on – Covers all areas of space science • Robo7c Exploraon Programme – Op7onal program – Technology driven – Top-down program defini7on • Science community consulted – Currently geared to the robo7c exploraon of Mars • Other ac7vi7es may be added ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme CDF Study Report • EXOPLANET Mandatory Programme: all Member States Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission contribute pro-rata to their GNP – The “Agency’s backbone” • Level of Resources decision by unanimity at CMIN – 3-5 yr budget horizon • Content of Programme (which missions?) decided by Science Programme Commiee – Exclusive competence – Simple majority – Each Member State has one vote ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme governance CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • BoFom-up, community-driven program Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Missions enter programme through open “Calls” to scien7fic community • Proposals are evaluated by the Space Science Advisory CommiFee (SSAC) • Director of Science makes proposals to SPC • SPC decides ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme governance CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • All missions in cooperaon with Member States Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – ESA typically provides the S/C, the launch services and the operaons – Scien7fic Community typically provides the scien7fic P/L and elements of the science operaons • Scien7fic Community funded by Member State funding agencies – Typically, naonally-funded elements account for 30-40 % of mission’s total cost • May vary significantly depending on the mission ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme balancing CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Discipline balance: serving all communi7es Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Time balance: – Preparing the future (technology development, future mission studies) – Implemen7ng the upcoming missions (building selected missions) – Operang past missions (exploitaon of past investment) ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report • Large missions XMM-Newton EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Typical ESA CaC 2 yearly budgets – ESA-led or ESA-only – Lead in respec7ve areas – Typically planned long in advance (up to two decades) – Likely to require technological breakthroughs • Rely on innovave European technology developed on purpose – Examples: XMM-Newton, Herschel, RoseFa, BepiColombo, JUICE RoseFa ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report Planck EXOPLANET • Medium missions Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Typical ESA CaC 1 yearly budget – Can be, ESA-led, ESA-only, or par7cipaon in missions led by third party – Flexibility to react to evolving science landscape – As short a lead 7me as possible (typically a decade) • Implies liFle if any mission-specific techno Solar Orbiter developments – Examples: Huygens, Planck, INTEGRAL, Mars Express, Solar Orbiter, Euclid ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report ASTRO-H • EXOPLANET Missions of Opportunity Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – Typical ESA CaC <= 0.2 yearly budget – Per defini7on par7cipaon in missions led by third party • Leadership with internaonal partner or even with Member State – Increase flight opportuni7es for Double Star European scien7sts – Give access to world-wide science COROT – Examples: ASTRO-H, Corot, Double Star, Microscope, SPICA ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science Programme’s building blocks CDF Study Report • EXOPLANET Small Missions Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – New Programme element, s7ll “experimental” – Typical ESA CaC <= 0.1 yearly budget – Member State partnership opportunity – Increase flight opportuni7es for European scien7sts – Provide opportunity for small member states – Example: CHEOPS ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 ESA’s Science Programme: Europe leading the world in space science CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • In a number of fields, ESA’s Space Science Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission missions are the world’s best – Ambi7ous but feasible – Leading the world – Used by the scien7fic community worldwide • Herschel: biggest monolithic space telescope every built • RoseFa: first ever docking on a comet ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 CDF Study Report EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 CDF Study Report EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Building tomorrow’s missions CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • A strong porholio of missions under Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission implementaon – Gaia: nearing comple7on with all flight hardware delivered. On track for a launch in October 2013 – Euclid: Europe’s leadership in dark energy science has entered implementaon in 2012. – LISA PathFinder, BepiColombo, Solar Orbiter, the European contribu7on to JWST all progressing toward their launch. ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Building the future CDF Study Report • Technology development for iden7fied missions EXOPLANET (selected for study or for flight) Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Cooperave effort with Member States – ESA funds technologies relevant to ESA-supplied mission elements – MS’s fund technologies relevant to MS-supplied mission elements • Studying future missions – Enabling informed decision-making by all par7es: scien7fic community, ESA Execu7ve, SPC • Sketching innovave mission concepts as a service to community ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Robo7c Exploraon Programme governance CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Missions/programs come into being through Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission – consultaon with Member States – ESA proposal to Ministers – Decision by Ministers • Scien7fic Advisory CommiFee (HESAC) consulted along the way • Program Board decides on implementaon elements ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Robo7c Exploraon: ExoMars CDF Study Report • Programme element currently under EXOPLANET implementaon Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Cooperaon with Russia at Programme level • Two missions – ExoMars 2016 (Trace Gas Orbiter) – ExoMars 2018 (Rover on the surface of Mars) • Similarly to Science Programme missions, provision of payload elements and scien7fic exploitaon under responsibility of Member States ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Robo7c Exploraon: MREP CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • Programme element aimed at the Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission development of future robo7c exploraon technologies • Focused on the development of technologies geared to the exploraon of Mars • Study of future candidate missions to Mars • Long-term goal is Mars Sample Return ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Cashing-in on past investment CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • The Science Programme exploits its large fleet Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission of missions • Operang missions con7nue to deliver ground-breaking results • Missions deliver an ever-increasing data volume – Evolving detector and communicaon technology ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Data policy CDF Study Report • Operaons under ESA control EXOPLANET Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission • Data are transferred to PI’s aer acquisi7on • Amer varying degree of mission-dependent processing • PI selec7on very dependent on mission • In parallel data are archived in ESAC • All data become public – Typically aer one year – earlier in some cases • Open access through ESAC’s archives once data are public – Anybody can exploit archived data – High volume of science results derive from archived data ExoPlanet CDF Study Report: CDF-100(A) April 2010 page 1 of 186 Science exploitaon CDF Study Report EXOPLANET • ESA does not fund selected inves7gators nor Exoplanet Spectroscopy Mission archive users – By choice of Member States • Scien7sts rely on naonal funding schemes – Funding schemes vary a lot across Member States .