Kasa Aw}Dze Dzi Dwuma W} Mfantsefo Awargye Mu

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kasa Aw}Dze Dzi Dwuma W} Mfantsefo Awargye Mu University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA KASA A W}DZE DZI DWUMA W} MFANTSEFO AWARGYE MU: NHWEHW{MU W} KOMENDA NA NO NKWAADO W} FINIMFIN MANT}W MU SOPHIA EFUA COBBINAH MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY ESUSOW AKETSEABA, 2020 1 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA KASA A W}DZE DZI DWUMA W} MFANTSEFO AWARGYE MU: NHWEHW{MU W} KOMENDA NA NO NKWAADO W} FINIMFIN MANT}W MU SOPHIA EFUA COBBINAH 8170260014 Mp[nsamp[samu dwumadzi a ofi Suap]n ne fa a ]hw[ Akan-Nzema kasa ho adzesua do dze k[ma “School of Graduate Studies”, Iyi nye ehiadze kor a ]b[ma Suap]n no ama me Master of Philosophy (Ghanaian Languages-Fante) w] University of Education, Winneba 1 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ESUSOW AKETSEABA, 2020 iii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh PAEMUKA Osuanyi ne Paemuka Emi, Sophia Efua Cobbinah, paA mu ka d[, d[m nhwehw[mu yi mu ns[m nyinara s[ miyi dza nkor]fo a mabob] h]n edzin w] dwumadzi yi mu no nyinara to nky[n a, dza aka no nyinara y[ mankasa me nsaano dwuma. Mboa a minyae no nyina mada no edzi asan ada ho ase w] mo dwumadzi no mu. }dabaa……………………. Da…………………………. }hw[fo ne Paemuka Mepae mu ka d[, emi na mohw[[ nhwehw[mu dwumadzi yi do tsentseen no, d[ mbr[ Simpa Suap]n akwankyer[ na nhyehy[[ tse. Dza otwar d[ ]y[ ma dwumadzi yi dzi mu biara mahw[ ma ]ay[. }hw[fo Prof. Charles Owu-Ewie }dabaa…………………………… Da…………………………………. iv University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DZINTO Moto dwumadzi yi dzin ma me Mfantse akyer[kyer[fo a w]w] Simpa Esuap]n ne fa a ]w] Edwumako; }bemfo Charles Owu-Ewie, Owura E.K. Tetteh na Owura Lawrence Bosiwah. Mesan dze ma mo kun Owura Ato Bedu-Addo na me mba Esi Tanoa, Esi Eduk]rba na Kwame Bedu-Addo w] h]n mboa soronko a w]dze boaa me w] dwumadzi yi mu. v University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ASEDA Meda obiara a ]boaa me ma dwumadzi yi wiee p[y[ ase pii. Odzi kan medze aseda k[se ma Nyankop]n w] mp[mp[ndo a ]dze me ebodur yi, ndaase, ay[yi na nkamfo nka ne dzin. }bemfo Owu-Ewie meda wo ase pii d[ ibir wo b]gyaa enyi, sii pe hw[[ dwumadzi yi. Meda Owura Bosiwah, Owura Taylor, Ewuraba Catherine Mensah na Ewuraba Faustina ase d[ w]kenkaan dwuma yi mu maa me w] aber biara a mihiaa h]n mboa. Akyer[kyer[fo a w]w] Edwumako Suap]n mu a w]dandaan me ma mebodur d[m gyinabea yi so, mese Nyame nhyira hom. Mesan da Komenda College akyer[kyer[fo so ase w] h]n nkuranhy[ ahorow nkanka me panyin na n’abedziekyir w] tsipia a w]dze maa me. Meda obiara a, ]dze n’adwen na no ntoboa boaa me w] dwumadzi yi mu ase. Meda mo d]fo pa Owura Ato Bedu-Addo ase pii w] n’abotar, mpaab] na nkuranhy[ a ]dze maa me. Me mba so mirinngyaa h]n ekyir w] ]d] na ntseasee soronko a w]kyer[[ ber a miridzi dwuma yi. No korakoraa no, meda }s]fo William Amoo na ne yer so ase w] h]n mpaeb] soronko a w]b] ma me aber biara na h]n akwankyer[. vi University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DZA }W} MU Krataafa Paemuka iv Dzinto v Aseda vi Dza ]w] mu vii Mboano xii }FA KOR: NHWEHW{MU NO NE NYIENYIM 1 1.0 Nyienyim 1 1.1 Nhwehw[mu yi ne Ngyinado 1 1.2 }haw no n’edzida anaa as[nka 6 1.3 Nhwehw[mu no Botae 7 1.4 Nhwehw[mu yi ho Ns[mbisa 7 1.5 Nhwehw[mu yi ho Mfaso 8 1.6 Bea a dwumadzi yi k[pem 8 vii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh 1.7 Dwumadzi yi mu Akwambew 8 1.8 Dwumadzi no ne Nhyehy[[ 9 1.9 Tɔwbɔ 10 TSIR EBIEN: DZA ENYIMDZEFO BINOM AKA AFA DWUMADZI NO HO 11 2.0 Nyienyim 11 2.1 Dza Nkor]fo Akyer[w Afa Awar Ho 11 2.1.1 Awar ho Nsusui bi 12 2.1.2 Akan Awar Ahorow 16 2.1.2.1Kuna-Awar 16 2.1.2.2Fie awar 16 2.1.2.3Ahenwar 17 2.1.2.4Esiwaa awar 17 2.1.2.5Ayets[w awar 18 2.1.2.6Mpona awar 18 2.1.2.7Adehye awar/Awar pa 19 2.2 Kasa ne nkyer[mu 20 2.2.1 Kasa a w]dze dzi dwuma w] awargye mu 24 2.2.1.1Anodzi 24 2.2.1.2Kasa ay[dze siw wentwiwentwi ano 26 2.2.1.3Nd[f[nd[f[ kasa 27 2.2.1.4 }p]w Kasa 28 2.2.1.4.1 Adzeser[ 28 2.2.1.4.2 Nkyia 29 2.2.1.4.3 Nkamfo ab]dzin 30 viii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh 2.2.1.4.4 Ndaase anaa Aseda 31 2.2.2 Kasasu Ahorow 32 2.2.2.1Ab[bu 34 2.2.2.2 Kasambirenyi 37 2.2.2.3Ngyinah]ma 38 2.2.2.4Ases[s[m/Ntotoho 39 2.2.2.5 S[-nyimpa 40 2.2.2.6Ahy[nsewdze 41 2.2.2.7 F[wdzi/Aserews[m 42 2.2.2.8 Enyihanhan 43 2.3. Dwumadzi yi ne Ngyinado anaaAdwenmus[m a ]taa dwumadzi yi ekyir 44 2.3.1 Kasa Mfeefeemu Mp[nsamp[nsamu (CDA) 44 2.4 T]wb] 47 TSIR EBIASA : KWAN A MEFAA DO YƐƐ NHWEHWƐMU NA NHWEHWƐMU AKWAN 48 3.0 Nyienyim 48 3.1 Nhwehwεmu Akwan 48 3.2 Nyimpakuw a menye hɔn yεε nhwehwεmu no 51 3.3 Nyimpadɔm a medze hɔn dzii dwuma no 51 3.4 Bea a nhwehwεmu no kɔr do 52 3.5 Kwan a mefaa do nyaa mo mboanosεm 52 3.5.1Nhwεe 52 3.5.2Nkɔmbɔtwetwe 53 3.5.3 Nyimdzee a Mefaa fii Nwoma mu dze taa Dwumadzi yi ekyir 54 ix University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh 3.5.4 Akadze ahorow a medze nyaa mo mboanosεm 54 3.6 Kwan a mefaa do pεnsapεnsaa me mboanosεm no mu 55 3.7 Nkyerεkyerεmu Akwan 55 3.8 Tɔwbɔ 56 TSIR ANAN: NHWEHW{MU NO MU MP{NSAMP{NSAMU 57 4.0 Nyienyim 57 4.1 Kasa a w]dze dzi dwuma w] awargye mu 57 4.1.1Anodzi 58 4.1.2 Kasa a w]dze siw wentwiwentwi ano 62 4.1.3 Nd[f[nd[f[ kasa 68 4.1.4 Lengwesteks }p]w Kasa 71 4.1.4.1Nkyia 71 4.1.4.2Adzeser[ 75 4.1.4.4Ndaase 79 4.2.0 Kasasu Ahorow a ]da edzi w] dwumadzi no mu 82 4.2.1 Ab[bu 83 4.2 1.1 Ab[bu Nkyeky[mu 90 4.2.2 Kasambirenyi 94 4.2.3 Ngyinah]ma 101 4.2.4 Ntotoho/Ases[s[m 104 4.2.5 S[-Nyimpa 106 4.2.6Ahy[nsewdze 108 4.2.7 F[wdzi/Aserews[m 111 4.2.8 Enyihanhan 114 x University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh 4.3. Kasa a w]dze dzi dwuma w] awargye mu no ho mfaso 116 4.3.1 W]dze Kasapa dzi dwuma a ]dze Asomdweebaawar no mu 118 4.3.2 }dze Enyigye Ba 119 4.3.3W]dze kyer[ enyis] 120 4.3.4 W]dze tu fo 120 4.4 T]wb] 121 TSIR ENUM: EWIEI, MUAB} NA ADWENKYER{ 122 5.0 Nyienyim 122 5.1 Dwumadzi yi no muab] 123 5.2 Dza ]daa edzi w] mp[nsamp[nsamu no mu 124 5.3 Adwenkyer[ anaa nsusui 125 5.4 Ewiei 127 MBOAY{ MBUUKUU 128 NKEKAHO 139 AY{S{M 1 139 AY{S{M 2 142 AY{S{M 3 145 AY{S{M 4 147 AY{S{M 5 148 AY{S{M 6 150 AY{S{M 7 152 AY{S{M 8 155 xi University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh MBOANO Wiadze yi mu, y[w] nyimpakuw ahorow na obiara so w] n’amambra a ]fa awar ho. Mfantse awargye y[ dwumadzi tsitsir w] h]n amambra mu a ]ka nyimpa beenu b] mu d[ awarfo w] h]n nkwa nda nyinara mu. Na d[ mbr[ amambra na kasa aka ab] mu a kor nnk] nngya kor no, d[mara so na Mfantse awargye mu no kasa dzi mu akotsen. Fitsi awargye n’ahy[se dze kesi ewiei no, wonngya kasa w] ekyir. D[m nhwehw[mu yi hw[[ mbr[ Mfantsefo dze kasa dzi dwuma w] h]n awargye nhyehy[[ mu. Dwumadzi yi y[[ mp[nsamp[nsamu hw[[ kasa ahorow a ]da edzi ber a awargye dwumadzi bi rok] do. Na xii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh mboanos[m a medze y[[ mp[nsamp[nsamu no ne tsitsir gyina ahw[e, senetwa na mfonyintwa na s[ biribi kyer adwen a nna nk]mb]twetwe ab[ka ho. Kasa a ]daa edzi no, bi nye anodzi, kasa a w]dze siw wentwiwentwi ano na ]p]w anaa enyidzi kasa a ]kyer[ obu, kwan a w]fa do dze kasa ser[ adze a ]mmfa ebufuw mmba a ne nyinara ho hia w] awargye dwumadzi mu.
Recommended publications
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights
    Hattak Móma Iholisso Ishtaa-aya Ámmo'na Holisso Hattakat yaakni' áyya'shakat mómakat ittíllawwi bíyyi'ka. Naalhpisa'at hattak mómakat immi'. Alhínchikma hattak mómakat ishtayoppa'ni. Hookya nannalhpisa' ihíngbittooka ittimilat taha. Himmaka hattakat aa- áyya'shahookano ilaapo' nanna anokfillikakoot nannikchokmoho anokfillihootokoot yammako yahmichi bannahoot áyya'sha. Nannalhpisa' ihíngbittookookano kaniya'chi ki'yo. Immoot maháa'chi hattakat áyya'sha aalhlhika. Nannalhpisa' ihíngbittooka immoot maháahookya hattakat ikayoppa'chokmat ibaachaffa ikbannokmat ilaapo' nanna aanokfillikakoot yahmichi bannahoot áyya'sha. Hattak mómakat nannaka ittibaachaffa bíyyi'kakma chokma'ni. Hattak yaakni' áyya'shakat nannalhpisa'a naapiisa' alhihaat mómakat ittibaachaffa bíyyi'kakma nanna mómakat alhpi'sa bíyyi'ka'ni. Yaakni' hattak áyya'shakat mómakat nannaka yahmi bannahoot áyya'shakat holisso holissochi: Chihoowaat hattak ikbikat ittiílawwi bíyyi'kaho Chihoowaat naalhpisa' ikbittooka yammako hattakat kanihmihoot áyya'sha bannakat yámmohmihoot áyya'sha'chi. Hattak yaakni' áyya'shakat mómakat yammookano ittibaachaffahookmaka'chi nannakat alhpi'sa bíyyi'ka'chika. Hattak mómakat ithánahookmaka'chi. Himmaka' nittak áyya'shakat General Assemblyat Nanna mómaka nannaka ithánacha ittibaachaffahookmakoot nannaka alhíncha'chikat holisso ikbi. AnompaKanihmo'si1 Himmaka' nittakookano hattak yokasht toksalicha'nikat ki'yo. Hattak mómakat ittíllawwi bíyyi'kacha nanna mómaka ittibaachaffa'hitok. AnompaKanihmo'si2 Hattakat pisa ittimilayyokhacha kaniyaho aamintihookya
    [Show full text]
  • Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
    Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes.
    [Show full text]
  • ~YOF . CITY CLERK's DEPARTMENT VANCOUVER- Access to Information & Privacy
    ~YOF . CITY CLERK'S DEPARTMENT VANCOUVER- Access to Information & Privacy File No.: 04-1000-20-2018-196 May 14, 2018 s.22(1) Re: Request for Access to Records_under the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (the "Act") I am responding to your request of April 3, 2018 for: Regarding the totem bicycle counter/scoreboard located near the south end of the Burrard Bridge. Request is for the maintenance and repair log since January 1, 2017. We have contacted staff in the Traffic and Data Management department responsible for the maintenance of the bicycle counter, and they have confirmed that there are no maintenance or repair logs relating to your request. Mark Ka·scha, Traffic and Data Management, provided the following information for a greater understanding of the process: The display board displays data from two bicycle counters on the south side of the Bur_tard Bridge. One counter is on the east sidewalk that primarily collects data of cyclists travelling northbound on Burrard Bridge. The counter on the west sidewalk collects data of cyclists primarily travelling southbound on the Burrard Bridge. That .data is displayed in real time on the display board. Construction of the east sidewalk, on the south side of the Burrard Bridge, began in the fall of 2017. During this process the bicycle counter was removed and the display board no longer displayed data from both sides of the bridge. The display board was bagged as it was only displaying bicycle numbers travelling on the west side. Once construction was complete on the east side we installed a bike counter to begin collecting data.
    [Show full text]
  • Uzo Umyaka Nwere Ike Iji Luso Nje Koso (COVID-19)
    Dike M Ka Ị Bụ Ụzọ ụmụaka nwere ike iji luso nje koro (COVID-19) ọgụ! Mmepụta “Dike M Ka Ị bụ” Akwụkwọ a bụ aka ọrụ nke ndi òtù ‘Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group na ndi na-eleta ndi isi mmebi n’ ọnọdụ ihe mgberede (IASC MHPSS RG). Ndị ọkachamara bụkwazị ndi òtù ‘IASC MHPSS RG’ sitere n’ ụwa niile, mpaghara na mba niile, ndị nne na nna, ndị nlekọta, ndị nkụzi na ụmụaka sitere na mba dị otu narị na anọ kwadoro atụmatụ a. E mere nnyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ n’ asụsụ Arabic, Bekee, Italian, French na Spanish iji wee tulee ọnọdụ ahụike na mkpa metụtara echiche na akparamaagwa nke ụmụaka n’ oge ntiwapụ ọrịa COVID-19. Mwube isiokwu dị mkpa nke akụkọ a ga-eleba anya bụ nke e meputara site n’iji ihe a chọpụtara na nnyocha e mere. E ji akụkọ ifo a kọọro ụmụaka si na mba dị iche iche nke ọrịa ‘ COVID-19 metụtara wee kọwapụta ihe dị n’akwụkwọ a. Ọ bu nzaghachị ụmụaka, ndị nne na nna na ndị nlekọta nyere ka e ji tụgharịa ma melite ya bụ akụkọ. Ihe karịrị otu puku na narị asaa mmadụ ndi gụnyere ụmụaka, ndị nne na nna, ndị nkuzi sitere na gburugburu ụwa wepụtara oge ha nọrọ kọtụrụ anyị ka ha na ije ụwa si aga kemgbe ndapụta ọrịa COVID-19. Nnukwu ozi ekele ka anyị na-enye ụmụaka ndị a, ndị nne na nna ha, ndị nlekọta na ndị nkuzi ndị mere ka ihe nnyocha anyị nwee isi n’imepụtakwa akụkọ a.
    [Show full text]
  • Karenni (Kayah)
    1 fg,uh jkGgbkJgzkdujfgkJg lrkGg;kHgpJh jkGgbkJgomkuhodfgrdflkJ sf jkGgjfgrygjfgrdfh fgdJlKg fg,uh lrkGgeGglkdfcGhnHpJh [t jkGgjfgrygeJgjkfhjuhskyvdJhvfh;kJ bdf rK ktjkfhjkJgrdfsky ;ygjkGg[dJiGpJh dJhsxtg jtgefg rK lkFbfgsky ;Hh [t skGgjfgvHgaHh [t ;Hh lkFbfgsky rK jtgefg dJhsxtg ;ygjkGg[dJiGpJh ktjkfhjkJgrdfsky rK bdf bdf rK ktjkfhjkJgrdfsky ;ygjkGg[dJiGpJh dJhsxtg jtgefg rK lkFbfgsky ;Hh [t skGgjfgvHgaHh [t ;Hh lkFbfgsky rK jtgefg dJhsxtg ;ygjkGg[dJiGpJh ktjkfhjkJgrdfsky rK bdf ;yg,kHha;df,kHha;uh skylkJ lrkGgeGglkdfcGhnH jfgkJg fgpJh fgpJh jfgkJg lrkGgeGglkdfcGhnH skylkJ ;yg,kHha;df,kHha;uh ;yg,kHha;df,kHha;uh skylkJ lrkGgeGglkdfcGhnH jfgkJg fgpJh fgpJh jfgkJg lrkGgeGglkdfcGhnH skylkJ ;yg,kHha;df,kHha;uh jkGgjfgrygjfgrdfhskylkJ fgdJlKgpJh jfgkJg jfgkJg fgdJlKgpJh jkGgjfgrygjfgrdfhskylkJ - jkGgjfgrygjfgrdfhskylkJ fgdJlKgpJh jfgkJg jfgkJg fgdJlKgpJh jkGgjfgrygjfgrdfhskylkJ - 1 jkGgrfhbf[dfh [t ug;tjfgkJg 16 ;kJlkHiGpJh Godfglku jkGgrygjkGgadfh lkmuhjtgztg fgpJh - odJhakJ vmyzKndfg;kGh fgdJlKg jkGgltjfgryg JgzkJgwyg (FEMA) – www.ready.gov fgbJgrygafgakJ zGzkJgsyg fgl;KbkHg[Hg – www.redcross.org jkGgldJjkGgadfh fg[Hgfg,kfhpJh jkGgbkJgzkdu vfh;kJ – www.disasterdistress.samhsa.gov/ ayg[fh afgdfh [t skGg iGpJhjkfhjkJgrdf fga;Gh jtglrkGglrkGgsxtg fg aygcyjtg bdfodJg eGgcGhsky kK sf jkGgldJjkGgadfh rK fg ;ug jkGgbkJgzkdu kJbfg. vdfiG[uh Gzxt nuh [t jkGgldJjkGgadfh fg[Hgfg,kfhpJh jkGgbkJgzkdu vfh;kJ rK nuh bfjuh bfg 1-800-846-8517 sxtgkK rK cHg[dfh jkGgrygjkGgadfh. amyh jkGgbkJgzkdu sf ;kJjfgaGgsky fgpJhsxtglkfhsy/ ;kJlkugoJglkJ 'ku pJh jkGgbkJgzkdu sxtgbfg lkGg jfgrygjfgrdfh ugskJg[Fg lkfh lrG/ fgdJlKg kJbfg ey jkGgiGygcJhjfgrKiG [t fgbkJgldJbkJgcGhzdkf afgdfhjkGgugcduglrdfh. iGomkuhlrkGg bkfjugbfg jkfhbkFjkfhjkGg 2 sxtga;K akFrkJ nFgomuhodfgvdJkK fgvGh jkGgbkJgfgskJ nHsxtgjfgkJg lrGkK/ ayg[fh fgdJlKg jtgztg aygomkuhodfgkK kJbfg. idfnH bkyg. jkGgndJnJg HhjkfhbkHjkfhjkGg. bkfjugbfg 9-1-1 jkGgjfgrKiGeGgcGhsdfgzK sf jkGgvHgjkGgakdJ (kJatgrJ nH. Fg iGzkdfrdflkfhjug. iGskJlkfhjug. Jugbfg fgdJlKg imygoJg ugakxtzkdflkfhjug) fg aygbkJgnHsxtgbfg.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Halh Mongolian As Spoken in MONGOLIA
    Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Halh Mongolian as Spoken in MONGOLIA Halh Mongolian, also known as Khalkha (or Xalxa) Mongolian, is a Mongolic language spoken in Mongolia. It has approximately 3 million speakers. 1. Special handling of dialects There are several Mongolic languages or dialects which are mutually intelligible. These include Chakhar and Ordos Mongol, both spoken in the Inner Mongolia region of China. Their status as separate languages is a matter of dispute (Rybatzki 2003). Halh Mongolian is the only Mongolian dialect spoken by the ethnic Mongolian majority in Mongolia. Mongolian speakers from outside Mongolia were not included in this data collection; only Halh Mongolian was collected. 2. Deviation from native-speaker principle No deviation, only native speakers of Halh Mongolian in Mongolia were collected. 3. Special handling of spelling None. 4. Description of character set used for orthographic transcription Mongolian has historically been written in a large variety of scripts. A Latin alphabet was introduced in 1941, but is no longer current (Grenoble, 2003). Today, the classic Mongolian script is still used in Inner Mongolia, but the official standard spelling of Halh Mongolian uses Mongolian Cyrillic. This is also the script used for all educational purposes in Mongolia, and therefore the script which was used for this project. It consists of the standard Cyrillic range (Ux0410-Ux044F, Ux0401, and Ux0451) plus two extra characters, Ux04E8/Ux04E9 and Ux04AE/Ux04AF (see also the table in Section 5.1). 5. Description of Romanization scheme The table in Section 5.1 shows Appen's Mongolian Romanization scheme, which is fully reversible.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Symbols (2286)
    1 Symbols (2286) USV Symbol Macro(s) Description 0009 \textHT <control> 000A \textLF <control> 000D \textCR <control> 0022 ” \textquotedbl QUOTATION MARK 0023 # \texthash NUMBER SIGN \textnumbersign 0024 $ \textdollar DOLLAR SIGN 0025 % \textpercent PERCENT SIGN 0026 & \textampersand AMPERSAND 0027 ’ \textquotesingle APOSTROPHE 0028 ( \textparenleft LEFT PARENTHESIS 0029 ) \textparenright RIGHT PARENTHESIS 002A * \textasteriskcentered ASTERISK 002B + \textMVPlus PLUS SIGN 002C , \textMVComma COMMA 002D - \textMVMinus HYPHEN-MINUS 002E . \textMVPeriod FULL STOP 002F / \textMVDivision SOLIDUS 0030 0 \textMVZero DIGIT ZERO 0031 1 \textMVOne DIGIT ONE 0032 2 \textMVTwo DIGIT TWO 0033 3 \textMVThree DIGIT THREE 0034 4 \textMVFour DIGIT FOUR 0035 5 \textMVFive DIGIT FIVE 0036 6 \textMVSix DIGIT SIX 0037 7 \textMVSeven DIGIT SEVEN 0038 8 \textMVEight DIGIT EIGHT 0039 9 \textMVNine DIGIT NINE 003C < \textless LESS-THAN SIGN 003D = \textequals EQUALS SIGN 003E > \textgreater GREATER-THAN SIGN 0040 @ \textMVAt COMMERCIAL AT 005C \ \textbackslash REVERSE SOLIDUS 005E ^ \textasciicircum CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 005F _ \textunderscore LOW LINE 0060 ‘ \textasciigrave GRAVE ACCENT 0067 g \textg LATIN SMALL LETTER G 007B { \textbraceleft LEFT CURLY BRACKET 007C | \textbar VERTICAL LINE 007D } \textbraceright RIGHT CURLY BRACKET 007E ~ \textasciitilde TILDE 00A0 \nobreakspace NO-BREAK SPACE 00A1 ¡ \textexclamdown INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK 00A2 ¢ \textcent CENT SIGN 00A3 £ \textsterling POUND SIGN 00A4 ¤ \textcurrency CURRENCY SIGN 00A5 ¥ \textyen YEN SIGN 00A6
    [Show full text]
  • Pri Kaz Ge Ne Ral Nih Re Šen Ja Od Vo Đen Ja Upo Treb Lje
    UDK: 628.3(497.11) Ljil ja na Jan­ko­vić*, Mo mči lo Dra­ku­lić**, Mi loš Sta­nić*, Du šan Pro­da­no­vić*, Žel jko Va­si­lić* Pri­kaz ge­ne­ral­nih RE šen­ja od­vo­đen­ja upo­treb­lje­nih I KI šNIH vo­da na­sel­ja Brus I Bla­ce Display OF general solutions FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE AND STORM waters IN THE villages Blace AND Brus Re­zi­me U ovom radu su pri ka za na ge ne ral na re šen ja od vo đen ja upo treb lje ne i at mo sfer ske vo de na sel ja Brus i Bla ce ko ji su pri pre ma ni u ok vi ru IPA III kom po nen te PPF4 - Pro ject Pre pa ra tion Fa ci lity 4, IPA 2010. Za kon ska re gu la tiva ko ja se od nosi na od vo đen je upo treb- l j e n i h v o d a - D i r e k t i v e E U , u k l j u č u j u ć i i D i r e k t i v u o g r a d s k i m o t p a d n i m v o d a m a , u s m e r a v a k a o d a b i r a n j u s e p a r a c i o n i h s i s t e m a z a p r i k u p l j a n j e i o d v o đ e n j e u p o t r e b l j e n i h i a t m o s f e r s k i h v o d a i p r e č i š ć a v a n j e u p o t r e b l j e n i h v o d a u p o s t r o j e n jima za pre č i š ć a v a n j e p r e i s p u š t a n j a u p r i j e m n i ke.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyrillic # Version Number
    ############################################################### # # TLD: xn--j1aef # Script: Cyrillic # Version Number: 1.0 # Effective Date: July 1st, 2011 # Registry: Verisign, Inc. # Address: 12061 Bluemont Way, Reston VA 20190, USA # Telephone: +1 (703) 925-6999 # Email: [email protected] # URL: http://www.verisigninc.com # ############################################################### ############################################################### # # Codepoints allowed from the Cyrillic script. # ############################################################### U+0430 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A U+0431 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE U+0432 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE U+0433 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GE U+0434 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE U+0435 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE U+0436 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE U+0437 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE U+0438 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER II U+0439 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT II U+043A # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA U+043B # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL U+043C # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM U+043D # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN U+043E # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O U+043F # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE U+0440 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER U+0441 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES U+0442 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE U+0443 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U U+0444 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF U+0445 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHA U+0446 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE U+0447 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE U+0448 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA U+0449 # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA U+044A # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN U+044B # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERI U+044C # CYRILLIC
    [Show full text]
  • N1744.Qxp Cyril
    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N1744 1998-05-25 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Œåæäóíàðîäíàß îðãàíèçàöèß ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Additional Cyrillic characters for the UCS Source: Michael Everson Status: Working Document Date: 1998-05-25 This document proposes several Cyrillic characters for inclusion in the UCS, and discusses the rationale for their inclusion. Most of these characters derive from ISO/TC46/SC4 standard ISO 10754:1996. The first three characters proposed are shown in the ALA/LC Romanization Tables. The last ten characters proposed in N1590 circulated on 1997-06-09 are shown the code table here, but the proposal summary form for them is in N1590. The characters proposed to be added here are given below, with proposed code positions. The table is found on the next page, and the proposal summary form is appended thereafter. hex Name 050F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE 0487 CYRILLIC TEN THOUSANDS SIGN HOOK 0488 CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN 0510 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MORDVIN EL KA 0489 CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN 0511 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MORDVIN EL KA 04C5 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHECHEN KA 0512 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE 04C6 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHECHEN KA HOOK 04C9 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHUVASH NG 0513 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE 04CA CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHUVASH NG HOOK 04CD CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI NG 0514 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER KA 04CE CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI NG 0515 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER
    [Show full text]
  • The Scorecyr Cyrillic Font for Use in Score Date: January 18, 2004 Version: 1.01 Author: Jan De Kloe
    1 Title: The ScoreCyr Cyrillic font for use in Score Date: January 18, 2004 Version: 1.01 Author: Jan de Kloe Introduction The font ScoreCyr was assembled from an existing industry font and adapted for use in Score by Matanya Ophee. This is a description of the font’s characters and how to use them. Use of the font is based on a Standard Russian keyboard which has different layout than a Latin keyboard. To use the font conveniently you either need a Russian keyboard1 or use SipText with the Cyrillic extension. Without a Russian keyboard, working with this font is cumbersome but not impossible, and this document is a help. The SipText program shows a Russian Keyboard on the screen and it can be used as a layout help, or keys can be pushed with the mouse. In this document, Cyrillic characters are shown in Arial Bold to distinguish the script from Latin characters. The font How to use the font There is no phonetic or visual correspondence between Latin and Cyrillic keyboards. On top of that, Score does not show the Cyrillic graphic representation of text and it is not until printing that the user sees the result of Cyrillic text editing. Also, there are some common characters like comma and period for which the font has no provision without adaptation of FONTINIT.PSC and the simplest alternative is to switch to a Latin font such as Times-Roman for those characters. Given here is the modern Russian alphabet. The transliteration is according to the “modified Library of Congress” standard.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Language: a Brief History
    Russia russia Belarus RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: A BRIEF HISTORY Kazakhstan The Russian language is the largest na- Ukraine tive language in Europe, it is the pri- mary language of 175 million people Croatia living in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Ka- Serbia zakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is unof- Montenegro Bulgaria Uzbekistan ficially spoken in most of the countries Kyrgyzstan that were once republics of the USSR, Macedonia making it the most geographically wide- Turkmenistan Tajkistan spread language of Eurasia. Despite its widespread use, for many Countries that use a Cyrillic alphabet among their official languages (Mon- of us in the Western world, Russian re- golia not shown). mains a mystery. all Slavs, for which they are still venerated 12th century until it was the lingua franca For starters, Russian uses a different al- by the Orthodox Church as saints. of Eastern Europe. phabet known as “Cyrillic.” The name of Cyril and Methodius are credited with Over the course of the next 9 centu- the alphabet often confuses people be- devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first ries, the Cyrillic alphabet has adapted to cause it does not identify a commonly alphabet used to write Old Church changes in spoken language, developed known reference of origin. Some even Slavonic. Cyril, Methodius, and their regional variations to suit the features of refer to Cyrillic as the “Russian alphabet” disciples used Glagolitic to standardize different nations, and was subjected to because Russia is the most populous and Old Church Slavonic in order to trans- academic reforms and political decrees. influential user of the alphabet. Many late the Bible and other Ancient Greek Today, over 90 languages throughout Eu- would be surprised to discover that Rus- ecclesiastical texts.
    [Show full text]