Spoken Fante for Non-Fante Beginners

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AUTHOR Denteh, A. Crakye; Keelson, K.K. IITLE Spoken Fante for Non-Fante Beginners INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 74 NOTE 81p.; Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document. Some of the later lessons may be difficult to read. BDRS PRICE ME-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *African Languages; *Instructional Materials; *Language Instruction; Language Proficiency; Language Skills; Language Usage; *Second Language Learning; Sociolinguistics; Speech Communication; Teaching Methods; *Textbooks IDENTIFIERS *pante

ABSTRACT This text contains 66 lesson: in Fante for the student of Fante as a second language. The principal emphasis of the lessons is in developing skills in the spoken language, and study is preferable with a native speaker of Fante. The use of English is to be avoided except when absolutely necessary. Because of the attention given to oral skills, the teaching of formal grammar is also avoided, and blackboard notes are not to be provided for the students to copy. Each lesson is structured around a specific situation or topic, such as greetings, the market place, or parts of the body,and occasionally around an element cf grammar. Repetition is the basic method used; students repeat a given dialogue after the teacher, and then memorize it. Substitution drills and question-answering are then used to reinforce what the student has learned. Review lessons are interspersed at regular intervals. (CLK)

*********************************************************************** * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the micrcfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** SPOKEN PANTE

NONPANTE BEGINNERS

by A. CRAM DENTEH AND K.K . KEELSON

t forPOINTER LIMITED 4.; P. 0. Box 6999 F. ACCRA- NORTH

MAY, 1974.

U S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN. ATING IT POINTS oF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE oF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY GENERAL HINTS

DON'T USE THIS BOOK until these "Ten Commandments" and the "Suggested Methods" have been carefUlly read:-

1. The book should be studied under someone who sp aks Pante, preferably a native speaker.

2. In the course of the lessons, the use of English should be avoided except where it cannot be helped.

3. The ultimate aim is to help the .Learner.to speak the language.. Therefore the main 'princiole of teaching is that of DIRECT METHOD, with a lot of REPETITION by which the Learner is urged to say the same thing correctly over and over again. 4. The lessons have been designed to last an hour... If well handled, it should be mastered within the given time. Rushing through, especailly in the first.ten lessons, should be:avoided.

5. The Instructor is 'warned not to introduce too many new words, that is, words which have not been dealt with before, into the new lesson. Some of the words may have been dealt with elsewhere in the book. A record should be kept of the new words introduced.

6. One temptation connected with this (No.) is that of trying to answer digressive questions from the Learners. I should say that answers should be given only to those questions whichare considered to be answerable.

7. Effort should be made to nvoid the teaching of formal grammar. The Learners will eventually get to know the tenses, etc. through the exercises and drilldin the book. 3 provide an opportunity 9 livery subsequent lesson should for the revision of the previousLesson(s).Revision always. not to be 9. Blackboard notes for Learners to copy are given: even the Learners themselves areto be dis- crazed from taking their ownnotes'in class.Some of the Learners may oppose thisidea. But it has 'teen observed that generallythose irho depend on their notes are the ones who miss themain object of these lessons. However, Learners could built uptheir own English-Pante Dictionagy in their notebooks. 'Another thing to be encouraged is therecording of the various speech drills and practices for privaterehearsal. l. Attention should be...strictlypaid to the "Notes", estecially to those portions recommendingdiagrams, sketches, tabular drills,etc.. -3

Instructor reads -thaparts 1. Conve-tSAtion: i. The line and Bp and the Learnersrepeat these after him, enunciation. by line. One of the objects.forthis is The The "ConyersatiOn".is explained inEnglish: Instructor then'takes the partof A thile theLearner ,takes that of.B; they gothrough thewholeydialogue; until.qa9h gets a and then anotherLearner, and so on, acted, a Learner or.a turn. ii. The dialogue may be pair at a time. the.lines after 2. Sentence drill: i. TheLearners read try them in the Instructor. ii. The individuals then They may be turn, until all thelines are mastered. repeated over and overagain. ii. (As in 2, iand ii). 3. Sentence Practice: i. and the iii. Through leading questionsby the Instructor, be 'sentences may be applied toother situations, or may used as patterns for theLearners' own sentences.

N O T E .

It is one thing to beable to read andunderstand the to speak Pante Language; and quiteanother thing to be,able ABILITY TO SPEAK THEPANTE it. The embhasis.here is on THE geared to this LANGUAGE, and thereforeall efforts should be objective.

IMPORTANT: Each tima, ask youl.self: them? i. Do the Learners understandwhat I've taught correctly what has been ii. Will they be able to say taught? it in their iii. Can they use what hasbeen taught or adapt conversations? YOU HAVE DONE YOUR WORKONLY IF YOUR ANSWERi, iii IS YES. A.C.D. - 4 -

LESSON I

Af=ittance and ,TretArg formalities: Learners should close theirbooks and repeat the folio- explain what they mean: ..7 Las. after the Instructor who will

A. Agoo! (i) 3. Anee, woana a? (ii) A, Mara B. Era. (iv) A. Cwura, rr.er.a wo akye. (v) 3. Yaa ewura. (vi) This dialogue.should be acted overand over again, each Learner being given a turn.

to:- 2. At this stage tleInstructor will"call attention (=) r7h-- oth-r forms of (i)above:"kokooke and knocking .7ently on the door. mu.' (b) other forms of (ii)above:'woba' and 'bra dan

(v) above: Owura (Mr.) Maame- (c: The other forms of _ ( M adam M rs . ) Ewur ab a (Miss) Mama wo akye, aha, adwe. Yaa, ewura.(Mr.) Yaa, - - -oth--r forms of (vi) above: eng (Madam) Yaa onua, Yaa obi-nlade (for . - co-equals).

Note: (b) The dialogue under 2 above should be acted over and over again. Lech learner should have a turn. again, thi:s time : (c) Learners will then act the dialogue =akin; use of whet is learnt in 1and 2 above.

6 5 1101.

LLSSOE

VIA . *OM.IN .91 ,. A and ask eachI.* W. otherWI.. W. abov:t -B offiTE A q seat. the Leszrnrs 1. 3. The aim of thefollo7:in to commit it to mf.mory.

B. Weanow mu e? A. Eo ho ye. Na wo so s? B. Mo so mo ho yie. A. Oyes yeda nyame ase. B. Tsena ase. A. Meda wo ase. should act thedialoEue Note: (a) BothInstructor and Learners ab(ive.

above: 4. Other forms to the ho tse denck; (a) The other forms ofeweapor: mu e?: honam mu.e?, ITo hoye? Neadom ara, 3ckool. (b) The other forms ofeY,o ho ye': Nyame Oye dodow. Ndaase nka (c) 1e other forms ofe0ye, yeda !iyame asee: Nynme, Yeda Otumfo ase; 2werammpon ase. dandze; (d) The other forms ofeTsena asee: Ko famu; ho *0 adze, Szua nye no(to an intimate f-"iend). In all cases 3 must be pointiniito a chair. eMeoa wo kyswe and eLiesere woe shoulA preceed Ko famu, etc. when 73 is addressing =.7.1 elderly person. Turn-over. 7 (b)At this sta.-0 the Instructor andthe Learners should change parts, A and B,and rehearse the dialogue under 3 andL. above. The Instructor may ask Learners to practise in pairsand'finally, tho dialogue should be acted over and overagain until it is mastered.

s-.4 LESSON III

Revision of Lessons I and II

5., Revision of Lesson 1.

(a) The Instructor will ask individual Learners to get out of the room and come back either saying 'Agool, /kokookol, or to tap on the door softly.

(b) Another Learner should respond to lAgoo p'kokooko or the soft knocking on the door, and to admit the one calling.

(c) A and B must exchange greetings as loarnt in Lesson 1. Each Learner should play the part of A or B at one time of the lesson.

6. Revision of Lesson

(a) A is now in the houae/room and B asks 'Wo ho tse dsn?' (Other variations of "Wo ho tse den" may be u6ed by the Learners) A responds 'Mo ho ye'- or A uses anyof the variants.

(b) B offers A a seat - while B pointsto.the seat he says tTsena ase'- or B uses any of thevariants.

7. Lessons I and II combined for a revision: Here A and B should act the dialogue from the time A says "Agoo" to the time A takes a seat offered him by B. The Instructor can play the role of either A or B While a Learner takes the other side. Two learners can also be asked to act the whole dialogue.

(b) Every student must be given a turn in this exercise. LattE-a

8. The numerals/ 1 to 10 are to betaur,ht. These are kor/biakop ebien/ obissa, anan, enum, esia, esuon/ nwotwe, nkron, du.

Note: (a) ,Ibiako' does not meun one orIkor'in the ordinniv use of 'Icor' - it is.a surfix to du ../ eduonu ,../edunsn utc, to mean eleven'( dubiako) twenty one (eduonu biako) thirty one (eduasa biako), etc. The use of 'biako' must be explainedat this stage to avoid the temptation ofLearners.saying "dukorn, eduonu kor, etc. to mean eleven, twenty one/etc.

Note: (b).1t is not 'grammartically wrongto say 'nyimpaebien' 'nyimpa ebiasa' 'nyimpn ananl etc. But it sounds better to prefix lbe'0 and 'ba' when talking ofpeople numbering 2 to9: nyimpa beenu - not 'ebien', nyimpa bausalbaanan, beenum beeSia, beesuon, banwotwe bakron, to count numbers 1 to leover

. Note: (c) Learners must be asked and over again to enable them(Learners) commit them to memorY.

9. Names of objects: (i) with "a-" plurals: ii. with "n-/m-".plurals: dan (pl.) adan akoko (pl.)nkokz 0 tem 0 atam atar rtar

II sekan 11 asel:an banyin bosom abosom (gods) . c...,.. , ,` (iii) Both the s1ngu1r ,knd tiul plural form', am Ea7ne:

sidi (ri.) sidi nsu nsu wia Eyal ctc.

Turn-over,

10 afmn atm, Evaln, asekrin awntwe ntor usia, mbnyin barman, sidi cnum, mpescwa esuon.

N:ta: 1;ver:,- IA:hrnbr must have a turn.

11 - 10 -

USS0:7 V

10. ItAa:LLIJULeech otW; their names:

A. Mepa wo kyew, 1;tofre wo den?

B. Wcfre me Kwame. Na wo so wofre wo den?

A. Wofre me Kwesi. ii. Note: The essential expressions in the dialogue are to be learnt off by heart. This could be done by asking Learners to act the dialogue in pairs. Each Learner muElt have a turn.

7arients of "Viofre wo den?" and Nofre me Kwesi"'.

A. Wo dzin dze den? B. Me dzin dze Kwesi.

12. The names of the Days of the week: The Instructor to say the names of the Days of the week for the Learners to repeat after him:

Kwesida, Dwowda, Benada, Wukuda, Yawda, Fida, Memenda.

Note: Nos. 10 and 11 above are to be revised, and then

12, - 11.-

LESSON VI

13. The Week-daynantsfor male and female person:

1. Revime 12 with Learners.

,..., FEMALE ii. DAY ...... _.... Sunday : Kwesida Kwesi Esi Monday : Dwowda Kodwo Adwowa Tuesday : Benada Kobena Abena Wednesday: Wukuda Kweku Ekuwa Thursday: Yawda Yaw/Kwaw Aba/Yaa

Friday : ,...v.a Kofi EfUwa Saturday: Memenda Kwame Amba.

iii. Example: A boy born on Friday is "Kofi",.and a girl born on Saturday is Amba.

14. Masculine names: Manus MensaAnan ;NsiaEsuon etc. yeminine FOrma: Manus Mansa-,etc

Note: By..tracing one's week-day and numeral names back, one could get at one's Pante name; e.g. the 3rdrborn of a girl born of Saturday geti the name Amba Mansa.

15. Finding own names in Fsnte. Let all Learners tell their individual names in Fante, based on the information in 13 and 14 above.

Note: Instructor to call pairs of Learners to V - ihis time giving th:a names in Pante. - 12 -

LESSON VII

16. A and 3 ask each other wherethu_come from:

L.Mepa wo kyew, ifi hen? 3. Mifi Simpa. No wo so fi hen? Germany/Lmerica.

Note: (a) Let each Learnerhave the turn to ask theabove questions and also to answerquestions put to them by others.

17. Discuss these common ercressions: ves - Inyew'l No -'oho', No - dabi, Please mepa wo kyew,Thank you, O.K. - nyoo.

. For practice:

IL B. 1.Ifi Ghana a? Nyew,mifi Ghana. Wofre wo Kwame? Oho, wofre me KOfi.. Wo ho tse den? Mo Jac) ye. Wo so e? iT,Mo so mo ho ye. Ifi Afrika? Oho, mimmfi Afrika. ifi Kanada? Oho,:mimmfi.Kanada, Na wo so e? vii. Mifi Ghana.

(b) Draw Learners' attention toti..gative"mithmfi". Learners to use this negative. 13 - LESSO::: VIII

19. A'savs piood-tyi: to

1:oroko. B. 0! sesei y'a? A. Nyew. B. Oye, nantsew yie. Ekz a, mikyia Nyoo adze kya n, meda wo ase. B. Ilma nnda ase.

Note: In the Jl_kan society, you say ".thank you" fora gift or a kind deed. Then the next morning you come again to say "Thnnk you for the gift yesterday." Where this 'next morning call" would be impossible, you say "Next morning, thank you" ire. Thanks in advance for tomorrow'foii this gift": Adze kye a, meda wo ase.

"good night" to B:

Merekeda, ma adze nkye oo!

. Nyoo, da yie. A. Nyoo.

ii. rote: (a) "Ma adze nkye oo" and "da yie oo"are to be learnt off by heart and practised..

(b) Let Learners'act the dialogueby way of asking individuals to play the role of , and B. -

LESSCN IX

21. Eentence practice:

W i5 a book on/un.ler/by/in/in front oft hinfL the table.

Lluukuu Don no ao. When.this .is masterad, int-,,cauce ase, nkyen, n'ekyir. Let every Learner have a turn. :;;N introduce: sika aa non no do,-etc. and

(iii) e.7;tu, rnuwa etc. da pon no do etc. .Use on-..trasions to sho7; ase', nkyen, etc.

,Tote: 'da' is the. ,.;erb in-Use now. Later,''si' and tsena' will be.. added. ,.0ther words to

be ntrouced later will include'gu,' . gyina, kozow, etc.

22. i. a..-;vision of the numerals 1 to 10.

numerals Lill to.20; educnu, then eduasa, eduanan eduOnum, osucvztv:, eduOkron pha.1 -15 -

LESSON X

No.21 continued. 23. Sentence drill:

do. (use also: ase,nkyen 1. Buukuu da pon no ekyir,enyim).

Buukuu da adaka nodo. Buukuu da egua nodo. Buukuu da lore no mu.

ii. Mixed drill: nkysn, ekyir, Buukuu da pon nodo (also asap enyim). Sika da adaka nodo; mu, etc. Kysw da egua nodo; ase, etc. Kraataa da lore noMu; nkysn,etc.

Introduce the verbs'sil and 'gu' tothe

Learners.

:,:,7

Instruetor mist bringvisual aids, Vote: In this the ,

e.g.kyew, krataa, butkuu etc.. cun5:- I: me,mil mo mu;You:'el i; C. 7.h= he/she/it: o, o;we: ye, ye wo. you(o1.): hom; they: wo,

yeda, yekasa i. Drill: medal 7.ekasa; eda, ekasa; hom da, hom kasa oda, -okasa; woda, wokasa.

4 4 .Turther cractice:

"feda mpa do: I sleep.on.abed. bed. Ede. moa-do: You sleep'on a ii,e/she/it.sleeps on nbed. 21c. mpa do: veda mna do: 7,e sleep onbeds. Hom dct m-oa do: you sleep onbeds.. .pda ma do: They sleep onbeds.

!if. Tou-th4,-r --nactice: Eidzi paanoo. bread) Idzi -Daanoo. .-Odzi T.aanco. r.n.anoo. ,HoM dzi :wod 7:aanoo.

in the Let every Learnertake active part LESSOI:- XII

mop1.03.71 '1.4 1 25. (a) P.ore drills in t':e use of prono-ns:

Sentence practice: Example: mchor atar; mutu en;:.uan ehor atar; itu enguan ohor atar; otu enguan yehor ata:o5 yetu enguan hom iaor atar; hom tu enguan wIlhor atar; wotu enguan,

Use the folloWing constructions:

dzi taanoo/dokon/fufu/emo/bayer.

kz Nkran/Kumase/Tamale/Sekunde/nsu/edwuma resika/nsVkasa/nkatse/edziben/ndwom.

strahighlife/adowa/scul/calypso/swing/cha kakaar/keteke/aeroplane/hen/.7usihen/wimuhen,

(b) The pronouns in sentences:'Questionsand'answers.

1. (7.hF,t). Ebenadze: e.g Idzi e'oenadze:-iadzi dzkon.

Lpe ebenudze? Mops sika.

.1,;.ofi so pe e? emi so e? Ep nkatse. Hom ps WZDE ebenadzec.:

Hen (fa) (where).

Eko hen? Nkran. Ir.oko hen? Eko skuul. -

LESSON XIII

tonti-., Year. 26. To be studied:Day, Week,

Plura/ 1. SinEular da nda dapen (ndaawotwe) adF.osn. bosoom abosoom. afe mfe. ndaenum, (a) da kor, nda ebien,ndartnsal ndaanan, ndaesia, ndaesuon,ndaflwotwe, ndaakron, da:17.1. adaauo- (b) dadu, adaduonu,adaduasa, adaduanan, num, adaducsia,adaduosuon,kladuowotwe adaduokron* nda.oha.

etc. dapen kor, adanehebien adr.pen cbiasa, etc. oosoom korabosoom ebien,abosoom ebiasa,

v. ate liOrp mfe ebien,etc.

1. a atv:a mu. ii. na fVnaknkra

For practice:(a) Kwesida a etwa mu no Darden a oreba yi Y.daoen ebinF.etwa mu no .

1..bosoom ebipn a orebayi .

F'Tda esiar.. etwrl mu. no ....

.;,fe r. oreba rA 3osoom fa; adazsn ebien kakr, etc.

A -19-

John so'f6 hen? Oko fie. Hom ko hen? Ysko Kumase.

WoRo hen? Woltz Tamale.

'Henfa' may be used in place of 'hen'.

N3te: (a) Use 'sawl and 'ka' in questions and answers as used in(b) i and ii above.

(b) Let individuals have equal chances. Instructor may ask Learners to takehis/her place.

21 20

LESSON XIV

1R-,--vi-ze Lesson XIII.

have been here: 29. A F-n2. Fzsk -each her hew ion: th, r

L. :;17, rz.F: ha al:yer.

B. akyer kakra. Kedzi :re kor nafff. :Za wo so e?

A. h. nnkyeree.

B. Edzi rife ahen woha? Eczi abosoom anan per.

orsatior T.F.y ndw bepractioe/:. with: Ilmenya are/rare; medziclaDen/bosoom/afe na fa; Me ziFCC; cso.orn/mfa esia nakakra; menya- ndaanan, e c . LESSON XV

ad-1: A and B askeach 30. Revise Lesson xiv .7nd other what they do.

Revision of Lesson xiv. and let t3m For :;ach rctice c1l two Learners play the parts of Aand B. Let all Learners tF.k:.;

part in this revision.

A and B ask eachother what viorl: the::do:

A. MeDa wo kyew, eye edwumaben?

B. Eekyere adze. Ekyere adze wo hen?

B. .'!ekyere. adze YID Zionskuul. Na WQ so eye eben. adwuma?

A. ,ennye adwuma,muslIa adze. Isfia ebenadze?

A. aleua borOfokas Le:son.

B. Hyoo, moroko. Oye, nantsew yie.

Let every Learner have a turn aseither it'or

B in the exercise. 23 2. S. 1

31. 2. -finds 3 t in him 1311::fl.nrorriate ,7reetir.7:

A. Edwuma co! B. Ldwuma ye! Nantsew yie oo! Nyoo!

This f.c.: also Lcrmal:

L.. 2r1:;uma oo!/yekoo! B. Yaa onua/egya/nR. Yo bra oo!/Nnkye ba! 2U Nyoo.

Note: Let Learners kno':. these importantE.retings and their reownse by heart.

32. Some common ajectives and Plural kese akese kakraba .nkakraba

tuntun etuntum..

ii. Practise _Isir..7,7 them in sentences. pin7ular Plural 1:.epe out.0 kese. 4.!epe ekutu akese. ekutu kakrnba, idzi ekutu rkakra-ria Oto watse fitaa. Oto watse efitaa. Yewo Rtar tuntum. Yewo ntar etuntum.

Point, out to Learnrs th:t in 7:::nte.thenrajedti-:e ooMs iT1 ite1y f:fter the neun it :lescribes. Except .few, e.g. skuul mbofra. - 23 -

LESSCI:: XVII

A anl. 3 meet Pt t "le Post Office Accraand ctner where tha_limi

Mena wo kyew, etse hen?

Metse J.dabraka.

Ofi ha ko ho war a?

Nyew, kwpn war. Na wo so tse hen?

Metse Osu. Ofi hs ko ho nnwar. Dem a?

iew.

';04.:,=,: Words to be explained: war, ofi ha..., dem a.

34. More adjectives for practice:

buukuutt.:mtum, Kofi wp

tam fufuw, Mowp

atar fitaa, eton

clan kokoo, Woda mu. boredze (plantain) memen, Esi ton -

LESSOX7111

':ihere: hen, henfa. B. Metse Osu. (a) i. L. Hen na etse? Eroko henfa? Moroko Legon.

Kofi ko skuul wohen? Oko skuul wo Tema.

ii. A. Henfa nainyir B. Minyim Simpa. Henfa na yenom nsE? Ysnom nsa wo fie.

Islla adze wo hen? Musda adze,wo Tamale.

Midzii paanoo no wo iii. A. H.,=n-ra na idzii paano no? Madina. Etoo merekye yi wo Motoo merekye'yi wo hen? Osu. Ofaa keteke wo henfa?Ofaa keteke wo Oda.

3c. Construction of sentences:

i. A. Henfa na 9 B. Hen na 9

1-,nfa?

tt. Wo hen? B. wo henfa?

wo .hen? s-" 0 4 - 25 -

LESSON XIX

37. A asks B. whether he can sps- ak Ga:

A. Mepa wo kyew/Mesere wo, etse laran kasaar; B. Nyew, metse.,Metse Twi so. A. Mo so riletse Twi na thenntse Nkran. B. Nkran kasa rinye dzen.

38. For practice: 1. Nkran kasa'nnye- dzen. Edquma yi nnye dzen.. Mfantse so nnye dzen. Greek ye dzen. Lore led y e dzen. Edwumasaa ye dzen.

Nkran kasa nnye mberew. Edwum-a-yi nnye mberew. Mfantse nnye mberew.

iv. Greek ye mberew. Lore kg ye m'oerew. Edwumasga ye mberew.

Note: Inyirn Nkran kasa? Eka nkran a? etc.

Deal with their answers also.

ii. The Instructor should prepare his own material for practice on "Etse", "Inyim", and "Eka".

2 7 26-

LMSON XX

C to B: 39. A introduces Mensa. A. (To B) Kyia Owura (Both B and C shakinghands).

Oys me enyigyede mehyia wo.

C. Mo so dsmara.

/Totes: 1. Kyia: to greet. off by heart. ii. The dialogue isto be learnt

Sentence drill:"Pei.haps": 31 a; annys a. Bi a obsba. Bi a nsu botonds.

Bi a yeboko skuul.

Bi a ofae.

Bi a okAa asem no.

.Annys a, obsba.

Annys a, yebstse.

"perhaps" can occur in aninitial Note: In English or medial.or afinal position. position In Pante bi a' isalways in an initial

only, as in theexamples above.

2 8 LESSON XXI

A meets B at Christmaa.a the New Year or some other festive anniversary

1. Revise Lesson XX.

Let every Learnez have a turn, either as A, B, or C in tht. dialogue under lesson XX.

A. Afrenhyia ra oo!

B. Afe nico .mbotb hen.

Afedan sipei na ystse nkwamu.

Nyew. Na yehyia mu bio.

Note: Learners must master 4l(11) above. - 28 -

LESSON XXII

Sentence practice: Fa (.....) to/si/gu Don nodon/ase/nkyen, etc. i. Fa buukuu no to pon no do. ii. Fa krataa no to Don no ase. iii. Fa koopow no si Don no do.. iv. Fa atar no zu Don no ase. v.'Fa egua no si po no nkyen. i. Instructor must try to use aids inthis lesson.' ii. Tell individual Learners to do as youtell them, as in i-v above. iii. Call others (learners) to instructindividuals to do as in i-v above.

Revi,4ion of 4:_djeetives:

(a) i. Pon kese/tsentsen/tsiatsia. Prptse teter.

(b) 1. Atar kokoo/tuntum/fitaa. ii. Tam kokoD/tuntum/fitaa. iii. Pen kokoc/tuntum/memen.

Sentences:

Mowo wo fie. Ron tor wo ne fie. Yedzi wo Legon. wo Nkran. etc.

Nc:e: The spaces are to be filled with nouns followed immediately by adjectives.

30 29

LESSON XXIII

44. k and B ask each other whethcr they have been to KumasiL etc. i. A. Ako Kumase pen a? B. Oho, monnkor ho da. Na owo ako ho pen?

A. Ako Tema da a? B. Nyew, mako ho da. Na owo e? A. Monnkor Ivo da. Kwan no war a? Oho, onnwar. Oye akwansin duenum.

Notes: (a) i. Ako Tema pen/da a? (Alternative:) Inyim Tema a? Answer: Minyim Tema paraapa/yie. Minnyim Tema koraa.

ii. Adverbial numexe1s: prekci, mprenu/ mren ebien, mprensa/Mpen ebiasa, mpen anan, mpen enum, mren esia, mren esucn, mpen awotwe, mpen aRron, mpen du, etc.

iii. The Cardinal numerals up-to 1,000to be treated.

(b) "Korea" is used generallyin negative. constructions: e.g. "enntse ase koraa".

3 1 LESSON XXIV

kyen; sen;rore/less than;. 46. Sentence practice: bigger/smaller than;etc.

(a) i. Mango yi suar. Egua yi suar.

Nkran Mo kurow musti. Kumase kwan war. Kwame war.

iv. Yie ye. Dzin pa ye.

v. Tamfitaa ye few. Fanta ye dew.

vi. Wo nua yi yekokoo.

(b) Comparing: kyen kor no. i. Mango yi suar Egua yi suarseri pon no. Nkran so senTema. Mo kurow mu sosen Madina.

Kumase kwan warsen Oguaa(Cape Coast). Kwame warsenAmba. sen dadaw no. iv. Buukuu fofor yi ye Dzin pa ye senahonya. tuntum. v. Tam fitaa yefew sen tam Fanta ye dew sen nsu. vi. Wo nua yi yeRokoo kyen me.

should get allLearners involved rote: The Imitructor in this lOsson.

32 31

LESSON XXV

visits B a collea-rue in B's house in the morning:

Kokooko! Agoo! Amee! Woana a? Vara Kofi a. 3. Bi, Owura Kofi, bra dan mu.

Jr6o Owura, mema wo akye. 3. xyia me s. (stretching out his hand) Yaa onua (while they shake hands). W'apow mu e? Bokoo; Na wo so e? B. Iyame N'adom, mo ho ye. A. Yeda On:y-6mo ase. 3. Tsena ase (pointing to a chair). Meda wo Pse. B. Nsu nye yi (giving out a cupful of water) A. (After drinking) Medaase. (Hands the cup back to 3). 3. (Takes the cup and says) Akwaaba. A. Yea onua. 3. Aa, hen ha bereww, owo na enam/amandzse. A. Nyoo, monko me nsempa. 3. Zmmbo man. A... Co, bokzo era. Mebeseraa wo. 3. Nyoo! made wo ase. Akwaaba. A. Yaa onua. 3. Hen ha dze bzn bi nnyi ha, etc. A. Monko me nscmpa! 3. .:).mmbo mem.

Turn-over. 33 - 32-

No:es: 4 Lx:lain unfamiliar words to Learners.

ii. The dialor.;c is to bc practised.

iii. The dialog'.:eis then acted until it is mastered. Variants: W'a-oow mu e?: Wo honam mu e?; Bokoo(line 10) Yo ho ye/Bon bi nnyi mu; Tsena ase: Egua . nye no/No fa mu/Ka wo t adze; When you don't feel like drinking any water,,you willstill have to take the cupful of water beingoffered you ar pour a few drops doWn.

3 4. 33

LESSON XXVI

48. Sentence drill: Dkom; nsukpm, mee-. (a)1. A. Okom dze me. Okom dze me kakra. Okom dze me rapa. Okom dze me rapanara/papaapa. B. Emi dze plc= nndze me.

ii. A. Nsukom dze me. Nsukom.dze me yie. Nsukom dze me dodow. Nsukom dze me papaapa.

B. Eboa, nsukom nndze wo.

(b) A. Mamee. Medzidzi amee. B. Emi dze, midzidzi a, memmee.

Note: i. Nsakom, etc dze me; but tnankom abet. Tsiafi, dwensp/sonkye dze me.

49. i. A. Awow dze me. Awow dze me yie. Megye dzi de me7ar. B, Ennyar, Dye awpw.

A. Dhyew dze me. Ohyew dze me paDantara.

B. Emi dze, awow dze me.

iii. Dye awow yie. Dye hyew dodow. 34

LESSON XXVII of B. Loonb e toB A andtakes leave 50. Asa kwan ko. A. Mepe de mesere

B. 00, sesei? moko, yerokonhyiamu. A. Owo de da ho. B. Nyoo, kwan Makra wo,adze.kye a, meda ase. A. (As he leayes) Enye Nyamenko. B. Nyoo,nantsew.yie. ase, A. Nyoo, meda wo papa. B. Eko a, mikyia

A. Nyoo.

also say"Medze Nyame gyas% Notes: i. in line 5 can wo/hom".

Lesson 17and.must This is adevelopment of until mastered. therefore bepractised, acted

XXV with Where possiblerevise Lesson

Learners.

3 6 35

LESSON XXVIII

51. Sentence drill: who?: "woana"?

1. Woana na oba ha? ii. Woana na obaa ha?

Woana na odzi fufu? Woana na ofrs'e me?

iroana na ckg lore? Woana na otsenaa ase? Woana na onyim Mfantse? Woana kaa dem?

Woana na oboko Nkran iv. Woana na Woana na oboto mpaboa? Woana na Woana na oreba ha? Woana na

Note: "Woana" is a cuestion word, as in "Who told you":

It is never used like the "who" in "The man who came here is my friend", - there is another way of exDressinE this in Fante.

52. Revision: 46.

.37 -36 -

LESSON XXIX

Sentence practice: 'Pe' (to like;to be fond oft etc.)

1. MODS Pante.. Kofi pe (Kofi,lies it) Yepe ekutu. labs so C. E.7e man.go. Yaw pe agor. Bps nkombo. ..Woana na ommpe nsu.? Cs n'asem. .Ifirosna na ommpe sika? Zte nantsew. Ebentifte na epi? Emmpe paanoo? Ebenadze ntsi.na epe Emmpe kwadu? ndwom dem yi? Learners own sentences.

5. i. Mete de moko

Mete de masers kwan ko. - Mete de meki Mfantse. Mete Ae ebesera me. ;_sk for Learners' own sentences - as above.

i's Epe d= eko fie: Epe de -_:to mengo? Hcm te de yenom nsg? As for Learners' own questions.

!II. ace de oko. 3te de ckE asem. a.,-e de okenkan.

".."?.ese are sc be practised and mastered.

38 - 37 -

LATILJAZ

55. gusajlistia9, human bodm:

(a) i. Tsir, enyiwa, ano, aso, hwen, abodwe, abodwesa, kon, nsa, abasa, koko, enumfu, yafun, asen, sisi, sere, nan, nkotodwe, anantu, nanase.

Ottwr parts to be taught:

asap tekyerema, anomu, tainhwi, nsamuy. nsatseaba, awerew, nansoba.

(o) Sentence practice:

i. Me ilsa war sen Kofi ne nan.

Wo tsir s6 sen John dze. etc.

Eyar wo hen/Wo henfa na oye wo yaw?

Me tsir a.

Me nan a.

Me yafun mu a, etc.

3 9 38

LESSON XXXlt

56. Ft,uits to buy and the currency to use:

i. Currency: pesewa, mpesewaa du sidi sidi ebien, etc.

ii. Fruitst ekuiu, aborobe, nkatse, okwadu/Mpuwa, borofer/borosuow, mango, muoko, eduwa, ntreba, eburow, etc.

Note: Introduce lwe' and 'dzi' and use them in sentences like "mowe eburow", "midzi muoko".

57. Sentence practice: regye dii de.(I think that I believe that

Megye dzi de Kofi yar. regye dzi de wo ho ye. Megye dzi de Dada. Egye dzi de obeba?

/Totes: i. "regye dzi de " may be translated: I

believe that , I presume that...., I hope that

ii. The negative form is: renngye nndzi de

The sentences 1-3 under 57 may be tried

in .the negatives.

4 0 33

LESSON XXXII

vs oremzes 3. A. bar ains. with B.

A. Mango-wura, ahen? 3. Ebote bi? 'Anan .ye mpesewa du. A. No bo ye dzen, tsew do. 3. Yedze anan bema : mpssewa awotwe. A. Mesere wo, tsew do kakra. 3. 7,b so kl bi/Ka dza ebema. A. Mebsma we mossewa esia.

-A. 0o! mossewa esia suar do0ow. Yebem.a wo mpesewa esuon. B. Oye fa sika. bra. A. Yenkyekyer ho? 3. Nyew, (takes the wrapped parcel) gye wosika na sesa me. Bi, maame to me do'. A. Owura mesere wo, wonnto do, da a ebsba no mebeye wo yie. Gye wo nsetaa. 3. Meda ase. Moroko. A. Nyoo. Nantsew yie.

1. Translation of the dialogue to show the trend.

44. Words to discuss: Mango-wura, tsew do, to do, kyekyer ho, sesi, nsesa etc.

'Adabraka' can mean "tsew dIf or "fa bi to do". LESSO:: XXXIII

59. Dialogue of buying: Revision of No.58. It may be acted over and over again tetween different rairs until it is mastered.

oe. Sentence practice: "cwo de".

Owode yeko fie CI.=de ihu a?

Owode yeko skuul Owode odzi'a?

Owcde yekeda. Owode yeba a? Zwo de Kofi tsena ha.

Notet: (a) The negative is "Cnnyi de"; e.g. Onnyide yeko fie.

(t) The variants of av, are Ose d-"'2 "eye de".

that of "Oye de" isnOnnye de".

(4) ;_fter discussing (a), () and (c) the aantences may

pr...-tieed with the variants andthe toeitive

negative forms of the terms being studied.

4 LESS0r, XXXIV r. re.:orts sick

%"Dw'Lra, menntsE; a-oow koraa. 3. Eyar *o hen? Me tsir.na mo mu. 3. Na ekohu'Dokota'/Datser? A. Oho, me papa ama meedur. 3. Zse nom anaa fa 'yeden? A. Nyew.ose monnc=. 3. Ewe, se cboko s..;yarsabea a,oko. Minnyi sika. = Gye sidi ebein yi na!co ayarsabea ntsem. A. Co! Leda ase. Mma nnda ase.

A. Morc.ko. . 3. Nyoo, nnkye ba.

asopitsi. Note: i. Va iants: () Dokota - Datser; ayarsabea - (b) Menntse apow - meyar; moho.mmfa me; yc me yaw. tsirmo mu, me' i. .ther parts to complain.about:.- me rrstiG-me yamuvmesg, me. nan .etc.

Methods of usinx medicines:'nom - for liqUids, IND -,:1Prtills/tablets;. "fasera/twitwum" _apPlY externally, 'heml7.to spray on the 'bo - toput 'into thej,nostrils4 - to syringe,pusuw put the liquid in the mouth for sometime 'and.,sPout it out; etc. ii, E-iery Learner mustbeencouraged to go,throiigh,tha dialogue first. This' must be fbllowed bytreatmnt of general'difficulties, andi-iii, above'. LESSCI: XXXV

yesterday. Sentence drill:Today, tomorrow, (Final, medial,initial). .

Ose bra nde.' 'Yoroko Kumase nde. Obeba na oasannde . Muhun Kofi w-oha nde. Nde nyina yewoha. OtCoa nde.

iii.Nde nsu Nde ye Fida. Nde yebosa Yfantse.

okyena. Ko ho okyena.anapa. (b) Eieserat Yeboko asan.okyena. Mma nnko nde, kookyena. Okysna ye Wukuda. Hwe m'enyimo:cyena.

yekna'ioi9e. acaa ha ndeda. Ndeda Ndeda etoow ndwom. Yedzii funi rdeda.

Tiokor Tema ndeda. Yesaaw ndedaanapa. Yetoo ekutu ndeda. Musaaa Mfantsendeda. - 43 -

LESSON XXZVI

64. Sentence drill: Dye me yaw. (a) Of physical pain;*(b) Pitying;Cc)Apology.

(a)Me tsir ye me yaw. (b) Dye me yaw de ammba. Me nan ye me yaw. .0ye me yaw de minnyi sika. Kofi ne se.ye no yaw. 3ye Kweei yaw dr. ne.ng Wo tsir ye wo yaw anaa? ewu. Wb nsa ye wo yaw. anaa? Dye np yaw de canntse asem .Kofi no kon ye no yaw? no. Wo henfa na oye-wo yaw? Zye wo yaw de annko bi? Dye no yaw de oda= ntsem?

Notes: i. Difficulties are to be dealt with.

ii. The sentences are to be practised.

iii. The Instructor may set up his own role-Plays in which some of these expressions may be tut 44 -

LESSON XXXVII

'Ebenadze': Why (used only atthe 65, Sentence practice: ,position inthe.sentences).

To be explained and Practised. Note.the emphasis:

Why is it that .

Ebenadze ntsi na eroko? I. Ebenadze ntsi na eba ha? Ebenadze ntsi na irusaa Ebenadze ntsi na etoo Mfantse? edziban? Ebenadze ntsi na etse:ha? Ebenadze ntsi na Ebenadze ntsi na ehwe me emmpe de ekasa. dem yi? Ebenadze ntsi na ereserew?

66. Notes: i. New words:hw-e, screw. t. "Osiande" and "Nnyehwee/biribiara" are to be introduced. The ouestions-ny now bepractised in a dialogue form e.g. Ebenadze ntsi na ehwe medem yi?

B. Osiande w'atar no ye few; orNnye biribiara bi a.

6 Revision of numbers 100 - 1,000; andthen teaching of numeraisto 1-,000 000.

Revise personal nume-al . See Lesson IV. -

LESSON XXXVIII

Z.. Voca-:ulary for '.:uying and selling:

i. Fruits and vegetables: (See 56).1.1so: boredze, paya, tayer/dwow, ku-ce, abe, tomakyese, etc.

ii. Household goods: pretse, atser, fa'4a/edzinam, koopow, edzidzisekan, n'kwanta, mbukyia, yabaa, kyew, atar, tam, ahwehweenyiwa, mpaboa, egua,.pon, poma, mena dwomba, wodur, etc.

A buvs from B's shop:

A .. Owura, mepa wo kyew, pretse yi ahen? B. Sidi ebien na mpesewa eduonum. Mesere wo, tsew do kakra ma me. Oho. No bo ara nye no. Co, mesere wo. Se eboto a, fa no sidi ebien na mpesewa eduanan. Meda wo ase. Na kyew yi so ye ahen? B. Kyew kese no ye sidi enum, na kakraba no so ye sidi anan. Ma owo hen na epe? z. Mepe kese no, na yi do ma me. 3. Cye fa no sidi anan na mpesewa eduonum. Owura, mebema wo sidi anan. B. Fa kakra to do. A. Ye sika ara nye no, mepa we kyew. 3. Oye fa wo ,sika bra. Wokaw aKa:sidi esia na tresewa eduanan. ZnonYe Yi .(g4.-ing out the:meney)'. 3. (Taking the Money) Tweonma menkyekyer mma -46

the tarcel) Meda wo ase.

E. Nyco! Nantsew yie.

'Zcte: The "Conversation" is to be practised, and then

acted as the rest look on or in pairs when all

get going at the same time. - 14-7 -

LEISSON MIX

70. Revision of 69.

orw (This isexpressed 71..-Sentence practice:"wheth..1, o'). in Pante by-the u!.leof 'Se

oremmba, ommfa moho! i. Se obeba 0,

onnidzidzi o, murunntumnnkg! ii. Se odzidzi o,

obohu wo. iii. Se eba o, ammba o,

But - naaso. 72. Sentence practice:

1.tiokor ho,naaso mennhuKofi.

Mowo sika, naasomonnom nsg.

Kwan no war naasoyebodu ntsem.

suban muo. iv. No ho ye fev6 naaso no

49 _ 145 _

LE:SON XL

73; Seeking or shc7Limilalilection: A asla311110,2 nim find his wav to the G.N.T.C. shoo:

i. Word drill: nyimfa - right; fa nyithfa - turnright, bankum (pronounced benkum) left; fa bankum -turn left,- ko wenyim - go ahead, w'enyim tsentsendo - straight ahead, abasamu - one yard.

ii. A. Mesere wo, kyere me G.N.T.C. fiadze kwan. B. Ko Wenyim kakra, ibohu dan kokoo bi si nyimfa. A. Ono nye fiadze no a? B. Oho, idu ho a, fa wo bankum. J. Ehee, na menye den? B. Ko Wenyim beye abasamu eduonu, ibohu fiadze no wo wo nyimfa. A. Nyoo na gua mu so wo hen? 3. Se idu G.N.T.C. a bii3a gua mu kwan no. A. Nyoo, mede ase. B. Mma nnda ase.

Note: The conversation *should not be merely read, but each Learner should get the essential terms and use them in his/her own expressions - a point to which the Trac- tice should be geared.

74. Sentence practice 'moo' - even. i. John mpo ose onnyi sika. ii. Oannhwe m'enyim mto. Emi mpó mubotum aye. Tommie me nsu mpo. Kofi mpo etum ato lore. Nde mpo nye yi, na iyi mpo minnyi bi. okyena. Me nmpo nnyi fie ho. Each Learner must be p:iven an opportunity to read or say the above sentences. ii. Exercise (oral) Ask every Learner to give two sentences each of which contains 'moo'. - 49 -

LESSON XLI

75. Sentence practice: "Ebenadze, den"-what?

(a) i. Ebenadze na ereye yi? or ii. Ereye ebenadze?

Eben asem na erekyi? or Erekti eben asem? Ebenadze na worohwehwe? or Worohwehwe ebenadze.

(a) 1. Ese den?. Wbse den?

Notes: i. Instructor to let Learners practise theabove questions.

Learners to answer the above questions.

iii. Exercise (a) Individual Learners to putthe above questions to others who, in turn, will answer them.

(b) Other Learners to put own questions. These muSt be answered by other meMbers of the class.

e.g. Ese den? Mese ma me sika.

Ebenadze yp wo? Me tsirYeme :yaw..

iv. Revise 73(11). 50

LESSON XLII

76. Sentence practice: Se a; - 'Ifand 'when' - conditional clauses.

(a) "If": Se a,

i. Se nsu to a, mobohor tamyi. If it rains I'll wash this cloth. ii. Se oba ntsem a, yeboko. If he comes early, we shall go. iii. Se minya sika a,mohoto If I become rich, I'll lore. buy a lorry.

iv. Se hom dzi a, hom beyar. If you eat it, you will fall sick.

1. Se oba a, fre me. When he comes,.call me.

Se yehu no a, yebeba. When we see him, we shall come.

Notes: i. New words to be discussed: mobohor, ntsem,beyar.

ii. The subordinate clause "Se.....a, "shouldalways be at the initial position (see examples above).

iii. Learners to give sentences which contain "if" 4 and "when" clauses. After each sentence, call anotherrLearner to translate it intoFante.

iv. Sentences given in Fante to be translatedinto English. IESSCN XLIII

7-. Rev4=i:n :o.G2. Ndeda (yesterday), Nde (today), okyena(tomorrow)

1. (a) Nleda: Mh ofi ndeda. (b) Nde: Me papa beba vrboo tool ndeda. nde. Kwesi baa ha ndeda. Yebotu kwan nde. Nde nsu boto. (c)Zkyna: Kobena teba okyena. 2kyena yebotu kwan. iba me fie okyena.

N:Te: Enoo'.:rage Learners to use 'ndeda', 'nde' and'okyenal in se:tences.

'Ndeda', nuc. rInfl 1okyena- usedinterrogatively. Ihun Nofi ndeda? Nde: Obeba nde a? Ndeda idzii paanoo a? Nsu boto nde a?

0".r- .6.... 2:: Okyena eboko hen? Wobodu Tema okyena a?

Learners to *,:se'ndeda', 'nde' and 1okyenain question sentences.

7E. 7urth..--r work - No.77. Nde ndaansa - the day before yesterday; Nde (ara) today for emzhasis; ckyena ekyir - the day after tomorrow.

1. Yetoo paa7.00 nde ndaansa. Nde hdaansa na Kwame bae. iii. Mehu Kwesi nde ara.

iv. Mibefi ha ne ara.

Turn-Over. 52

Frataa no bodu okyenaekyir.

aca okyenaekyir.

1cr,ipnt for "ndegra" "nde dua yi".

Krataa (letter.,paper). ii. ;._11ow Learners to have morepractice. - 53

LESSON XLIV

79. New words to be explained: (a) Anapa - morning; EWia - noon-tide; Ewimbir - evening; Ewiaber - day; Anadwe - night.

(a) tow ndwom, ko edwuma, si a Mfantse, so kandzea,

tu kwan, dzi agor, ko nhyiamu, ntsi, anaa.

80. i. Monom tsii anapa. Mennda ewia.

Yeguar anana biara. Muslla adze ewia.

Moso kandzea anadwe. iv. Ohwe sene anadwe.

Monnso kandzea ewiaber. Oda anadwe.

v. Yedzi dokon na kyenam ewirL1-ir. vi. Yemmbo bool ewimbir.

Ewimbir biara yetow ndwom. Wonntu kwan ewimbir.

81. Miscellaneous: Learners to u.:e anapa, ewiaber, ewimbir, anadwe, ndeda, nde and okyena in sentences.

5 5 LESSOI! XIX

Ber/Lber ben - whattime; when). 32. Sentence drill:

Ber ben na ekor Tema? (a) i. Ber ben naesber? Ber ben na isaa adze? Aber ben na obeba?

Ber ben na yepon skuul?Aber ben na owui?

Ber ben na yebokofie? Aber ben na wotoow ndwom .no?

Obeba ber ben? iv. Aber ben na yenomtsii?

Yebeda ber ben? Aberbgnna yebokoho? Aber ben na yeba skuul?Kofi bebaber ben?

again ttre gluestions (b) i. Learners to go over and over above.

ii. Give Learners thechance to ;,ut the above questions to the others v.: tinswer,working in turns.

iii. Learners to put their ownquestions to others

to ans wer. The questions to be based on

"Be.1;/Lber ben".

56 TEESOI,T XLVI

Sentence practice: (a) ....per, (b) se ....pe.

1. Ohu me ter, obogaan.

Odu fie per, cbeda. Yedzidzi ter, yebeye edwuma no.

Victhu no per, obotua sika no.

Kofi ba ha per, bisa no asem.

Itua kaw ter, ma do.

Hom hu no rer, hom mfre.me.

Oda per, hom npue.

(b) SE; okasa per, ma ompue aboano. Se otua sika no per, fre me. Se oda Der, gya no ha.

Sa oammba tar, yeboko fie.

N:Tes: i. Explain these words: oboguan, obotua, bisa, mpue, aboano, oammba.

ii. Encourage Learners to form own sentences based or " ter", and "se...... per"; after practising the above examples thoroughly well.

57 LESSON =II

11, neg.:-"Mma mmfa'nnto". =entr.^.= practice: :a to" etc.; to ho. i. Fa to II:. ii. Fa dika no to ha. Fa to ha. Fa buukuu no mu. Fa to mu. Fa krataa no to Fa to nkyen. Fa iyi to nkyen. following words in iii. EncourageLearners to use the pon, kotoku. sentences: sika,kyew, egua, adaka,

iv. Treat newword:- kotoku. ho. i. Fa gu ho. Fa tam no gu gu ha. Fa gu ha.. Fa hanketse no mu. Fa gu mu. Pa mbobaa no gu nkyen. Fa gu nkyen. Fa nkrataa no gu iii.Treat: - hanketse,nkrataa, mbobaa.

iv. Fa nsu no gukyense no mu. the following in v. EncourageLearners to use sentences: sikapmbuukuu, anhwea,etc. si pon no do. Fa si hp. ii. Fa koopow no ( ) 1. Fa si ha. Fa nsu no si ha.

iii. Fa koonow nosi Don noWase, nkyen. in sentences:- iv. Learners to usethe following words ra-ing attention"Fa si

etc. The negative:mmfa nnto/nngu, nnsip ii. Mma mmfa nngu mu. 1. Mma mmfa nntoho. fL.472 Mma mmfa nnto ha. Mma mmfa nngunkyen.

Yma mmfa nnsi mu. Mma mmfa nnsi do. Turn-over. 58 IWO 57 IMO

iv. Mma canna sika no nnto ho.

v. Mma mmfa no ha. Mma nnsi do.

Mma mmfa no mu. Mma mmfa nngu mu.

nsu no mu. Mma mmfa nnto....

mbuukuu no nngu.. no nngu..

Note: Learners to fill the spaces with vocabs. learnt

in 84(a)-(c) on naqe 56.

5 9 - 58 -

LESSON =VIII

.86. Sentence practice: mba(don't bring); (0) (a) Fa bra (bring),(b) Mma mmfa mmbre (don't Fa bre. (bring to), (d) Mma mmfa bring to..) (e) Fa ko(take.away), (f) Mma mmfa nnko; (g) Fa kema(take to), (h) Mma mmfa nnkema (don't take to).

Positives Neuatives

(a) Fa bra. (b) Mma mmfa mmba. Fa bra ha. Mma mmfa mmba hrz. Fa bra ntsem. Mma mmfa mmba ntsem. Fa bra ho. Mma mmfa mmba ho.

becomes "2a bre". Note: With datives: 'Fa '-ra' (e) Fa ko. (f) mmfa nnko. Fa ko ho. Mma mmfa nnko ho. Fa ko ntsem. 3tia mmfa nnko ntsem, (h) Mma nmfa nnLema (g)Fa kema Kofi. Fa kema no(him/her) Mma mmfa nnkema no. Fa kema Kwame. Mma mmfa nnksma Kwame.

Note: With datives: 'Fa ko' becornes'Fa kama'.

87. Exercise: Lchrners to completewit,- own vocabs.

Turnover.

6 0 -59 -

(a) 1. Pa bra. (b) i. Mma mmfa ....no

ii. Y, ntsEm. ii. Mma mmfa no....

iii. Fa bre.. iii. dzkon no no.

iv. Fa If:: iv. sekan.:..mma

V. Fa Irma... v. Mma mmfa Kwesi.

vi. Fa nsu no vi.. nnkcma....

vii. Pa vii. Mma mmfR =bre

viii. me.viii. mmba

61 -6o-

XLIX

Sentence *nractice: Yedze too etc.; Negative: Mammfa annto.

Ye.-'7e too *no. ii. edze sekan no too ho. Medze E,zu ha. Medze tsii no guu koopow Melze sii do/mu. no ma. Medze bodambo no sii adaka no mu.

:4. Medze bu'.:kuu nctoopon no do/ase/nkyen, etc.

Yedze sika no tco kotcku no mu. . Yedze egua no sii dua no ase. 2er4ze atar no adaka no mu. Me~ze okits4 no dua no ase. Yedze ns.-: no no mu. Yedze Wodze

Note: The above snaces to be filled by Learners.

:he nezative: Yr.fa nnto/nngu/nnsi, etc.

d. Ya=mfa annto ho. di. Mammfa sekan no annto ho. Mromfa tsii no ennsu koopow

no 1.1. Yammfa ennsi do/=.. Mammfa bodambo no ennsl adaka no mu.

Exe.^^ise tobe done by Learners:

Ma.77fa enrsi no do.

e"-.11F1.1,a mu.

e-ouro7; no no mu.

4....ase.

Turnover. 62 Mammfa no nkyen.

Mammfansu no nc mu.

Mammfansu no no do.

Note: Learners to fill the saces with :;crdfrom own store of vocabs. -

iESSON

Sentence =ractice - more netives: me, mo, mi mu; e, i; o, c; ('st, 2nd and 3rd singular).

1 Positives Negative Meda h=. 'Mennda,ha: Meda dan mu. Mennda dan mu. Monom nsu Monnom hsu. Mono= edur. Monnom edur. Misi dan. rinnsi dan. Mutu enguan. Munntu enguan. Mutu "zankye. Munntu bankye.

Ai. tzoi. Emmbc bccl. Ti''leca. Ennkc Tema. Eda dan mu. Ennda dan mu. Idzi fufu. Inndzi fufu. Itu engupn. Inntu enguan.

Odzi flfa. Onndzi fufu. Otu Onntu bankye. Ohu adze. Onnhu adze. Zkc Onnkc Tema. Onnko skuul.

to "ce done 'oz,- Learners.

Positive Negative Motor. "cuukuu -Mummbu dua. Vinndzi fufu.

Turn-over.

6 -63 -

Eton egua.

Odu ntsem.

Ihu Kofi.

ronncm nsg.

Munnguar.

°rinds fie. IWO 64 ON/

LESSON LI

negatives: ye, ye; hom;wo, wo: 92. Sentence practice: more i Positive Nezative Yedzi paanoo. Yenndzi paanoo. Yebu ndua. Yemmbu ndua. Yeton mbuukuu. Ycnnton mbuukuu. Yebo bool. Yemmbo bool.

Hom ba ha. Hom mmba ha. Rom bisa asem.. Hom mmbisa asem. Eom da ntsem. Hom nnda ntsem. Wodzi paanoo. Wonndzi paanoo. Wodzi dokon Wonndzi dokon. Woda fie ho. Wonnda fie ho. Wokasa. Thnnkasa.

93. Exercise': in positive for 1. Lsk Learners to ivc short sentences others to give their for others to saythem ii. Ask for negati-ve sentences in positive. iii. Fill in Ihe spaces;miscellaneous. Positive azlAtive Yedze to ho. Odze si ho. Onntse dua no ase. 7;onnko Tamale. ?;ston ekutu. Odzi sikrt. Hom ne asem. 66 -65-

LESSC:: LII

TellinE the time:

(a) i. To be 7.r:stared: donkorp ndonebionpndonebiaaa nuonnanp ndonnump ndonslapndonsuonp ndonwotwep ndonkronp ndondup dubiakop duebien. donkor mpaamup ndonebien mpaamup ndonebisa nras=up ndonnan mpaamupndonnum mpaamup ndonsia mraamup

(b) Minutes to: PI"' sema ma Lka sema du ma oabo dubiako. ;.;:a sema eduonu ma .bo .donkor. etc.

95. General tractice: Oabo ahen? (The answer patterns are 3.z. 94 ap-cpcp and d).

Notes: i. Beye ndonsia - It's about 6 o'clock;alternative: Oabo bsys ndonsia.

ii. Learners should 're given their turn to put the cuestirn for others to answer. This exercise should be rractised.over and over again.

clock, a paper clock or at least the dia- ram of a clock on the black board may be used.

6 7 - 66 -

dnpen/adapen; Posoom/ 96. Vocats. 1. si mu; du; afe; abosoom; afe, ndaanan,nda enum, etc.

ii. Revision: ko,bat, da, nom,dzi. 0,0.4

(No:.82) 97. Revision: *iser/Jber ben Question: i.ber ben na obaaha? fa. Pattern answers; i. Obaa ha ndonnan na Obaa ha.ndeda anapa.

Obaa ha ndedaewimbir.

iv. Obaa ha Dwoda no. v. Obaa haWukuda.a otwaa mu no.

vi. Obaa ha akyer.

vii. Obaa ha, edzi adapenebien.

viii. Obna.hal mfe anan nyeyi.

Note: The question could bediversified.

e.g. Yesii mu ber ben? Obaa ha ber ben? Wodur ho ber ben? Wonoom nsg no ber ben?

68 LIV

I,; R.Biations: !;i capa maamc.nua, be,wofa, k j rron-nc :_etion akont an, dainfo nana 1ye r nyenkc 3 egy a 9asew a-zofra, kun,

("c) Sentence practi:-...e:

cue stion: Cv.:r a yi ya woana? "_;...-.11'..ab a yi ye woana?

cr Cvrayi so s? Ewuraba yi so s?

or ii. Oya r1egya .t_nswer: i Dya me maame Dys m'asew. Dye me ba. Dys m'abofra. Oy-, me nc,na. Dyz. me yer. nycnko. mo nue. Zyeio wofa. e mo kun. kJra.

Zxercise: Learners to usewords under./Pronunciation drill =---zove in simplesentences.

u -1/ - te.r..-7. for "Maarne" is na an-Iorpapa 99. "Jo : noth.r are "fathers", , is "egv=". Paternal uncles and aunts and_maternal aunts are"mothere; hence egya kuma" and D=nyin and "eL:ya kuma" and oanyin!' Cne mothc;r1 s brother az, " -8 -

- y

7c-e. ii. Itum kgFrench. ::fantse. Wotum tu enguan. Yetum hor*ntar., Mutum dzi dokon.

1..z) ansv:ers: Nyew, mutum kg lore. %. Nyew, mutum bz - otum ker 1:.fantse. .Nyewp.wotum saw nsafo. ERWaqaforf. .

*7-cr-s can't - nntum.

V. Yenntum nntu kwan. a . rn*.r:F: lzr=, iv. v; Eunntum r,.tom nsg. 77. vi. Onntum nnsaw asafo.

lzre? 2'ns. 1. Oho, onrtumnnkR lore. Oho, yenntum nntu e Oho, onntum.nnkyerew bUukuu.: I Oho,,munntumMtbu duo.. wpnntum nnton.adze. Oho,yenntum mmfir bi. -6 9 -

102. Convcrsation: washinE.

1.1epa-wo hohor nsa ho

3. Ep F. de ricyF:.::-.Aribi na P n a c: A- N3w:;, mep: df. ehop n' star ma me. 3. Ewo nsu n sokitsi? Nyew, mowo bi.

B. 17.a -mba no wo a, woans' nn obotow v-ma wo? A. Mo ntsJotow do. 3. Ewo pon na -yabiriw? A. Nyew, bi. 3. Hen .na ebehata ndzemba no? A. 1.:ebstata wo ahoma yi do. 3. Mahor no fefeefew. A. 1:yo=_:, Meda ase. 3. 00, mma nnaa ase.

(a)Vocabs.: 1. Vr:rbs:- tohor, i:r; tow dc; hate, ii. nouns:- semlna, ayabiriw, ahomal

(b) Tile conversation may now be Practised over and over again. If the Learners deviate from the actual words here ahd use correct expressions of their own to embo,fly the sense re-vired, to much the better.

,(c) The Instructor mny use aids to estat,lih the vocabs. in the lesson.

71 -70 - 1,23SON

(then, i.e. "in thatcase" .....) 103. Dem dze t For practice: ase. 1. Aba, dem dze a tsena Ewo sikay dem dze ato bi. Onyim kwan no, demdze a ma onko. - B. Dem dze a, mayenko. ii. A. kyerew, bi;a ho. nyirnwo fie. Dem dz.a a; ma wonkye her bi. pii. Dem dzci a,

104. "Na so'' (arfd ii. Oton adze ,na so. 1. Oirji lore na oton atam so. so. Wovm oika nwobu adze so. Ysbo bool..nn Onyim nwoma na. ,..so. Oko skuul na os13aadwuma so.

- Ansaana(before) Used in the finalf:osition of thcsentence.

Se eboto a.ma mentsc:ansaana. Eps a fa na mbomtue kaw ansaana. Yetuaa kaw naascyeanLhwe no yie ansaana. f the. sntence. Used in the initf.1 or poritio!%

Dzidzi .unsaana skuui. Ma no edur ansaanaoada. Ansaana yeboko no o=de yehu no. Ansaana adzerebeky.E no nna oko.

'.Pnal...... - 'Vote: 4:,.. Variant ifor ''-ansaan' -

...... , ii('...:''.::-.. ..., .1ew,expre.Ssionsitebu adza., adzerebekk6.'.. .',,-.:71.3:,;.;

. . , .... .-..

..., --,::::,...,,.. ..*.,.':'

,, 72 . ....:;,,,,z,,,,,:_:... fiigati;t4 - 71 - Fr

LESSON LVIII

106. Revision: ii latior'as (No.98(b)) ii. Conversatton (NO.102 (ii)).

107. Dye me de (It see7.s to me/it appears).

Qentence practIce:

i. Dye me dE inyim Twi.

Dye me de eyar..

Dye me de enntse apow.

Dye me --Ac i o turn ako.

Dye nsa. 7..) minnyi sika.

3ye me de enya krataa (letter)

0-re,) me de wooapa beba nde.

Dye hom de edw:amr yi ye mberew.

iii. Sxercise: Ask Learners to give o7in sentences -

usinz "cys de". IE33O:7 LIX

DP..ncing and Sinr,incg 7-, tsak z- ...ancinjand s1nr4n;-.

...!..WC4GUCte inyim s si's? saw. " ndwom so tow.

ndwom. - .1 ndwora, .nkanka asor .7cntow naasaw? . ra:saw. a.dw:-...nt.:w. Ss '..iobo kyenyie so a,

w;; :7yewycv i. Cnyim kyenbo papa. ::ernts= :74E r)rC-Z.Z.- kyen. Ss asafo;7:ca a$na obo. 2bsnadze nye asafo. , asafo.Asafo y& Akanfo ayurkese. 'no koraa. ..:-.safo so 7.-otc-.-: ndwomwo mu. wtcw ndwom, 7.7-bokyen' asafc na Asaw no ye dzen. a.ta'c saw.

"e; words: adwontow, okyerema,kyen,

; .)r:. -7; 9 zurustia, r::111bObi7.1a - .73

7E74::^- LY

109. Revision: ) th:.!

(-2er a) ohaa hr.: no, nna oabo ndonnsia, etc (Ber ben) 1To.82.

(ii) Nos. 100 and 101.

110. It leoks as if (i) gyama (ii) Dye de.

For practice:

(a) Gyam eyar?

Gyama entsee ma zaba.

Gyama onntse kasa.

Gyama onnyi egya.

Dy& de nsu boto.

Dye dE okom dze no.

Dye de onnhu adze.

oyare.

Exercise: Ask Learners to give own sentences.

- +,t I q1'; s- '7' r;k4 LSC LXI

111. F:;veryday command.s:

1. Bra (come); a"oofra,bra; bra e, bra. Gyaa (stop); hs hei ;.:yaa; Kofi cryaa dem ye. Ko do (ye) proceed; (llead) nnqyaa, ko dd kasa.. iv. Fre (call).Fre Yol'i ma me. Fre no; fre hon ma m:J. v. Hwehwe (look r it; sear.ch for it;seek) Fwehws Esi ma me. vi. Tow kyen (thro%: it away).Tow ekutu nokyen. vii. Mma nnkasa (n't talk) MmE, nnkasa no ho.Don't mind hlm. Ye konr-jdzinn/fonn.(bequiet). viii. Tsie. (listen) Tsie assm no. Tsie dzaorek5. ix. Hwe (look); hwel (look here!); hwe adze.*: x. Soer (get uP) Soer gyina ho. Boer o. xi. Fi ho. (get away) Fi ha ko. xii. Gyina (halt) Gyina ho. Gyina lore no ma me. xiii. -Mma (don't) ''Fra nndzi..14ma nndu. xiv. K5 bio. (say .it azain, repeat it) Tow ndwom nr.)bio. Serew. (1a1.1L.h) Serew Kofi. xvi. Ka mu/Toni mu (shout). xvii. Dzi (eat) dzidzi (take tood). xviii. Pa (take) ko fie. xix. Kenkan (read) ke-'-raa,buukuu no. xx. Tu mbirika/Tu e:lcuan

Note: :Drill in these: Each of the ,.-..bove may be acted by Learners. _ 75

LE8302'r LXII

2cn-..er=atfen:

7n rhur.oh- bg.1'-':-e the start of the service. A whis:ers to who is sittin:7; besides him:

wo kyaw; woana na obeys asor nde? 2. Csofo Andrews a.

A. 2er b=n na w:ff asor ase? . 2. I:off ase ndonkron na f6; na w000n dubiako. Ebenadze ntsi na asor no kyer dem? 3. Csia.:de y=bo m1Daa,.kenkan esaasem, tow ndwom, yetsie asEnksZ no.-

.J-r no du a, wodze pretse ko aprow. A. Ah--n n wodze to pretse no mu? =. Dza ete na edze to mu. A. Horn wo aiwontofo kuw? 2. Nyew, yew,o bi.

. . Ei, ya hon na worotow ndwom ba no? 3. Nyew. Ma yensoer.

Notes: New ords: Asor (the church, prayer); ---,Ina (who)

csofo (Rev.) osiande (because); yebo ,:tpaa we pray); esugsem (the lesson); asenkg (the sermOn).

44,0 7.^ 7.7 LXIII

- Sen-_enoe Sc, (also); Naaao .(althouEh....yet).

Yaw S ::kran okyena. .o atz., dOkon no bi. Hen so yece sika no bi. Amba so ton kube.

sika naasc onnsi. dan.

1C,111., 7.1:a nasso onnko skuul. ha.naaso mennhu Aba. 1:erntse c.pow naaso' minnYi

I' Sen=ence drill: :7.tsi (therefore,..sO because'of),' :tsi na (that is why).

i. Dyav, ntsi mma nnhaw no. . Cnnyi sika, ntsi kom dze no. ntsi ov,p sika. Zsnntse, asem, ntsi gyaa kg.

ii. (3eca-.2se Me.bapa ntsi mebeba ho4 Eh=bobor ntsi medze kye wo. 7;o yarba no ntsi mma nndzi mpuwa.

fii. 2:tsi na (that is why), Wcannye no ef-..:r1 ntSi na owui.no. famu ntsi na osui no. Cennya lore no mu kwan, ntsi na oannko no. Onnyim n"egya, ntsi na orokOhwehWe:nc np.

, 1. 'haw' (to troUble/worry) :.ohaw .ctrouble: OYe chaw kwa).

ii. Learners shoul'be encouraged to use the Patterns in sentences of their own.

' YrIfiqfinia 77

LLSSO": LXIV

115. A intends t..)Kr:, on n ic.urne7 and t1:11:s to B about

A. Murutu kwan. B. Eboko daben nde E.naa01,7e- 4- A. Mibesi mu nde. B. Ber ben? A. Ndonebien mpaam.u. B. Edze keteke anaa lore? A. Medze lore, onona oko ntsem. B. Wogye ahen? A. Wogye mpesewa eduowotwe. B. Akwansin ahan? A. Eduosia enum. B. Na wo ndzemba:wO hen?- A. Menndze ndzemba biara. B. Na ebeba daben? A. Ciebeba dasende. B. Oye, se mennhu woa, nantsew yie A. Nyoo!

Notes: 1. New words: akwansin;dasende.

The dialoguemay be practised in pairs after the drill.

0, 7,3

Ne tsir nnye. He is not lucliy. : Ne tsir a no paa. - He is mad.. Ne tsir -.nyi fie. - He is mad/He does not think about YkoMe. a 4 .... a- tht-7-;eye:

Crivi n' eyi dc. He is having siesta. N'=nyi esi fie. He feels homesick. . ":. -bout the ear:

Tue n' aso . -Give him a. hint. Twe - Punish him.

...1.tout the :7.outh:

"J'ano He has said what he ought.

not to,. . N' ano awow. He knows hoi to speak very well. ano atsew. He knows how to speak very well. i:T%=kg n' ano. He is eating.

7. ,..70%:.1.; hanf:

Ne nsa war. - He is a thief. Zrekg ne nsa, - He is e-atIng. - He has stolen something.: Ne nsa :nu ye. He is rich. . . . .i-.^out the sto:-.-.F..ch: yaf= abo-co. He is hungry.

r."2.. He does not feel like eating.

=tue. , He has 'frequent stool. "- - :Z

5 :41 110 - n c;e5250t,',, . .AiriAgiatigfx,..051q11 LZVI

117. Idioms:

1. ;-..bout the logs:

n'anan ye ha ntsiantsia. - He -rez:uents N'anan ho awow. - He w,Ilks very fast. He can alk well.

118. fiscellaneous

3abo hwea -He is fri7ht;:n.6d. Oafa adze

Bosoom ewia no Sheis pre,7nant. Dabo sotpr.

ano abo - H= has finished speaking. Oegu hyirew - He has been found innocent. N'enyi tratra no nton - He does not respect anybody. Agye nta - It is well-established. No ntpn e-hima - He is annoyed. Woetwa no esu. - ie has been deported. Oetwa no ho. - He is p-one on a trip. Dadan n'ano, - He has changed what ..-1c;said. Ne nsa apa. - H= has/hit/knocked/killed someone by accident. Oroto nkom. - He is dosin,- off. Woato no brada- He has been ,ricked.