Logistics Capacity Assessment Ghana Country Name Ghana Official Name Ghana

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Logistics Capacity Assessment Ghana Country Name Ghana Official Name Ghana LCA - Ghana Version 1.05 Logistics Capacity Assessment Ghana Country Name Ghana Official Name Ghana Assessment Assessment Dates: From To 11th February 2011 Name of Assessor Izzeldin Abdalla Title & Position Logistics Officer Email contact [email protected] 1/72 LCA - Ghana Version 1.05 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………… ……………….. 1. Country Profile ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Introduction & Background ................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Humanitarian Background ................................................................................................ 4 1.3. National Regulatory Departments ..................................................................................... 7 1.4. Customs Information ......................................................................................................... 8 2. Logistics Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Port Assessment............................................................................................................. 13 2.2. Airport Assessment ......................................................................................................... 25 2.3. Road Assessment ........................................................................................................... 31 2.4. Railway Assessment ....................................................................................................... 38 2.5. Waterways Assessment .................................................................................................. 39 2.6. Storage Assessment ...................................................................................................... 40 2.7. Milling Assessment ......................................................................................................... 42 3. Logistics Services .................................................................................................................. 44 3.1. Fuel ................................................................................................................................ 44 3.2. Transporters ................................................................................................................... 47 3.3. Vehicle Rental ................................................................................................................ 47 3.4. Taxi Companies .............................................................................................................. 48 3.5. Freight Forwarding Agents .............................................................................................. 48 3.6. Handling Equipment ....................................................................................................... 48 3.7. Electricity & Power .......................................................................................................... 48 3.8. Manual Labour Costs ...................................................................................................... 50 3.9. Telecommunications ....................................................................................................... 50 3.10. Local Supplies Market .................................................................................................... 52 3.11. Accommodation .............................................................................................................. 54 4. Scenarios & Contingencies .................................................................................................... 56 4.1. Scenario #1: Refugees and IDPs .................................................................................... 56 4.2. Scenario #2: Food Security ............................................................................................. 57 4.3. Scenario #3: Natural Disasters ....................................................................................... 58 5. Annexes................................................................................................................................. 60 5.1. List of Contacts ............................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Relevant Websites ............................................................................................................. 66 5.3 Maps .................................................................................................................................. 67 2/72 LCA - Ghana Version 1.05 1. Country Profile • Ghana was formed by merging the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory. • An independence movement began to take shape and in 1949, political leader Kwame Nkrumah brought the country to a halt when he called a national strike. The British responded by imprisoning him for two years and in 1957 the country gained independence. • In 1960, Ghana became a republic and Nkrumah was elected as president. He promoted socialist policies but became increasingly authoritarian, detaining people without trial and screening the press. He outlawed all parties and put in place economic policies that put the country in massive debt. What followed was a period of military takeovers as one leader after another allowed corruption to run rampant and failed to make good on promises for economic recovery. • In 1979, air force lieutenant Jerry Rawlings staged a brutal coup and in an attempt to root out corruption, staged public executions of senior military officials. He introduced a new constitution and handed power to an elected president but within 2 years he overthrew the government and took charge. • He introduced conservative economic policies, decentralised the government and continued to target corruption. He has been accused of committing human rights abuses during this period. • Under international pressure, Rawlings ushered in Ghana’s Fourth Republic, which provided for multi- party elections. Rawlings won the first vote in 1993. He stayed in power until 2000, winning second elections in 1996. • During this period, Ghana experienced ethnic clashes in the north of the country between the Konkomba and Nanumba tribes over land ownership. 1,000 people were killed and a further 150,000 displaced. • Opposition leader John Kufuor won the 2000 elections and again in 2004. While in office, Kufuor established the National Reconciliation Commission to bring to light human rights abuses committed under previous governments and provide reparations to victims. He has also liberalised media laws and economic policies. • Opposition leader John Atta Mills won the 2008 elections and is currently the president of the country. 1.1. Introduction & Background Basic Facts Capital Accra (pop: 3,963,294) Language English (official), Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga There are more than 50 ethnic groups and an equal number of languages and Ethnic groups dialects: Akan 41.6%, Mossi 23%, Ewe 10%, Ga-Adangme 7.2%, Gurma 3.4%, Nzima 1.8%, Yoruba 1.6%, other 11.4% Religions Christian 55%, indigenous beliefs 25%, Muslim 20% Border countries Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Togo Exports Cocoa, Timber ,Gold, manganese, bauxite and Diamonds. Imports Capital equipment, petroleum & foodstuffs. Cocoa, yams, plantains, rice, sorghum, palm oil, coffee, cassava (tapioca), Agricultural products peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas, timber Population By Gender Male 48.7% 11,801,661 Female 51.3% 12,421,770 Total 100% 24,223,431 General Information Country Size (km²) 239,460 km² - slightly smaller than the United Kingdom Population 24,223,431 Population Growth Rate (%) 1.9% GDP per capita (US$) US$2,240 Population under poverty line (%) 39.5% HIV prevalence (%) 1.9% Literacy rate Men 66%, Women 50% 3/72 LCA - Ghana Version 1.05 Time Zone (GMT +/-) GMT +0 The climate is tropical, with a maximum annual average temperature between 38°C (100°F) in the extreme north and 32°C (90.1°F) near the coast. The minimum annual average temperature, which occurs in August, Climate Description is 21.7°C (71.1°F) along the coast to 18.8°C (65.8°F) in December in the north. There are two rainy seasons between March and July, and September to November. In the North there is only one rainy season from April to the end of October, with its peak in August. Currency & Three letter code Ghana Cedi = GHC Telephone Dialing Code +233 Driving (Left or Right) Right Entry Visas must be obtained prior to arrival in Ghana and may be obtained from a Ghana Embassy, High Commission or Consulate abroad. Entry Visa for US $100 may be issued on arrival if the Director of Visa Requirements & Cost Immigration has prior notification from travellers or their sponsors Citizens Of Ecowas Countries, Nationals of Kenya, Malaysia and Singapore, holders of German and Cuban Diplomatic/Service Passports and persons in direct airside transit do not require an entry visa for Ghana. Money Parity and Inflation Exchange Rate Year Rate of Inflation US$ = Local Currency 2007 (Average) 0.9334* 10.72% 2008 (Average) 1.04 16.46% 2009 (Average) 1.39 19.30% 2010 (Average) 1.42 10.79% • In August 2007 the Old Cedi was replaced with the New Cedi (10,000 Old Cedi = 1 New Cedi) 1.2. Humanitarian Background 1.2.1. Disasters, Conflicts & Migration History Disasters, Conflicts & Migration Natural Disasters Comments / Details
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