Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

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Term Definition A-287 Cryptonym for Josef Stigler. Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN). Stanislaw Stankiewicz was a member of ABN the ABN Central Committee. AECAMBISTA-4, CAMBISTA-4 (cryptonyms). Associated with AEQUOR and AEDEPOT/AEREADY Projects. See also AMCOMLIB, BNR, CHAURUS, Abramtchik, Mikola SONR. ACEN Assembly of Captive European Nations (ACEN). ACKERMAN Gehlen Organization alias for Ebrulf Zuber. ACROBAT Cryptonym for Yury Lopatinsky. Adenauer, Konrad UPTHRUST (cryptonym). AEABYSS Project involved information collected on Salzgitter Industriebau AEABYSS GmbH. Walter Mehnert associated with Project. AEABYSS-1 Cryptonym for Walter Mehnert. AEACRE (1952-64) established a mechanism for the planning and conduct of REDSOX operations via a Domestic Operations Base (DOB) used for the interrogation, assessment, training, briefing, and preparation for dispatch of agents for infiltration into the USSR. Aleks Kurgvel, Tscherim Soobzokov AEACRE associated with Project. AEASTER was a program in near east areas to spot, recruit, and train Circassians and other Russian emigres and send them back into the USSR. AEASTER Tscherim Soobzokov associated with Project. AEBALCONY (1960-62) was designed to use U.S. citizens with Baltic language fluency in "mounted" and "piggy-back" legal traveler operations into Soviet- occupied Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Jouzas Brazaitis, Vilis Hazners, AEBALCONY Edgars Laipenieks associated with Project.

AEDOGMA / AEBATH (1947-61), which supported the activities of the Principal Agent (PA), Michael Korzhan, was designed to produce CI/CE information on two Ukrainian nationalist groups in Germany; positive intelligence on other Ukrainian groups in Germany and Western Europe; information on Soviet penetration of Orthodox churches; and miscellaneous CE and other support activities beginning in 1947. In 1959, the PA was transferred to Paris to report on the efforts of the Soviet Services in emigre circles; and to act as a spotter in Soviet emigre circles for REDSKIN opportunities. The PA was not very AEBATH productive in Paris and the project was terminated in 1961. AEBATH-1 Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan.

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QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE) (1970-91) superceded Project AERODYNAMIC and supported the Ukrainian émigré organization ZP / UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council) with a New York publishing arm called Prolog Research Corporation (QRTENURE, AETENURE) and a Munich Office, Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies (QRTERRACE, AETERRACE), publisher of the monthly journal Suchasnist. CIA terminated QRPLUMB after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991 and provided funds to enable Prolog to transition to a privately-funded company. In 1992, Prolog's monthly Ukrainian journal Suchasnist (Contemporary Times) was successfully transitioned to a publishing company in Kiev, Ukraine and thereafter was published as a collaborative effort between Prolog and a Ukrainian group in Kiev. Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with AEBEEHIVE Project. AEBLOSSOM provided training for selected projects dealing with Latvia. AEBLOSSOM Rudolf Kocins, Juris Spade considered for possible use on Project. AEBOLSTER-1 Cryptonym for Michael Rudko. AECADILT-10 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Gruenwaldt. AECAMBARO-1 Cryptonym for Freds Launags. AECAMBARO-2 Cryptonym for Arturs Brombergs. Cryptonym for the Byelorussian National Council (BNR). Mikola Abramtchik in AECAMBISTA-1 Paris was the head of the BNR. AECAMBISTA-16 Cryptonym for Vitaut Tumash. AECAMBISTA-17 Cryptonym for Stanislaw Stankiewicz. AECAMBISTA-2 Cryptonym for Major Boris Ragula. AECAMBISTA-4 Cryptonym for Mikola Abramtchik. AECAMUSO-2 Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. AECANOE-3 Cryptonym for Vilis Janums. AECAPELIN-1 Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. AECAPELIN-2 Cryptonym for Volodymyr Bohdan Slymakovsky. AECARRERA (1953-58) exploited REDCAP opportunities (collection of information on Soviets stationed abroad) arising out of the propaganda distributed by AEVIRGIL and collected positive intelligence through debriefings of East German nationals visiting the AECARRERA office in Berlin in response to AEVIRGIL materials ballooned into East Germany. Wilhelm Gruenwaldt AECARRERA associated with Project.

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Term Definition AECASSOWARY-2 Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. AECASSOWARY-27 Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. AECASSOWARY-3 Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. AECASSOWARY-6 Cryptonym for Yaroslav Fedyk. Cryptonym for either Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) or Foreign AECAVATINA Section of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Zch/OUN). AECAVATINA-1 Cryptonym for Stefan Bandera. AECAVATINA-12 Cryptonym for Ivan Kashuba. AECAVATINA-2 Cryptonym for Yaroslav Stetsko. AECAVATINA-5 Cryptonym for Bodhan Pidhainy. Cryptonym for the Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists AECAVATINA-6 (OUN-B).

AECOB, approved in 1950, was a vehicle for foreign intelligence (FI) operations into and within Soviet Latvia and involved infiltration and exfiltration of black agents and the recruitment of legally resident agents in the USSR, especially Latvia. ZRLYNCH was approved in 1950 for use of the Latvian Resistance Movement, which had been formed in 1944, as a vehicle for clandestine activities within the USSR. ZRLYNCH was renewed in 1952 as a part of AECOB, which then provided both FI and political and psychological (PP) activities. AECOB / ZRLYNCH PP project was terminated in 1955. AECOB FI project was terminated in 1959. Roberts Ancans, Andrejs Apsits, Nikolajs Balodis, Arturs Brombergs, Freds Launags, Edvins Ozolins, Janis Ozolins, Janis Presnikovs, Alfreds Riekstins, Peteris Rungis, ILmars Rupners, Arturs Stankevics, Vidvuds Sveics, Voldis Viksna associated with Project. Janis AECOB Ozols considered for possible use on Project. AECOB-1 Cryptonym for Voldis Viksna. AECOB-10 Cryptonym for Andrejs Apsits. AECOB-3 Cryptonym for Arturs Stankevics. AECOB-4 Cryptonym for ILmars Rupners. AECOB-5 Cryptonym for Peteris Rungis. AECOB-6 Cryptonym for Janis Presnikovs. AECOB-7 Cryptonym for Vidvuds Sveics. AECOB-8 Cryptonym for Janis Ozolins.

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Term Definition AECONFIDE-1 Cryptonym for Walther Block. AECORSAIR-3 Cryptonym for Ignatz Apyrubis. Program to establish and maintain a communications channel via open mailing AECUPBOARD of packages to the USSR. AEDEPOT (formerly AEREADY) (1957-65) was designed to provide a trained "Hot War" cadre of agents who could be used during a period of heightened tensions/increased alert or during actual hostilities against the Soviet Union. Mikola Abramtchik, Constantine Mierlak, Tscherim Soobzokov associated with AEDEPOT Project.

AEDOGMA / AEBATH (1947-61), which supported the activities of the Principal Agent (PA), Michael Korzhan, was designed to produce CI/CE information on two Ukrainian nationalist groups in Germany; positive intelligence on other Ukrainian groups in Germany and Western Europe; information on Soviet penetration of Orthodox churches; and miscellaneous CE and other support activities beginning in 1947. In 1959, the PA was transferred to Paris to report on the efforts of the Soviet Services in emigre circles; and to act as a spotter in Soviet emigre circles for REDSKIN opportunities. The PA was not very AEDOGMA productive in Paris and the project was terminated in 1961. AEDOGMA-1 Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan.

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AEGEAN (formerly CAPSTAN) provided FI (foreign intelligence) from the Baltic States and USSR using support bases developed in the Lithuanian SSR as AEGEAN transit points. AEGEAN/CAPSTAN work continued under Project AECHAMP.

AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet émigré organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as long- term hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for AEGIDEON propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. AEGLOBE Soviet Merchant Marine personnel. AEGRIP Soviet Military Intelligence Directorate. AEHAWKEYE-1 Cryptonym for Freds Launags. AEISSUE-1 Cryptonym for Heinrich Bandholz. AEJAMMER provided translations and exploitation of Soviet mail intercept AEJAMMER programs. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. AEJAMMER-8 Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel. AEJETSET Cryptonym for Erik Heine vs Yuri Raus lawsuit in Baltimore. AEKICK Soviet Committee for State Security, KGB. AEKILO-2 Cryptonym for Vilis Hazners. AELADLE Anatoliy Golitsyn, Soviet defector and former KGB officer. AELICTOR-1 Cryptonym for Ignatz Apyrubis. AELUNG Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel.

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Term Definition AEMANNER (1955-58) was an operation to collect intelligence on the Lithuanian SSR by spotting, recruiting, and training Lithuanians who planned to return to Lithuania; spotting, recruiting, and training Lithuanian merchant seamen who would be on vessels calling at Lithuanian SSR ports; exploiting existing postal channels between Lithuanian SSR and the West; and interrogating persons coming out of the Lithuanian SSR. Ignatz Apyrubis and AEMANNER Alexandras Lileikis associated with Project. AEMANNER-23 Cryptonym for Ignatz Apyrubis. AEMANNER-7 Cryptonym for Alexandras Lileikis.

AEMARSH (1953-59) involved collecting foreign intelligence on the Soviet regime in Latvia through sources residing in the Latvian SSR, legal travelers, and all possible legal means. The Institute for Latvian Culture (AEMINX) was established as a cover facility engaged in the preservation and development of Latvian national culture, collection of information on Latvian national life, and the safeguarding and preserving of physical, spiritual, and moral conditions of Latvians who were separated from their homeland. Alfreds Berzins, Aleksandrs Burmeisters, Janis Cirulis, Vilis Hazners, Peteris Janelsins, Freds Launags, AEMARSH Herberts Zagars associated with Project. AEMARSH-1 Cryptonym for Herberts Zagars. AEMARSH-14 Cryptonym for Alfreds Berzins. AEMARSH-15 Cryptonym for Peteris Janelsins. Cryptonym for the Institute for Latvian Culture that was established as a cover AEMINX facility under Project AEMARSH. BND/CIA joint operations against Karlshorst, the Soviet compound in East AENIDUS Berlin.

AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet émigré organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as long- term hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for AENOBLE propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. AEPAYOFF Information collected on the Soviet Trade Mission in Bonn, Germany. AEPIONEER provided personnel to do translations. Aleks Kurgvel associated AEPIONEER with Project. AEPIONEER-6 Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel. AEPLIMSOLL Shipyards at Kiel, Germany.

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AEFREEMAN (1953-64), which included AEBASIN/AEROOT (1953-60), AEFLAG (1955-62), and AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (1949-59)), was designed to strengthen resistance to communism and harrass the Soviet regime in the Baltic countries. AEBASIN/AEROOT supported Estonian emigres and émigré activities aganist the Estonian SSR. AEFLAG was aimed at people of the Latvian SSR. AEPOLE (formerly AECHAMP (formerly BGLAPIN)) targeted the Lithuanian SSR. These projects provided intelligence and operational data from Baltic countries through radio broadcasts, mailing operations, liaison with emigre organizations, political and psychological (PP) briefings for legal travelers and exploitation of other media such as demonstrations. Aleks Kurgvel, Elmar Lipping, Romulus Mandel associated with AEBASIN/AEROOT Project. Vilis Hazners associated with AEFLAG Project. Antanas Bernotas, Jouzas Brazaitis, Stasys Rastikis associated with AEPOLE Project. Alexandras Lileikis associated with AECHAMP Project. AEPOLE ILgvars Skaistlauks considered for possible use on AECHAMP Project. AEPOLE-1 organization Lithuanian émigré organization in West Germany. AEPOLE-5 Cryptonym for Stasys Rastikis. AEPOLE-8 Cryptonym for Jouzas Brazaitis. AEPRIMER's (1957-59) objective was to establish long-term, durable assets illegally infiltrated into the Byelorussian SSR. Candidates for these assets were to be recommended by the Byelorussian National Council (BNR). However, AEQUOR/FI had similar objectives and was terminated in 1956 when information about AEQUOR Team 2 in Byelorussia surfaced in Pravda. In addition, AEQUOR's relationship with the BNR was terminated for security reasons. AEPRIMER's association with the BNR was limited to its President (Mikola Abramtchik) and his representative (Francis Kushel) in New York. AEPRIMER was terminated in 1959. Constantine Mierlak associated with AEPRIMER Project. AEPRIMER-1 Cryptonym for Constantine Mierlak.

AEQUOR Project (1951-62) involved operations into Byelorussia through the exploitation of the Byelorussia National Council (BNR), and later evolved into primarily supporting the publication of a Byelorussian language weekly newspaper. Mikola Abramtchik, Francis Kushel, Boris Ragula, Stanislaw AEQUOR Stankiewicz, Vitaut Tumash associated with Project. See AEPRIMER. AEDEPOT (formerly AEREADY) (1957-65) was designed to provide a trained "Hot War" cadre of agents who could be used during a period of heightened tensions/increased alert or during actual hostilities against the Soviet Union. Mikola Abramtchik, Constantine Mierlak, Tscherim Soobzokov associated with AEREADY Project. AEREADY-2 Cryptonym for Constantine Mierlak. AEREALITY was the Soviet Realities Orientation Training Program. Aleks AEREALITY Kurgvel associated with Project. CARECOVER (formerly AERECOVER) was a net of Soviet military intelligence AERECOVER agents in Wiesbaden.

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AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet émigré organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as long- term hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for AESAURUS propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. AESCREEN was Russian language transcription unit. Aleks Kurgvel AESCREEN associated with Project. AESIDECAR-2 Cryptonym for Edgars Laipenieks. AETARGET provided information about Soviet audio monitoring programs. AETARGET Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. Prolog Research Corporation, the New York publishing arm of Project AETENURE QRPLUMB. Ukrainian Society for Foreign Studies, which was the Munich office of AETERRACE QRPLUMB and published the monthly journal Suchasnist. AETOMAC-1 Cryptonym for the Byelorussian Central Council (BZR/BCR). AETOMAC-2 Cryptonym for Radislaw Ostrowsky. AETOPHAT Information collected on the Soviet Embassy near Bonn, Germany. AEVAIN-14 Cryptonym for Aleksandrs Burmeisters. AEVAIN-24 Cryptonym for Janis Cirulis.

AEVIRGIL (1953-63) provided a controlled, anti-communist émigré organization for political and psychological activities against the Soviet target. The particular émigré organization, which was called the Central Association of Post-War Emigres (TsOPE) and located in Munich, produced and disseminated Russian language leaflets and a monthly magazine (Svoboda), held propaganda meetings and press conferences, and was engaged in psychological warfare AEVIRGIL against the Soviet target. Wilhelm Gruenwaldt associated with Project. AEVIRGIL-109 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Gruenwaldt. AFU Program/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's Berlin and East German AFU Program foreign intelligence staybehind observer/reporter teams. Activities associated with the Armenians during 1952-54. Drostamat Kanayan AIN associated with Project. AJAJA Cable indicator for CIA Near East Division. AKULE CIA Latin America Division. ALBERT Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. V-2600 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ANDERS (Gehlen Organization Albert, Ludwig alias). Albert, Theodor Von GRANOLITE-30 (cryptonym). ALBERTI, Dr. Ernst Gehlen Organization alias for Emil Augsburg.

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Term Definition Project ALCATRAZ involved penetration of Communist Party of Germany. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. Herbert Von Strempel, Kuno Wirsich ALCATRAZ considered for possible use by OSS/SSU/CIG on Project. ALLEYCAT-14 Cryptonym for Roberts Stiglics. ALLMANN, Heinrich Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Olbrueck. ALTHAUS, Dr. Ernst Gehlen Organization alias for Emil Augsburg.

American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB) was a part of Project QKACTIVE. Mikola Abramtchik was the representative of a coordinating committee of non-Russian organizations representing six nationalities (Ukrainians, Georgians, Azerbaijani, North Caucasians, Armenians, and Byelorussians), which was founded in Europe to represent non- Russian groups willing to associate themselves with AMCOMLIB. PBAFFIRM AMCOMLIB (cryptonym). PBCHORD (cryptonym for Munich Office of AMCOMLIB). AMIS Austrian Military Intelligence Service (AMIS). GREENSOAP (cryptonym). Amt Blank was the predecessor organization of a part of West Germany's Ministry of Defense under Theodore Blank, the first postwar Minister of Defense during the Adenauer administration. Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz Amt Blank associated with Amt Blank. Ancans, Roberts CATTURA (cryptonym). Associated with AECOB/ZRLYNCH Project. ANDERS Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Albert. Heinz SCHAUTH, Peter ANDERS, Peter KIRCHNER (Gehlen Organization Anders, Heinz aliases). ANDERS, Peter Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Anders.

AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE) (1949-70) refers to CIA support for ZP/UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), which began in 1949. CIA helped to establish in New York City the Prolog Research and Publishing Company in 1953 as ZP/UHVR's publishing and research arm. Prolog, through an affiliate in Munich, published periodicals and selected books and pamphlets which sought to exploit and increase nationalist and other dissident tendencies in the Soviet Ukraine. ZP/UHVR operational activity concentrated on propaganda and contact operations. In 1970, AERODYNAMIC was redesignated QRPLUMB. The file includes AERODYNAMIC Development and Plans (Vol. 1-8), Operations (Vol. 9-41), and Contact Reports (Vol. 42-47). Yaroslav Fedyk, Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Roman ANDROGEN Tymewycz a clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. PP-5 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his PP Net (Austrian Angerer, Johann Police and a counterintelligence network) in Austria). ANT OSS/SSU cryptonym for Klavoli Voss. ANTLER Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. ANTONOV, Rostislav Pseudonym for Sergie Shebalin. APOSTLES Couriers sent by ZPUHVR to the Ukraine beginning in 1949. Apsits, Andrejs TILBURY-1, AECOB-10 (cryptonyms). Associated with AECOB Project. AELICTOR-1, AECORSAIR-3, AEMANNER-23 (cryptonyms). Associated with Apyrubis, Ignatz Project AEMANNER. AQUATIC CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). CRABBE, SARAZEN (OSS cryptonyms). KILKENNY, CARRYALL (CIA Aradi, Zsolt cryptonyms). Malcolm W. STEVENS (pseudonym). Plan BAZAR and Project AREDIT included intelligence reporting on Near East AREDIT matters. Ugo Dadone associated with Projects.

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Term Definition V-2881 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). WERNER (Gehlen Organization Arlt, Fritz alias). The Hungarian Arrow Cross was formed in the 1930s as the leading Hungarian fascist political party, led by Ferenc Szalasi. The Arrow Cross party ruled Hungary from 15 Oct. 1944 to Jan. 1945 and, during that time, sent 80,000 Arrow Cross Jews on a death march to the Austrian border. ASCHAM, Robert A. Pseudonym for Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles. Aso. Tatsuo STBRANT-1, TLBRANT, LFSALAD (cryptonyms). V-2907 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Dr. Ernst ALBERTI, Dr. Ernst Augsburg, Emil ALTHAUS, Dr. KRAUSS (Gehlen Organization aliases). AVOCET Cryptonym for Heinz Schmalschlager. BACH, Andre Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Biederbick. BACHMANN, Helmuth Gehlen Organization alias for Reinhardt Baumert. BAER Gehlen Organization alias for Guenter Hans Bernau. BALDRIAN Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Behnke. BALLACH, George A. Alias for Tscherim Soobzokov. An anti-Communist and anti-Fascist resistance organization set up in 1939 at the time of Italy's occupation of Albania. Hasan Dosti was President of Balli Balli Kombetar Kombetar (1949-54). CAMUSO-3 (cryptonym). Boris LOVETSKY (pseudonym). Associated with Balodis, Nikolajs Project AECOB/ZRLYNCH. Baltrusch, Fritz V-2665.5 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Bandera, Stefan AECAVATINA-1, CAVATINA-1 (cryptonyms). AEISSUE-1, CATOMIC-3, CATOPHAT-1 (cryptonyms). Associated with Bandholz, Heinrich CATOPHAT Project. BAOR British Army of the Rhine. BARLEY OSS/SSU cryptonym for Ulrich Wirth. BAUER, Alfred Gehlen Organization alias for Adolf Puchta. V-9107 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Erich WOLF (Gehlen Organization Bauer, Hans alias). BAUER, Heinz Gehlen Organization alias for Joseph Schreieder. Baumert, Reinhardt Helmuth BACHMANN (Gehlen Organization alias). Plan BAZAR and Project AREDIT included intelligence reporting on Near East BAZAR matters. Ugo Dadone associated with Projects.

AETOMAC-1 (cryptonym for BZR/BCR). Byelorussian emigration was split into two organizations -- the BZR/BCR (Beloruska Zentralna Rada or Byelorussian Central Council) and the BNR (Beloruska Nationalna Rada or Byelorussian National Council or Council of the Byelorussian Peoples Republic). The BZR/BCR, which was created during the German occupation of Byelorussia and supported by the Germans, was headed by Radislaw Ostrowsky. The BNR, which included a Cadre School and a Study Group, was headed by Mikola Abramtchik in Paris and Major Boris Ragula was its Operations Chief. BCR Francis Kushel was BNR's military representative in New York. Bund Deutsche Jugend (BDJ) or League of German Youth, an organization in BDJ Project LCPROWL. KMPRUDE (cryptonym). BEAUTYSHOP Polish Government Employees in East Berlin.

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BECRIPPLE Project (1954-60) provided Polish operations run from Berlin and other Stations/Bases with support assets such as a secure safehouse on the economy; garage for a German plated vehicle; an agent/cutout for obtaining credit investigations on persons of operational interest; an agent for monitoring local Polish emigre activity; an agent for obtaining clandesting photographs of West Berlin Polish installations and other support facilities. Hellmuth Goerz, BECRIPPLE Wilhelm Ludtke associated with Project. BECRIPPLE-2 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Ludtke. BEDOX East Europe, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. BEDUFFY Polish underground organization.

CAMISE, GAMBIT (cryptonyms). FELICITAS (alias used by Beetz when she was an agent for Amt VI, RSHA, 1940-45). Hildegard Blum (SSU pseudonym). Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. Associated Beetz, Hildegard with Projects QKDEMON (fomerly EDUCATOR and UMPIRE) and ALCATRAZ. Cryptonym for Josef Urban while monitoring his peddling of fabricated BEFINAL-103 intelligence reports. BALDRIAN (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDOWN (CIA cryptonym during German investigation of Behnke as a suspect MfS or Soviet agent during 1954- 59. Behnke was also known to Heinz Felfe, a KGB penetration of Gehlen/BND Behnke, Kurt for 10 years until his arrest in 1961.) BEKING Project provided live letter drops and phone cutout facilities for Berlin BEKING Base Polish operations. Hellmuth Goerz associated with Project.

BELLADONNA involved collection of foreign intelligence on USSR and TRIDENT involved collection of counterintelligence on USSR through Ukrainian emigre activities and personalities (1946-48). Ivan Hrinioch, Michael Korzhan, BELLADONNA Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Myron Matviyeyko associated with Projects. BELVEDERE-6B Cryptonym for Otto Anton Silberberg. CONDUCTOR (cryptonym). Associated with Project SYMPHONY. Asher Ben- Ben-Nathan, Asher Nathan aka Arthur PIER. Benuzzi, Valerio DEODAR-1 (cryptonym). Berger, Friedrich Friedrich Von SARTORIUS (Rote Kapelle alias in WWII). BERGER, Hans Guenter Gehlen Organization alias for Guenter Hans Bernau. BERGER, Paul Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Hoffmann. BERGMANN, EDUARD Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Heidschuch. BERGSTROM, Professor Karl Pseudonym for Nikolai Poppe. THROWOFF-3, BLUEJAY-12 (cryptonyms). Anton POPOV (alias). Associated Berisha, Destan with Project BGFIEND. V-3399 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BAER, BRACHT, Hans Guenter Bernau, Guenter Hans BERGER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Operation BERNHARD was a German operation in WWII to counterfeit British and American money using about 140 Jewish inmates of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin. The Jewish inmates were experts in such fields as printing, binding, photography, and engraving. SS Sturmbannfuhrer BERNHARD Operation Bernhard Kruger oversaw this work. Bernotas, Antanas Associated with Project AEPOLE. Berschneider, Josef Considered for possible use on Project KMMANLY. Berthold-Bernard, Herbert JIGGER (OSS cryptonym). AEMARSH-14 (cryptonym). Robert T. GOFORTH (pseudonym). Associated Berzins, Alfreds with Project AEMARSH.

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Term Definition BESMIRCH (1953-55) was designed to provide Polish operations with communications links over the Polish-German border through the use of legal BESMIRCH travellers. Wilhelm Ludtke associated with Project. BESMIRCH-2 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Ludtke. West German Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security BfV Service. West German equivalent of the FBI. BGACTRESS CIA International Organizations Division (IOD). BGCALLUS was the cryptonym for the Institute for the Study of the USSR, which was a part of QKACTIVE (included this Institute, radio broadcasts, and other activities). Stanislaw Stankiewicz was Chairman of the Learned Council of BGCALLUS. Karl Toennies was considered for possible use on Project BGCALLUS QKACTIVE. BGCANE Regulations CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) regulations. BGCONVOY (formerly QKSTAIR) (1950-55) was the basic political and psychological (PP) and paramilitary (PM) program against Bulgaria with the objective of conducting psychological warfare (PW) operations against the Bulgarian regime and establishing in the country resistance organizations capable of PM activity of various types. BGCONVOY also provided for the development and exploitation of the Principal Agent, Ivan Docheff, who was leader of the Bulgarian National Front, and the newspaper published by the BGCONVOY group. BGENGINE Estonian National Council (ENR).

13 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition

BGSPEED Vessel for offshore propaganda missions associated with Project BGFIEND. BGWOEFUL Counterespionage in East Europe, Slovakia, Hungary. Bickler, Hermann MAIR, SCHMIDT, WINKLER (Gehlen Organization aliases). V-4985 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Andre BACH, Alfred BRENNER, Biederbick, Andreas DANIEL (Gehlen Organization aliases). Billmaier, Kurt HOPKALIT (Polish Intelligence Service cryptonym). BIOPHORE Project provided information on Argentine immigration (1954-58). BIOPHORE Jan Durcansky associated with Project. BIOPHORE-1 Cryptonym for Jan Durcansky.

BIS British Intelligence Service (BIS). JAGUAR, SMOTH, SMYOPIA (cryptonyms). TT-1 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Bitschnau, Wolfram Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). West German Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)). CADOME, BKA CAMEN (cryptonyms). BKCROWN Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). BKHERALD Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). BKTRUST Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). CATRANSIT-28, CAGENERAL-27 (cryptonyms). Associated with CATRANSIT Bleil, Richard and CAGENERAL Programs. AECONFIDE-1, CASUSTAIN-8 (cryptonyms). Associated with CASUSTAIN Block, Walther Project. BLUEJAY-12 Cryptonym for Destan Berisha. SSU pseudonym for Hildegard Beetz. Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, Blum, Hildegard divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CAFEAT, CASCOPE, CATIDE, CATRIBE, CATUSK, HBLAURITE, QAFEAT, UJDUSK, UPHILL, BND UPSWING (cryptonyms).

14 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition AECAMBISTA-1, CAMBISTA-1 (cryptonyms for BNR). Byelorussian emigration was split into two organizations -- the BZR/BCR (Beloruska Zentralna Rada or Byelorussian Central Council) and the BNR (Beloruska Nationalna Rada or Byelorussian National Council or Council of the Byelorussian Peoples Republic). The BZR/BCR, which was created during the German occupation of Byelorussia and supported by the Germans, was headed by Radislaw Ostrowsky. The BNR, which included a Cadre School and a Study Group, was headed by Mikola Abramtchik in Paris and Major Boris Ragula was its Operations Chief. Francis Kushel was BNR's military representative in New BNR York. V-6732 prior to 1950 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CC-2 1950-53 (Otto Von Bolschwing's (V-B) cryptonym for a member of his CC Net (V-B's Boehm, Anton Headquarter's staff and direct contacts) in Austria). Boehrsch, Herbert V-2713 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Bohle, Ernst Wilhelm CALABRIA (cryptonym). BOLERO refers to the group of Germans from Foreign Armies East and headed by Reinhard Gehlen immediately after the war. The BOLERO group merged with the KEYSTONE group (headed by Herman Baun) to form the BOLERO Gehlen Organization with Gehlen as Chief. Bolschwing, Otto Von GROSSBAHN, UNREST, and USAGE (cryptonyms). BORCHERS, Hermann Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sander. BORCHERT, Ernst Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Deppner. Borghese, Junio Valerio Associated with OSS Plan IVY (1944-45). BOULDER Project was a training program. Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with BOULDER Project. BRACHT Gehlen Organization alias for Guenter Hans Bernau. AEPOLE-8 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AEPOLE and Project Brazaitis, Jouzas AEBALCONY. BRENNER, Andre Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Biederbick. Bricha (Hebrew for "escape") was the organized illegal mass immigration movement of Jews from Eastern Europe across the occupied zones and into Israel after WWII. The aim was to reach the coasts, where clandestine ships arranged by the Aliyah Bet organization could transfer the DPs to Palestine. Founded by Abba Kovner and other surviving partisans of Vilna, Bricha began operations in July 1945. In 1946 as the exodus of survivors intensified, a network of way stations was established that would route the survivors through Poland and into the US-occupied Zone of Germany. The US Zone commanders and the Czech government tacitly permitted the infiltration. Soldiers from the Jewish Brigade and the underground Jewish army in Palestine administered the program and funds were provided by JDC. Bricha operatives who escorted the DPs were frequently survivors themselves. Between August 1945 and June 1946, Bricha figures showed approximately 48,000 refugees had left Poland in this way. An unknown total number of Jews reached Palestine via Bricha, but estimates range from 80,000 to 250,000. See Bricha SYMPHONY. RNPILLOW and AECAMBARO-2 (cryptonyms), Lyman M. HEMERET (pseudonym), Arturs LINDE (alias). Associated with AECOB/ZRLYNCH Brombergs, Arturs Project. RNMOOSEY, KM-64, JG-3534 (cryptonyms). Associated with LCPROWL Bross, Alarich Project. BRUCKNER, Paul Alias for Andreas Lottum. CARPETMAKER, CASTIRRUP-1 (cryptonyms when he was Liaison Contact at Brueckner, Ernst BKA).

15 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition Brunner, Alois George FISHER (alias). BURKHARDT Gehlen Organization alias for Friederich Busch. Burkhardt, Hildegard Hildegard Purwin, widowed Blum, divorced Beetz, nee Burkhardt. Burmeisters, Aleksandrs AEVAIN-14 (cryptonym). Associated with AEMARSH Project. V-2982 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BURKHARDT (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDRUG (CIA cryptonym when the Germans ran him as a double agent Busch, Friederich against the KGB in Fall PANOPTIKUM).

AETOMAC-1 (cryptonym for BZR/BCR). Byelorussian emigration was split into two organizations -- the BZR/BCR (Beloruska Zentralna Rada or Byelorussian Central Council) and the BNR (Beloruska Nationalna Rada or Byelorussian National Council or Council of the Byelorussian Peoples Republic). The BZR/BCR, which was created during the German occupation of Byelorussia and supported by the Germans, was headed by Radislaw Ostrowsky. The BNR, which included a Cadre School and a Study Group, was headed by Mikola Abramtchik in Paris and Major Boris Ragula was its Operations Chief. BZR Francis Kushel was BNR's military representative in New York. CABAKER West German Social Democratic Party (SPD). CABALLETA-2 Cryptonym for Sven-Gunner Treuhoff. CABANJO Cryptonym for Theo Saevecke when he was Liaison Contact at BKA.

CABATON (1956-64) provided accommodation addresses in Bonn and CABATON Frankfurt. Erich Neugebauer, Johannes Hirsemann associated with Project. CABATON-165 Cryptonym for Erich Neugebauer. CABATON-39 Cryptonym for Johannes Hirsemann. CABATON-46 Cryptonym for Georg Umpfenbach. William F. ORDWAY (pseudonym). General Charles P. Cabell was the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI) when Allen Dulles was the Director of Cabell, General Charles P. Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1953-62. CABEZONE Defector Reception Center (DRC) in Frankfurt, Germany.

16 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition

CADROIT (formerly TPEMBER) (1949-55) subsidized and guided the Investigative Committee of Free Jurists (Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ)), which developed from one person as the head of a notional committee in West Berlin to an active organization with a West Berlin Headquarters staff of 75 and about 2,000 East German covert contacts, many from the legal profession and/or East German government. The UfJ, with CIA assistance, conducted extensive propaganda campaigns in East Germany, based mainly on information from East German informants, to expose illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. An outgrowth of the UfJ-sponsored International Congress of Jurists in Berlin (1952) was the establishment of the International Commission of Jurists in The Hague, which was supported by CIA under Project QKFEARFUL. CADROIT also included CADROWN (1952-55), a paramilitary organization established in East Germany for wartime use. Helmut CADROIT Casemir associated with Project CADROIT. CADROIT-4 Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir.

CADROWN (formerly TPEMBER Apparat, CADRASTIC) (1952-55) was approved in 1952 as Amendment 3 to Project TPEMBER to establish a paramilitary resistance apparat in East Germany for escape and evasion and other staybehind resistance activities in case of war with the USSR. TPEMBER (later CADROIT) (1949-55) supported a campaign to expose and to prevent where possible, illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. This was effected CADROWN through the League of Free Jurists in East Germany. CADRUG German Mission Office of Security. CADUCITY Cryptonym for Fredrich Otto Lehmann. CAECTOMY Surveillance/investigative team in Frankfurt. CAECTOMY-18 Cryptonym for Georg Umpfenbach. Plan CAESAR was considered by the OSS as a double agent operation against the Japanese Intelligence Service in Italy (1945). Jose Garrette considered for CAESAR possible use on Project. CAFEAT Cryptonym for West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CAFIGHT involved operations against the Soviet target in the Hamburg area. CAFIGHT Hans Waldemar Seebode associated with Project. CAFIGHT-2 Cryptonym for Hans Waldemar Seebode. Cryptonym for Gerhard Von Schwerin, who was Konrad Adenauer's military CAFILA advisor. CAGENERAL (1958-67) provided accommodation address custodians for Munich Operations Base clandestine operations. Richard Bleil assoiated with CAGENERAL Program.

17 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition CAGENERAL-27 Cryptonym for Richard Bleil. CAGER Cable indicator for German Station. CAHECTIC-4 Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir. CAHELM involved operations to penetrate the German Communist China Friendship Society and other extremist groups. Hans Waldemar Seebode CAHELM associated with Project. CAHELM-1 Cryptonym for Hans Waldemar Seebode. CAHESSITE West German Defense Ministry. CAINFER-1 Cryptonym for Werner Goettsch. CAISSON-10 Cryptonym for Erwin Regen. CAISSON-19 Cryptonym for Carl Heinz Mueller. Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU), or Fighting Group against CAJERSEY Inhumanity. See DTLINEN. CALABEL-1 Cryptonym for Gustav Hilger CALABRIA Cryptonym for Ernst Wilhelm Bohle. CALAMITOUS-1 Cryptonym for Franciszek Drzewiecki. CA-LAND was joint Swedish/SSU boat operation into Latvia. Edvins Ozolins CA-LAND associated with Project. CALESA-1 Cryptonym for Kurt Reichert. CALL Cable indicator for West German foreign intelligence. CALLENDER, Kenneth H. Pseudonym for James McCargar. Mail and telephone intercept program established by US Army in Germany after CALLIKAK WWII. CAMBARO-1 Cryptonym for Freds Launags. Project CAMBIO (Mar.-Nov. 1951) provided information on operating procedures, personnel, daily movement of trucks and trains from particular locations in Soviet Zone of Germany. Horst Paul Vettermann associated with CAMBIO Project. CAMBIO-0 Cryptonym for Horst Paul Vettermann. Cryptonym for the Byelorussian National Council (BNR). Mikola Abramtchik in CAMBISTA-1 Paris was the head of the BNR. CAMBISTA-10 Cryptonym for Francis Kushel. CAMBISTA-16 Cryptonym for Vitaut Tumash. CAMBISTA-17 Cryptonym for Stanislaw Stankiewicz. CAMBISTA-2 Cryptonym for Major Boris Ragula. CAMBISTA-4 Cryptonym for Mikola Abramtchik. CAMEL OSS/SSU cryptonym for George Srb. CAMEN West German Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)). CAMEO OSS/SSU cryptonym for Murat Ferid. CAMERA OSS/SSU cryptonym for Fritz Schwend. CAMISADE (formerly FORD) are OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms for Joachim CAMISADE Weinert. CAMISE Cryptonym for Hildegard Beetz. CAMISOLE OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym for Victor Larionoff. CAMLET-1 Cryptonym for Arno Scholz. Cable indicator for operations and support activities in Munich not related to the CAMOG BND. CAMOMILE OSS/SSU cryptonym for Kuno Wirsich. CAMPHOR Cryptonym for Leonid Tschoudnowsky.

US Army Counterintelligence Corps operation (1949-53) to identify individuals CAMPUS with Nazi backgrounds in the emerging West German Government. CAMUSO-1 Cryptonym for Alfreds Riekstins.

18 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition CAMUSO-2 Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. CAMUSO-3 Cryptonym for Nikolajs Balodis. CAMY CIA Office of Policy Coordination/German Desk. CANAKIN OSS/SSU/CIG/CIA cryptonym for Georg Gerebkov. CANCAN OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym for Heinz Karl Krull. CANDIDA Cryptonym for Heinz Schmalschlager. CANNABIN OSS/SSU cryptonym for Ulrich Wirth. CANNONADE OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georg Meyer. CANUCK Cryptonym for Sergie Froehlich. CANZONET Cryptonym for George Spitz. CAPANEUS Cryptonym (late 1940s) for Myron Matviyeyko. CAPARISON Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. CASTONE/CAPEDAL involved surveillance and investigations supporting CAPEDAL Munich Base. Eduard Fischer associated with Project. CAPEDAL-1 Cryptonym for Eduard Fischer. CAPEDAL-3 Cryptonym for Josef Flachslander. CAPELIN-1 Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. CAPELIN-2 Cryptonym for Volodymyr Bohdan Slymakovsky. OSS/SSU cryptonym for Guenther Wischmann when he was an agent of Fritz CAPELLA Schwend.

Cryptonym for Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz, who was associated with Amt Blank, CAPOTE the predecessor organization of part of West Germany's Ministry of Defense. CAPRAIRIE Team Surveillance team. CAPRIFORM Cryptonym for Gerhard Von Mende.

AEGEAN (formerly CAPSTAN) provided FI (foreign intelligence) from the Baltic States and USSR using support bases developed in the Lithuanian SSR as CAPSTAN transit points. AEGEAN/CAPSTAN work continued under Project AECHAMP. CAPSULA Fried. Krupp A.G. CAPSULA-1 Cryptonym for Alfred Krupp Von Bohlen und Halbach. CARAVEL Cryptonym for Paul Dickopf. CARBODYDRATE Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir.

19 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition CARECOVER (formerly AERECOVER) was a net of Soviet military intelligence CARECOVER agents in Wiesbaden. CARETINA Cryptonym for Heinz Pannwitz. CARETIRE-2 Cryptonym for Hans Czech. CARLSON, Mr. W. Alias for Aleks Kurgvel. CAROAST-3 Cryptonym for Josef Flachslander. CARPETMAKER Cryptonym for Ernst Brueckner as Liaison Contact at BKA. CARRIAGE Polygraph test. CARRYALL Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. Carstenn, Friedrich JG-7091 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat Project. CART Cable Indicator for counterespionage investigation reports.

AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE) (1949-70) refers to CIA support for ZP/UHVR (Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), which began in 1949. CIA helped to establish in New York City the Prolog Research and Publishing Company in 1953 as ZP/UHVR's publishing and research arm. Prolog, through an affiliate in Munich, published periodicals and selected books and pamphlets which sought to exploit and increase nationalist and other dissident tendencies in the Soviet Ukraine. ZP/UHVR operational activity concentrated on propaganda and contact operations. In 1970, AERODYNAMIC was redesignated QRPLUMB. The file includes AERODYNAMIC Development and Plans (Vol. 1-8), Operations (Vol. 9-41), and Contact Reports (Vol. 42-47). Yaroslav Fedyk, Ivan Hrinioch, Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Lyubomir Ortinskiy associated with Project. Roman CARTEL Tymewycz a clerical employee in Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. CARTEL-1 Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. CARTEL-2 Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. CARTEL-3 Cryptonym for Yury Lopatinsky. CARTEL-6 Cryptonym for Yaroslav Fedyk. CARVER West German Foreign Office. CASCOPE Cryptonym for West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CADROIT-4, CAHECTIC-4, CARBOHYDRATE, LINCOLN (cryptonyms). Casemir, Helmut Associated with Project CADROIT. CASNIDE was Gehlen Organization program (1955) to develop escape and evasion capabilities in West Germany in support of US European Command CASNIDE requirements. CASPHERE Cryptonym for Ludwig Erhard during 1963-66. Cryptonym for Ukrainian émigré organization, ZP/UHVR, Foreign CASSOWARY-1 Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council. CASSOWARY-2 Cryptonym for Mykola Lebed. CASSOWARY-27 Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. CASSOWARY-3 Cryptonym for Ivan Hrinioch. CASSOWARY-6 Cryptonym for Yaroslav Fedyk. CASTABIA Refugee debriefing program. Security Group of the West German Federal Criminal Police CASTIRRUP (Bundeskriminalamt). CASTIRRUP-1 Cryptonym for Ernst Brueckner as Liaison Contact at BKA.

CASTONE/CAPEDAL involved surveillance and investigations supporting CASTONE Munich Base. Eduard Fischer, Josef Flachslander associated with Project. CASTONE-16 Cryptonym for Josef Flachslander. CASTONE-4 Cryptonym for Eduard Fischer.

20 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition CASUSTAIN involved operations against the Soviet target in Northern Germany. Walther Block, Inge Marie Gehrich, Hans Waldemar Seebode CASUSTAIN associated with Project. CASUSTAIN-15 Cryptonym for Inge Marie Gehrich. CASUSTAIN-5 Cryptonym for Hans Waldemar Seebode. CASUSTAIN-8 Cryptonym for Walther Block. CATADPOLE Project involved surveillance and investigative activities in CATADPOLE Frankfurt area. Heinz Till considered for possible use on Project. CATADPOLE-1 Cryptonym for Georg Umpfenbach. CATARATA Cryptonym for Sergie Shebalin. CATARSI Cable indicator for Berlin Base operational support. CATIDE West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CATOMIC (1970-74) superceded CATOPHAT and included access agent operations against the Soviet Embassy near Bonn and the Soviet Trade Mission near Cologne as well as operations to recruit or insert assets in West German companies which deal with the Soviet Union and Communist China. CATOMIC Heinrich Bandholz associated with Project. CATOMIC-3 Cryptonym for Heinrich Bandholz. CATOPHAT operation (1967-70) used an access agent directed against the Soviet Embassy near Bonn, West Germany and the Soviet Trade Mission near Cologne, West Germany. CATOPHAT was superceded by CATOMIC. CATOPHAT Heinrich Bandholz associated with Project. CATOPHAT-1 Cryptonym for Heinrich Bandholz.

CATRANSIT (1964-69) was launched by Berlin Operations Base (BOB) and provided for the development and maintenance of a courier pool that would sustain secure communication with agents residing in East Berlin and/or East Germany. This progam was necessary because BOB's communications with most of its agents in East Berlin were severed when the Berlin Wall was CATRANSIT erected in Aug. 1961. Richard Bleil associated with Program. CATRANSIT-28 Cryptonym for Richard Bleil. CATRIBE West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CATROJANHORSE Soviet Consulate in Hamburg. CATTURA Cryptonym for Roberts Ancans. CATUSK West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). CAUSA-1 Cryptonym for Hans Globke. CAUTERY Project involved debriefing refugees for intelligence leads concerning likely defectors. Johann Dosse, Werner Franz Glasenapp, Heinrich Kutzler, Hans Lobbes, Andreas Lottum, Wilhelm Ludtke, Elfina Mellenthin, Walter Mellenthin, Theo Saevecke, Horst Paul Vettermann associated with CAUTERY Project. CAUTERY-1 Cryptonym for Hans Lobbes. CAUTERY-10 Cryptonym for Elfina Mellenthin. CAUTERY-16 Cryptonym for Horst Paul Vettermann. CAUTERY-18 Cryptonym for Heinrich Kutzler. CAUTERY-2 Cryptonym for Theo Saevecke. CAUTERY-3 Cryptonym for Walter Mellenthin. CAUTERY-4 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Ludtke. CAUTERY-5 Cryptonym for Werner Franz Glasenapp. CAUTERY-6 Cryptonym for Johann Dosse. CAUTERY-8 Cryptonym for Andreas Lottum. LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (Office for the Protection of the CAVATA Constitution, Internal Security Service).

21 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition CAVATA-16 Cryptonym for Hubert Schruebbers. CAVATA-17 Cryptonym for Erich Wenger as Liaison Contact at BfV. Cryptonym for either Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) or Foreign CAVATINA Section of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Zch/OUN). CAVATINA-1 Cryptonym for Stefan Bandera. CAVATINA-12 Cryptonym for Ivan Kashuba. CAVATINA-2 Cryptonym for Yaroslav Stetsko. CAVATINA-5 Cryptonym for Bodhan Pidhainy. Cryptonym for the Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists CAVATINA-6 (OUN-B). Interrogations of German prisoners of war (POWs) returning from the Soviet CAVERVE Union. CAVIRIL LfV Bavaria. CAVOICE Audio operation. CAWASH West German Government Ministry of German Affairs. LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (Office for the Protection of the CAWHISPER Constitution, Internal Security Service). CAWHISPER-16 Cryptonym for Hubert Schruebbers. LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (Office for the Protection of the CAZAMIA Constitution, Internal Security Service). Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Josef Hermann Wirth as a member of his CC-12 CC Net in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Wolfgang Von Pfaundler as a member of CC-13 his CC Net in Austria. CC-2, during 1950-53, was Otto Von Bolschwing's (V-B) cryptonym for Anton Boehm as a member of his CC Net (V-B's Headquarter's staff and direct CC-2 contacts) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Inge Von Der Tann as a member of his CC-3 CC Net in Austria. CE Counterespionage. CENIS Cambridge Center for International Studies. OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian émigré group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with CHARITY Project.

CHAURUS Byelorussian Liberation Union in Paris that was headed by Mikola Abramtchik. Chikolov, Alexander CLAM (OSS/SSU cryptonym). CHURGIN, Raymond S. Pseudonym for Freds Launags. CI Counterintelligence. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). BKCROWN, BKHERALD, BKTRUST, DYCLAIM, JKLANCE, KUBARK, NWBOLTON, PNEXCEL, PNINFINITE, PNJEWEL, PNPEAK, PNRADIUS, PNREADY, PNVALUE, PNWORLD, RTACTION, RVROCK, TQHIGHROAD, WOFACT, WOFIRM, ZACABAL (cryptonyms). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 CIA Sep. 1947. CIA Contact Division KUJUMP (cryptonym). CIA Counterintelligence Center KUDESK, KUWRAP, WOMUSE (cryptonyms). CIA DCI CIA Director of Central Intelligence (DCI).

22 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition CIA DDCI CIA Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI).

CIA DDI CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). KUCHAP, WOROMP (cryptonyms). CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). DYCLAW, KUDOVE, SVMACE, CIA DDO WOMACE (cryptonyms). CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T). KUBASS, WOYARD CIA DS&T (cryptonyms). CIA Directorate of Intelligence PNORACLE (cryptonym). CIA East Asia Division KOBIRD (cryptonym). CIA Europe Division KEYWAY (cryptonym). CIA Europe Division agent training TOEXCEL (cryptonym). CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff WOLENS (cryptonym). CIA International Activities Division WOLIME (cryptonym). CIA International Organizations Division BGACTRESS (cryptonym). CIA Latin America Division AKULE (cryptonym). CIA Office of Central Reference (OCR) WOECRU (cryptonym). CIA Office of General Counsel (OGC) LCDATA (cryptonym). CIA Office of National Estimates (ONE) KUJAZZ, WOHORN (cryptonyms). BGCANE, BGRHYTHM, DYCLAVIER, DYCLIP, DYCLUCK, FJCAPE, CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) KNOBBY, VLKIVA, ZACACTUS (cryptonyms). CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA) KUMONK, WOGEAR (cryptonym). CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) KUKNOB, WOLOBE, ZACALICO (cryptonyms). CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). DYCLEAN, DYCLEMATIS, OGIVE, ZACABIN (cryptonyms). CIA OSO Technical Guidance DYCLAMOR (cryptonym) CIA Soviet Division REDBLOCK, REDCOAT, REDLEG, REDTOP (cryptonyms). CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). AQUATIC, DYCLOTH, KUCITY, CIA TSD KURIOT, MKNOVA, MKTOPAZ, WOACRE, WOLOCK (cryptonyms). US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC or CIC). BGHABIT, CIC DYMACULE, LNWILT, ODOPAL (cryptonyms).

Plan CIRCLE (1946-48) was a US Army CIC operation that recruited Sergio Mainetto to penetrate ONARMO (Opera Nazionale Assistionza Religiosa Morale Operai), an organization in Rome that sponsored illegal immigration to Spain and South America. The Rome Office of the International Red Cross was staffed with a large number of German sympathizers who were facilitating the immmigration of Germans to South America. ONARMO also appeared to have the blessing of the Vatican. CIA was given access to the information CIRCLE obtained from this operation. Cirulis, Janis AEVAIN-24 (cryptonym). Associated with AEMARSH Project. CKPOLAR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). CLAM OSS/SSU cryptonym for Alexander Chikolov. JG-9633, RNSPLUNT (cryptonyms). Associated with QKSNITCH (Gesellschaft Classen, Wilhelm fuer Wehrkunde (GfW)) under Project KMMANLY. CLAYTON, Mr. A. Alias for Aleks Kurgvel. V-2665 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans CRAMER, HOFFMAN Clemens, Hans (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDRUM (cryptonym). CLIP OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georg Meyer.

23 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition Code 307/7 SSU cryptonym for Ivan Docheff.

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. Coordinator of Information (COI) 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 Sep. 1947. CRABBE OSS Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. CRAMER, Hans Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Clemens. CRASKE, Merritt C. Alias for Helmut Vogt. British Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects. Used by CROWCASS Allies after WWII to identify suspect war criminals. Cube, Leonid Von CADENTINE-4 (cryptonym). Associated with CADENTINE Project. EE-2 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his EE Net (Catholic Cuttsem, Marcel Van Church Connections) in Austria). Czech, Hans CARETIRE-2 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the BKA). DESDEMONA, LACERATOR, JK-78 (cryptonyms). Associated with Plan Dadone, Ugo BAZAR and Project AREDIT. DANIEL Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Biederbick.

Daugavas Vanagi Latvian Veterans Organization. Vilis Hazners was leader of this organization. DCI CIA Director of Central Intelligence DDCI CIA Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. Debrassine, Heinz JG-7300 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat. DECADEL Cryptonym for Xhaver Deva. DEHNE, Manfred Peter Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Dorn. DEICHMAN, Josef Gehlen Organization alias for Josef Didinger. DELIA SSU cryptonym for Ivan Docheff. DENKER OSS/SSU cryptonym for Paul Dickopf. DEODAR-1 Cryptonym for Valerio Benuzzi. V-616 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ernst BORCHERT, Egon DIETRICH Deppner, Erich (Gehlen Organization aliases). DEPTHLESS-4 Cryptonym for Constantine Papanace. DERNBURG, Heinz Gehlen Organization alias for Heinrich Lienhard. Deryabin, Petr Soviet defector and former KGB officer. DESDEMONA Cryptonym for Ugo Dadone. DESNEW, Kenneth W. Pseudonym for Tscherim Soobzokov. Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ), under Project KMMANLY, was the German Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ) Soldiers Newspaper. HTFULFIL, QKNAGNAG (cryptonyms). DECADEL (cryptonym). Associated with Projects OBLONG/OBDURATE, Deva, Xhaver ZRNAUNTLE. DEVILFISH OSS cryptonym for Sergio Mainetto. DGB West German Federation of Trade Unions. DIA Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). LNSHOE (cryptonym). Dickopf, Paul CARAVEL (cryptonym). DENKER, HATHOR (OSS/SSU cryptonyms).

24 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition V-13600 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Josef DEICHMAN, Josef DORER, Didinger, Josef Hans DURING (Gehlen Organization alias). DIETRICH, Egon Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Deppner.

TT-2 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). V-6628, formerly V-6606 (Gehlen Dietrich, Wilhelm Organization V-Numbers). GRALDER-1, LANDSEER-10 (cryptonyms). DILLINGER Operation Monitoring of the Urban - Lukasch "garbage" collectors. DIMITROFF, Ivan Alias for Ivan Docheff. DISTAFF-60 Cryptonym for Alfred Kurt Krueger. DIZTAG Czechoslovakia. DELIA, Code 307/7 (SSU cryptomyms). Ivan DIMITROFF (alias). GOMACE, MEMACE (CIA cryptonyms). He was Chief of Bulgarian Section of SSU Project SYBILLE (SSU), and also associated with Projects BGCONVOY, Docheff, Ivan ZRNAUNTLE. DOEHRING, Horst-Guenther Gehlen Organization alias for Alexander Dolezalek. DOKTOR Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek. V-3002 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Horst-Guenther DOEHRING Dolezalek, Alexander (Gehlen Organization alias). V-12024 (Gelhen Organization alias). Walter DRAHA, Daniel WILDORF Domes, Walter (Gehlen Organization aliases). DORER, Josef Gehlen Organization alias for Josef Didinger. V-3376 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Manfred Peter DEHNE, Fritz Dorn, Fritz TRAUBE (Gehlen Organization aliases). Dosse, Johann CAUTERY-6 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. Henry R. MALAMENT (alias). Associated with Project OBLIVIOUS. See also Dosti, Hasan Balli Kombetar, BGFIEND, NCFA, OBOPUS, Shqiperia. Draganovic, Krunoslav DYNAMO (US Army cryptonym). DRAHA, Walter Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Domes. Defector Reception Center (DRC) in Frankfurt, Germany. CABEZONE DRC (cryptonym). Drzewiecki, Franciszek CALAMITOUS-1 (cryptonym).

DTBEYOND Project provides for the rescue of individuals involved in escape DTBEYOND and evasion activities in Germany. Georg Kretzschmar associated with Project. DTCRUTCH CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO) Station at Karlsruhle. DTELDER US Army European Command (EUCOM). DTLINEN (formerly EARTHENWARE, GRAVEYARD) (1951-60) was a CIA covert propaganda, harassment, and sabotage activity subsidizing both the overt and covert the activities of the Kampgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighting Group against Inhumanity (KgU)) against East Germany. The KgU (CAJERSEY), an overt organization, sought to expose conditions in the USSR and Soviet Zone of Germany which were considered crimes against humanity. Heinrich Otto Krause associated with Project. Erich Von Sivers considered for DTLINEN possible use on Project. DTPILLAR (1951-67) refers to CIA support to The Asia Foundation, which undertook programs via private institutions in Asia to counteract the spread and appeal of communism. Karl Herczeg associated with Project. Minoru Maeda DTPILLAR considered for possible use on Project. Project DTRAPID involved police checks and investigative tasks. Sven-Gunner DTRAPID Truehoff associated with Project. DTTHICK Hamburg, West Germany.

25 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition KIBITZ-201 (cryptonym). Worked in KIBITZ-15's (Walter Kopp) net in the Dukavits, Anton KIBITZ Project. Robert A. ASCHAM (pseudonym). Allen Dulles was Director of Central Dulles, Allen Intelligence (DCI) from 1953-62. Duplitzer, Emil V-11718 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Durcansky, Jan BIOPHORE-1 (cryptonym). Associated with Project BIOPHORE. DURING, Hans Gehlen Organization alias for Josef Didinger. DYCLAIM Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). DYCLAMOR CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO) Technical Guidance. DYCLAVIER CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). DYCLAW CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). DYCLEAN CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). DYCLEMATIS CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). DYCLIMB KIBITZ staybehind program's training program. DYCLIP CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). DYCLOTH CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). DYCLUCK CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). DYCLUTCH CIA Communications Staff. DYMACACO US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). DYMACULE US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC). DYMADNESS US Department of Navy. DYMAGPIE US Army. DYMAROON US Department of State. DYNAMO US Army cryptonym for Krunoslav Draganovic. DTLINEN (formerly EARTHENWARE, GRAVEYARD) (1951-60) was a CIA covert propaganda, harassment, and sabotage activity subsidizing both the overt and covert the activities of the Kampgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighting Group against Inhumanity (KgU)) against East Germany. The KgU (CAJERSEY), an overt organization, sought to expose conditions in the USSR and Soviet Zone of Germany which were considered crimes against humanity. Heinrich Otto Krause associated with Project. Erich Von Sivers considered for EARTHENWARE possible use on Project. EARTHWORM Psychological Warfare. EBERT Gehlen Organization alias for Rolf Engel. ECKERT, Dr. Oskar Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek. EDER Alias for Josef Stigler.

QKDEMON (formerly UMPIRE, EDUCATOR) (1949-50) was a psychological warfare project and provided the production and dissemination of covert propaganda against the Soviet Union and its satellites using radio broadcasts EDUCATOR and printed material. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Hugo Montjoye-Vaufrey as a member of EE-1 his EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Marcel Van Cuttsem as a member of his EE-2 EE Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Otto Schulmeister as a member of his EE EE-4 Net (Catholic Church Connections) in Austria. ELLER Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Gustav Erdmann. Engel, Rolf EBERT (Gehlen Organization alias). ENGELHARDT, Heinz Gehlen Organization alias for Heinrich Lienhard. EQUAL British cryptonym for the Rote Kapelle. V-2665.2 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz LOHRMANN, ELLER Erdmann, Fritz Gustav (Gehlen Organization aliases).

26 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition Erhard, Ludwig CASPHERE (cryptonym) during 1963-66.

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). NVGROUP, ODENVY (cryptonyms). AECASSOWARY-6, CARTEL-6, CASSOWARY-6 (cryptonyms). Associated Fedyk, Yaroslav with Project AERODYNAMIC. V-22352 (formerly V-7038) (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Konrad Feibig, Konrad FIEDLER, Konrad FISCHER (Gehlen Organization aliases). V-8833 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz KORF, Dr. Karl WILKE (Gehlen Feist, Karl Joseph Organization aliases). FELDMAN, Igor A. Pseudonym for Alfreds Riekstins Felfe, Heinz UJDROWSY (cryptonym). FRIESEN (Gehlen Organization alias). Alias used by Hildegard Beetz when she was an agent for Amt VI, RSHA, 1940- FELICITAS 45. Fellner, Anton HH-1 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Fellner). FAMINE, CAMEO (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). V-11364 (Gehlen Organization V- Ferid, Murat Number). FI Foreign Intelligence. FIAT Field Information Agency Technical (FIAT). FIDO OSS/SSU cryptonym for Miron Pankevich. FIEDLER, Konrad Gehlen Organization alias for Konrad Fiebig FINK Gehlen Organization alias for Alois Fischer. V-2354 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner WINTERSTEIN, Fritz Finsterer, Werner WEIGAND, Fritz KAEMMER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Fischer, Alois FINK (Gehlen Organization alias). CASTONE-4, CAPEDAL-1 (cryptonyms). Associated with Fischer, Eduard CASTONE/CAPEDAL Project. FISCHER, George Alias for Alois Brunner. FISCHER, Konrad Gehlen Organization alias for Konrad Fiebig FJCAPE CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). FJDRAFT Cryptonym for Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). FJDUST Cable indicator for CIA security. Cryptonym for Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation FJGOODS Council (ZPUHVR). FJHAKI Estonia. FJLESSON North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

27 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition

Free Europe Exile Relations (FEER), a Division of the Free Europe Committee, FJMACHINE Inc. James McCargar was European Director of FEER (1955-58). FJPASTIME Cable indicator for military support flights. Foreign intelligence collection activities against the Peoples Republic of China FJPLEAD (PRC) and the Chinese communists. FJROWDY Stockholm. FJSTEAL Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). CAPEDAL-3, CASTONE-16, CAROAST-3 (cryptonyms). Associated with Flachslander, Josef Project CASTONE. V-2954 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Alfred FRIEDMANN, Hans Hermann Flegel, Arwed MIGSCH, NIETSCH (Gehlen Organization aliases). FLUSH OSS cryptonym for Fritz Schwend. FOGDOGS Air Reconnaissance Wing at Clark Field. CAMISADE (formerly FORD) are OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms for Joachim FORD Weinert. From 1942-45, Reinhard Gehlen was Chief, Fremde Heere Ost (Foreign Armies East), Hitler's intelligence group with mission to obtain all possible intelligence material dealing with military, political, or economic situation in the USSR and southeastern European countries. In April 1945 before the war ended, Hitler replaced Gehlen with Gerhard Wessel as head of this group. See Foreign Armies East Gehlen Organization. FOX/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's West German air-reception FOX teams with drop and landing zones plotted. V-14415 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). FRANKE, KRUEGER (Gehlen Frank, Friedrich Organization alias). FRANKE Gehlen Organization alias for Friedrich Frank. FRANKE, Hans Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sander. From 1942-45, Reinhard Gehlen was Chief, Fremde Heere Ost (Foreign Armies East), Hitler's intelligence group with mission to obtain all possible intelligence material dealing with military, political, or economic situation in the USSR and southeastern European countries. In April 1945 before the war ended, Hitler replaced Gehlen with Gerhard Wessel as head of this group. See Fremde Heere Ost Gehlen Organization. V-2835 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Frank PAX (Gehlen Organization Friede, Willy Heinrich alias). FRIEDMANN, Alfred Gehlen Organization alias for Arwed Flegel. FRIESE, Gustav Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Froehlich. FRIESEN Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Felfe. V-2327 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Gustav FRIESE (Gehlen Froehlich, Kurt Organization alias).

Froehlich, Sergie CANUCK, JG-2627, KM-26 (cryptonyms). PRUNE (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Fumy, Rudolf Rudolf FUNK (Gehlen Organization alias). FUNK, Rudolf Gehlen Organization alias for Rudolf Fumy. GADULL Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi. GAMBIT OSS cryptonym for Hildegard Beetz. GANTNER, Helmut Gehlen Organization/BND alias for Hermann Griesse. Cryptonym for American War Refugee Board, which was established in 1944 by President Roosevelt to "rescue endangered refugees in every area of the world" and initiated its activities in Stockholm. The Board funded Raoul Wallenberg's assignment in wartime Budapest (1944-45) to protect Hungarian GARBO Jews from Nazi persecution and deportation.

28 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition Garrette, Jose Considered by OSS for use with Plan CAESAR.

ODEUM, OFFSPRING, RUSTY, ZIPPER (cryptonyms). Immediately after the war, the KEYSTONE group of Germans with some formerly associated with Foreign Armies East and headed by Herman Baun merged with the BOLERO group of Germans from Foreign Armies East and headed by Reinhard Gehlen to form the Gehlen Organization with Gehlen as Chief. In 1956, the Gehlen Gehlen Organization Organization became the West German Intelligence Service (BND). UTILITY (cryptonym). Robert GRABER, Dr. SCHNEIDER (aliases). See also Gehlen, Reinhard Fremde Heere Ost, Foreign Armies East, Gehlen Organization. Gehrich, Inge Marie CASUSTAIN-15 (cryptonym). Associated with CASUSTAIN Project. V-3348 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner GRUNERT (Gehlen Geipel, Walter Organization alias).

Geist, Karl RINGWALD-1, GRAVID-5 (cryptonyms). Considered for ICEBERG Program. Genoud, Francois INFISHY-2 (cryptonym). Gerebkov, Georg CANAKIN, SLOTH (OSS/SSU/CIG/CIA cryptonyms).

QKSNITCH (Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW)) under Project KMMANLY was a study group of former high ranking German Army officers that was created by OPC in 1952 and terminated in 1953. Wilhelm Classen, Eberhard Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW) Von Nostitz, Burghard Von Preussen, Felix Steiner associated with Project. GHORMLEY, Everett M. Pseudonym for Stasys Rastikis. V-15775 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ULMANN (Gehlen Organization Gimzauskas, Kazys alias). GIORDANO, Mario K. Pseudonym for Aleks Kurgvel. Girg, Walter Walter GIRK (Gehlen Organization alias). GIRK, Walter Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Girg. Glanert, Georg GRIFFITH (Gehlen Organization alias). Glasenapp, Werner Franz CAUTERY-5 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. CAUSA-1 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact in the West German Chancellor's Office for discussions and planning during 1951-56 for the transfer of the Gehlen Organization from CIA sponsorship to the West German Globke, Hans government). Gmelin, Ulrich JG-8955 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Project. Goerz, Hellmuth BEKING-8D (cryptonym). Associated with BECRIPPLE/BEKING Project. Goettsch, Werner CAINFER-1 (cryptonym). GOFORTH, Robert T. Pseudonym for Alfreds Berzins. Goleniewski, Michal Senior Polish Intelligence Service defector and former CIA agent-in-place. Golitsyn, Anatoliy AELADLE (cryptonym). Soviet defector and former KGB officer. GOLTEDGE, Louis G. Pseudonym for Freds Launags. GOMACE Cryptonym for Ivan Docheff. GORDON Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Scheidt. GRABER, Robert Alias for Reinhard Gehlen. Counterintelligence Corps Detachment 430 of G-2 US Forces Austria (CIC Det GRAGORA 430 G-2 USFA). GRALDER-1 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Dietrich. GRALLSPICE Cryptonym for Sergie Shebalin. GRAM Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Erich Schoebel. GRANOLITE-10 Cryptonym for Otto Schulmeister. GRANOLITE-30 Cryptonym for Theodor Von Albert. GRATLAS Vienna Operations Base in Stiftsdaserne. Grauer, Gustav GRAUERT (Gehlen Organization alias).

29 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition GRAUERT Gehlen Organization alias for Gustav Grauer. DTLINEN (formerly EARTHENWARE, GRAVEYARD) (1951-60) was a CIA covert propaganda, harassment, and sabotage activity subsidizing both the overt and covert the activities of the Kampgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighting Group against Inhumanity (KgU)) against East Germany. The KgU (CAJERSEY), an overt organization, sought to expose conditions in the USSR and Soviet Zone of Germany which were considered crimes against humanity. Heinrich Otto Krause associated with Project. Erich Von Sivers considered for GRAVEYARD possible use on Project. GRAVID-5 Cryptonym for Karl Geist. GRCAMERA Cryptonym for Otto Schulmeister. GRCROOND Project involved staybehind paramilitary operations in Austria to develop escape and evasion network. GRREPAIR Project developed the central section of the escape and evasion network in Austria. Egbert Hochhauser, Hans Tschurtscenthaler considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND GRCROOND.

GRCROOND / GRREPAIR (1952-62) sought to develop and strengthen the Austrian paramilitary program so that this program could be activated at full strength in the event of hostilities. The program included staybehind, evasion and escape; guerrilla warfare and resistance; paramilitary training; and caching of equipment. Egbert Hochhauser, Hans Tschurtscenthaler considered for GRCROOND possible use on Project GRCROOND. GREENGROCER Austrian State Police. GREENSOAP Austrian Military Intelligence Service (AMIS). GREENSOAP-10 Cryptonym for Walter Kainz when he was Liaison Contact at AMIS. GRENGULF Austrian State Police. Griesse, Hermann Helmut GANTNER (Gehlen Organization/BND alias). GRIFFITH Gehlen Organization alias for Georg Glanert. John V. Grombach headed the POND, a codename at State Department for an intelligence operation founded in WWII, was conducted jointly by the War and State Departments. GROUNDHOG was cryptonym for the POND. One Foreign Service Officer (FSO) in each US Embassy (in the countries covered by the POND) was the POND officer and was provided with secret funds under his control and secret communications direct to the Department. James McCargar was FSO in Budapest (1946-47) and was also the POND officer in Grombach, John V. Hungary at that time. GROOVY Cable indicator for Austrian intelligence operations. GROSSBAHN Cryptonym for Otto Von Bolschwing.

GROUNDHOG was cryptonym for the POND organization headed by John V. Grombach. The POND, a codename at State Department for an intelligence operation founded in WWII, was conducted jointly by the War and State Departments. One Foreign Service Officer (FSO) in each US Embassy (in the countries covered by the POND) was the POND officer and was provided with secret funds under his control and secret communications direct to the Department. James McCargar was FSO in Budapest (1946-47) and was also GROUNDHOG the POND officer in Hungary at that time. GROWER US Embassy, Vienna.

30 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition

GRCROOND / GRREPAIR (1952-62) sought to develop and strengthen the Austrian paramilitary program so that this program could be activated at full strength in the event of hostilities. The program included staybehind, evasion and escape; guerrilla warfare and resistance; paramilitary training; and caching of equipment. Egbert Hochhauser, Hans Tschurtscenthaler considered for GRREPAIR possible use on Project GRCROOND. GRUELER G-2 US Forces Austria (G-2 USFA). AECADILT-10, AEVIRGIL-109 (cryptonyms). Associated with Gruenwaldt, Wilhelm AECARRERA/AEVIRGIL Project. GRUESOME Detachment 35 of G-2 US Forces Austria (Det 35 G-2 USFA). US Army's cryptonym for Karl Haas. Haas is Det 35 G-2 US Forces Austria's GRUESOME 201 (Det 35 G-2 USFA's) Source No. 201. GRUNERT, Werner Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Geipel. GULL OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym for Victor Larionoff. GUMDROP OSS/SSU cryptonym for Karl Suess. Haas, Karl GRUESOME 201 (G-2 US Forces Austria's cryptonym for Haas). HABEDANK, Hans Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Handrack. V-9112 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ALBERT, Albert HALBACH, Arthur Haderlein, Andreas HESSE, Albert RICHTER (Gehlen Organization aliases). HAEHNERT Gehlen Organization alias for Johannes Hossbach. HAENDLER Gehlen Organization alias for Guenther Woest. HAHN, Cleveland O. Pseudonym for Freds Launags. HALBACH, Albert Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. V-11760 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans HABEDANK, Rolf Handrack, Hans OSTERREICH (Gehlen Organization aliases). Hantel, Otto CACUS-4 (cryptonym). HARVARD (1951-65) was designed initially to provide safehouse and operational aid facilities for CIA activities in Germany. In 1952, the HARVARD mission was expanded to include the rehabilitation and resettlement of HARVARD defectors, agents, and agent-trainees. HASSEL, Werner Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Helfsgott. HATHOR OSS/SSU cryptonym for Paul Dickopf.

AEKILO-2 (cryptonym). Associated with AEBALCONY, Hazners, Vilis AEFREEMAN/AEFLAG, AEMARSH Projects. See also Daugavas Vanagi. HBCAPON CIA OSO Station (Karlsruhe). HBCHEST Sweden. HBDEBATE/JBLIMBERS refers to clandestine coordinating and planning HBDEBATE committee, SHAPE. HBFINCH US Embassy. HBGROPING West German Federal Government. HBHATCH Latvia. HBLAURITE West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND). HBREBEL Russian Zone of Germany. HBTROUT Canada. XX-61 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his XX Net Hebenstreit, Erno Karoly (Hungarian Catholic Group living in West) in Austria). Hehn, Juergen Von V-18526 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). V-2620 (Gehlen Organization V-Nymber). Eduard BERGMANN (Gehlen Heidschuch, Erich Organization alias). CAPOTE (cryptonym). Associated with Amt Blank, the predecessor Heinz, Friedrich Wilhelm organization of part of the West German Ministry of Defense.

31 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition V-7041 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner HELLER, Willi HILLMANN, Helfsgott, Ernst Werner HASSEL (Gehlen Organization aliases). HELLER OSS/SSU alias for Heinz Schmalschlager. HELLER, Werner Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Helfsgott. Fletcher M. KNIGHT (pseudonym). Richard M. Helms was Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966-73 and Deputy Director for Plans (DDP) from 1962- Helms, Richard M. 65. HEMERET, Lyman M. Pseudonym for Arturs Brombergs. Operation HENNE was a Gehlen Organization operation against the Hungarian Trade Mission in Frankfurt. The Gehlen Organization used Helmut Triska in HENNE this operation. Considered for possible use with National Committee for a Free Europe Hennyey, Gustav (NCFE). Herczeg, Karl Associated with Project DTPILLAR. HERRING OSS/SSU alias for Kuno Wirsich. HESSE, Arthur Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. Adolf HORN (Gehlen Organization alias). RNMELLATE (cryptonym when he Heusinger, Adolf was Liaison Contact at the West German Ministry of Defense). HH-1 Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Anton Fellner. Hilfsgemeinschaft auf Gegenseitigkeit (HIAG), veterans organization of former HIAG SS members. HIAS Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). HIAWATHA Cryptonym for Herbert Von Strempel. CALABEL-1 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the West German Foreign Office). Stephen H. HOLCOMB, Arthur T. LATTER (pseudonyms). Hilger, Gustav Associated with Project AEFORD (formerly PBSTEAM). Hillmann, Fritz CARCER-1 (cryptonym). HILLMANN, Willi Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Helfsgott. Hirsemann, Johannes CABATON-39 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CABATON. HIWAY Cable indicator for Hungarian intelligence operations. Hochhauser, Egbert Considered for possible use on Project GRCROOND. HOEFNER, Ludwig Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Pfahls. Hoeher, Wolfgang V-2996 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). HOFFMAN Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Clemens. Hoffmann, Otto Paul BERGER, PAUL (Gehlen Organization aliases). HOLCOMB, Stephen H. Pseudonym for Gustav Hilger. HOLGERS Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kurreck. HOLM Gehlen Organization alias for Major General Horst Wendland. HOLM, Guenther Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Otten. HOPKALIT Polish Intelligence Service cryptonym for Kurt Billmaier. Horak, Stephan PL-507 (cryptonym). Briefly attended ZRELOPE training program. HORN, Adolf Gehlen Organization alias for Adolf Heusinger. V-2951 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CONNY (Gehlen Organization Horst, Cornelius Van Der alias). Hossbach, Johannes HAEHNERT (Gehlen Organization alias).

CAPARISON, CARTEL-1, AECASSOWARY-3, CASSOWARY-3, QRDYNAMIC-3 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA/TRIDENT, AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, Hrinioch, Ivan AECARTHAGE), QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE). HTCURIO American or US, not US Government. HTENFORCE United Press. HTEXOTIC Munich, Germany.

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Term Definition Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ), German Soldiers Newspaper. See HTFULFIL KMMANLY. HTMANDOLA US Army Europe (USAEUR). OBLIVIOUS (1949-55), formerly HTNEIGH and part of OBOPUS, provided support to National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) as CIA's overt vehicle for political, psychological, paramilitary activities against Albania. Hasan Dosti HTNEIGH associated with OBLIVIOUS. HTOUTRIG Project was planned to be an Hungarian veterans' organization to serve as a pool for prospective paramilitary and propaganda activities and combat the fast-growing organization of the notorious General Zako, but Project never became operational. Ferenc Koszorus named as Principal Agent on HTOUTRIG Project. HTOXIDE London. ICEBERG (1948-53) was Vienna Operations Base's staybehind program and selected, trained, and placed W/T operators and other types of staybehind agents in strategic locations in Eastern Austria to become active only after the outbreak of hostilities and the loss of this area to hostile forces. Karl Geist ICEBERG considered for possible use on Project. ICEFALL-CRESTFALL Indicator for material sent from State Department to CIA. Iglhaut, Hans Considered for possible use on Project KMMANLY. INFISHY-2 Cryptonym for Francois Genoud. US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). LNYUMA, ODURGE INS (cryptonyms). The Rumanian Iron Guard (RIG) was an ultra-nationalist, anti-Semitic, fascist movement and political party in Rumania from 1927 into the early part of WWII. The Iron Guard, which collaborated with the Nazis and is well known for its participation in the Holocaust, was responsible for terrorism and atrocities in Iron Guard Rumania. Plan IVY (1944-45) conducted by OSS, Italian Navy, and Committee of National Liberation to prevent possible sabotage by Germans of industry in northern Italy by setting up network of counterespionage cells. Junio Valerio Borghese IVY associated with Project. JACKBOX British Secret Intelligence Service. JAGUAR British Intelligence Service (BIS). Janelsins, Peteris AEMARSH-15 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AEMARSH. Jansen, Erwin Franz URBANEK (Gehlen Organization alias). JANSONS Cryptonym for Vidvuds Sveics while working for the Swedes. Janums, Vilis AECANOE-3 (cryptonym). Associated with Project TPTONIC. JBCLOUD Latvia. JBCREOLE Voice of America (VOA). HBDEBATE/JBLIMBERS refers to clandestine coordinating and planning JBLIMBERS committee, SHAPE. JBMINIMUM Psychological test. Albanian holding/training camp in West Germany associated with Project JBPARSON BGFIEND. JBRADDLE Equipment Wireless/transmission equipment. JBTHRONG Gesellschaft Freies Europa (Society for a Free Europe). American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called the "JOINT" or JDC the JDC). JG-2627 Cryptonym for Sergie Froehlich. JG-2633 Cryptonym for Helmut Vogt. JG-3534 Cryptonyms for Alarich Bross. JG-3721 Cryptonym for Aleks Kurgvel.

33 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition JG-4095 Cryptonym for Georg Kretzschmar. JG-4796 Cryptonym for Walter Menke. JG-5394 Cryptonym for Alfreds Riekstins. JG-5397 Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. JG-5809 Cryptonym for Michael Rudko. JG-5817 Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. JG-6024 Cryptonym for Karl Jobke. JG-6424 Cryptonym for Romulus Mandel. JG-6628 Cryptonym for Christian Schwarting. JG-6732 Cryptonym for Sven-Gunner Treuhoff. JG-6734 Cryptonym for Hans Otto. JG-7091 Cryptonym for Friedrich Carstenn. JG-7300 Cryptonym for Heinz Debrassine. JG-7653 Cryptonym for Eberhard Tellkamp. JG-7749 Cryptonym for Helmut Kalich. JG-8955 Cryptonym for Ulrich Gmelin. JG-8970 Cryptonym for Viktor Ziegler. JG-9633 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Classen. JIGGER OSS cryptonym for Herbert Berthold-Bernard. JK-44 OSS cryptonym for Sergio Mainetto. JK-78 Cryptonym for Ugo Dadone. JKLANCE Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Jobke, Karl JG-6024 (Cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat Project. American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called the "JOINT" or JOINT the JDC). JUSTIZIN Gehlen Organization alias for Eberhard Non Nostitz. Kabashi, Ahmet THROWOFF-2 (cryptonym). Associated with Project BGFIEND. THROWOFF-4, THROTTLER-1, THUNDERCLAP-5, GADULL (cryptonyms). Kabashi, Shaqir Associated with Project BGFIEND. KAEMMER, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Finsterer. KAHR, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Franz Karmasin. V-14801 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KORN, Walter SCHADE (Gehlen Organization alias). GREENSOAP-10 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Kainz, Walter Contact at AMIS) Kalich, Helmut JG-7749 (cryptonym). Associated with Project LCPROWL. KALNINS, Herbert Alias for Herberts Zagars. PELOPS (cryptonym). Associated with Project AIN concerning activities with Kanayan, Drostamat the Armenians during 1952-54. KAPOK Cable indicator for document sensitivity. V-16131 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz KAHR, Fritz WUNDER Karmasin, Franz (Gehlen Organization aliases). Kashuba, Ivan AECAVATINA-12, CAVATINA-12 (cryptonyms). KATonai POLitikai Csoport (KATPOL) was the Intelligence Department of the Hungarian Ministry of Defense, which later became VKF-II (Hungarian Military KATPOL Intelligence Service). KAUFMANN, Franz Alias for Leopold Voller. Kaya, Okinori POSONNET-1 (cryptonym). Kayser-Eichberg, Ulrich Ulrich KIEL (Gehlen Organization alias). UJDUCAT-4 (cryptonym). Kedia, Michael V-11881 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KELLER, Ernst Gehlen Organization alias for Eberhard Non Nostitz. Kemritz, Hans SAVOY (cryptonym).

34 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition KEYSTONE refers to a group of Germans with some from Foreign Armies East and headed by Herman Baun immediately after the war. The KEYSTONE group merged with the BOLERO group (headed by Reinhard Gehlen) to form KEYSTONE the Gehlen Organization with Gehlen as Chief. KEYWAY CIA Europe Division. Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU), or Fighting Group against KgU Inhumanity. CAJERSEY (cryptonym). See DTLINEN. KIBITZ was Karlsruhe Base's program to develop a staybehind net in Germany (1949-53). Walter Kopp, Hans Rues, Eduard Woellner associated with Project. KIBITZ Anton Dukavits worked in Walter Kopp's net. KIBITZ-15 Cryptonym for Walter Kopp. KIBITZ-16 Cryptonym for Hans Rues. KIBITZ-17 Cryptonym for Eduard Woellner. KIBITZ-201 Cryptonym for Anton Dukavits. KIEL, Ulrich Gehlen Organization alias for Ulrich Kayser-Eichberg. KILKENNY Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. KIRCHNER, Peter Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Anders. Klaus, Bruno V-14802, formerly V-19331 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KM-26 Cryptonym for Sergie Froehlich. KM-64 Cryptonyms for Alarich Bross. KMBALL CIA European Division personnel matters.

KMCASHIER Nippon Television Corporation. Matsutaro Shoriki associated with Project. KMCOCKY US Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence. KMHITHER-C Project involved resistance and staybehind activities in West KMHITHER-C Germany. Viktor Ziegler associated with Project. KMJUNKMAN US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). KMKIMONO Program for training agents.

KMMANLY (1951-53) was originally designed to counter the actions of pacifist and neutralist groups in West Germany who were opposed to ratification of the contractual agreements. In practice KMMANLY sought to win support for the European Defense Community (EDC) in areas of veterans' affairs and military publishing. To achieve these aims, three publications were utilized under KMMANLY -- Die Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (The German Soldiers' Newspaper, (DSZ)), Europaische Wehrkorrespondenz (European Defense Newsletter, (EWK)), Wehr Wissenschaftliche Rundschau (Military Science Journal, (WWR)). In addition KMMANLY supported the Gesellschaft fuer Wehrkunde (GfW), a military science study group composed of former high ranking German Army officers. Wilhelm Classen (PA), Eberhard Von Nostitz, Burghard Von Preussen, Felix Steiner associated with GfW part of Project. Josef Berschneider, Hans Iglhaut, Werner Strecker considered for possible use KMMANLY on KMMANLY. Bund Deutsche Jugend (BDJ) or League of German Youth, an organization in KMPRUDE Project LCPROWL. Pseudonym for Richard M. Helms, who was DCI from 1966-73 and DDP from KNIGHT, Fletcher M. 1962-65. KNOBBY CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). Knoll, Kurt V-5450 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KOBIRD CIA East Asia Division. KOCH OSS/SSU cryptonym for Georgs Gaston Kulikovskis. Kocins, Rudolf Considered for possible use on Project AEBLOSSOM. Koenen, Hans STMURAL-1 (cryptonym).

35 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition Koerner, Horst V-14125 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Kollenyi, Gyorgy V-14411, V-17562 (Gehlen Organization V-Numbers). The Kopjas organization, organized by Andreas Zako in Hungary during WWII, was a special anti-Soviet combat intelligence group under the auspices of the SS and Arrow Cross whose mission was to infiltrate the Russian front to collect Kopjas information and commit acts of sabotage. Kopp, Walter KIBITZ-15 (cryptonym). Associated with the KIBITZ staybehind program. KORB Gehlen Organization alias for Edmund Krause. KORF, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Karl Joseph Feist. KORN Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kainz. KORTMANN Gehlen Organization alias for Siegfried Nickel.

AECAPELIN-1, AEBATH-1, AEDOGMA-1, CAPELIN-1, PETROCLUS (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA, AEDOGMA/AEBATH. Korzhan, Michael V-13611 (formerly V9460.9) (Gehlen Organization V-Numbers). Koszorus, Ferenc Principal Agent on Project HTOUTRIG. PETER (Belgian cryptonym). VENUS (cryptonym). Associated with VENUS Kozma, Ferenc Project. V-10721 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Werner MILLER (Gehlen Krassowsky, Werner Organization alias). Krause, Edmund KORB (Gehlen Organization alias). Krause, Heinrich Otto Associated with Project DTLINEN. KRAUSS, Dr. Gehlen Organization alias for Emil Augsburg. Kretzschmar, Georg JG-4095 (cryptonym). Associated with Project DTBEYOND.

Krichbaum, Wilhelm V-8838 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KRUG (Gehlen Organization alias). Kroeger, Ernst V-15769 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Krombholz, Franz Associated with LCPROWL/Apparat Project. KRUEGER Gehlen Organization alias for Friedrich Frank. Krueger, Alfred Kurt DISTAFF-60 (cryptonym). KRUG Gehlen Organization alias for Wilhelm Krichbaum. Krull, Heinz Karl ZIGZAG (OSS cryptonym). CANCAN (OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonym). KRUSE, Otto Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Lueth. KUBARK Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). KUBASS CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T). KUCAGE CIA Psychological and Paramilitary Operations Staff. KUCHAP CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). KUCITY CIA Technical Services Division. KUDESK CIA Counterintelligence Center. Kudoke, Hans Joachim CADINGY (cryptonym). KUDOVE CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). LfV, which were the Field Offices of the BfV (West German Office for the KUENAST Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service). KUFIRE CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff. KUGOWN CIA Psychological and Paramilitary Operations Staff. Kuhara, Fusanosuke POSHARK (cryptonym). KUHOOK CIA Paramilitary Operations Staff. KUJAZZ CIA Office of National Estimates. KUJUMP CIA Contact Division KUKNOB CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI). Kulikovskis, Georgs Gaston KOCH, CADRE (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). KUMONK CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA).

36 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition

JG-3721, AELUNG, AEPIONEER-6, AEJAMMER-8 (cryptonyms). Mario K. GIORDANO (pseudonym), Mr. A. CLAYTON (alias), Mr. W. CARLSON (alias). Associated with Projects LCHOMELY, AEBASIN, AEACRE, AEPIONEER, Kurgvel, Aleks AEJAMMER, AEREALITY, AEROOT, AETARGET, AESCREEN, TPMURILLO. KURIOT CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). V-7630 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). HOLGERS, Kurt WAGNER (Gehlen Kurreck, Walter Organization alias). CAMBISTA-10 (cryptonym). Associated with AEQUOR Project. See also Kushel, Francis BNR. KUSODA Center for CIA Security. KUTUBE CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff. KUTWIN Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Kutzler, Heinrich CAUTERY-18 (cryptonym). Associated with CAUTERY Project. KUWOLF CIA Political and Psychological Staff. KUWRAP CIA Counterintelligence Center. Kuznetsov, Josef TROY (OSS/SSU cryptonym). LACERATOR Cryptonym for Ugo Dadone. Laipenieks, Edgars AESIDECAR-2 (cryptonym). Associated with AEBALCONY Project. LANDSEER-10 Cryptonym for Wilhelm Dietrich. LANGE, Otmar Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Somann. LAPSA Alias for Janis Presnikovs. Larionoff, Victor CAMISOLE, GULL (OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms). LARKSPUR OSS cryptonym for Sergio Mainetto. LATTER, Arthur T. Pseudonym for Gustav Hilger. Latvian Consultative Panel, which was renamed Latvian Freedom Committee of the National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE), was headed by Vilis Latvian Consultative Panel Hazners. Latvian Consultative Panel, which was renamed Latvian Freedom Committee of the National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE), was headed by Vilis Latvian Freedom Committee Hazners. CAMBARO-1, AECAMBARO-1, AEHAWKEYE-1 (cryptonyms). Cleveland O. HAHN, Louis G. GOLTEDGE, Raymond S. CHURGIN (pseudonyms). Launags, Freds Associated with Projects AECOB, AEMARSH. LAUNAIS, Philip E. Pseudonym for Constantine Mierlak. LCCASSOCK (1954-61) was a publishing and distribution company in West Berlin that produced and covertly distributed propaganda material for East Germans, providing them with Western-oriented information and harrassing, embarrassing and exposing officials and policies of the East German regime. Hans Lobbes, Karl Heinz Marbach (PA), Guenther Schmidt associated with LCCASSOCK Project. LCCASSOCK-1 Cryptonym for Karl Heinz Marbach. LCCASSOCK-4 Cryptonym for Hans Lobbes. LCDATA CIA Office of General Counsel (OGC). LCFIREBOX Cryptonym for Scientific Detachment, 7955. LCFLUTTER Polygraph test. LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to monitor PRC state LCHARVEST technology. LCHOMELY involved operations out of Germany into Estonia. Aleks Kurgvel LCHOMELY associated with Project. LCIMPROVE Information concerning Soviet intelligence services worldwide. LCLEMUR Vienna, Austria.

37 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition LCLODE Cable indicator for communications. LCPAGAN Tarantel news service in West Germany. LCPROWL Project (1950-53) in Germany involved anti-communist psychological warfare, accomplished by the BDJ (Bund Deutsche Jugend or League of German Youth) (KMPRUDE), and a staybehind organization that would conduct paramilitary/sabotage activities (LCPROWL BDJ Apparat) in the event of war. Alarich Bross, Friedrich Carstenn, Heinz Debrassine, Ulrich Gmelin, Karl Jobke, Franz Krombholz, Walter Menke, Hans Otto, Christian Schwarting, Eberhard Tellkamp, Helmut Vogt, Willi Weinsberg associated with LCPROWL Project. Bund Deutsche Jugend (BDJ) or League of German Youth, an organization in League of German Youth Project LCPROWL. KMPRUDE (cryptonym).

ANTLER, AECASSOWARY-2, CARTEL-2 CASSOWARY-2, QRDYNAMIC-2 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA/TRIDENT, AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), Lebed, Mykola QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE). Ledwinke, Karl V-14401 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Lehmann, Fredrich Otto CADUCITY (cryptonym). LFSALAD Cryptonym for Tatsuo Aso. LfV were the Field Offices of the BfV (West German Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Internal Security Service). CAVATA, CAWHISPER, LfV CAZAMIA, KUENAST (cryptonyms). LHDEN East Germany. LHGRAB East German Intelligence Service. V-2026 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinz ENGELHARDT, Heinz Lienhard, Heinrich DERNBURG (Gehlen Organization aliases). LILAC Cryptonym for Erich Wender. AECHAMP-7, AEMANNER-7 (cryptonyms). Associated with AECHAMP Lileikis, Alexandras Project. LINCOLN Cryptonym for Helmut Casemir. LINDE, Arturs Alias for Arturs Brombergs. LINDEMANN, Peter Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Pfahls. SS-5 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his SS Net (Socialist Linhart, Ferdinand Party Net) in Austria). Lipping, Elmar AEBASIN-4 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AEBASIN. LNBEET US Secret Service. LNBRAN National Security Agency (NSA). LNBUZZ US Government. LNCAST US Air Force (USAF). LNCOLLAR U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. LNCUFF US Embassy, Legation, Consulate. LNDROP US Department of Commerce. LNEASE US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). LNERGO US Federal Bureau of Investigation. LNFALL US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. LNFORT US Government. LNGLUE US Army. LNGOLD US Department of State. LNHARP US Government. LNLEVY US Department of the Air Force. LNLOUP US Mission to the United Nations. LNLUTE US Government.

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Term Definition LNPACK US Air Force (USAF). LNPURE US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. LNREAD US Army. LNSHOE Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). LNSLED US Department of Defense (DoD). LNTONE US Department of Justice. LNTUBA Cryptonym for US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). LNTUCK US Department of Navy. LNVENT US Department of Treasury. LNWILT US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC). LNYATE US Information Communications Agency (ICA). LNYUMA US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). CAUTERY-1, LCCASSOCK-4 (cryptonyms). Associated with CAUTERY and Lobbes, Hans LCCASSOCK Projects. LOHRMANN, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Gustav Erdmann.

ACROBAT, CAPARISON-3, CARTEL-3, CASSOWARY-4, AECASSOWARY-4, QRDYNAMIC-4 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects BELLADONNA/TRIDENT, AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, Lopatinsky, Yury AECARTHAGE), and QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB (formerly AEBEEHIVE). CAUTERY-8 (cryptonym). Paul BRUCKNER (alias). Associated with Lottum, Andreas CAUTERY Project. LOVETSKY, Boris Pseudonym for Nikolajs Balodis. CAUTERY-4, BESMIRCH-2, BECRIPPLE-2 (cryptonyms). Associated with Ludtke, Wilhelm Projects CAUTERY, BECRIPPLE, BESMIRCH. V-9245 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Otto KRUSE (Gehlen Organization Lueth, Walter alias). LWCATCH Crytonynm for the 1985 search for Josef Mengele. MABUSE, Dr. Gehlen Organization alias for Joseph Schreieder. Maeda, Minoru Considered for possible use on Project DTPILLAR.

Mailat, Vasile V-15050 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). URSU (Gehlen Organization alias). DEVILFISH, LARKSPUR, JK-44 (OSS cryptonyms). Associated with Plan Mainetto, Sergio CIRCLE. See also ONARMO. MAIR Gehlen Organization alias for Hermann Bickler. Makowski, Ernst V-615 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). MALAMENT, Henry R. Alias for Hasan Dosti. MALT OSS/SSU cryptonym for Heinz Schmalschlager. AEROOT-7, JG-6424, PL-535 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project Mandel, Romulus AEROOT. Mannil, Harry WKORANGE-62 (cryptonym). CADRIER, LCCASSOCK-1 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project Marbach, Karl Heinz LCCASSOCK. Margarit, Jon TRAJAN, UJDRIFTER (cryptonyms). Mast, Heinrich Von V-5300 (Gehlen Organization V-Number).

Matviyeyko, Myron CAPANEUS (cryptonym). Associated with BELLADONNA/TRIDENT Projects. Kenneth H. CALLENDER (pseudonym). Associated with the POND (1946-47) McCargar, James and FJMACHINE (1955-58). Mehnert, Walter AEABYSS-1 (cryptonym). Associated with AEABYSS Project. Mellenthin, Elfina CAUTERY-10 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. Mellenthin, Walter CAUTERY-3 (cryptonym). Associated with Project CAUTERY. MEMACE Cryptonym for Ivan Docheff.

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Term Definition Mende, Gerhard Von CAPRIFORM (cryptonym). See also Oestministerium. Mengele, Josef LWCATCH (cryptonym for 1985 search for Josef Mengele). Menke, Walter JG-4796 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat. V-12041 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Walter PETERSON (Gehlen Merk, Kurt Organization alias). Metzner, Alfred V-23411 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). CANNONADE, CLIP (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). Associated with SYBILLE Meyer, Georg Project. MfS East German Ministry of State Security. MHABYSS Narcotics.

Magyar Harcosok Bajtarsi Kozossege (MHBK), the League of Hungarian Veterans, was organized by Andreas Zako after WWII as a right-wing veterans group formed from the fascist elements of the Kopjas organization and with networks throughout Europe and the Americas. The MHBK had five branches in Austria alone and worked closely with French intelligence, which financed its MHBK efforts to gather intelligence in Hungary. MHBRUSH West German Federal Government. MHHARSH Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). MHNYMPH Soviet Subversive Activities in Europe. Activities of hostile intelligence services against the US Government and other MHORDER governments. MHSPAWN Cable indicator for covert action propaganda. AEPRIMER-1, AEREADY-2 (cryptonyms). Philip E. LAUNAIS (pseudonym). Donald R. WAKILD (alias). Associated with Projects AEPRIMER and Mierlak, Constantine AEREADY. MIGSCH, Hans Hermann Gehlen Organization alias for Arwed Flegel. MILLER, Werner Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Krassowsky. MINSKY, Simeon Pseudonym for Boris Ragula. MKNOVA Technical Services unit in Frankfurt. MKTOPAZ CIA Technical Services Division (TSD). Fall MONOGRAM is the German cryptonym for double agent case involving MONOGRAM Hans Erich Schoebel against the Czechs. EE-1 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his EE Net (Catholic Montjoye-Vaufrey, Hugo Church Connections) in Austria. Moritz, Kurt V-3080 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Mueller, Carl Heinz CAISSON-19 (cryptonym). V-1721 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). NETTKE (Gehlen Organization Mueller, Franz alias). Mueller, Josef ROBOT (OSS/SSU cryptonym).

NADELWALD/UJKEVEL refers to the SATURN Program's West German NADELWALD escape and evasion teams. Josef Stigler associated with UJKEVEL Project. National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA). OBLIVIOUS (cryptonym). NCFA Hasan Dosti was President of NCFA (1949-54). National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE). TPTONIC, QKIVORY (cryptonyms). Vilis Hazners was associated with the Latvian Consultative Panel, which was renamed Latvian Freedom Committee of the NCFE. Gustav NCFE Hennyey considered for possible use with NCFE. Nebel, Ludwig OSTRICH (OSS and British cryptonym). NETTKE Gehlen Organization alias for Franz Mueller. Neugebauer, Erich CABATON-165 (cryptonym). Associated with CABATON Project. NFIB National Foreign Intelligence Board (NFIB). ODAGOG (cryptonym).

40 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition V-7048 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). KORTMANN (Gehlen Organization Nickel, Siegfried alias). NIETSCH Gehlen Organization alias for Arwed Flegel. Niznansky, Ladislav Associated with the Czech desk of Radio Free Europe (RFE). NOLTE, Erich Gehlen Organization alias for Eberhard Non Nostitz.

V-12899 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ernst KELLER, Erich NOLTE, JUSTIZIN (Gehlen Organization aliases). Associated with GfW part of Project Nostitz, Eberhard Von KMMANLY and with the BND's STORCH staybehind program. NOSTRIL Cryptonym for Tscherim Soobzokov. NSA National Security Agency (NSA). LNBRAN, ODINCH (cryptonyms).

National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS)) reportedly was founded in the 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. The NTS rebuilt itself on purely anti-Communist grounds in 1945. After the war, the NTS has its own newspaper "Possev." CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA 100 NTS (cryptonyms for NTS). See AESAURUS, QKDROOP. NVABROAD US Department of State. NVBLAZON US Government. NVCANOPY US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). NVENGRAM US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate. NVGIFT US Department of State. NVGROUP US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). NVIDEA US Department of State. NVTERRACE US Embassy. NWBOLTON Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian émigré group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with OBDURATE Project. Infiltration missions into Albania via airdrops or overland to organize underground resistance, establish safe houses, collect operational intelligence, and to spread propaganda. These missions were associated with Project OBHUNT BGFIEND.

OBLIVIOUS (1949-55), formerly HTNEIGH and part of OBOPUS/BGFIEND, provided support to National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) as CIA's overt vehicle for political, psychological, paramilitary activities against Albania. OBLIVIOUS Hasan Dosti associated with OBLIVIOUS. OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian émigré group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with OBLONG Project.

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Term Definition

OBOPUS (formerly BGFIEND) (1949-58) was initially a joint US-British covert action program designed to overthrow the Soviet dominated regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania and evolved into establishing and exploiting National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA), propaganda media, infiltration agents, and economic warfare. VALUABLE was the British Albanian plan. The file includes Country Plan for Albania (V. 1); Project Outline, Reviews, Termination (V. 2); OBLIVIOUS: NCFA (V. 3); BGFIEND/JBPARSON: Albanian Holding/Training Camp W. Germany (V. 4); BGFIEND RED Team (V. 5); BGFIEND APPLE Team (V. 6); BGFIEND WILLOW Team (V. 7); BGFIEND-VALUABLE Leaflet Drops (V. 8); OBTUSE: Propaganda Campaign (V. 9); OBTEST: Clandestine Radio Broadcasts (V. 10); OBHUNT & OBSIDIOUS: Infiltration Missions (V. 11); BGSPEED: Vessel for Offshore Propaganda Missions (V. 12); BGFIEND Operations (V. 13-30); Photographs (V. 31). Hasan Dosti associated with OBLIVIOUS (part of OBOPUS). Xhaver Deva Principal Agent (PA) on BGFIEND. Destan Berisha, Ahmet Kabashi, Shaqir Kabashi associated with OBOPUS BGFIEND. Infiltration missions into Albania via airdrops or overland to organize underground resistance, establish safe houses, collect operational intelligence, and to spread propaganda. These missions were associated with Project OBSIDIOUS BGFIEND. OBDURATE (formerly OBSTACLE, Plan CHARITY) (1954-56), incorporated into OBLONG in 1956, exploited the intelligence potential of a significant Albanian émigré group in Rome (Balli Kombetar). Xhaver Deva associated with OBSTACLE Project. Clandestine radio broadcasts into Albania and associated with Project OBTEST BGFIEND. Propaganda campaign against Albania, which included distribution of leaflets, printed matter, and a small quantity of consumer goods via overflights and a limited mail campaign. This propaganda campaign was associated with Project OBTUSE BGFIEND. ODACID US Department of State. ODAGOG National Foreign Intelligence Board (NFIB). ODAPSE US National Security Council. ODAXLE US Department of Energy. ODEARL US Department of Defense. ODENVY US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). ODEUM Gehlen Organization. ODIBEX US Army. ODINCH National Security Agency (NSA). ODOATH US Department of Navy. ODOPAL US Army Counterintelligence Corps. ODUNIT US Air Force. ODURGE US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). ODWIFE US Agency for International Development. ODYOKE US Government. V-11728 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). RANKE, ROPP (Gehlen Oebsger-Roeder, Rudolf Organization aliases). Oestministerium was the German Ministry for the Eastern Occupied Territories, headed by Alfred Rosenberg and collaborated with the SS beginning 1943. During WWII, Gerhard Von Mende and Stanislaw Stankiewicz associated with Oestministerium the Oestministerium.

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Term Definition

V-7500 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Dr. Emmerich SCHAEFFER, Dr. Offczarek, Emmerich Oskar ECKERT, DOKTOR, Dr. SCHREITER (Gehlen Organization aliases). OFFSPRING Gehlen Organization. Ogata, Taketora POCAPON (cryptonym). OGIVE CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). Ohlbrecht, Helmut V-2616 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). OKOLO, Herberts Pseudonym for Edvins Ozolins. V-7902 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinrich ALLMANN, Erich PONS Olbrueck, Erich (Gehlen Organization aliases). ONARMO (Opera Nazionale Assistionza Religiosa Morale Operai) was an organization in Rome that sponsored illegal immigration to Spain and South America. The Rome Office of the International Red Cross was staffed with a large number of German sympathizers who were facilitating the immmigration of Germans to South America. ONARMO also appeared to have the blessing of the Vatican. Sergio Mainetto was recruited by US Army CIC to penetrate ONARMO. This operation (Plan CIRCLE) was directed by the US Army CIC during 1946-48. CIA was given access to the information obtained in this ONARMO operation. OPTIC Schematic diagrams of BND agent nets. ORDWAY, William F. Pseudonym for General Charles P. Cabell when he was DDCI.

AECASSOWARY-27, CASSOWARY-27, JG-5817, PL-497 (cryptonyms). Ortinskiy, Lyubomir Associated with Projects BOULDER, AERODYNAMIC, and QRDYNAMIC. US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). LNEASE OSI (cryptonym). OSKARS Alias for Arturs Stankevics. Office of Strategic Services (OSS). KUTWIN, WOHIVE, ZACAMBRIC (cryptonyms). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor organizations are Coordinator of Information (COI), 11 Jul. 1941 - 12 Jun. 1942; Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 13 Jun. 1942 - 1 Oct. 1945; Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 27 Sep. 1945 - 19 Oct. 1946; Central Intelligence Group (CIG), 22 Jan. 1946 - 18 Sep. 1947; and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 25 OSS Sep. 1947. OSTERREICH, Rolf Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Handrack. OSTRICH OSS and British cryptonym for Ludwig Nebel. Ostrowsky, Radislaw AETOMAC-2 (cryptonym). See also BZR/BCR. V-2837 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Guenther HOLM (Gehlen Otten, Walter Organization alias). Otto, Hans JG-6734 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat Project.

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). AECAVATINA, CAVATINA (cryptonyms). The OUN, which was formed before WWII to achieve an independent Ukrainian state, accepted violence as a political tool against enemies of its cause and was in the business of assassination and terror. After the invasion of Poland (1939), the OUN collaborated with Germany against the Poles and, later, against the Soviet Union. In 1940, the OUN divided into two competing factions -- the larger faction OUN-B (headed by Stefan Bandera) and the smaller faction OUN-M (headed by Andre Melnik). Both OUN factions OUN created their own special forces units, named "Rolland" and "Nachtigall." Bandera faction of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B). OUN-B AECAVATINA-6, CAVATINA-6 (cryptonyms).

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Term Definition AECAMUSO-2, CAMUSO-2, JG-5397, TIBETAN-6 (cryptonyms). Herberts OKOLO (pseudonym). Associated with Projects AECOB/ZRLYNCH, CA- Ozolins, Edvins LAND. Ozolins, Janis AECOB-8 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AECOB. Ozols, Janis Considered for possible use on AECOB Project. Pankevich, Miron FIDO (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Pannwitz, Heinz CARETINA (cryptonym). TEJA (BND cryptonym). Fall PANOPTIKUM is the cryptonym for the German double agent case PANOPTIKUM involving Friederich Busch against the KGB. V-1150 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinz PAULSEN (Gehlen Organization alias). UJNUTLET (CIA cryptonym during the time the Germans Panzinger, Friedrich ran him as a double agent against the Soviets). Papanace, Constantine DEPTHLESS-4, UJDRUID (cryptonyms).

PAPERCLIP DoD project that brought German and Austrian scientists to the U.S. after WWII Parilli, Luigi ROHR (Gehlen Organization alias). PARKER Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Worm. PASTIME (1948-52) was Berlin Base's staybehind program, including trained W/T operators, agents, cutouts, and informants prepared for activation in the event of hostilities. PASTIME used some of the same people as the KIBITZ PASTIME staybehind program. PAUL Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Hoffmann. PAULSEN, Heinz Gehlen Organization alias for Friedrich Panzinger. PAX, Frank Gehlen Organization alias for Willy Heinrich Friede. Cryptonym for the American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of PBAFFIRM Russia (AMCOMLIB), which is a part of Project QKACTIVE. PBBAND Cable indicator for CIA Office of Current Intelligence (OCI) material. PBBLOOM Der Telegraf, a major West German daily newspaper.

Cryptonym for the Munich Office of the American Committee for the Liberation PBCHORD of Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB), which is a part of Project QKACTIVE. PBCHUTE Lithuania. PBPRIME United States. G-2 US Army Europe (G-2 USAREUR) plan for staybehind in former American PBRAMPART zone. PBSTEAM (formerly EUCHRE, later AEFORD) (1948-50) provided the services, experience, and backgound of a Russian specialist, Gustav Hilger, for PBSTEAM not only CIA but also other U.S. Government agencies. PBSWING US Embassy, Legation, or Consulate.

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Term Definition

The United States Escapee Program (USEP) or President's Escapee Program (PEP) was established in 1952 to assist escapees from the Soviet Bloc (nationals from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Baltic States, or the USSR) fleeing from persecution and despair to countries of asylum in Europe. The Department of State, Foreign Operations Administration, had the responsibility of implementing this program, which PEP assisted the escapees to get settled in the western world. CIA cryptonym for German double agent case involving Hans Erich Schoebel PEPPERMILL against the Czechs. Perkonkrusts (Thundercross or Swastika League) was a radical nationalist movement in Latvia that was not only anti-Semitic, but their racial attitudes Perkonkrusts were all inclusive toward any Latvian minority. PETER Belgian cryptonym for Ferenc Kozma. PETERIS Alias for ILmars Rupners. PETERSON, Walter Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Merk. PETROCLUS Cryptonym for Michael Korzhan. V-7915 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ludwig PILZ, Ludwig HOEFNER, Pfahls, Ludwig Peter LINDEMANN (Gehlen Organization aliases). CC-13 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his CC Net in Pfaundler, Wolfgand Von Austria). Pidhainy, Bohdan AECAVATINA-5, CAVATINA-5 (cryptonyms). PIER, Arthur Alias for Asher Ben-Nathan. PILZ, Ludwig Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Pfahls. PIPELINE Defector Project. PIRL Positive Intelligence Recruitment Lead (PIRL). PL-489 Cryptonym for Michael Rudko. PL-497 Cryptonym for Lyubomir Ortinskiy. PL-507 Cryptonym for Stephan Horak. PL-535 Cryptonym for Romulus Mandel. PNEXCEL Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNINFINITE Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNJEWEL Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNORACLE CIA Directorate of Intelligence. PNPEAK Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNRADIUS Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNREADY Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNVALUE Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). PNWORLD Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). POAIM-12 Cryptonym for Tsunezo Wachi. POBULK Yomiuri newspaper, Japan. POCAPON Cryptonym for Taketora Ogata. PODALTON Free Japan Broadcast Productions. PODAM Cryptonym for Matsutaro Shoriki. PODAUB National Police Agency, Japan. PODIVA CIA Station. POJACKPOT-1 Cryptonym for Matsutaro Shoriki. POLESTAR-5 Cryptonym for Eiichi Tatsumi. POLUNATE Cabinet Research Chamber (CRC) of the Japanese Government. Polygraph Test CARRIAGE, LCFLUTTER, and SGSWIRL (cryptonyms). POMONA Cryptonym for Kurt Reichert.

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Term Definition

TOPHOLE (cryptonym). Kurt Ponger, a U.S. Army officer during WWII, interrogated war crimes suspects and witnesses at Nuremberg after the war. In 1949, he was recruited by Soviets and he recruited Otto Verber, who was also a U.S. Army officer during WWII. In 1953, Ponger and Verber were arrested by Ponger-Verber Espionage Case U.S. military authorities and convicted of espionage. PONS, Erich Gehlen Organization alias for Erich Olbrueck. POPOV, Anton Alias for Destan Berisha. Popov, Lt. Col. Petr S. CIA penetration of the GRU in East Germany. Poppe, Nikolai Professor Karl BERGSTROM (pseudonym). POSHARK Cryptonym for Fusanosuke Kuhara. POSONNET-1 Cryptonym for Okinori Kaya. Newspaper published by NTS (National Alliance of Russian Solidarists) after Possev the war. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Johann Angerer as a member of his PP PP-5 Net (Austrian Police and a counterintelligence network) in Austria. PREGNANT Cryptonym for NKVD Captain FNU Skurin.

QKACTIVE (1951-71), operating through a proprietary cover organization (American Committee for the Liberation of the People of the USSR (AMCOMLIB) (PBAFFIRM)), sought to conduct overt anti-Soviet activities to weaken the Soviet regime and thereby reduce its threat to world security through radio broadcasts (Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty), the Institute for the Study of the USSR (BGCALLUS) Chaired by Stanislaw Stankiewicz, and published articles and books. Karl Toennies considered for possible use on QKACTIVE Project QKACTIVE. See also PBCHORD.

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Term Definition

QKBROIL (1951-54), which was superceded by Project SHELLFIRE in 1954, was a program to encourage the Rumanian people to resist communism; to establish a clandestine underground in Rumania to hamper Soviet/satellite military operations and to serve as a nucleus for wartime resistance; to undermine the political, economic, and military structure of communist Rumania; to develop a National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE) Political Center (Rumanian National Refugee Organization) as cover for overt activities and a covert operational support arm for OPC operations. Nicolae Radescu QKBROIL associated with Project. QKCIGAR US Government. QKCOAST Baltic States.

QKDEMON (formerly UMPIRE, EDUCATOR) (1949-50) was a psychological warfare project and provided the production and dissemination of covert propaganda against the Soviet Union and its satellites using radio broadcasts QKDEMON and printed material. Hildegard Beetz associated with Project. QKDROOP (1950-52) provided funds, material support, and operational guidance to the National Alliance of Solidarists (NTS or Natsionalny Trudovoi Soyuz), an anti-Soviet emigre organization which was actively engaged in clandestine activities against the Soviet regime and Soviet occupation forces in Germany and Austria During WWII, the NTS was a Nazi-related propaganda QKDROOP organization. See also AESAURUS/AENOBLE. QKELUSION West German Social Democratic Party (SPD).

CADROIT (formerly TPEMBER) (1949-55) subsidized and guided the Investigative Committee of Free Jurists (Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (UfJ)), which developed from one person as the head of a notional committee in West Berlin to an active organization with a West Berlin Headquarters staff of 75 and about 2,000 East German covert contacts, many from the legal profession and/or East German government. The UfJ, with CIA assistance, conducted extensive propaganda campaigns in East Germany, based mainly on information from East German informants, to expose illegal actions, breaches of justice, and acts of inhumanity committed and tolerated by authorities in East Germany. An outgrowth of the UfJ-sponsored International Congress of Jurists in Berlin (1952) was the establishment of the International Commission of Jurists in The Hague, which was supported by CIA under Project QKFEARFUL. CADROIT also included CADROWN (1952-55), a paramilitary organization established in East Germany for wartime use. Helmut QKFEARFUL Casemir associated with Project CADROIT. QKFENCE LCPROWL Project Team at Station in Germany. QKFLOWAGE US Information Communications Agency (ICA).

TPTONIC (formerly QKIVORY) refers to National Committee for a Free Europe QKIVORY (NCFE) and its subcommittees. Vilis Janums associated with TPTONIC. QKJOLLIER US Army Military Intelligence Division. Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (DSZ), German Soldiers Newspaper. See QKNAGNAG KMMANLY.

47 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition BGCONVOY (formerly QKSTAIR) (1950-55) was the basic political and psychological (PP) and paramilitary (PM) program against Bulgaria with the objective of conducting psychological warfare (PW) operations against the Bulgarian regime and establishing in the country resistance organizations capable of PM activity of various types. BGCONVOY also provided for the development and exploitation of the Principal Agent, Ivan Docheff, who was leader of the Bulgarian National Front, and the newspaper published by the QKSTAIR group.

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Term Definition

AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet émigré organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as long- term hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for RADIO Operation propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. RADISH Cryptonym for Leonid Tschoudnowsky. AECAMBISTA-2, CAMBISTA-2 (cryptonyms). Simeon MINSKY (pseudonym). BNR's Operations Chief and BNR's interim delegate to AMCOMLIB. Ragula, Major Boris Associated with Project AEQUOR.

Ranica (The Morning) was a pro-Nazi Byelorussian newspaper sponsored by the Oestministerium (German Ministry for the Eastern Occupied Territories). Ranica During 1944-45, Stanislaw Stankiewicz was editor of Ranica. RANKE Gehlen Organization alias for Rudolf Oebsger-Roeder. AEPOLE-5 (cryptonym). Everett M. GHORMLEY (pseudonym). Associated Rastikis, Stasys with Project AEPOLE. V-58 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Fritz ROEMER (Gehlen Organization Rauch, Fritz alias). Operations involving the illegal return of defectors and emigres to USSR as REDBIRD agents. REDBLOCK CIA Soviet Division. REDCAP (1951-65) was the planned collection of information on Soviet personnel stationed abroad for the purpose of operational exploitation, including REDCAP defection inducement. Sergie Shebalin associated with Project. REDCOAT CIA Soviet Division. REDLEG CIA Soviet Division. Operations involving legal methods of placing, recruiting, and communicating REDSKIN with agents within the USSR. Operations involving the illegal return of defectors and emigres to USSR as REDSOX agents. REDTOP CIA Soviet Division. REDWOOD Action indicator for information for CIA Soviet Division. Returnee Exploitation Group (REG), the reception, exploitation, and resettlement of German and Austrian scientists and technicians who have REG returned from work in the USSR. TPENTITLE (cryptonym). Regen, Erwin CAISSON-10 (cryptonym). Reichert, Kurt CALESA-1, POMONA (OSS/SSU cryptonyms).

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Term Definition

UJDRYROT (cryptonym for Oskar Reihle during the time that Heinz Felfe and Hans Clemens (both arrested for espionage in 1961) were under investigation as alleged KGB penetrations of Gehlen/BND. Reihle was associated with Felfe Reihle, Oskar and Clemens). RISCHKE (Gehlen Organization alias). Reiser, Heinrich Josef V-2629 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Reiss, Arthur Arthur REITER (Gehlen Organization alias). REITER, Arthur Gehlen Organization alias for Arthur Reiss. Radio Free Europe (RFE). Ladislav Niznansky (Czech desk) and Assen RFE Tzankoff (RFE Paris) associated with Project. RICHTER, Albert Gehlen Organization alias for Andreas Haderlein. CAMUSO-1, JG-5394 (cryptonyms). Igor A. FELDMAN (pseudonym). Riekstins, Alfreds Associated with Project AECOB/ZRLYNCH. RINGWALD-1 Cryptonym for Karl Geist. RISCHKE Gehlen Organization alias for Oskar Reihle. RNMELLATE Cryptonym (1957) for Adolf Heusinger. RNMOOSEY Cryptonyms for Alarich Bross. RNPILLOW Cryptonym for Arturs Brombergs. RNSPLUNT Cryptonym for Wilhelm Classen. ROBOT Cryptonym for Josef Mueller. ROEMER, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Rauch. ROESSELSPRUNG Gehlen Organization purchase of "garbage" from Josef Urban. ROHR Gehlen Organization alias for Luigi Parilli. ROPP Gehlen Organization alias for Rudolf Oebsger-Roeder. ROSELLO, Fiol Bartolome Alias for Franz Rademacher. ROSSON, Daniel K. Pseudonym for Arno Scholz. Roth, Georg V-14410 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). RSHA Reich Main Security Office (RSHA). RTACTION Cryptonym for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Rudko, Michael AEBOLSTER-1, JG-5809, PL-489 (cryptonyms). Rues, Hans KIBITZ-16 (cryptonym). Associated with KIBITZ Project. RUHLAND, Albert Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Pretzell. Rungis, Peteris AECOB-5 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AECOB/ZRLYNCH.

Rupners, ILmars AECOB-4 (cryptonym). PETERIS (alias). Associated with Project AECOB. RUSTY Gehlen Organization. RVROCK Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). RYBAT Cable indicator for sensitivity of information. SAENGER, Heinrich Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sommer. CAUTERY-2 (cryptonym). Associated with CAUTERY Project. CABANJO Saevecke, Theo (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at the BKA). V-5850 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans FRANKE, Hermann Sander, Hans BORCHERS (Gehlen Organization aliases). SARAZEN OSS Cryptonym for Zsolt Aradi. SARTORIUS, Friedrich Von Rote Kapelle alias for Friedrich Berger. SATURN (1949-61) was Gehlen Organization's (and later BND's) staybehind program for East/West Germany, and included UJLENTIL (STORCH, AFU Program, FOX, WIESEL) and NADELWALD/UJKEVEL. SATURN referenced SATURN in KIBITZ file. SAUER, Herbert Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sommer. SAVOY Cryptonym (late 1940s) for Hans Kemritz. SCHADE, Walter Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kainz. SCHAEFFER, Dr. Emmerich Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek.

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Term Definition SCHAUTH, Heinz Gehlen Organization alias for Heinz Anders. Scheidt, Hans GORDON (Gehlen Organization alias). MALT (OSS/SSU Cryptonym). HELLER (OSS/SSU alias). AVOCET, CANDIDA (CIA cryptonyms). V-67 (formerly V-91) (Gehlen Organization V- Schmalschlager, Heinz Number). SCHMIDT Gehlen Organization alias for Hermann Bickler. Schmidt, Guenther Associated with LCCASSOCK Project. V-7501 (Gehlen Organization V-Nymber). SYDOW (Gehlen Organization Schmidt, Martin alias). Schmitz, Hans Dr. SCHNEIDERHAN (Gehlen Organization alias). SCHNEIDER, Dr. Alias for Reinhard Gehlen. SCHNEIDERHAN, Dr. Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Schmitz.

GRAM (Gehlen Organization alias). Fall MONOGRAM (German cryptonym, German double agent case against the Czechs). PEPPERMILL (CIA Schoebel, Hans Erich cryptonym, German double agent case against the Czechs). CAMLET-1 (cryptonym). Daniel K. ROSSON (pseudonym). Associated with Scholz, Arno Project TPOASIS. V-7627 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinz BAUER, Dr. MABUSE (Gehlen Organization aliases). CABOLT (CIA cryptonym when he was Liaison Schreieder, Joseph Contact at LfV). SCHREITER, Dr. Gehlen Organization alias for Emmerich Offczarek. CAVATA-16, CAWHISPER-16 (cryptonyms when he was Liaison Contact at Schruebbers, Hubert the BfV). SCHUBERT, Hans Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Carl Schumacher. V-2978 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). SCHUSTER (Gehlen Organization Schuetz, Carl alias).

EE-4 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his EE Net (Catholic Schulmeister, Otto Church Connections) in Austria) . GRANOLITE-10, GRCAMERA (cryptonyms). V-7025 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Hans SCHUBERT (Gehlen Schumacher, Hans Carl Organization alias). SCHUSTER Gehlen Organization alias for Carl Schuetz. Schwarting, Christian JG-6628 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL Apparat. Schwarzwaeller, Ernst V-2952 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Schwend, Fritz FLUSH (OSS cryptonym). CAMERA (OSS/SSU cryptonym). CAFILA (cryptonym). Gerhard Von Schwerin was Konrad Adenauer's military Schwerin, Gerhard Von advisor. CAFIGHT-2, CAHELM-1, CASUSTAIN-5 (cryptonyms). Associated with Seebode, Hans Waldemar CAFIGHT, CAHELM, CASUSTAIN Projects. Seibold, Fritz V-2730 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). SEIDEMANN, Otmar Gehlen Organization alias for Otto Somann. SENNER, Heinrich Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Sommer. SGCIDER Germany. SGHOLDEN Munich Headquarters. SGSWIRL Polygraph test. CATARATA, CACHINO-4, GRALLSPICE (cryptonyms). Rostislav ANTONOV Shebalin, Sergie (pseudonym). Associated with Project REDCAP.

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Term Definition QKBROIL (1951-54), which was superceded by Project SHELLFIRE in 1954, was a program to encourage the Rumanian people to resist communism; to establish a clandestine underground in Rumania to hamper Soviet/satellite military operations and to serve as a nucleus for wartime resistance; to undermine the political, economic, and military structure of communist Rumania; to develop a political center (part of NCFE) called the Rumanian National Refugee Organization as cover for overt activities and a covert operational support arm for OPC operations. Nicolae Radescu associated with SHELLFIRE Project. POJACKPOT-1 and PODAM (cryptonyms). Associated with KMCASHIER Shoriki, Matsutaro Project. Shqiperia A newspaper published by the National Committee for Free Albania.

Cryptonym for National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS)), which reportedly was founded in the 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. The NTS rebuilt itself on purely anti-Communist grounds in 1945. After the war, SHUBA-100 the NTS has its own newspaper "Possev." See AESAURUS, QKDROOP. SI OSS Secret Intelligence Branch. Silberberg, Otto Anton BELVEDERE-6B (cryptonym). SILL, Dr. Gehlen Organization alias for Wolfgang Steinbichl. Sima, Horia FALLIBLE (cryptonym). Sivers, Erich Von Considered for possible use on DTLINEN Project. Skaistlauks, ILgvars Considered for possible use on Project AECHAMP. Skurin, Captain FNU PREGNANT (cryptonym). SLOTH OSS/SSU/CIG/CIA cryptonym for Georg Gerebkov. Slymakovsky, Volodymyr Bohdan AECAPELIN-2, CAPELIN-2 (cryptonyms). SMABET Canadian Department of External Affairs. SMABLE Royal Canadian Mounted Police. SMABOVE Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Security and Intelligence. SMADD Canada. SMEDDUM British Liaison Office. SMOOTHER British Military Intelligence. SMOTH British Intelligence Service (BIS). SMYOPIA British Intelligence Service (BIS). V-2950 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Otmar LANGE, Otmar SEIDEMANN Somann, Hans (Gehlen Organization aliases). V-2857 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Heinrich SAENGER, Herbert Sommer, Hans SAUER, Heinrich SENNER (Gehlen Organization aliases). Council of Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, an anticommunist front formed SONR in Europe in 1951. NOSTRIL (cryptonym). George A. BALLACH (alias). Kenneth W. DESNEW (pseudonym). Associated with AEACRE, AEASTER, AEDEPOT (formerly Soobzokov, Tscherim AEREADY) Projects. Spade, Juris Considered for possible use on Project AEBLOSSOM.

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Term Definition

AESAURUS / AENOBLE (initially AEROSOL, renamed AEGIDEON / AENOBLE in 1958) operation (1950-61) maintained communications with agents of the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno Trudovoi Soyuz or NTS (CABOCHE-1, PDGIDEON, SHUBA-100)). NTS was founded in 1930s by Russian emigres with extreme rightest and anti-Semitic views and collaborated closely with the Nazis in Russia, providing local administrators, propagandists, and informants. NTS rebuilt itself in 1945 as an anti-Soviet émigré organization inside the USSR and with its own newspaper "Possev." This project sought the development and exploitation of NTS agents as long- term hot war assets and as sources of operational positive and psychological intelligence. The Project included Operation CARCASS, training/dispatch into USSR of agents to organize resistance groups and collect FI; Operation SPAIN to establish NTS groups in US zone/Germany and Austria against Soviet occupation forces through propaganda, defection, resistance, and collecting FI; Operation RADIO to establish a mobile covert radio operated by NTS for SPAIN Operation propaganda into East Zone. See also QKDROOP. West German Social Democratic Party (SPD). CABAKER, QKELUSION SPD (cryptonyms). CANZONET, TARBABY (cryptonyms). Used by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1945 on their investigation of the RSHA (Reich Main Security Spitz, George Office) Financial Operation. Srb, George CAMEL (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Otto Probst as a member of his SS Net SS-3 (Socialist Party Net) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Ferdinand Linhart as a member of his SS SS-5 Net (Socialist Party Net) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Rupert Zechtl as a member of his SS Net SS-8 (Socialist Party Net) in Austria.

Stankevics, Arturs AECOB-3 (cryptonym). OSKARS (alias). Associated with Project AECOB.

AECAMBISTA-17, CAMBISTA-17 (cryptonyms). Associated with AEQUOR Stankiewicz, Stanislaw and BGCALLUS/QKACTIVE Projects. See also Oestministerium, Ranica. Starke, Werner Werner STAHL (Gehlen Organization alias). STBRANT-1 Cryptonym for Tatsuo Aso.

Steinbichl, Wolfgang V-92 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Dr. SILL (Gehlen Organization alias). STENEOPHYE Audio installation. Stetsko, Yaroslav AECAVATINA-2, CAVATINA-2 (cryptonyms). STEVENS, Malcolm W. Pseudonym for Zsolt Aradi. Stigler, Josef A-287 (cryptonym). EDER (alias). Associated with Project UJKEVEL. Stiglics, Roberts ALLEYCAT-14 (cryptonym). STMURAL-1 Cryptonym for Hans Koenen.

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Term Definition STORCH/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's West German foreign STORCH intelligence staybehind observer/reporter teams. Strecker, Werner Considered for possible use on Project KMMANLY.

Strempel, Herbert Von HIAWATHA (cryptonym). Considered for possible use on Project ALCATRAZ. Streubing, Johannes Hans STAHLMANN (BfV alias). Monthly journal published by QRPLUMB's Munich Office, the Ukrainian Society Suchasnist for Foreign Studies. Suess, Karl GUMDROP (OSS/SSU cryptonym). Operation SUNRISE refers to the negotiations and surrender of German forces in northern Italy carried out by OSS/Bern (Allen Dulles) prior to the collapse of the Third Reich. The surrender shortened the war in Italy and reportedly saved SUNRISE countless lives. Supper, Adolf V-20798 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). SVDUAL American or United States (not US Government). AECOB-7 (cryptonym). Associated with AECOB Project. VALDEMAR, Sveics, Vidvuds JANSONS (Cryptonyms while working for Swedes). SVMACE CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). SSU SYBILLE Project provided information on émigré groups. Ivan Docheff was head of the Bulgarian Section, which was a network in Bad Gasten with possible agents and communication lines into Bulgaria. Georg Meyer was also associated with Project SYBILLE and provided information on Russian emigre SYBILLE groups. SYDOW Gehlen Organization alias for Martin Schmidt.

Project SYMPHONY (1946-47) was an OSS/SSU project to use the influx of Jewish refugees into Austria from Rumania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland managed by the Jewish Agency for Palestine (JAFP) in Austria (active beginning 1944 with mission of organizing and facilitating Jewish emigration to Palestine) and the Bricha (an unofficial Jewish organization active post-war that established illegal routes and guided illegal transports through Europe) for sources of CI information, to identify communists/Soviet agents among the refugees, and to gain information about the JAFP intelligence service. Asher Ben-Nathan (aka Arthur PIER), who was head of JAFP in Austria, was the chief SYMPHONY agent (CONDUCTOR). Erich Wender (LILAC) associated with Project. Plan TAKEMATSU (1940s/50s) was the operational plan of US Army G-2 Far East Command in clandestine operations within Japan/peripheral areas using former Japanese intelligence personnel. Seizo Arisue, Torashiro Kawabe TAKEMATSU associated with this plan. CC-3 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his CC Net in Tann, Inge Von Der Austria). TARBABY Cryptonym for George Spitz. Tatsumi, Eiichi POLESTAR-5 (cryptonym). TEJA BND cryptonym for Heinz Pannwitz. Tellkamp, Eberhard JG-7653 (cryptonym). Associated with LCPROWL/Apparat Project. The Asia Foundation undertook programs via private institutions in Asia to counteract the spread and appeal of communism. DTPILLAR (cryptonym). The Asia Foundation Karl Herczeg associated with Project. THROTTLER-1 Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi. THROWOFF-2 Cryptonym for Ahmet Kabashi. THROWOFF-3 Cryptonym for Destan Berisha. THROWOFF-4 Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi. THUNDERCLAP-5 Cryptonym for Shaqir Kabashi.

54 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition Technical Intelligence Branch (TIB), which was the US Army European TIB Command's designator for the Gehlen Organization (1945-49). TIBETAN-6 Cryptonym for Edvins Ozolins. TIEBARS Swedish Defense Staff. TILBURY Swedish intelligence organization. TILBURY-1 Cryptonym for Andrejs Apsits. TILESTONE (1946-48) involved missions into Soviet occupied Baltic States. TILESTONE Stasys Zymantas-Zakevicius associated with Project. Till, Heinz Considered for possible use on Project CATADPOLE. TIRRALIRRA Cryptonym for Stasys Zymantas-Zakevicius. TLBRANT Cryptonym for Tatsuo Aso. Toennies, Karl Considered for possible use on Project QKACTIVE. TOEXCEL CIA Europe Division agent training.

Kurt Ponger-Otto Verber Espionage Case. Ponger, a U.S. Army officer during WWII, interrogated war crimes suspects and witnesses at Nuremberg after the war. In 1949, he was recruited by Soviets and he recruited Verber, who was also a U.S. Army officer during WWII. In 1953, Ponger and Verber were TOPHOLE arrested by U.S. military authorities and convicted of espionage. TPAPLUCK Staybehind activities training and recruitment.

55 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition

TPMURILLO (1964-74) provided personnel to conduct research on the Soviet Union based on information in overt sources with special emphasis on Soviet TPMURILLO services, personnel, and operations. Aleks Kurgvel associated with Project. TPOASIS (1949-54) subsidized the production and East Zone distribution of two special weekly editions of Der Telegraf. Arno Scholz associated with TPOASIS Project. TPSTALL Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to moitor PRC state TPTERRY technology.

TPTONIC (formerly QKIVORY) refers to National Committee for a Free Europe TPTONIC (NCFE) and its subcommittees. Vilis Janums associated with TPTONIC. TQHIGHROAD Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). TRAJAN Cryptonym for Jon Margarit. TRAUBE, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Dorn. JG-6732, CABALLETA-2 (cryptonyms). Associated with Projects DTRAPID Treuhoff, Sven-Gunner and JBEDICT.

BELLADONNA involved collection of foreign intelligence on USSR and TRIDENT involved collection of counterintelligence on USSR through Ukrainian emigre activities and personalities (1946-48). Ivan Hrinioch, Michael Korzhan, TRIDENT Mykola Lebed, Yury Lopatinsky, Myron Matviyeyko associated with Projects. Considered for possible use on ZODIAC recruiting operation. Associated with Gehlen Organization Operation HENNE. V9134.2 (Gehlen Organization V- Triska, Helmut Number). TROY OSS/SSU cryptonym for Josef Kuznetsov. Tschoudnowsky, Leonid CAMPHOR, RADISH (OSS/SSU cryptonyms). GRBEAVER (cryptonym). Considered for possible use on Project Tschurtscenthaler, Hans GRCROOND. Central Association of Post-War Emigres (TsOPE) located in Munich. See TsOPE AEVIRGIL. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Wolfram Bitschnau as a member of his TT-1 TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Wilhelm Dietrich as a member of his TT TT-2 Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Leopold Voller as a member of his TT Net TT-5 (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Karl Von Winkler as a member of his TT TT-6 Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria. AECAMBISTA-16, CAMBISTA-16 (cryptonyms). Frederick K. VONEL Tumash, Vitaut (pseudonym). Associated with Project AEQUOR. AECASSOWARY-60, QRDYNAMIC-60 (cryptonyms). Clerical employee in Tymewycz, Roman Branch Office of Project AERODYNAMIC. Tzankoff, Assen Associated with Radio Free Europe (RFE) in Paris. UB Polish Intelligence Service. UHVR Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). FJDRAFT (cryptonym). Cryptonym for Kurt Behnke during German investigation of him as a suspect MfS or Soviet agent during 1954-59. Behnke was also known to Heinz Felfe, who was a KGB penetration of Gehlen/BND for 10 years until his arrest in UJDOWN 1961. UJDRACO Gehlen Organization visits to the United States.

56 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition UJDREADFUL Cryptonym for Ernst Worm. UJDRIFTER Cryptonym for Jon Margarit. UJDRIZZLY West German investigations of the Rote Kapelle.

UJDROLLERY Gehlen Organization counterintelligence/counterespionage (CI/CE) projects. UJDROSHKY Gehlen Organization program to polygraph its personnel. UJDROVER Soviet Embassy in East Germany. UJDROWSY Cryptonym for Heinz Felfe. CIA cryptonym when the Germans ran him as a double agent against the KGB UJDRUG in Fall PANOPTIKUM. UJDRUID Cryptonym for Constantine Papanace. UJDRUM Cryptonym for Hans Clemens.

Cryptonym for Oskar Reihle during the time that Heinz Felfe and Hans Clemens (both arrested for espionage in 1961) were under investigation as alleged KGB UJDRYROT penetrations of Gehlen/BND. Reihle was associated with Felfe and Clemens. UJDUCAT-4 Cryptonym for Ulrich Kayser-Eichberg. UJDUSK West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND).

NADELWALD/UJKEVEL refers to the SATURN Program's West German UJKEVEL escape and evasion teams. Josef Stigler associated with UJKEVEL Project.

UJLENTIL SATURN Program's STORCH, AFU Program, FOX, and WIESEL programs. CIA Cryptonym for Friedrich Panzinger when the Germans were running him as UJNUTLET a double agent against the Soviets. UJRANDOM Cable Indicator for BND investigations. UJVAULT Cable indicator for BND requests for name checks. ULMANN Gehlen Organization alias for Kazys Gimzauskas. Umpfenbach, Georg CAECTOMY-18, CATADPOLE-1, CABATON-46 (cryptonyms).

57 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition V-13690 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). BEFINAL-103 (CIA cryptonym while monitoring his peddling of fabricated intelligence reports). See Urban, Josef ROESSELSPRUNG and DILLINGER. URBANEK, Franz Gehlen Organization alias for Erwin Jansen. URMOTHER Clandestine Cold War Activities. URSU Gehlen Organization alias for Vasile Mailat. US Agency for International Development ODWIFE (cryptonym). US Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (USAF/OSI). KMJUNKMAN, US Air Force OSI LNEASE (cryptonyms). US Army DYMAGPIE, LNGLUE, LNREAD, ODIBEX (cryptonyms). US Army Counterintelligence Corps (US Army CIC or CIC). BGHABIT, US Army CIC DYMACULE, LNWILT, ODOPAL (cryptonym). US Army Europe HTMANDOLA (cryptonym). US Army Military Intelligence Division QKJOLLIER (cryptonym). US Department of Commerce LNDROP (cryptonym). US Department of Justice LNTONE (cryptonym). US Department of Navy DYMADNESS, LNTUCK, ZASEESAW (cryptonyms). DYMAROON, LNGOLD, NVABROAD, NVGIFT, NVIDEA, ODACID, ZASEAL US Department of State (cryptonyms). US Department of the Air Force LNLEVY US Department of Treasury LNVENT (cryptonym).

US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) LNTUBA (cryptonym). US Embassy, Legation, Consulate LNCUFF, LNFALL, NVENGRAM (cryptonym). US Embassy, Vienna GROWER (cryptonym). US Federal Bureau of Investigation DYMACACO, LNERGO, NVCANOPY (cryptonyms).

US Government LNBUZZ, LNFORT, LNLUTE, NVBLAZON, ODYOKE, QKCIGAR (cryptonyms). US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). LNYUMA, ODURGE US Immigration and Naturalization Service (cryptonyms). US Information Communications Agency LNYATE (cryptonym). US National Security Council ODAPSE (cryptonym). US Secret Service LNBEET (cryptonym). USAEUR US Army Europe (USAEUR). HTMANDOLA (cryptonym). USAF US Air Force (USAF). LNCAST, LNPACK (cryptonyms). USAGE Cryptonym for Otto Von Bolschwing.

The Ustasha was a Croatian organization put in charge of the Independent state of Croatia by the Axis powers in 1941. The Ustasha, which followed Nazi policies, sought to exterminate all Serbs, Jews, Gypsies, and others who USTASHA opposed them, and was responsible for massacres and other atrocities. UTILITY Cryptonym for Reinhard Gehlen. V-10721 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Werner Krassowsky.

58 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition V-11364 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Murat Ferid. V-1150 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Friedrich Panzinger. V-11540 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Vaeth. V-11718 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Emil Duplitzer. V-11728 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Rudolf Oebsger-Roeder. V-11760 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Handrack. V-11881 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Michael Kedia. V-12024 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Domes. V-12041 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Merk. V-12643 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Wellhoener. V-12899 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Eberhard Non Nostitz. V-13600 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Josef Didinger. V-13611 (formerly V9460.9) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Michael V-13611 Korzhan. V-13690 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Josef Urban. V-14011 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Vollmer. V-14105 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Vogel. V-14125 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Horst Koerner. V-14401 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Ledwinke. V-14410 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Georg Roth. V-14411 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Gyorgy Kollenyi. V-14415 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Friedrich Frank. V-14801 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Kainz. V-14802 (formerly V-19331) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Bruno V-14802 Klaus. V-15050 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Vasile Mailat. V-15769 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Kroeger. V-15775 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kazys Gimzauskas. V-16131 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Franz Karmasin. V-1721 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Franz Mueller. V-17562 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Gyorgy Kollenyi. V-18526 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Juergen Von Hehn. V-14802 (formerly V-19331) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Bruno V-19331 Klaus. V-2026 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Heinrich Lienhard. V-20798 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Adolf Supper. V-21511 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Guenther Woest. V-21554 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Wildner. V-22352 (formerly V-7038) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Konrad V-22352 Fiebig. V-2327 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Froehlich. V-23411 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Alfred Metzner. V-2354 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Werner Finsterer. V-2600 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ludwig Albert. V-2616 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Helmut Ohlbrecht. V-2620 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Heidschuch. V-2629 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Heinrich Josef Reiser. V-2665 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Clemens. V-2665.2 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Gustav Erdmann. V-2665.5 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Baltrusch. V-2713 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Herbert Boehrsch. V-2730 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Seibold. V-2777 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Zenger.

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Term Definition V-2835 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Willy Heinrich Friede. V-2837 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Otten. V-2857 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Sommer. V-2881 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Arlt. V-2907 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Emil Augsburg. V-2950 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Otto Somann. V-2951 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Cornelius Van Der Horst. V-2952 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Schwarzwaeller. V-2954 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Arwed Flegel. V-2978 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Carl Schuetz. V-2982 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Friederich Busch. V-2996 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Wolfgang Hoeher. V-3002 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Alexander Dolezalek. V-3015 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Adolf Puchta. V-3080 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Moritz. V-3348 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Geipel. V-3376 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Dorn. V-3399 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Guenter Hans Bernau. V-3595 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ebrulf Zuber. V-3597 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Worm. V-4985 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Andreas Biederbick. V-5300 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Heinrich Von Mast. V-5450 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Kurt Knoll. V-58 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Fritz Rauch. V-5850 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Sander. V-615 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Makowski. V-616 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Deppner. V-6628 (formerly V-6606) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Wilhelm V-6606 Dietrich. V-6628 (formerly V-6606) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Wilhelm V-6628 Dietrich. V-67 (formerly V-91) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Heinz V-67 Schmalschlager. V-6732 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Anton Boehm (prior to 1950). V-7025 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Carl Schumacher. V-22352 (formerly V-7038) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Konrad V-7038 Fiebig. V-7041 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ernst Helfsgott. V-7043 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Unglaube. V-7048 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Siegfried Nickel. V-7500 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Emmerich Offczarek. V-7501 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Martin Schmidt. V-7627 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Joseph Schreieder. V-7630 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Kurreck. V-7902 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Erich Olbrueck. V-7915 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ludwig Pfahls. V-8833 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Karl Joseph Feist. V-8838 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Wilhelm Krichbaum. V-8864 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Ludwig Wolff. V-67 (formerly V-91) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Heinz V-91 Schmalschlager. V-9107 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Hans Bauer. V-9112 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Andreas Haderlein.

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Term Definition V-9134.2 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Helmut Triska. V-9136.8 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Christian Zarp. V-92 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Wolfgang Steinbichl. V-9245 Gehlen Organization V-Number for Walter Lueth. V-13611 (formerly V9460.9) were Gehlen Organization V-Numbers for Michael V-9460.9 Korzhan. Vaeth, Walter V-11540 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). VALDEMAR Cryptonym for Vidvuds Sveics while working for the Swedes. VALUABLE British program in Albania. See also OBOPUS/BGFIEND.

VENUS, a cryptonym for Ferenc Kozma, also refers to the VENUS operation, a double agent operation initially begun in 1949 by the Belgians to penetrate right- VENUS wing Hungarian émigré organizations. Ferenc Kozma associated with Project. CAMBIO-0, CAUTERY-16 (cryptonyms). Associated with Project CAMBIO, Vettermann, Horst Paul CAUTERY. Viksna, Voldis AECOB-1 (cryptonym). Associated with Project AECOB.

Supreme Committee for Lithuanian Liberation (VLIK) was formed in Lithuania in 1943 to set up a nationwide network of organizations that would resist the VLIK German occupation and attempts to form an SS Legion in Lithuania. VLKIVA CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). LCHARVEST (TPFAST, TPTERRY, VLVIGOR) involved operations against Peoples Republic of China (PRC) scientists and efforts to moitor PRC state VLVIGOR technology. Vogel, Erich V-14105 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). JG-2633 (cryptonym). Merrit C. CRASKE (alias). Associated with the League Vogt, Helmut of German Youth (BDJ) of Project LCPROWL. Voice of America (VOA) JBCREOLE (cryptonym). TT-5 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). Franz KAUFMANN, Leopold WALTER Voller, Leopold (aliases). Vollmer, Walter V-14011 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). VONEL, Frederick K. Pseudonym for Vitaut Tumash. Voss, Klavoli ANT (OSS/SSU cryptonym). VULTURE KIBITZ staybehind program burial/caching of W/T equipment. Wachi, Tsunezo POAIM-12 (cryptonym). WAGNER, Kurt Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Kurreck. WAKILD, Donald R. Alias for Constantine Mierlak. WALTER, Leopold Alias for Leopold Voller.

GARBO is cryptonym for American War Refugee Board, which was established in 1944 by President Roosevelt to "rescue endangered refugees in every area of the world" and initiated its activities in Stockholm. The Board funded Raoul Wallenberg's assignment in wartime Budapest (1944-45) to protect Hungarian War Refugee Board Jews from Nazi persecution and deportation. Washington, DC ZRMETAL (cryptonym).

WASt Wehrmachts Abwehr Stelle (WASt). German armed forces personnel records. WEBER Gehlen Organization alias for Ernst Worm. WEBER, Ludwig Gehlen Organization alias for Ludwig Wolff. Wehr Wissenschaftliche Rundschau Wehr Wissenschaftliche Rundschau (WWR), under Project KMMANLY, was a (WWR) Military Science Journal. WEIGAND, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Finsterer.

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Term Definition CAMISADE (formerly FORD) (OSS/SSU/CIG cryptonyms). CARDIFF (alias Weinert, Joachim when he was agent for NKVD officer Captain FNU Skurin). Weinsberg, Willi Associated with LCPROWL Project. Weiss, Kurt WINTERSTEIN (Gehlen Organization alias). V-12643 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Karl WOGE (Gehlen Organization Wellhoener, Karl alias). Wender, Erich LILAC (cryptonym). Associated with Project SYMPHONY. WENDT, HOLM (Gehlen Organization aliases). Major General Horst Wendland, Major General Horst Wendland was Reinhard Gehlen's Deputy at the BND. WENDT Gehlen Organization alias for Major General Horst Wendland. Wenger, Erich CAVATA-17 (cryptonym when he was Liaison Contact at BfV). WERNER Gehlen Organization alias for Fritz Arlt. West German Federal Government HBGROPING, MHBRUSH, UPGROWTH (cryptonyms). WIESEL/UJLENTIL refers to SATURN Program's West German caching program (neutral W/T, operational aids, barter material, hard-rations, and WIESEL medical supply caches). Wildner, Karl V-21554 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). WILDORF, Daniel Gehlen Organization alias for Walter Domes. WILKE, Dr. Karl Gehlen Organization alias for Karl Joseph Feist. WINKLER Gehlen Organization alias for Hermann Bickler. TT-6 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his TT Net (Vorarlberg Winkler, Karl Von Security Directorate Unit) in Austria). WINTERSTEIN Gehlen Organization alias for Kurt Weiss. WINTERSTEIN, Werner Gehlen Organization alias for Werner Finsterer. CAMOMILE (OSS/SSU cryptonym). HERRING (OSS/SSU alias). Considered Wirsich, Kuno for possible use by OSS on Project ALCATRAZ. CC-12 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his CC Net in Wirth, Josef Hermann Austria). Wirth, Ulrich BARLEY, CANNABIN (OSS/SSU cryptonyms).

Wischmann, Guenther CAPELLA (OSS/SSU cryptonym when he was an agent of Fritz Schwend). WKORANGE-62 Cryptonym for Harry Mannil. WNINTEL Warning Intelligence Sources and Methods. WOACRE CIA Technical Services Division. WOBONE CIA Office of Security. WOBUOY CIA Division D. WOCORK American or United States, but not US Government. WODUAL American or United States, but not US Government. WOECRU CIA Office of Central Reference (OCR). Woellner, Eduard KIBITZ-17 (cryptonym). Associated with Project KIBITZ. V-21511 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). HAENDLER (Gehlen Organization Woest, Guenther alias). WOFACT Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). WOFIRM Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). WOGE, Karl Gehlen Organization alias for Karl Wellhoener. WOGEAR CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA). WOHIVE Office of Strategic Services (OSS). WOHORN CIA Office of National Estimates (ONE). WOLADY American or United States, but not US Government. WOLENS CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff. WOLF, Erich Gehlen Organization alias for Hans Bauer. V-8864 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ludwig WEBER (Gehlen Wolff, Ludwig Organization alias).

62 June 2007 Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts

Term Definition WOLIME Cable indicator for CIA International Activities Division. WOLOBE CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI). WOLOCK CIA Technical Services Division. WOMACE CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO). WOMUSE CIA Counterintelligence Center (CIC). V-3597 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). WEBER, PARKER (Gehlen Worm, Ernst Organization aliases). UJDREADFUL (cryptonym). WOROMP CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). WOYARD CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T). US Air Force center for refugee exploitation under the command of the 7050th WRINGER Air Intelligence Service Wing. WSCORNY Berlin. WSSIREN Psychological Warfare. WSSPEAR Political Warfare. WUNDER, Fritz Gehlen Organization alias for Franz Karmasin. X-2 OSS Counterespionage Branch. Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Josephus Zagon as a member of his XX XX-21 Net (Hungarian Catholic Group) in Austria.

Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for Erno Karoly Hebenstreit as a member of XX-61 his XX Net (Hungarian Catholic Group living in West) in Austria. ZACABAL Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). ZACABIN CIA Office of Special Operations (OSO). ZACACTUS CIA Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). ZACALICO CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI). ZACAMBRIC Office of Strategic Services (OSS). AEMARSH-1 (cryptonym). Herbert KALNINS (alias). Associated with Project Zagars, Herberts AEMARSH. XX-21 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his XX Net Zagon, Josephus (Hungarian Catholic Group) in Austria). Zarp, Christian V-9136.8 (Gehlen Organization V-Number) ZASEAL US Department of State. ZASEESAW US Department of Navy. Foreign Section of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Zch/OUN). AECAVATINA, CAVATINA (cryptonyms). After the war, Zch/OUN was headed Zch/OUN by Stefan Bandera. SS-8 (Otto Von Bolschwing's cryptonym for a member of his SS Net (Socialist Zechtl, Rupert Party Net) in Austria). Zenger, Karl V-2777 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). Ziegler, Viktor JG-8970 (cryptonym). Associated with Project KMHITHER-C. ZIGZAG OSS cryptonym for Heinz Karl Krull. ZIPPER Gehlen Organization. ZODIAC Operation aimed at the defection of East Bloc individuals while they were outside the Iron Curtain. Helmut Triska considered for possible use on ZODIAC this Project. Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (ZPUHVR). AECASSOWARY-1, CASSOWARY-1, FJGOODS, QRDYNAMIC- ZPUHVR 1 (cryptonyms). ZRCROWN British. ZRELOPE Training program for agents.

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Term Definition

AECOB, approved in 1950, was a vehicle for foreign intelligence (FI) operations into and within Soviet Latvia and involved infiltration and exfiltration of black agents and the recruitment of legally resident agents in the USSR, especially Latvia. ZRLYNCH was approved in 1950 for use of the Latvian Resistance Movement, which had been formed in 1944, as a vehicle for clandestine activities within the USSR. ZRLYNCH was renewed in 1952 as a part of AECOB, which then provided both FI and political and psychological (PP) activities. AECOB / ZRLYNCH PP project was terminated in 1955. AECOB FI project was terminated in 1959. Roberts Ancans, Andrejs Apsits, Nikolajs Balodis, Arturs Brombergs, Freds Launags, Edvins Ozolins, Janis Ozolins, Janis Presnikovs, Alfreds Riekstins, Peteris Rungis, ILmars Rupners, Arturs Stankevics, Vidvuds Sveics, Voldis Viksna associated with Project. Janis ZRLYNCH Ozols considered for possible use on Project. ZRMETAL Washington, DC. ZRNAUNTLE was a staybehind paramilitary project. Xhaver Deva, Ivan ZRNAUNTLE Docheff associated with this Project. ZRPENNY Activity to counter communist-sponsored world youth festival in Helsinki. V-3595 (Gehlen Organization V-Number). ACKERMAN (Gehlen Organization Zuber, Ebrulf alias). Zymantas-Zakevicius, Stasys TIRRALIRRA (cryptonym). Associated with Project TILESTONE.

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