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ABBOTT, Henry L. Problems of the Panama canal, New York, 1905. ACOSTA, Joaquin Compendio historico del descubrimiento y colonizacion de la Nueva Granada en el siglo decimo- sexto. Bogota, 1901. ACOSTA, Joseph de. Historia natural y moral de las Indias. Seuilla, 1590. AGUADO, Fray Pedro Recopilacion historica etc. Bogota, 1906. ALCEDO, Antonio de Diccionario Geografico-Historico de las Indias Occidentales 6 America. Madrid, 1786-9. 5 vols. ALCEDO y Herrera, Dionisio de Piraterias y agresiones de los Ingleses. Madrid, 1883. ANDAGOYA, Pascual de Relacion de los sucesos de Pedrarias Davila. In Navarrete, Col. de los Viages, tomo iii. ANDERSON, C. L. G. The White Man in the Tropics. Chi- cago, 1908. ANDRE, Jean Francois Roc-de-la-Roche, gouverneur de la Tortue, etc. Paris, 1812. ANGHIERA, Pietro Martire d' De orbe novo. Paris, 1587. ANSON, George A Voyage round the World. London, 1748. ANTONIO, Baptista A relation of the ports, harbours, forts and cities in the West Indies, in 1587. In Hakluyt voyages, etc. ARBER, Edward The first three English books on America. Edinburgh, 1885. ARCHENHOLTZ, Johann W. von Histoire des flibustiers. Paris, 1804. AROSEMENA, Justo Examen sobre la Franca comunicacion, Istmo de Panama. Bogota, 1846. AYRES, Philip The voyages and adventures of Capt. Barth, Sharp and others in the South Sea. London, 1684. BANCROFT, Hubert Howe History of Central America. San Francisco, 1882-7. 3 vols. BANCROFT, Hubert Howe Native Races of the Pacific States. New York, 1875. 5 vols.

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BARBOUR, James Samuel A history of William Paterson and the Darien company. Edinburgh, 1907. BARCIA, Andres Gonzalez de Historiadores Primitives de las Indias Occidentales. Madrid, 1749. 3 vols, folio. BARRANTES, Francisco M. Elementos de historia de Costa Rica. San Jose de Costa Rica, 1892-94. 2 vols. BARRETT, John Latin America, the land of opportunity. Washington, 1909. BARROW, John The life, voyages, and exploits of Admiral Sir Francis Drake. London, 1843, BELL, Eleanor Y. Republic of Panama. Smithsonian Report, 1909. BELLIN, Jacques N. Remarques sur la carte de 1'Amerique Septentrionale. Paris, 1755. BENZONI, Girolamo La Historia del mondo nvovo. Venetia, 1565- BIBLIOTECA de Autores Espanoles. Madrid, 1846-80. 71 vols. BIDWELL, Charles T. The Isthmus of Panama. London, 1865. BIGELOW, John The Panama Canal. New York, 1886. BINGHAM, Hiram Virginia letters on the Scots Darien colony, 1699. New York, 1905. BLACKWELL. Isaac A description of the province and bay of Darien, etc. Edinburgh, 1699. BONNYCASTLE, Richard H. Spanish America. Philadelphia, 1819. BORLAND, Francis The history of Darien. Glasgow, 1779. BOURNE, Edward S. Spain in America. New York, 1904. BRASSEUR de Bourbourg Histoire des nations civilizees des Mexique et de rAmerique Centrale. Paris, 1857-59. 4 vols. BUNAU-VARILLA, Philippe Panama: le passe, le present, 1' avenir. Paris, 1892. BURNEY, James History of the voyages and discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean. London, 1803-1817. 5 vols. BURTON, R. The English Heroe: or Sir Francis Drake re- vived. London, 1687. CAMDEN, William Annales, etc. London, 1625- CAMPBELL, John A concise history of Spanish America. Lon- don, 1741. CAMPBELL, John The Spanish empire in America. London, 1747-

Five hundred twenty BIBLIOGRAPHY

CANAL Record. A weekly journal of canal work. Ancon, Canal Zone, Sept. 4, 1907, ct seq. CAPPA, Ricardo Estudios criticos acerca de la dominacion espanola en America. Madrid, 1889-97. 19 vols. CARRANZA, Domingo G. A geographical description of the Spanish West Indies. London, 1740. CARRINGTON, John W. The passage of the isthmus. New York, 1849. CASTELLANOS, Juan de Elegias de varones ilustres de Indias. Madrid, 1850. CASTELLANOS, Juan de Historia del nuevo reino de Granada. Madrid, 1886. 2 vols. CASTILLA, Alonso Criado de Sumaria descripcion del Reyno de Tierra-Firme, llamado Castilla del Oro, 1575. In Col. de Doc. Ined. CHAMPLAIN, Samuel de Ouvres de Champlain. Quebec, 1870. 6 vols. CHANCA, Diego A. Letter of, 1494. Smithsonian Institu- tion, 1907. CHARLEVOIX, Francois Xavier de Histoire de 1'isle Espagnole ou de S. Domingue. Amsterdam, 1733. 4 vols. CHEVALIER, Michel L' isthme de Panama. Paris, 1844. CIEZA de Leon, Pedro de Travels of, from 1532-50. Hakluyt Soc. London, 1864. COCKBURN, John A journey over land from the Gulf of Hon- duras to the Great South-Sea. London, 1735. COLECCION de Documentos Ineditos relativos al descubrimiento conquista y colonizacion de las posesiones espanoles en America y Oceania, etc., bajo la direccion de los Sres. D. Joaquin F. Pacheco y D. Francisco de Cardenas, etc., y D. Luis Torres de Mendoza, etc. con la cooperacion de otras personas competentes. Madrid, 1864-84. 42 vols. COLLECTIONS of Voyages, Travels, and Discoveries by Churchill, Hacke, Harris, Kerr, Lafond, Pinkerton, and others. COLON, Fernando Historia del Almirante Don Cristobal Colon, etc. Madrid, 1892. COLON, Fernando La Historia de el Almirante D. Christoval Colon, su Padre. In Barcia, Historiadores primitivos. tomo i. COLUMBUS, Christopher Viages y Cartas. In Navarrete.

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COOPER, W. D. The History of South America. London, 1789. CORWINE, Amos B. The Panama Massacre. Panama, 1857. CROUCH, Nathaniel The English empire in America. Lon- don, 1692. CULLEN, Edward The isthmus of Darien ship canal. London, 1853. CURTIS, William E. The relics of Columbus. Washington, 1893. DAM PIER, William A new voyage round the world, 1698-1703. London. 2 vols. DARIEN, History of Caledonia. London, 1699

DARIEN. Information concernant 1' affaire de Darien. Paris, 1700. DARIEN. Scotland's present duty, etc. Edinburgh, 1700.

DARIEN Papers, The. Burton, J. H., editor. Edinburgh, 1849. DAVIS, Charles H. Report on interoceanic canals and rail- roads. Washington, 1867. DE BRY, Johanne & Theodore India Occidentalis. 12 vols. in 6 vols. 1590-1624. DESSALLES, Adrien Histoire generale des Antilles. 5 vols. Paris, 1847-48. DRAKE, Sir Francis Drake edited by S. W. Vaux. Hakluyt Society, No. 16. DRAKE, Sir Francis The World Encompassed by, collected from the notes of Master Francis Fletcher. London, 1652. DRAKE, Sir Francis Drake Reuiued: Calling upon this Dull or effeminate Age, to follow his Noble fteps for Gold and Siluer. By Philip Nichols Preacher. London, 1628.

DURO, Cesareo Fernandez Colon y Pinzon. Madrid, 1883. EDWARDS, Bryan The history of the British colonies in the West Indies. London, 1793-94. 2 vols. ESPINOSA, Caspar de Relacion, 1516. In Col. de Doc. Ined. EXQUEMELIN, Alexandre Olivier De Americaensche zee-roov- ers. Amsterdam, 1678. EXQUEMELIN, Alexandre Olivier The history of the Bucaniers of America. London, 1684.

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FABENS, Joseph W. A story of life on the Isthmus. New York, 1853. FERNANDEZ, Leon Documentos para la historia de Costa Rica. San Jose, 1882. FISKE, John Discovery of America. Boston, 1892. 2 vols. FoRBES-Lindsay Panama, the isthmus, and the canal. Phila- delphia, 1906. FORD, Isaac N. Tropical America. New York, 1893. FOYER, Archibald A defence of the Scots settlement at Darien. Edinburgh, 1709. FRESLE, Juan Rodriguez ConquLta i descubrimiento del Nuevo reino de Granada. Bogota, 1859. FROUDE, James A. The English in the West Indies. New York, 1888.

GAFFAREL, Paul L. J. Decouvertes des Portugais en Ameri- que. Paris, 1892. GAGE, Thomas A new survey of the West Indies. London, 1648. GALINDO Y VILLA, Jesus Recuerdos de ultramar. Mexico, 1894- GALVAO, Antonio The discoveries of the World. Hakluyt Soc. No. 30. GARELLA, Napoleon Projet d'un canal. Paris, 1845. GOETHALS, Geo. W. The Isthmian Canal. Washington, 1909. GOMARA, Francisco Lopez de La historia general delas Indias. En Anvers, 1554. GRIER, Thomas G. On the Canal Zone, Panama. Chicago, 1908- GRISWOLD, Chauncey D. The Isthmus of Panama. New York, 1852. HAKLUYT, Richard The principall navigations, voiages and discoveries of the English nation. London, 1789. HAKLUYT Society Publications. London, 1850 et seq. HALE, H. C. Notes on Panama. Washington, 1903. HARRIS, John Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca. London, 1764. 2 vols, folio. HARRISSE, Henry Christophe Colomb. Paris, 1884-85. 2 vols. HARRISSE, Henry The diplomatic history of America. Lon- don, 1897. HAZARD, Samuel Santo Domingo. New York, 1873.

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HEADLEY, J. T. Darien exploring expedition. Harper's Maga- zine, Vol X., 1855. HEARX, Lafcadio Two years in the French West Indies. New York, 1890. HELPS, Arthur The Spanish conquest in America. New York, 1900. 4 vols. HERRERA, (y Tordesillas), Antonio de Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales. Madrid, 1726. HERRERA (y Tordesillas), Antonio de Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas i Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano. Madrid, 1601-15. 4 vols. HODGE, Frederick W. Spanish explorers in the Southern United States. New York, 1907. HOLMES, W. H. Ancient Art of the province of Chiriqui. Washington, 1888. HUMBOLDT. Alexander von Examen Critique. Paris, 1836-9. 5 vols. IRVING, Washington The life and voyages of Christopher Columbus. New York, 1869. 3 vols. JEFFREYS, Thomas A description of the Spanish West Indies. London, 1762. JOHXSOX, W. F. Four centuries of the Panama canal. Xew York, 1906. JI'AX (y Sanctacilia), Jorge; y Ulloa, Antonio de Dissertacion historica, y geographica. Madrid, 1749. KEANE, Augustus H. Central and South America. London, 1878. 2 vols. KEASBEY, Lindley M. The Nicaragua canal and the Monroe doctrine. New York, 1896. KELLEY, Frederick M. On the junction of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, by the valley of the Atrato. London, 1856. KOHL, Johann Georg Collection of maps relating to America. LABAT. Jean B. Nouveau voyage aux iles de L'Amerique. La Haye, 1724. LA COXDAMINE, Charles M. de Journal du voyage fait par ordre du Roi, a 1'equateur. Paris, 1751. LAET, Joannes de L'histoire dv Nouveau Monde. A Leyde, 1640. LAS CASAS, Bartolome de Historia de las Indias. Madrid, 1875-76. 5 vols.

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LOBO, Miguel Historia general cle las antiguas colonias. Madrid, 1875. 3 vols. LUMMIS, Charles F. The Spanish pioneers. Chicago, 1893. LTSSAN, Raveneau de Journal du Voyage fait a la Mer du Sud avec les Flibustiers, 1684. Paris, 1693. MAJOR, R. H. The life of Prince Henry of Portugal. Lon- don, 1868. MANCHELA, F. P. De Madrid a Panama. Madrid, 1886. MARCEL, Gabriel Les corsairs francais au XVI. siecle dans les Antilles. Paris, 1902. MARTYR, Peter Decades of the Ocean, trans, by Richard Eden. MARTYR, Peter, (Anghiera Pietro Martire) Trans, by Eden De Orbe Novo or the Historic of the West Indies. London, 1612. MARTYR, Peter The Decades of the Newe Worlde. Trans, by Eden, Richard. London, 1555. MASEFIELD, John On the Spanish Main. London, 1906. MEDINA, Jose T. Biblioteca hispano-americana (1493-1810). Santiago de Chile, 1898-1902. 6 vols. MILLA, Jose [y Carrillo] Historia de la America Central. Guatemala, 1879-91. ' 4 vols. MINOT, George S. The history of Panama. Kingston, 1892. MONTANUS by Ogilby America, etc. London, 1671. folio. MORRIS, Mowbray Tales of the Spanish Main. New York, 1901. MUNOZ, Juan Bautista. Historia del Nuevo Mundo. Madrid, 1793. tomo i. NAVARRETE, Martin Fernandez de Coleccion de los Viages y Descnbrimientos que hicieron lo.s Espanoles desde fines del Siglo XV. Madrid, 1825-37. 5 vols. NELSON, Wolfred Five years at Panama. New York, 1889. N. N. GENT America: or an exact description of the West Indies. London, 1655. NUNEZ, R. and Jalhay, H. La Republique de Colombie. Bruxelles, 1893. OBER, Frederick A. Aborigines of the West Indies. Wor- cester, Mass., 1884. OLDMIXON, John The British empire in America. London, 1708. OPPENHEIMER, Franz Der Staat. Frankfurt, 1907.

Five hundred twenty -five BIBLIOGRAPHY

OTIS, Fessenden N. Isthmus of Panama. New York, 1867. OVIEDO y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de Historia General y Natural de las Indias, Islas, y Tierra-firme del Mar Oceano. Rios Edition. Madrid, 1851-1855. 4 vols. OVIEDO y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de La Historia General delas Indias. Seuilla, 1535. OVIEDO y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de Sumario de la Natural Historia de las Indias, 1527. PATERSON, William Central America. London, 1857. PAYNE, Edward J. History of the European Colonies. Lon- don, 1877. PAYNE, Edward J. Voyages of the Elizabethan Seamen. London, 1880. PEACOCK, George Notes on the Isthmus of Panama & Darien. Exeter, 1879. PERAI/TA, Manuel Maria de Costa Rica, Nicaragua, y Panama en el Siglo XVI. Madrid and Paris, 1883. PERAI/TA, Manuel Maria de Costa Rica y Colombia de 1573 a 1 88 1. Madrid, 1886. PIEDRAHITA, Lucas Fernandez de Historia general de las con- quistas del nuevo reyno de Granada. Amberes, 1688. PIM, Bedford C. T. Panama, Nicaragua, and Mosquito. London, 1869. PINART, A. L. Coleccion de linguistica y ethnografia Ameri- canas. San Francisco, 1882. PIZARRO y Orellana, Fernando Varones ilvstres del Nvevo Mvndo. Madrid, 1639. folio.

PONS, Francois R. J. de Voyage a la partie orientale de la Terre-Ferme, 1801-4. Paris, 1806. 3 vols. PRESCOTT, William H. History of the conquest of Peru. New York, 1847. 2 v l s - PREVOST, Antoine Francois Histoire generale des Voyages. Paris, 1747-79. 24 vols. PURCHAS, Samuel Haklytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pil- grimes. Glasgow, 1904-06. PURCHAS, Samuel Purchas his Pilgrimage. London, 1613. QUINTANA, Manuel Josef Vidas de Espanoles celebres. Paris, 1845. RAMUSIO, Giovanni Battista Primo-terzo volumne delle nav- igationi et viaggi. Venetia, 1550. 3 vols.

Five hundred twenty-six BIBLIOGRAPHY

RAYNAL, Guillaume T. F. Histoire Philosophique et Po- litique des fistablissemens et du Commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes. Geneve, 1781. 4 vols. RECEUS, Armand Panama et Darien. Paris, 1881. RECLUS, Elisee The earth and its inhabitants. New York, 1882-95. 19 vols. RECOPILACION de Leyes de los reynos de las Indias. Madrid, 1774. 4 vols. RELACIONES historicas y geograficas de America Central. Madrid, 1908. REMESAL, Antonio de Historia general de las Indias Oci- dentales. Madrid, 1620. RIDPATH, George Scotland's grievances relating to Darien. Edinburgh, 1699. RINGROSE, Basil The dangerous voyage and bold attempts of Captain B. Sharp. London, 1684. ROBERTS, Orlando W. Narratives of voyages in Central America. Edinburgh, 1827. ROBERTSON, William The history of America. London, 1820. 4 vols. ROBINSON, Tracy Panama, 1861-1907. Panama, 1907. ROCHEFORT, Charles de Histoire naturelle et morale de iles Antilles de 1'Amerique. Rotterdam, 1658. RODWAY, James West Indies and the Spanish Main. Lon- don, 1896. SCRUGGS, William L. The Colombian and Venezuelan Repub- lics. Boston, 1900. SEEMANN, Berthold History of the isthmus of Panama. Panama, 1867. SELFRIDGE, Thomas O. Reports on the isthmus of Darien. Washington, 1874. SIMON, Pedro Noticias historiales de las conquistas de Tierra Firme en las Indias Occidentales. Bogota, 1882-92. 5 vols.

SOL6RZANO, P. J. de Politica indiana. Madrid, 1648. SOUTHEY, Thomas Chronological history of the West Indies. London, 1827. 3 vols. SQUIER, E. G. Central American States. New York, 1854. STAR and Herald. Panama newspaper. Feb. 19, 1849 ft se(l> STEPHENS, John L. Incidents of travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. New York, 1841. 2 vols.

Five hundred twenty-seven BIBLIOGRAPHY

STEVENS, Henry Historical and geographical notes on the earliest discoveries in America, 1453-1530. New Haven, 1869. STRAIN, Isaac G. A paper on the history and prospects of Interoceanic Communication. New York, 1856. SULLIVAN, John T. Report of historical and technical infor- mation on interoceanic communication. Washington, 1883. TERNAUX-CoM PANS, Henri Recueil de documents et me- moires originaux sur 1'histoire des possessions espag- noles dans I'Amerique. Paris, 1840. TERTRE, Jean Baptiste clu Histoire generale des Antilles habitees par les Francois. Paris, 1667-71. 4 vols. THACHER, John Boyd Christopher Columbus. New York, 1903. 3 vols. TOMES, Robert Panama in 1855. New York, 1855. TORQUEMADA, Juan de Monarquia Indiana. Madrid, 1723. 3 vols, folio. TORRENTS, Mariano Historia de la revolucion hispano-ameri- cana. Madrid, 1829-30. 3 vols. UBALDINI, Petruccio Armada of Spain, 1588. London, 1740. ULLOA, Antonio de Noticias americanas. Madrid, 1772. ULLOA, Antonio de Relacion historica del viage hecho de orden de Sa Magestad a la America Meridional. Madrid, 1748. 2 vols. VALDES, Ramon M. Geografia del Istmo de Panama. New York, 1905. VARNHAGEN, F. A. de Vespuce et son premier voyage. Paris, 1858. VELASCO, Juan Lopez de Geografia y descripcion universal de las Indias. Madrid, 1894. VIGNAUD, Henry Toscanelli and Columbus- New York, 1902. WAFER, Lionel A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America. London, 1699.

WARBURTON, Eliot Darien ; or, the merchant prince. London, 1852. 3 vols. WEATHERHEAD, W. D. An account of the late expedition against the isthmus of Darien. London, 1821. WEIR, Hugh C. The conquest of the Isthmus. New York, 1909.

Five hundred twenty-eight BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEISE, Arthur James The discoveries of America to the year 1525. New York, 1884. WEST INDIES A geographical and historical description of the principal objects of the prefent War in the, Printed for T. Gardner. London, 1741. WEST INDIES Printed by J. Applebee. London, 1739. WHEELWRIGHT, William Observations on the Isthmus of Panama. London, 1844. WINSOR, Justin Narrative and Critical History of America. Boston, 1889. 8 vols. WYSE, Lucien N. B. Le Canal de Panama. Paris, 1886.

Up to the year 1900, the Library of Congress gives a list of books and articles in periodicals relating to interoceanic canal and railway routes, compiled by Hugh A. Morrison. With this is bound a bibliography of United States Public Documents on the subject of interoceanic communication, prepared in the office of the Superintendent of Documents. Washington, G. P. O., 1900.

Five hundred twenty-nine

INDEX

residencia of Pedrarias, 214, hears charges by Oviedo, 215. mission to ABENAMECHE, Indian chief in Darien, Albites, Diego de, 20, 27, Nicuesa, raids 165; fights the Spaniards, 166. 152, 185, Chagre prov- at and Abibeiba, Indian chief on the Isthmu* ince, 192, Chagre Veragua, 212, permanently establishes Nombre of Darien, 165, fights the Spaniards, de Dios in command 1 66. 213, 225, 299, at Nata, 228, Aborigines of the Isthmus, 319, built 250. Alcalde see no masonry, 319, medicine-men and mayor, Glossary. Alcandete, Alonso, Spanish commander priests, 320, ethnographic division, at Old Panama, at 320, albinos, gray eyes, moon-eyed, 420, Chepo, 440. Alcedo, Antonio de, 313. 322, dress and habitations, 328, 331, Alcon, Pedro, at island of Gallo, described by Andagoya 331, spoke one 241. Aldana, Lorenzo 262. language 332, see also Indians, Cunas, de, Alexander VI., confirms title of Dariens, Guaimis, San Bias, Va- Pope, lientes. Spain to discovery in the west, 65, - Abraiba, Indian chief in Darien, 165, 86, 132, 148, 176, 184, 378, see also Bull of Donation. fights the Spaniards, 166. Abrayme, tree-top Indians, 328. Alexandre, Bras-de-Fer, buccaneer Aburena, 93; see also Chiriqui Lagoon. chief, 374, like Alexander, 389, 380. Acapulco, west port of Mexico, 300, Alfergany, Arabian astronomer, 34. 60. 313, Drake at, 360. Alguacil, Acla, "Bones of Men," 15, first of a Alhajuela, town, 7. line of posts across the Isthmus, 196, Aliaco, Pedro de, Cardinal Pierre d* destroyed by Indians, 201, rebuilt by Ailly, stated India could be reached Balboa, 201, Balboa beheaded at, 207, in a few days' sail from Spain, 33. site of forgotten, 283, 284, decline of author of Imago Mundi, 35. and removal advised, 304, province Alligators, at first called crocodiles, of, 330, 479. 487, 494. **t *l* 92, 144- Caledonia Bay. Alligators, River of, see Chagres. Acul, bay of, 58. Allison, or Alleston, Robert, buccaneer Adventurers, 66, 71, 478. captain, 396, 441, pilots the Darien Africa, 30, 31, 32, 79, 82. Colony ,479. Aglaseniqua, river, 487. Almagro, Diego de, 21, 162, 185, 236, Aguado, Juan, supersedes Columbus on signs contract for subjugation and Hispaniola, 75. equal partition of Peru, 238, scene Aguadulce, formerly Trinidad, 25. with Pedrarias, 244, executed by Aguilar, Geronimo de, escapes being Hernando Pizarro, 257. eaten, 164. Almagro, the Youth, beheaded by Vaca Ahkin Xooc, enslaves the Spaniards, de Castro, 257. 163. Almirante Bay, Carambaru, named for Aillon, Lucas V. de, 307. the Admiral, 4, 5, 92, 93. Airiau, A., absurb statements, 298. Alonso, Juan, betrays his benefactor, Alaja Rock, in mouth of Chagres, 411. 160, 161. Alaminos, Antonio de, pilot, 90. Alvarado, Alonso de, 261. Alanje. or Chiriqui, ancient capital of Alvarado, Diego de, sails with Colum- Chiriqui province, 26, founded by B. bus, 67. Hurtado, 27, by Afiasco, 287. Alvarado, Jorge de, lieutenant of Alarconcillo, Juan Rodriguez de, alcalde Cortes, 233. mayor with Lope de Sosa, takes the Amapalla Bay, 467.

Five hundred thirty-one INDEX

Amazon river, 119. Antonelli, Juan B., 8, 12, advises Philip to Amazons, island of, 68, see also Mar- move Nonibre de Dios to Puerto forts at tinique. Bello, 310, plans Puerto America, 30, 35, 36, 68, 78, 86, 159, Bello and Chagre, 310. 180, 231, Central, 2, 85, 128, 222, Antonio, cape, west end of Cuba, 364. 295, 296, Isthmus of, 296, North I, Arana, Diego de, cousin of Beatrix 2, South, i, 2, 85, 1 1 8, named for Enriquez, left in command at Navi- Amerigo Vespucci, 128. dad 60. American Indians, see Aborigines, In- Aranca, Ynigo de, governor of Ver- dians. agua, 286. Indians. American Race, see Amerinds, Arawaks. timid, 135, driven out by the Amerinds, 170, 320, see also Aborig- Caribs, 385. ines, Indians. Arbolancha, Pedro de, messenger for Amundsen, Roald, 300. Balboa, 180, 187. Anacaona, queenly caciquess, no. Archenholtz, Johann W. von, 425. Anachucuna Bay, 15. Anchipielago de las Mulatas (Islas hos- Ancon, mountain, 19, colony 19, Barbas), 14, de las Perlas, 17. cove pital, 19 258, 432, 447. Archive de Indias, 126. arrives in Dar- Andagoya, Pascual de, Ardita Point, 16. ien, 185, regidor of Panama, 226, Areito, Indian singing festival, 138, 236, 261, report on Canal Survey 329- 303, opinion of Panama city, 308, on Arguello, Fernando de, aids Balboa, the Indians of the Isthmus, 331, 333. 205, beheaded with Balboa, 207. Anderson, R. G., delegate to the Pan- Arica, repulses the buccaneers, 450, 451 ama Congress, 19. Aristotle, held Atlantic extended to Andes, boat of, haled over the Isthmus, eastern shores of Asia, 33, believed 296. in sphericity of the earth, 34. Andres, chief of the Dariens, with the Ariza, Andres de, governor of Darien, Buccaneers, 442, 444, 447, confers 299. with the Scots, 479, 480. Armada, Invincible, see Invincible Ar- Animals of Panama, sloth, 333, peccary mada. and warree, 334, tapir, 334, manati, Armadilla, in Panama bay, 447. 335, monkeys, 335, iguana, 335, two- I. on the Indians of headed snake, 336. Armas, Juan de, the West Animas, Las, opposite San Lorenzo, 8. Ladies, 385. of set Anino, Urrutia, suppresses lawless- Arrow-poison, composition 331, also Manzanillo. ness, 8. Anifkn, Felipe de, advocates Honduran Artieda del Nuevo Reyno de Navarra, route, 309. city, 287, 292. Anson, George, at Quibo, 25, in the Asia, 30, 33, 34, 36, 69, 73, 85. Pacific 399. Asiento, agreement for trade, 314. Anthropophagi, see Cannibals. Aspinwall, Wm. H., monument to, to. Antigua, first Spanish settlement in Aspinwall, town, 8, 9, 20, see also Darien, 15, 16, 20, started by En- Colon. cisco, 150, Balboa takes command, Aspinwall-Colon, see Colon. 150, Nicuesa driven from 154, pros- Astrolabe, and compass, 35. pers under Balboa, 180, Pedrarias Astruzes, head of navigation in the arrives at, 187, first European city Chagres river, 303, see also Cruces. on the continent, 191, abandoned and Atahualpa, Inca ,233, 238, killed by destroyed, 215. Pizarro, 241. Antigua, island, 70, 452. Atalaya, La, Indian village, 287. Antilles, 50, 65, 69, 73, 87, 91, 108, Atlantic Ocean, i, 4, 30, 36, 85, 377. see also West Indies. Atlantis, Plato informed of, 31. Antilles, Lesser, discovered by Colum- Atrato, or Darien, river, i, 16, 130, bus, 65, named by Columbus, 69, see 134, 151, 164, 165, 168, 215, 216, also Caribbee Islands, Antilles, West 249, as canal route, 296, searched for Indies. strait, 311, 313. Antillia, island of Seven Cities, 31, 43. Audience, Royal, see Audiencia Real.

Five hundred thirty-two INDEX

Audiencia Real, 124, 229, established at tenant of Diego Colon in Darien, Panama, 247, 257, 260, 263, de los 163; seeks the golden Dabaiba, 164; Confines, 27:, of Panama, 273, 279, encounters tree-dwelling Indians, 165; 280, 284, 426, 427, see also Glossary. treachery of Fulvia, 166; overcomes Augustine, St., declared sphericity of Cemaco, 167; receives men and sup- the Earth and existence of Antipodes plies from Diego Colon, 168; letter contrary to the Scriptures, 37. to Ferdinand, 168, 327; determines Avila, Pedro Arias de, see Pedrarias. to seek the southern sea, 169; his Ayola, Juan de, seeks strait in Para- dog Leoncico, 170; subdues Ponca guay river, 308. and Porque, 171; discovers the South Ayora, Juan de, lieutenant to Pedrar- Sea, 172; defeats Chiapes, 173; takes ias, 185, built Santa Cruz, 189, robs possession in the gulf of San Miguel, the Indians, 190. 174; canoe voyage on the gulf, 175; Azores, islands, 34, 62, 65, 345, 366, Tumaco's description of Peru, 176; 379- names the Pearl Islands, 176; starts Azua, port in Hispaniola, 88. back to the north ?oast, 177; captures Azuero,, short-lived province in Pan- Tubanama, 178; sick with fever at ama, 25. Pocorosa, 179; returns to Antigua, 179; sends news of his discovery to B. the king, 180; list of men with Bal- boa, 181; his reception of governor BABEQUE, Haiti, the land of gold, 58. Pedrarias, 187; prosecuted by Pedrar- Bacallaos (codfish), 294; land of, 295, ias, 188, 201; adelantado of 301. appointed the South Sea and of Bachelor's Delight, buccaneer ship, 461, Panama, 193; bethrothed to Dona Maria, 201; re- 466; rounds the Horn, 468. settles embarks on the Bachicao, Hernando, seizes Old Pana- Acla, 201; South Sea, 203; false ore- ma, 258. charges ferred fate foretold Bacon, Lord, on Spain's greatness, 315. against him, 205 ; Micer trial and execu- Bacon, Roger, believed in sphericity by Codro, 206; tion of at friends beheaded of the earth, 34. Acla, 207; with of his char- Badajoz, Gonzalo de, 146, informs on him, 207; opinions 208. Balboa, 158; 185, at Nombre de Dios, acter, Balboa, La Boca, town at the 194, first alderman of Old Panama, formerly Pacific mouth of the canal, 226; sent to hold the San Juan river, 22, 23. Balceria, Indian festival, 326. 254- river of 202; Peruvian rafts, Badajoz, Hernan Sanchez de, contract Balsas, to colonize Veragua, 269, 270, 273. 239- mountain in Veragua, Baffin, William, strait-seeker, 293. Baltasar, Don, 286. Bahamas, or Lucayos, 50, 51, 54, 119. Hubert Bahia Honda, first attempt at settle- Bancroft, Howe, quoted, 28, 48, ment on the continent of America, 68, 99, 174, 197, 208, 222, 226, 261, 107, 129, 134, 159. 315, 337- Bailamonos, see Vaila Monos. Bannister, S., 472. called Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, 15-17, born Baracoa, by Columbus Puerto in Jerez de los Caballeros, 157; sails Santo, 54. with Bastidas and Cosa to the New Barahona, Jacinto de, in the fight before World, 81, 157; settles in Hispan- Panama, 446. Barbacoa, settlement of, containers iola, 157; hides from his creditors 307; for a on Encisco's ship, 147, 158; deter- gold, 327; wooden frame, 384; mines the settlement at Darien, 150; 416, see also Barbecue. the deposes Encisco and is elected alcalde Barbacoas, midway Isthmus, 416, see also Barbacoa. of Antigua, 151; protects Nicuesa 419; from the mob, 153; seeks recognition Barbados, island, 452, 461. see also Mulatas. by Diego Colon and Pasamonte, 159; Barbas, Islas, 14; de facto governor of Castilla del Barbecue, grate for roasting or curing Oro, 160; forms alliance with Careta. meat, 322, 384 -see also Barbacoa. 161; Panciaco tells of another sea Barbosa, Juan de, advocates the Hon- and of Peru, 162; commissioned lieu' duras route, 309.

Five hundred thirty-three INDEX

Bariento, Captain, 255. Belen, river, 6; entered by the fleet of Barker, Andrew, privateer, robs the Columbus, 98; sought by Nicuesa, Spanish Main, 394; recovers Oren- 142, 143; found by Olano and Cueto, ham's guns, 395. 144; 251, 253, 284. Bark-logs, or rafts, 456. Belpuerto, see Portobelo. Barlow, Roger, strait-seeker, 295. Benalcazar, conqueror of Quito, 185. Barrionuevo, Francisco de, governor of Benegas, Francisco de, to look for a Castilla del Oro, 247, 249; condemns strait, 311. the highway, 303. Benitez, Francisco, whipped by Balboa, Barrow, John, 366, 367. 153; collects evidence against Balboa, Baskerville, 'ihomas, with Drake in the 205, 208. Caribbean, 369; fails to cross to Benzoni, Girolamo, at Nombre de Dios, Panama, 371; returns to England, 373. 255- 256. Basle, treaty of, 112. Beradi, Juonato, contractor in Seville, Bas Obispo, town of, 21. 67. Bastidas, Rodrigo de, 2, 81, 88, 108. Berlanga, Tomas de, bishop of Panama, first European to reach the Isthmus, 248, 269; describes the Isthmus to 117; with Cosa in the gulf of Darien, the king, 303, 304. 120; wrecked on Hispaniola, 121; Bermejo, Juan, rebel leader killed at adelantado of Trinidad, 122; founds Old Panama, 262, 266. Santa Marta, 123; fatally stabbed by Bermuda, ship, 88; Indian prisoners on, mutineers, 123; dies in Santiago, 124; 105. buried in Cathedral at Santo Domingo, Bermudez, Francisco, with Columbus, 125; license to discover, 126, 150. 157, 88, 114. 215, 216. Betanzo, projected city in Darien, 299. Bastides, see Bastidas. Bingham, Hiram, 485. Bastimentos, islands and anchorage off Bird Rock, near Crooked Island, 53. Nombre de Dios, 12, 13; Columbus Birii, cacique and country of, first at, 95, 107; Bastidas at, 117, 121; visited by Morales, 194; origin -if the Nicuesa at, 146; Albites at, 213; name Peru, 227, 236. Drake at, 346; privateers at, 395; see Birues, Juan de, 192. also Nombre de Dios. Biruquete, Indian chief, 2:3. Basuto, Juan, death of, 227. Biscaina, or Vizcaino, ship, 86, aband- Bayano, king of the cimarrones cap- doned at Puerto Bello, 107; 115. tured, 308. Black River, 91. Bazan, Alvarez de, attacks Hawkins at Black Rock, in Caledonia Bav, 480. Vera Cruz, 340, 341. Blanquilla, island, 79. Bea, Indian chief, 214. Blest, Isles of (or Fortunate Islands), Beas, Antonio de, Spanish Admiral, probably Canaries, 31. eludes the buccaneers, 463, 464. Blewfields, Jamaica, Scots at, 489, 497, Beata, island, 80. 498. Beautiful Lady of Old Panama, 430, Bluefields, Nicaragua, 92, 93. 433- Boabdil el Chico, Moorish king, 39. Becerra, Francisco, 190, 193. Bobadilla, Francisco de, places Columbus Becerrico, famous dog, 170. and his brothers in irons, 80, 81, 82, Beckford, Peter, commissions privateers, 88. 469. Bobadilla, Isabel de, wife of Pedrarias, Behaim, Martin, map of, 36. 186, 201. Bejar, Martin de, bishop of Panama, Boca, L,a, former name for Balboa, 22, 248. 23- Almirante Bejuco, mountain in Veragua, 286. Boca del Drag.-), bay, 4, 6; of Paria, 80. Belen, or Bethlehem, first white colony gulf 79, Boca del Serpiente, 78, 79. on the Isthmus, 6; started by Colum- Bocas del Toro, 5, 434, 441- bus, 101; Don Bartolome left in com- Fe mand, 104; driven out by the Bogota, Santa de, 399. Quibian, 104-107; sought by Nicuesa, Bohio, native name of western part of 142, 143; resettled by Olano and Haiti, 57, 58; name of Indian hut, Cueto, 144; abandoned by Nicuesa, 123, 328; town on Chagres river, 416; MS! 159, 250. see also Bujio.

Five hundred thirty-four INDEX

Boil, Fray Bernardo, politician of the anger against Morgan, 434; in Pana- cloister, 68, 71, 74. ma Bay and the South Sea, 439; Bolivar, Simon, calls the Panama Con- over the Isthmus, 442-446; battle be- gress, 18; interested in canal project, fore Panama, 446; raid the coast of 297. Peru, 450; return to the Caribbean, Bonacao, or Guanaja, Columbus at, 454-457; other incursions into the Pa- 89, 90. cific, 461; fire-ship at Taboga, 462; Bondsmen, European, 384; see also battle at the Pearl Islands, 464; re- Engages. turn to the West Indies overland and Bononiama, Indian chief, 178. around the Horn, 467; join in the Boqueron, settlement on the Camino capture of Cartagena, 468; cease to Real, 7, 307. exist, 469; see also Boucaniers, Fli- Boquete, mountain valley in Chiriqui, bustiers. 26; Indian graves in, 324 Buenaventura, town, 282. Borland, Francis, 333, 488, 490, 491, Buenavista, San Gil de, settlement 492, 494, 495, 496, 498, 499- started by Gil Gonzales Davila, 222. Botello, Luis, friend of Balboa, 204; Bugaba, Indian village in Chiriqui pro- executed with Balboa, 207. vince, 27; guacas first discovered here, Boucaniers, cattle-hunters on Haiti, 22, 324. 384, 385, 387, 422; see also Buc- Bugabita, old village in Chiriqui, 27; caneers, Flibustiers. guacales at, 324. Boundary of Panama, i, 4, 16, 27, 285. Bujio, a location on the Camino Real, Bournano, buccaneer captain, plunders 7, 307; on the Chagres river, 416; Chepo, 440, 441. see also Bohio. Bradley, Joseph, buccaneer chief, 8, 407, Bull of Donation, 65, 378, 485, 486. 409, fatally wounded in taking San Buquebuca, Indian chief, 178. Lorenzo, 412. Burga, Martin de, slain by Indians, 214. Brandan, St. Mirage island, 31. Burica, point, 26, 27, 200; Indian chief, Brazil, 81, 82, 119, 377. 228; boundary, 285. Brazil-wood, 121, 480. Burinquen, captives found on Guadalupe, Brethren of .he Coast, see Buccaneers. 69; first visited by Columbus, 70. Briceno, Alonso, at Gallo island, 241. Burney, James, 381, 383, 425, 441, 469, Brinton, D. G., 321. 470. Brisas, northeast winds, 282, 289, 394. Burton, R., 354, 371. Brujas Point, 9. Bustamente, Diego de, captain with Bruselas, settlement on the gulf of Pedrarias, 185. Nicoya, 229. Byres, James, councillor of Darien Bucan, dried and smoked meat, 383; Colony, 492, 497. method of curing, 384; a smokehouse, 384; roasting prisoners, 385. C.

Buccaneers, 5, 14, 17, 21-26, 139, fol- CABILDO, of Panama, 18. lowed the privateers, 375; description Cabot, John, Sebastian, 81, 294. of, 376; reasons for encouraging, 377; Cabra, brave settle on Tortuga, 382; origin of tne land-holder, 327; warrior, term, 383-385; aided by Inuians and 332- Pedro Alvarez Cimarrones, 386; rules and regula- Cabral, de, found Brazil for 82. tions, 387; loot the Spanish settle- Portugal, Pedro at ments, 391; famous chiefs, 392, 393; Cabrera, de, Nombre de Dios, Coxon and La Sound take Portobelo, 260. 396, 397; Lolonnois at Maracaibo and Cacafuego, treasure-ship taken by Gibraltar, 392; Mansfield establishes Drake, 360. headquarters on St. Catherine, 393; Cacao (Chocolate beans), Spaniards them new kind of Morgan loots Portobelo, 402-405 ; at thought almonds, Maracaibo again, 406; Bradley cap- 89, 229. tures San Lorenzo, 410-412; up the Caceres, Alonso, founds Valladolid, 309. Chagres river, 415-418; battle and cap- Cacique, 55; title introduced on the ture of Old Panama, 421-432; re- Isthmus, 319. turn to Cruces and San Lorenzo, 433, Caicedo, Juan de, 153, 167, 169, 184.

Five . hundred thirty-five INDEX

see Canal Calamar, Cartagena. Zone, 2, 9, 13, 19, 26, 198, 321. Caledonia, region about Caledonia Bay Canary islands, 45, 68, 77, 87, 118, 203, settled by the Scots, 480, 488. 362, 369. Caledonia Bay, its importance, 15; 121, Candia, Pedro de, 241-243. visited by Drake, 348; 442, Scots at, Caney, circular hut, 328. 473. 480, 487, 491. Cannibals, 69, 72, 196, 253; see also Calentura, or fever, 124, 349, 352, 364, Caribs. 395, 399. 488, 496. Cano, J. S. del, completes the first Calero, Alonso, descends the San Juan circumnavigation in the Victoria, 300. river, 270, 301; speech of, 302. Canoas, 50. Calicut, 82. Canutillo, see Camalilla. reached California, gold-seekers, 8, 20; Caonabo, cacique, 71, 75, 117. by Drake, 361; visited by the bucca- Cape, Indian chief, 272. neers, 465. de Cape Verd Islands, 34, 65, 77. Callao, the port of Lima, 440, 450, 462. Capira, Mt., 265-267. of, Calobegola, valley 272. Capitana, flagship, 86, 88, 99, 109. Calobre river, 272. Capitolinus, Julius, stated India could inn the overland be Camalilla, on road, reached in a few days' sail from 7, 307- Spain, 33. Gonzalo G. de Camara, la, 287. Carabajal, Diego de, 446. Camden, William, 381. Carabajal, Rodrigo de, 257, 258. Camino Real, 3, course of, 7, 21, 306, Carabaru, or Caravaro, 92-95; see 307, started, 213; worst road in also Almirante Bay. Christendom, 303; described by Ber- Caracoles point, 16. langs, between Cruces and 304; Carder, Peter, wrecked on Tierra del the all-land Panama, 305, 409, 418; Fuego, 359. route, 306, inns 307; on, 306; paved Careening Cay, 5, 93. in places, traversed 306; by Drake, Careta, Darien chief, 160, gives his 354, 356- daughter to Balboa, 161; 170, 179, Camoturo, Indian official, 323. 189, 196, 204, 319. Campbell, Alexander, fights the Span- Careta, Indian village, 15, province of, iards, 495, 497. 327, 33i. Campeche, 391. Cariari, visited by Columbus, 91, 92; Campo, Diego de, 253. probably the site of Puerto Limon, Campo y Espinosa, Alonso del, 403, Costa Rica, 93. 434- Caribbean Sea, first called the North Cana, mining town, 12, 17, taken by Sea, 2, 12, 13, 51, 61, 364, 374, 381. the English, 470. 392, 451, 457, 468. Canal, 2, 7, 9, 23. Caribbee see Antilles. Canal Routes and Projects, early islands, Lesser Caribs, of the Lesser An- efforts, 293; Humboldt's routes, 296; aborigines roasted and ate at Tehuantepec, 296, 300; Raspadura tilles, 50, 68, 69; their enemies, 60, 327; fight the ravine, 296 ; at Honduras Bay, 296 ; In- between Portobelo and Panama, 297; Spaniards, 70, 135; sea-roaming driven from St. Chagres- Panama route, 297; survey dians, 321; Kitts, how to cure and report upon, 302, 303; Darien- 381; taught Europeans overcame the San Miguel route, 298; San Bias meat, 384; Arawaks, {Mandinga Bay) Rio Chepo route, 50, 385- 298; through Nicaragua, 301; through Carillo, Luis, 185, 192, 263. the Isthmus, 307; early proposal by Carlile, Christopher, commands land Gomara, 312; seas of different levels, forces, 362; takes Cartagena, 363. 312; to join Red Sea and river Nile, Carlos, La Villa de, 284, 285. 312; condemned by Acosta, 312; Carolina, fort, on Caledonia bay, 299. Panama examined by two Flemish Carreta, or Monkey, Point, 4. engineers, 312; project interdicted on Carreto, port, 15. pain of death, 313; various plans, Carrion, Anton de, at Gallo island, 241. 317; see also Interoceanic Routes Cartagena, called Calamar by the In- and Traffic, and Chagres River. dians, first reached by Bastidas and

Five hundred thirty-six INDEX

Cosa, 120; Ojeda's repulse, 132-4; Cattle-hunters, see Boucaniers. Encisco at, 147; capital of the Span- Cavallon, Licenciado, 271, 291. ish Main, 348; Drake springs ashore Caxinas, cape, 90, 91. at, 349; captured by the English, Caymans, islands, 108. 362; by the French, 468; 483, 498. Cebaco, island of, 25; Indian chief, 199. Cartage, 272, 391. Ceballos, Fray Augustin de, 4. Cartier, Jacques, looks for a passage, Cecil, William, 341. 295. Cimaco, Darien chief, 15, 16, 150, 160, Carvajal, agent for Columbus, 88. 166, 180, 214. Casaos, Pedro de, corregidor of Man- Cenu, or Sinu, first visited by Bastidas ama, 259. and Cosa, 120; Encisco reads the Cascajal river, 7, 307, 394. Requisition, 148; gold gathered in Cassava, or Yuca, 49, 56, 89, 136, 217, nets, 148, 184; Becerra's party killed, 282. 190; Hurtado at, 196; robbed by Castaneda, Juan de, pilot, 213. Heredia, 248; cemeteries of, 249. Castaneda, i,icenciado, letter on the Cereceda, Andres de, 217, 220. death of Pedrarias, 233. Cerro Pando, 27. Castaneda, house of, at Acla, 206. Cesar, Francisco, led an expedition Castilla, Alonso, C. de, 272, 310. south to the Guaca valley, 249, 250. Castilla Aurifica, 184; see also Castilla Chagre, province of, 192; mouth of the del Oro. Chagres river, 212, 433; set also Castilla del Oro, early divisions of, 2; Chagres River. region of the New World granted to Chagre, Venta de, where the camino resettle Ni- real Nicuesa, 130; Belen, 144; crossed the Chagres river, 7, 21, cuesa locates his capital at Nombre de 265, 266, 307. Dies, 146; Balboa tells of Darien, 150; Chagre Point, west side of mouth of Antigua started by Encisco, 151; gov- Chagres river, see plan of Chagre. ernor Nicuesa driven out, 153; Balboa Chagres, village of, 8, 433. the de facto governor, 160-181; Pe- Chagres Fever, 9; see also Calentura. drarias commissioned governor, 184; Charges River, or Rio Chagre, 2, 6; boundaries of the province, 130, 184; key to the portal of the South Sea, the established at 212; capital Panama, 7; tributaries of, 7; route to Cali- death of Sosa, 214; arrival governor fornia, 8; 9, 21, 22, early visit by of relieved by governor Rios, 231; Albites, 27; Columbus in, 97, 98, 107; governor Gama, 247; superseded by called Lagartos or Alligators, 27, 144; rebellious governor Barrionuevo, 247; Olano and Cueto enter, 144; treasure uprisings, 257-267; description of, 272; transported on, 264; barges on, 274, the improvement of transit by Chagres 291; explored by Serna and Corzo, seek a river, 302; waterway, 294; 302; described by Espinosa and Ber- see also Isthmus of. 311; Panama, langa, 303, 304; adopted for transisth- Bernal Diaz del, historian of Castillo, mian traffic, 305; crossed by Camino the of 185, 188. conquest Mexico, Real, 306, 307; defenses of, 8, 28, de settlement of, 272. Castillo Austria, 291, 410, 414, 419; ascended by Ulloa, Hernando del, notary of Pan- Castillo, 335; Barker and Vernon at, 395, 398; ama, 238. route taken by Morgan, 409, 414, 433; or at Portobelo, 12, Castillos, forts, see also Canal Routes and Projects, 290, 394; at Chagre, 8, 291, 398. and San Lorenzo. Castro, Vaca de, governor of Peru, 257. Chame, town of, 24, 25; district, 195. 258. Champlain, Samuel de, at Portobelo, Cat Island, thought to be original Guan- 310. ahani (San Salvador), 51. Chanca, Doctor, wrote first scientific Cathay, 36, 43, 54, 65, 82, 85, 108. account of the West Indies, 68, 69. Cathedral of Old Panama, 22, 248, 266, Charles II., of England, 432- 278, 279, 425, 446. Charles V., Emperor, 20, 122, 124, 191, Catiba, 94, 101. 203, 211, 215, 222, 231, 241, 248, 256, Catoche, cape, 164. 299, 302, 303, 379. Cattle, 66, 122, 264, on Haiti, 383; Carolina, 498. meat boucaned, 384, 386; before Old Charles-Town, Panama, 420, 423. Charlevoix, Father, 136, 139, 394.

Five hundred thirty-seven INDEX

Coatzacoalcos Changuinola river, 4- river, as canal route, 296. Chauncey, Henry, 10. Cobrava, on the coast of the Isthmus, 102. Chepillo island, 17, 446. 94, 101, dies Chepo, river, 17, 24; town of, 17, 277, Cobson, Richard, as foretold by the 281; cacique, 191; 399. 44, 463- Indians, 460. Cherchez la femme, 166, 204. Cocalito point, 16. Chesapeake Bay, seen by Verrazanno, Coche, 78. Code 294. province, 4, 24, 285. Chevalier, Michel, 37- Cocos island, 466. Chiapes, Indian chief, 173-1/8, 193- Cocos river, in Darien, 481. Chibchas, family of Indians, 320, 323- Cocura, Indian chief, 175. Chicha, used at festivals, 249, 320, 322, Coiba, island, also called Quibo, 25; 328, 354; chicha copah, 322. first visited by Hurtado, 199; pro- Chico river, 27. vince 332. Chioriso, Indian chief, 178. Collnett, Captain, 26. Collyer, Edward, in the battle of Chipiripa, God of the Indians, 333. Chiracona, given to the dogs, 200. Panama, 422. Chiriqui, town, 27; province, 26; graves, Colmenares, Rodrigo E. de, a lieutenant of 27; 324; conquered by Hurtado, 228, Nicuesa, 151, 159, 161, 165, 183, 226. 230, 250; by Anasco, 287; memorial, 287. Colombia, Republic of, i, 3, 15, 16, 19, 27. Chiriqui Grande, village, 5. Colombo, Domenico, father of Christo- Chiriqui Lagoon, 5; see also Almirante pher Columbus, 29; Giovan Pelle- bay, and Boca del Toro. grino, brother of Christopher Co- Chiriqui Point, 6. lumbus, 29. Chiriqui Viejo river, 27, 270. Colon, Bartolome, brother of Christopher Chiriquicito, 5. Columbus, 29; with Dias to Cape of Chiriquita, early name for David, 465. Good Hope, 38; goes to Hispaniola, Chiru, Indian pueblo, 195, 198, 276. 74; made Adelantado, 74; on fourth Chiuchires Indians, 200. voyage of Columbus, 86 et seq.; left Cholos, or mestizos, 26, 325. in command at Belen in Veragua, 101 with the Chorrera, town of, 24. ; fight Quibian, 104; battle with the Porras 1 1 1 Chuchuma, chief and country of, 203, faction, ; 226, 227, 237. his ashes at Santo Domingo, 112; Chucunaque river, 299, 487. offered province of Veragua, 250. Chupadores, 320. Colon, Cristobal, see Columbus, Chris- Cibao, gold region, 58, 61, 71. topher. Cieza de Leon, Pedro, on the Indians Colon, Cristobal, grandson of Christo- of Uraba, 330, 331. pher Columbus, 112. Cigarros, 56. Colon, Diego, youngest brother of Chris- Ciguare, 90. topher Columbus, sails on second voy- Cimarrones, 14, 21; near Panama, 274; age, 67; returns to Spain, 74. ruled by a black king, 275; harass Colon, Diego, son and heir of Christo- Nombre de Dios, 276; war with, 280; pher Columbus, 29, 33, 36, 39, 67, freed by royal cedula, 291; settled at 72, 74, 90, 109-112, 122, 128, 130, Santiago del Principe, 291; war under 138, 147, 158, 159, 228, 250, 251. aid Bayano, 308, 309 ; Drake, 344, Colon, Fernando, son of Christopher 3SO, 356; with Oxenham, 351; 482. Columbus, 30, 38, 63, 87-89, 92, 94, Cipango, 33, 36, 43, 54, 57, 71. 96-98, 102, 104, 106-110, 130. Circumnavigation, 300. Colon, Luis, son of Diego Colon, and Citrous Fruits, brought to America grandson of Christopher Columbus, from the Canary Islands, 68. 112, 250; made duke of Veragua and Clavijo, Count de, 308. marquis of Jamaica, and perpetual Clavijo, Sancho, governor of Panama, admiral of the Indies, 251.

280. Colon, town of, 3, 9, 10, n, 19, 23, Climate, 4, 9, 150, 184, 188, 194, 196, 26, 198. 251, 255, 271, 282, 289, 456, 486,493. Colorados, rocks off west end of Cuba, Coaita Point, 6. 498.

Five hundred thirty-eight INDEX

Columbus, Christopher, a, 5, 6, statue in; dies in Valladolid, in; remains in Cristobal, n; 14, 16, name com- carried to Santo Domingo, 112; ships memorated by towns of Cristobal and manners on tourth voyage, 113. and Colon, 22; family and early life, Columbus Island, on which is Bocas del 29; goes to sea, 30; personal ap- Toro, 5. pearance, 32; marries in Lisbon, 33; Comagre, Darien chief. 14, palace of, dreams of lands in the Western 161; 162, 169, 172, 178, 179, 319,

Ocean, 34 et seq. ; receives chart from 327, 331- Toscanelli, 35; arrival in Spain, 37; Comayagua, capital of Honduras, 309. wins Beatrix Enriquez, 38; at La Companon, Francisco, 185, 202, 206, Rabida, 39; capitulation with Ferdi- 228, 229, 233. nand and Isabella, 40; sails on First Concepcion, town on the Conception Voyage to the New World, 45; dis- river, in Vcragua, 252, 253; 271; coveries at sea, 46; finds Guanahani, founded by governor Vazquez, 273, 47; landing-place, 52; reaches Cuba, 284. 54; deserted by Pinzon, 56; discovers Conception river, west of Port Scrivan, Haiti, 57; wreck of the Santa Maria, 14, 457; river in Veragua, 231. 59; welcome by the natives, 60; re- Congo river, 454. turns to Palos, 62; garrison left at Conquistadores, 25, 185, 379. Navidad, 63; departs on Second Voy- Constantinople, conquest by Osmanll age, 65; disliked by many Spaniards, Turks, 35. 66; discovers and names the Lesser Contreras, Alonso de, alcalde mayor of Antilles, 68-70; at Porto Rico, 70; Veragua, settles Trinidad, 285. finds Navidad in ashes, 71; invades Contreras, Hernando de, rebels against the Cibao, 72; declares Cuba to be the king, 262; seizes Panama jind the Asia, 73; considers a circumnaviga- Isthmus, 265; drowned, 267. ting voyage, 73; discovers Jamaica, Contreras, Pedro de, revolt of, 262-267. 73; becomes comatose, 73; enslaves Contreras, Rodrigo de, governor of the Indians, 74; the Haitians tagged Nicaragua, 206, 262; licenses Ma- and taxed, 75; returns to Spain, 75; chuca and Calero to examine the San defrauded of his rights, 75; story of Juan river, 254, 304. the egg, 76; starts on Third Voyage, Cook, Edward, buccaneer captain, 441. 77; in the doldrums, 78; names Trin- Cook, John, buccaneer captain, 453, idad, 78; first view of the continent, 456; dies at Nicoya, 461. 78; visits the Pearl Coast, 79; thought Coquibacoa, 1 28. he was near the Earthly Paradise, 80; Corabora, bay of, 269. suppresses the Roldan rebellion, 80; Cordillera, the, 3, 194, 198, 201, 211. in chains to Spain, 81 ; signature of Cordoba, A. F. de, 432. Columbus, 83; sets out on Fourth Cordoba, Francisco H. de, sent to seize Voyage to hunt for a waterway to Nicaragua, 222, 229; beheaded by Pe-

Asia, 85 ; accompanied by his son el ra Has, 230. Fernando, 86; hurricane at Hispan- Cordova, Francisco Hernandez de, dis- iola, 88; arrives at Guanaja, 89; skirts covers Yucatan, 90, 164, 307. shores of Central America, 91; at Cordova, G. F. de, 184, 432. Cariari, 92; enters Almirante bay, and Corn, see Maize. Chiriqui lagoon, 93; the golden coast Cornejo, Francisco, 308. of Veragua, 94; names Puerto Bello, Corobari, burnt by the Spaniards, 214. 95; at Bastimentos, 95; stops at ]. Coro Boro, duchy of, 270; see also Retrete, 96; in Limon bay and the Veragua. Chagres river, 97; enters the Rio Coronado, Juan Vasquez de, 4. Belen, 98; starts the first settlement Corral, Diego del, 152, 158, 167, 168, on the Isthmus, 101; driven from 206, 215, 228, 231. Belen by the Indians, 104; his vision, Correa, Pedro, 34. 1 06; abandons the Biscaina in Puerto Corsairs, or freebooters, 274, 309; see Bello, 107; gives up search for a also Buccaneers. strait, 1 08; again among the Queen's Cortereal brothers, seek a passage in Gardens, 109; strands his two vessels the north, 294. on Jamaica, 109; mutiny of the Porras Cortes, Hernando, 48, 68, 90; intended brothers, no; reaches Santo Domingo, to accompany Nicuesa, 131; at Cozu-

Pvve hundred thirty-nine INDEX

mel, 164; never in Darien, 173; 209, Cuellar, Francisco de, at Gallo island. 221, sends Olid to Honduras, 222; 241. marches south from Mexico, 230, 231; Cueto. relative of Nicuesa, 6, 141, 144. confers with Pizarro m Spain, 243; Culebra island, 23. seeks a strait, 222, 300, 301; letter Cullen, Edward, absurd claims of, 298. to Charles V., 300, 322. Cumana, bay of, 80, 119, 128, 407. the Cunas Corzo, the pilot, examines Chagres Indians, 321.

river, 302. , XT Cunningham, James, councillor, 477. of New Cosa, Juan de la, made first map 481. for World, 67, 81; pilot Bastidas, 120. Cupica bay, 297. lieu- reaches coast of Darien, 121; Curacao, island, 388. to 128-132; death by tenant Ojeda, Currents, equatorial, 80, 85, 93, 109, as strait-seeker, poisoned arrows, 133; 124, 137, 154, 163, 167, 221, 356. 120, 294. Cutara. son of chief Paris, 213. Costa de Contrastes, called by Columbus, Cuzco. the Inca capital, 238. 96. Costa del Oro de 6. Colon, D. Costa Rica, 3, 4, 27, 92, 199, 254, 270- 272, 391. DABAIBA, golden temple of, 164, 166, Goto de Terraba river, 27. 192, 250. Cotton, 95, 283. Daciel, river, 311. Council of the Indies, 128, 169, 181, Damaquiel, river, 311. 186, 207, 217, 262. Dampier, William, buccaneer historian, Cowley, Ambrose, buccaneer captain, 17, 298, 389, 440-442, 457, 460, 462. 461, 463. Danta, sec Tapir. Coxon, buccaneer captain, 12, 14, 23, Darien Colony, promoted by Paterson, 396, 434, 440, 447- 471: creation of the Company, 471;; Coya, the, 257. opposed by the East India Cozumel, island of, 164. Company, 476; volunteers indentured for three Crab island, taken possession of by the years, 377; first

Five hundred forty INDEX

the elusive strait, 220, 301; returns Doughty, Thomas, decapitated by to Panama, 221 ; goes to Honduras, Drake, 358. 222; dies in Spain, 223; 229, 231. Dow, Captain, at Colon, n. Davila, Pedrarias, see Pedrarias. Drake, Francis, n, 12, 13, 17, 20, 21, David, capital of Chiriqui province, road 139, 280, 308; statues to, 337; his to Bocas del Toro, 5; 26, 27, 199. family and early voyages, 338; es- Davis, Charles H., report on interoceanic capes the Spaniards at San Juan de route, 297, 317. Ulloa, 341; wounded at Nombre de Davis, Edward, buccaneer commander, Dios, 346; waits at Port Plenty, 348; battles with the Spanish flota, 24, 461, his brothers, 343, 350; "that goodlie 462. and great high tree," 350; his friend Davis, John, looks for strait, 295. Oxenharn, 351; bootless capture of Davis, John, sacks Leon and Granada, the packtrain, 354; in Cruces, 355; 391- takes the king's treasure on the Davis, Nathaniel, raids Cana, 469. Camino Real, 356; returns to Ply- De Grasse, beaten by Rodney, 68. mouth, 357; sails around the world, De Lesseps, Ferdinand, engineer and 358; passes through Magellan's promoter of the French canal com- Strait, 359; captures the Cacafuego, pany, ii. 360; attempts a passage north of also Demarcation line, 6s;"* Appendix. California, 361 ; completes circum- Denambuc, French governor, 381. navigation, 362; knighted on the De Poincy, governor-general, 382. Golden Hind by Queen Elizabeth, De Pointis, baron, takes Cartagena, 362; with Carlile captures Santo 468, 481. Domingo. 363; takes Cartagena, 364; De Puydt, claims of, 297. "Singeing the King of Spain's De Rochefort, quoted, 382. beard," 365; vice-admiral against the Desaguadero, see San Juan river. Armada, 367; last expedition of Desembarcadero, on the Chagres, 304. Drake and Hawkins to the Carib- Des Marais, flibustier chief, 463. bean, 369; loots and burns the "Destruction of the Indies," 256. Spanish Main, 370; again lands at Devil, called tuyra, 329; consulted, 460. Nombre de Dios, 370; Baskerville Deza, Diego, friendly to Columbus, 38. fails to reach Panama, 371; at Es- Dias, Bartolomeu, discovers Cape of cudo de Veragua, 371; death and Good Hope, 38, 299. burial off Puerto Bello, 372; 382, 388, Diaz, Miguel, 75. 396, 409, 45. 485, 487- Diriangen, Indian chief, opposes the Drake island, off Portobelo, 12, 372; or Spaniards in Nicaragua, 220. Plata, 450-453, 462. Discovery, of America, 47; of the Drummond, Thomas, offers to go Pacific, 172; list of, 299. against Portobelo, 493. Dites, Indian chief, king of the Pearl Du Casse, governor of St. Domingue, Islands, fights the Spaniards, 193, 468, 484. 194- Dumb dog, in Cuba, 56, 383. D'Ogeron, M. governor of Tortue, 376. Duro, Captain, 64. Dogs, utilized in the conquest of Am- Dururua, Indian chief, successor of the erica, 56, 68, 75, 142, 170, 171, 177, Quibian of Veragua, 252. 193, 198, 220, 229, 233, 238. Duy, province of, 271, 286. Dominica, island, 68, 87, 343. Don Baltasar, mountain in Veragua, 286. Don Christopher's Cove, 109. EANNES, Gil, rounded Bojador, 32. Dona Maria, daughter of Pedrarias, Earthly Paradise, of Columbus, 80, 81,

betrothed to Balboa, 186, 201 ; mar- 85- ries Contreras, 206, 263. Eaton, John, buccaneer chief, 461, 464, Donation of the New World to Spain 465- and Portugal, 65; tee also Bull of Egas, half-brother of Rios, 231. Donation. Egg, made to stand by Columbus, 76.

Dos Bocas, on the Chagres, 7. El bohio del diablo, 248. Dos Cabezas snake, 336. El Cerro de Avance, 422.

Five hundred forty-one INDEX

El Cerro de los Bucaneros, 420. and death of, 125, 238, 242, 250. Eldorados, 164. Esquivel, Juan de, in Jamaica, 109-111, see also El Draque, 348, 355, 360; 131, 138. Drake, Francis. Estancia, 432, 466. El Hombre Dorado, 149. Estero Longarremos, 403. El Portete, 284, 285. Estete, Martin, the notary, 218; alder- El Puerto de los Caballeros, 72. man of Panama, 226; explores the Indian El Quemado, chief, 193. San Juan, 232, 254. see also El Retrete, 14, 95, 96, 107, Eudoxus of Cyzicus, 31. Escribanos. Eugenie, empress of France, n. Indian El Suegro, chief, 193. Evelyn, John, on Morgan, 435. of Elizabeth, queen England, 337, 340, Exquemelin, Alexandre O., buccaneer 378, 485. historian, 388, 392, 402 et seq., 442, Elizabethan seamen, 375, 432. 452- Embarcadero, on the Trinidad, 307; on F. the Darien coast, 470. Encinasola, Pedro de, captain under FABREGA, Jose de, 19. Gutierrez, 251, 252. Fair, at Cartagena, 313; at Portobelo, Encisco, Martin F. de, alcalde mayor of 3i4, 394- Nueva Andalucia, 131, 138, 141; Falcmar, surveys Panama, 297. finds Balboa a stowaway, 147; dis- Fato, 13; see also Nombre de Dios. putes with the caciques at Cenii, 148, Felipa, Monis de Perestrello, wife of 190; loses his supplies, 149; founds Columbus, 33, 34, 36, 87. Antigua in Darien, 16, 150, 215; de- Felipe, pilots Drake, 359. posed by his people, 151; succeeded Felipe II., of Spain, 12, 310, 312; see by Balboa; 158; denounces Balboa, also Philip II. 169 ,183. Felipillo, infamous Peruvian, 242. Encomienda, 129, 263, 277; see also Ferdinand, king of Spain, 2, 37, 40, Glossary. 62, 65, 75, 86, 100, no, 122, 130, Engages, or bondsmen, 382, 384. 158, 168, 179, 191, 203, 260, 380. Engano, cape, east point of Haiti, 73. Fever, see Calentura. Enriquez, Beatrix, mother of Fernando Fiesco, Bartholomew, 109, 115. Colon, second son of Columbus, 38, 60. Figuerola, Rafael de, governor of Ver- Equator, 239, 357, 389, 487. agua, 286. Escaray, Juan de, 214. Fires, in Colon, n. Escobar, Diego de, no. First Settlements, 6. 16, 107, 123, 129, Escondido, hidden port, 15. 134, 151, 212, 225, 228, 249. Escoria, Indian village on the Isthmus, Fiske, John, historian, 185, 209, 222. J 9S> province of, 200. Flamenco island, 281. Escribanos, or Port Scrivan, 14, 96, Fletcher, Francis, chaplain to Drake, 361. see also El Retrete. Flibusteros, 385; see also Buccaneers. de see also see also Escudo Nicuesa, 272, 284; Flibustier, 376. 385, 402, 430 ; Escudo de Veragua. Buccaneers. Escudo de Veragua, 6, 272, 284, 371. Flood, legend of, 219, 333. Esdras, book of, 34. Florida, 2, 67, 338, 356, 363. 474, 498. Espafiola, see Hispaniola. Flota, at Nombre de Dios, 276; sailed Esparza, sacked by buccaneers, 451. to Vera Cruz, 313; 382, 405, 466. Espave, Indian lady, 327. Flyboat, 385- Espejos de oro, 93. Fogo island, 359. Espinosa, Caspar de, alcalde mayor of Fonseca, Juan R. de, bishop of Bur- Castilla del Oro, 185, 188; raids the gos, 66, 80, 117, 129, 183, 217, 221. Isthmus, 196-201; tries Balboa, 207; Fonseca, gulf of, 221, 309; town in succeeds Balboa on the South Sea, Chiriqui, 230. 211 ;secures the gold of Paris, 212, Forbans, unlicensed ships, 380. 213; pursues the Indians, 227; settles Foyer, Archibald, 471, 486. Nata, 228; finances the Peruvian ex- Francis I., 379; patron of Verrazano, pedition, 238, commends the Chagres, 294; of Cartier, 295. 303; letter to the emperor, 311; life Francisco river, 284, 356.

Five hundred forty-two INDEX

Friars, wandering, extended knowledge Golden Hind, sailed around the world of the world by their travels, 34. by Drake, 17, 23, 359. French Canal Company, 9-11. Golden Island, 15, 441, 479. 487, 494. Friend, Charles, 297. 496, 497. Frobisher, Martin, strait- seeker, 295; Golfo Dulce, 26, 27, 120, 199. with Drake, 362, 367, 372. Gomara, Francisco L. de, 138; urged Fulvia, of Darien, 166, 167. Philip to make a canal at Panama, 312- Estevan, sails for the Spiceries, G. Gomez, 294. Gonzalez, Francisco, regidor of Panama, GAGE, Thomas, at Granada, 230; at 2-6. Portobelo, 314. Good Hope, cape of, 38, 82, 86, 361, Galena, U. S. warship, at Colon, n. 378. Galeones, 12, 21, 249, 276, 313, 314, Gorgona, on the Chagres river and the 350, 39, 393. old Panama railroad, 7, 307. Gallapagos islands, 468. Gorgona island, 450, 453, 462. Gallego, Pedro, executed, 258. Graaf, Laurent de, enters Vera Cruz, Callego, 86 et seq.; left at Belen, 106, 39'- 107. Gracias a Dios, cape, 2, 91, 130, 391. Gallo island, Pizarro at, 239-241. 468. Gama, Antonio de la, succeeded Rios Grammont, buccaneer chief, at Vera as Governor of Castilla del Oro, 247, Cruz, 391. 302, 308. Granada, Nicaragua, founded by Cor- Gama, Vasco da, reaches India, 82, 379. doba, 229, 230; 255, 263; plundered, Gamboa, 7, 307. Gamez, Pedro de, 198. 391, 402, 465. Granada island, 79. Ganges, sought by Columbus 73, 86, 90, S., crosses Panama, 298. 92. Grant, Ulysses of with Columbus, 113; Garabito, Andres, false friend of Balboa, Gregorio, Genoa, at Portobelo, 145- 204, 205, 208, .254. or San Juan del Norte, 92, Garachine point, 3, 16, 453. Greytown, Garay, Francisco de, 68, 307. 93- Garivito, Francisco, 200. Griego, Juan, pilots Drake, 359.

Gasca, Pedro de la, arrives at Nombre Griffins, at Huiva, 97. Tabasco and de Dios, 260; suppresses rebellion in Grijalva, Juan de, went to Peru, 262; recrosses the Isthmus with San Juan de Ulloa, 90, 307, 231. the king's treasure, 264-267. Groniet, Francois, flibustier chief, 26, at Gateway, to the Pacific, 7, 438, 499. 463; killed Guayaquil, 467. Gatun, old village on the Chagres, 8, Guaca valley, 249. welcomes Colum- 10, 13, 307; Lake, 7, 10. Guacanagari, cacique, Gayny, George, buccaneer, drowned in bus, 58, 59, 71, 75- Darien, 454. Guacas, old graves, in Chiriqui, 27, 93, Gibraltar, sacked, 392; held by Morgan, 249; manner of burial, and contents, 406. 324- Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 295. Guadalupe island, 69. Gisborne, Lionel, explores Caledonia Guaiga, river in Veragua, 94, 95- see also bay route, 298. Guaimi Indians, 6, 288, 323; of. Giumba, aged Indian, 90. Aborigines; Panama, Indians Gobernadora island, 199. Guajiro, or chief, 327. Goethe's prediction for the U. S. 297. Guam, captain Swan at, 466. Island. Gold, 5, 6, 27, 50, 56, 58, 67, 74, 90, 95, Guanahani, see Watling 100, 117, 121, 134, 146, 150, 159, 199, Guanaja, island reached by Columbus. 213, 221, 235, 242, 249, 264, 284, 360, 89- 434, 452, 467, 478. Guanata province, 199. Golden Cap, Indian chief, 443, 447. Guanin, impure gold fabricated by the Golden Castile, 2, 6, 134. Indians, 79, 92, 119, 121, 132. Golden Chersonesus, 73. Guarda-costas, 139, 380, 397, 399.

Five hundred forty-three INDEX

Guardia, La, another name for Antigua, Hayna, river in Hispaniola, 75. 215. Heguera, Juan L. de, governor of Vera- Guarionex, cacique, 88. gua, 288. Guatemala, 67, 223, 280. Helps, Sir Arthur, 59. Guayacan, Indian dance, 323. Henry VIII., of England 338. Guayaquil, 242, 450, 462, 467. Heredia, Pedro de, founds Cartagena, Guerra, Cristoval, given license to ex 124, 248, 249. plore, 81, 118., Hermida, Juan de, castellan of San remains with the Guerrero, Gonzalo, Lorenzo, 399. Indians, 164. Hermosillo, Juan G. de, reports on inter- or Guetares, guacal Indians, 324. oceanic roads, 309. barrio of 288. Guinea, Portobelo, Hernan, Francisco, 160. Gutierrez, Diego, governor of Costa Hernandez, Francisco, 185. Rica, 254-256. Hernandez, P. P. F. M., describes Chiri- Gutierrez, settles in Felipe, Veragua, qui Indians, 289. 251-253; goes to Peru, 254, 269, 291. Herrera, Antonio de, historian of the Gutierrez, Julian, in Uraba, 249. Indies, 129, 135, 144, 160, 176, 201, Gutierrez, Luis, favors the Honduran 202, 226, 237, 243, 253, 334. route, 309. Hesperus, a king of Spain, 31. Guzman, Alonso E. de, crosses the Is- Hinojo macho, remedy for snake-bite, thmus, 306. 283. Guzman,- Antonio Tello de, 20, 185; Hinojosa, Pedro de, enters Old Panama, first at the site of Panama, 191, 192. 258-262. Guzman, Hernando M. de, 260, 261. Hispaniola, or Espanola, discovered and Guzman, Juan de, 258. settled by Columbus, 57, 87, 104 et Guzman, Juan P. de, president of seq.; 117, 127, 135, 147, 157, 200, Panama, opposes Morgan, 413, 421, 217, 221, 232, 247, 383; see also Haiti; 423, 426, 432. Santo Domingo. Guzman, Luis de, govemor of Panama, 280. Hamaca, 52, 56, 329. bought at the Canaries on the Guzman, Pedro L. H. de, 497. Hogs, Second Voyage, 68; 149, 217, 349 386. H. Holmes, William H., describes the anti- quities of Chiriqui, 324. Habitans, French settlers, 468. Holy Brotherhood, 67. Haiti, discovered and settled by Colum- Honduras, 90, in, 221, 222, 230, 231, bus, 33, 57, 60, 69, 89, 100, 104, no; 232, 251, 254, 296, 301. 376, 380, 383; see also Hispaniola; Hore, A. de, governor of Panama, Santo Domingo. drives out MacGregor, 12. Hakluyt Society, 196, 383. Horn, Cape, 452, 468. Hall, James, strait-seeker, 295. mountain, 5. Hamilton, Alexander, born on Nevis, Horqueta 381. Horses, importance of, in the conquest of the carried on the Sec- Haro, Francisco de, killed before Old Amerinds, the Panama, 422, 423. ond Voyage, 67; enter Cibao, 72; with Harris, Peter, buccaneer captain, killed of Ojeda, 131; Nicuesa, 132, Balboa mounted. before Panama, 441 et seq. 147, 149; 166, 170; of of Hartop, Job, escapes the Spaniards, 341. Espinosa, 198; Davila, 218; of four Hatuey, cacique, 486. abandoned, 230; Salcedo, 232; with Pizarro in ludicrous Hawkins, John, first slaver in the Carib- 1524, 236; with Pizar- bean, 338; attacked by the Spaniards incident, 239 ; twenty-seven ro in with 248, at San Juan de Ulloa, 341; battles 1531, 244; Heredia, on a white with the Armada, 366-368; dies at 249; St. James one, 250; from Nat4 and Pueblo 283; Porto Rico, 369; 372, 380, 388. Nuevo, Hawkins, Richard, invades the South buccaneers on, 467. Sea, 310, 369, 448. Hosier, Admiral, 10, 308. Havana, Cuba, 2, 112, 393, 402, 474, Hospital, of Ancon, 19; of Old Panama, 482. 275; of Portobelo, 288.

Five hundred forty-four INDEX

Hout, George, buccaneer leader, 467. Paterson, 473; Acla-San Miguel pass, Howard, Lord, 336, 367, 372. 487; Portobelo-Chagres-Panama route, Huacas, see Guacas. 488; see also Canal Routes and Pro- Hudson, Henry, in Hudson river, 295. jects. Huiva, perhaps Limon bay, 97, 98. Interrogatories, by the Spanish Crown, Humboldt, Alexander von, defines inter- 77, 278. oceanic routes, 296, 297. Invincible Armada, assails the English, Hurricane, 55, 88, 122, 498. 366, 367. Hurtado, Bartolome', 165, 168, 190, 196, Iron Fort, at Portobelo, 12, 290, 394, 198, 200, 219. 397;see also San Felipe. Hurtado, Benito, given a golden armor Irving, Washington, biographer of Col- by Cacique Cebaco, 25, 199; alderman mubus, 51, 68, 293. of Panama, 226; founds Fonseca in Isabella, queen of Spain, 37, 39, 40, Chiriqui, 228, 230, 231. 62, 74, 86, 100, in, 139, 186, 260. Hutia, or Utia, kind of coney, 56, 383. Isabella, second settlement on Hispani- ola, 72-75. I. Isla de Oro, see Golden Island. Isla Grande, 12. I. C. C., Isthmian Canal Commission, Isla Rica, or Isla del Rey, 17, 176, 193, 10, 13, 19, 22, 198, 296. 203, 212. used for Iguana, food, 53, 56, 335. Isla Santa, first part of the American Illanes, Juan de, 258. continent viewed by Columbus, 78. Illingsworth, Captain, at Taboga, 24. Island of Pines, west of Caledonia 20. Illinois, steamship, passengers killed, bay, 15. town Ilo, of, 450. Isla Barbas, or Mulatas, 14, 107. Imibe, chief on Guanaja, 89. Islas de las Perlas, see Pearl Islands. Ina, or chief, 323. Isle a Vache, resort of the buccaneers, Incas, Peruvian, 227, 241, 257. 4<>5. 407. 469- Independence, of Panama, declared, 18, Isle of Pines, off Cuba, 109, 373. 19, 25. Isthmian guard, 8. India, 33. 35. 42, 65. 85, 184, 187. Isthmus, the, see Panama, Isthmus of. Indian Ocean, 85, 86, 100. 184. J. Indians, taxed, enslaved, and exterminat- ed, 3, 49, 59, 72, 89, 93, 101, 109, Jamaica, discovered by Columbus and 121, 134, 144, 164, 184, 202, 233, 255, called Santiago, 65, 73; Columbus 319, 500; see also Aborigines of the wrecked on, too, 108, 109; settled Isthmus; Panama, Indians of. by Esquivel, 109, no, 131; reached Indies, meaning America, 63, 65, 75, 76, by Bastidas, 121; Ojeda arrives at, 80, 87, 94, in, 118, 125, 130, 154, 138; Valdivia wrecked near, 163; hogs 160, 177, 188, 201, 233, 252. and supplies in, 217, 255; taken by Inquisition, the, 38, 66, 256, 260, 366, the English, 383; friendly to the 374- buccaneers, 377, 388, 393, 398 Morgan Interoceanic Routes and Traffic, water- at, 405, 434, 468, 469; the Scots arrive way sought by Columbus, 293; at, 489 et seq. "Straits of Panama," 294; strait found Jardines, or Queen's Gardens, 89, 109. by Magellan, 295; Humboldt's routes, Jefferson, Thomas, letter on Canal pro- 296; across Isthmus of Panama, 297; ject, 298. Caledonia Bay route, 298; supposed Jenkins, Robert, ear cut off by Captain passages, 299; sought by Cortes, 300; Fandino, in 1731, 399. by Davila in Nicaragua, 301; Chagres- Jerez, Garcia de, at Gallo island, 241. Panama route, 302-7, 399; in Hon- Jerez, Rodrigo de, seeks the Khan of

duras, 309 ; gateway remains at Tartary, 55- Panama, 310; opinion of Champlain, Jeronimite Fathers, 207, 211. 310; passes not improved by Philip, Jesuits, in modern Panama, 18; in Old 313; Vera Cruz-Acapulco route, 313; Panama, 279. Portobelo-Old Panama road, 313; tab- Jesus of Lttbeck, ship of Hawkins, 338; ulated routes, 296, 317, 473; by taken by the Spaniards, 341.

Five hundred forty-five INDEX

John, king of Portugal, 36, 63. Las Casas, Pedro de, father of Fray Jolly, Robert, councillor of Caledonia, Bartolome, 68. 477- La Serena, captured, 450. Jonah, Rabbi Benjamin ben,34. La Sound, buccaneer captain, 12, 14, Josephine, empress of France, born 1 8, 396; Key of, 457, 460. on Martinique, 68. Laudonniere, Rene de, 295, 396. Juan, Spanish prince, 75, 76. Laughton, L. K., on Morgan, 337, 435. Juan Fernandez, islands of, buccaneer* Lavelia, 463, 466; see also Los Santos. at, 384, 450, 451, 468. La Villa, 25; see also Los Santos. Juan Salguero, islet, 289. Lawyers, disliked, 148; prohibition on, Juana, Spanish princess, 75. 150, 152, 185, 186, 244, 248. 208. Juego de Canas, 104, Ledesma, Pedro de, pilot with Columbus, of Junta, to consider project Columbus, in alleged voyage of 1497, 86, 90, 93; 37-39, 66. swims ashore at Belen, 106; wounded K. in mutiny on Jamaica, in, 115. Lego, Bias de, 308. Kane, Captain, U. S. N., u. Lele, medicine-man, 320. Keats, John, quoted, 172. Leon, Hernan Ponce de, first com- Kelley, Frederick M., canal promoter, mandant of Panama, 200, 212; cam- 299. paigns with Pedrarias, 228, 232 233. Kinhills, Captain, bombards Portobelo, Leon, Juan Ponce de, with Columbus 397- on second voyage, conquered Puerto Knight, William, buccaneer captain, Rico, discovered Florida, 67; dog of, 463- 170; seeks a strait, 307. Knollys, Francis, with Drake in the Leon, Nicaragua, 208; founded by Cor- West Indies, 362. doba, 229; 232-234; Contreras revolt Kubla Khan, 16, 41, 42, 50, 55, 81, begins at, 263; sacked by buccaneers, 89, 90. 39i, 465. Leoncico, Balboa's dog, 170. L. Lepe, Diego de, explorer, 81, 119. flibustier Labat, Pere, 387. Le Picard, chief, 463, 467. flibustier in Panama La Boca, former name for the port of L'Escuyer, chief, Balboa, 22, 23. Bay, 463. Libros de las 82. La Calle de la Puentezuela, 279. Profecias, License, of 1495, to discover, 75, 118, Lacenta, chief of the Dariens, 455 ; his palace, 457; allows Wafer to go 127. the home, 459. Lima, "City of Kings," founded by La Costa de la Oreja, 91. Pizarro, 17, 238, 262, 359, 360 432. on the Cruces Lactantius, disbelieved in Antipodes, Limarette, road, 307. 37- Limon, port of, 93.

Lagartos, river of, 7, 302; see also Limon Bay, 8, 9, 23, 97, 107. Chagres. Line of Demarcation, 65, 389; see also Bull of and Laguna de Chiriqui, 5, 6; see also Donation; Appendix. Chiriqui Lagoon. Lisardo, Pedro de, dies in defense of La Huerta, 91. San Lorenzo, 412. Landa, lieutenant of Contreras, 266; Llama, Peruvian, 176, 239, 242, 359. hanged at Venta de Chagre, 267. Llanos, or plains, 4, 26. La Rua, Alonsa P. de, captures Nata, Llerena, mining settlement in Veragua, 25, 194; loses his life, 195. 271. Las Casas, Bartolome de, bishop of Lloyd, surveys for canal, 297. Chiapa, protector of the Indians, his- Loaisa, Garcia J. de, passes through torian of the Indies, 50, 56, 68, 79, Magellan's Strait, 300, 311. 80, 88, 107, in, 130, 136, 137, 138, Lolonnois, worst buccaneer captain, 391; 146, 154, 158, 161, 162, 202, 204, 211, loots Maracaibo, 392. 254, 256, 486. Long, Richard, locates the Scots, 481, Las Casas, Francisco de, lieutenant of 482, 484. Cortes in Honduras, 222, 223. Lopez, Domingo, surveys for canal, 297.

Five hundred forty-six INDEX

Loris, Rogel de, regidor of Panama, 226. Mansfield, Edward, ablest buccaneer Los Reyes, 118, 250. admiral, 391, 402; attempts to found a buccaneer death Los Santos, town of, 4, 24, 25, 463 466. state, 392; of, 393. Lucayans, 50, 51. Manzanillo, toxic tree, 290, 331, 452, Lucayos, 50, 51; see also Bahamas. 480. Lugo, Pedro F. de, governor of Santa Manzanillo Point, 12; island and port, Marta, 125. 403. Mar of Luque, Fernando de, acting-vicar of Dulce, Davila, 220; of Solis, Panama, 21, 235, 236; signs contract 294. with Pizarro and Almagro for the sub- Maracaibo, gulf of, 118; city of, plun- jugation and partition of Peru, 237 dered, 392, 406. et discovered and named seq. ; made bishop of Tumbez, 243; Margarita, by death of, 238, 243. Columbus, 79, 80, 81; visited by Lussan, Raveneau de, 391; in Panama Niflo, 119. Bay, 463, 465, 466. Margarite, Pedro, 73, 74. Maria de Toledo, Dona, vicequeen of M. the Indies, 112, 130, 251, 269. Maria Enrique, settlement on the Cam- MACANAS, 104, 165, 179. 33O, 333. ino Real, 7, 306. Mac Gregor, Gregor, takes Portobelo, 12. Mariato Point, 25. Machete, 275, 384, 456. Machuca, Diego, descends the San Juan Marigalante, 67, 69. slave from Tabasco who river, 254, 270, 301. Marina, girl Cortes as Mackay, Daniel, councillor of Caledonia, accompanied interpreter, 164. 477; devoured by sharks, 497. Mariner's Macket, captain, buccaneer, 441, 479. Compass, 35. Marinus of Madeira islands, 31, 71, 478. Tyre, 33. on Fourth Madinino, island of Amazons, 62, 68, 87. Mark, surgeon Voyage, in, 116. Madoc, the Welshman, 34. Madrid, Alonso de, alcalde at Nombre Markham, Clements R., quoted, 208, 226. de Dios, 159. Marmora, termination of Fourth Voy- Magalhaes, Fernao de, see Magellan. age, 1 08. Magdalena River, 120, 122, 320. Maroons, see Cimarrones Magellan, Ferdinand, finds a waterway Marquez, Diego, lost on Guadalupe, 69. to the South Sea, 239, 258, 295; killed Marquez, Diego, contador, 185; opposes by Filipinos, 300, 358; strait of, 311, Balboa, 206; 226. 375. 399- Martin, Alonso, first Spaniard to sail Mahomet's Paradise, 229. upon the South Sea, 173. Maia, 90, 91, 163, 200. Martinique, Carib island, birthplace of Maintenon, Madame de, resides on Josephine, 68, 87, 388. Martinique, 68. Martyr, Peter, 160, 162, 166, 171, 211, Maisi, cape, 56, 57, 73, 85. 213. Maize, in America, 55, 89, 98, 101, 145, Maryland, Eastern Shore of, 294. 148, 161, 163, 177, 180, 213, 229, 252, Matachin, on the Chagres, 7, 307. 264, 276, 288, 349, 417, 433, 456. Matan, Magellan killed at, 358. Mala Point, or cape, 24. Matapalo, giant vine, 26. Managua, contained 40,000 natives, 229- Matelotage, among the buccaneers, 387. 232. Mayonabex, Cacique on Haiti, 62. Manati, 61, 89, 334. Mayrionex, Cacique, 71. Manchineal, trees and apples, 452, 480; Mazamorra, intoxicating drink, 330. see also Manzanillo. Medina-Celi, Duke of, friend of Colum- Mandeville, Sir John, extended know- bus, 38. ledge of the world by his travels, 33, Medina-Sidonia, commands the Invinci- 34- ble Armada, 366, 367. Mandinga Bay, 14, 298. Mejia, Hernando, welcomes Gasca, 261. Mangi, sought by Columbus, 33, 57, Melendez, Pedro, governor of Portobelo, 1 08. 395-

Five hundred forty-seven INDEX

Mendez, Diego, notary on Fouth Voy- Monte Capira, near Portobelo, 394. Monte age, visits the Quibian, 102; 103, :o6, Cristi, 71, 72. 107, dangerous canoe voyage to Haiti, Montejo, Francisco de, urges a road in lOp.-III. Honduras, 309. Mendez, Rodrigo, killed for insurrec- Montenegro, Gil de, 236. tion, 280. Montesinos, the historian, 227. Mendoza, Cardinal, "the third king of Montezuma, 203, 300; Guaimi chieftain, Spain", 37. 326. Mendoza, viceroy of Peru, 264. Montgomery, James, councillor of Cale- Menelaus, 31. donia, 477, 482. of Meneses, Captain, 17, 190, 191. Montijo Bay; 25, 199; town Montijo Merced, convent of, 278, 279; suburb founded, 287. of Portobelo, 289. Moors, 37-40, 66, 67, 74, 86, 89. Meriato, mining settlement on the South Morales, Bernardo, 203. first at the Pearl Sea, 272, 273. Morales, Caspar de, and Meridian, 8oth, 2. islands, Birii, 185, 193, 194. Morant Mestizos, 26, 325. 278. keys, 89. in the battle of Old Mexico, 86, 90, 131, 164, 188, 221, 223, Morgan, Bleary, Panama, 422. 230, 256, 339, 378, 465. Micer Codro, astrologer, 206. Morgan, Edward, 401, 436. buccaneer Michel le Basque, flibustier chief, 392. Morgan, Henry, admiral, 8, classed with Miel, port and river of, 15, 16. 12, 22, 23; Julius Caesar, serves under sold Milla, Manuel, adjutant at Agla, 299. 376; Mansfield, 393, as chief of the buc- Millan, Barros de, 280. bondsman, 401; Portobelo, 404; Mindanao, buccaneers at, 466. caneers, 402; captures loots Maracaibo and Gibraltar, 406; Mines, of Estrella, 4; of Tisingal, 4; of sham battle at St. Catherine, 409; ar- Cana, 17, 470; of Remedios, 26; of rives at San Lorenzo, the Hispaniola, 72, 75; 92, 130; of Vera- 413; trip up reaches gua, too, 283, 285; of Cenu, 148; of Chagres river, 414; Barbacoa?, a la savana, 417; stops over Darien, 150 et seq., 327; of Llerna, 416; in Cruces, 418; opposed by In- 271; 130, 179, 232, 264; of Guaimi, night his men feast upon the 272; of Concepcion, 253, 272, 286; of dians, 419; battle on the savana, 421; Meriato, 273; of Acla, 331; 379, 441, cattle, 420: assault and of Old Panama, 469. capture returns to and escapes "Miocene bridge", 320. 426; Chagre with the carried Miraflores, station, 10. treasure, 434; pris- oner to knighted by Miranda, proposition of, 297. England, 435; Charles returns to Jamaica Miranda valley, in Veraguas, 326. II., 435; and the 436; Mislaw, fermented drink, 323, 481. prosecutes buccaneers, without Modyford, Thomas, governor of Jamai- dies issue, 437. in the battle of Old Pana- ca, favored the buccaneers, 393, 402, Morris, John, 4St 434. imprisoned in the Tower, ma, 422. Morrito 6. 435, 436. Point, Molina, Alonso de, at Gallo island, 241, Mosquito Gulf, 6. 242- Mosquito Indians, 384, 386, 442, 453, Moluccas, or Spice islands, 217, 220, 361. 468. Mona, island of, 73. Mosquito Point, 14. Monis, Dona Felipa, married Columbus, Mosquito Shore, 91, 393, 44- 33- Mota, Inigo de la, 308. Monjaraz, Licentiate, disputes the con- Mt. Hope, cemetery, n. friend of Colum- quest of Veragua, 270. Moya, Marchioness de, Monkey Hill, n. bus, 40. Monkey Point, 4. Mulatas Islands, 14, 121, 141, 152. Monkeys, 79, 92, 335. Mules, see Packtrains. Monroe Doctrine, 19. Mummified bodies, 92, 330, 333. Monserrate, named by Columbus, 69. Mufioz, list of Europeans left at Navi- Montbars, the Exterminator, 391. dad, 63, 64.

Five hundred forty-eight INDEX

Mufioz, Fernando, friend of Balboa, by Pedrarias, 230; Salcedo succeeded 204; executed with him, 307, 208. by Pedrarias, 232; San Juan river Muscovy Company, 295. explored, 232, 254, 260, 270, 301; re- on Mutineers, Hispaniola, 72, 74, 80; volt of Contreras brothers, 262. on in. Jamaica, no, Nicaragua, Lake, called Mar Dulce by Mutis, port its of, 25. D4vila, 220; outlet explored, 220, 232, 254, 263, 301. N. Nicholson, Governor, 484. Nicoya, Cacique, 219; gulf of, 199, 219, NABORIAS, vassal Indians, 329. 221, 230, 263, 451, 465. Nam, Cape, 32. Nicuesa, Diego de, 2, 6, 13, 14 ,16, Naos, port of, 9; island of, 23, 281. 107, 1 08; first governor of Castilla Narvaez, Panfilo de, 138. del Oro, 127, 129; disputes with Natd, Indian chief, 25, 194. Ojeda, 130; aids his rival at Calamar, Nata Indian village discovered by La 133; lands at Puerto de Misas, 141; Rua, 25, 194; Badajoz at, 195; set- wanders in Veragua, 142-144; re- tled by Espinosa, 228, 230; negotiates settles Belen, 144, 145; deserts Belen, with the Duke of Veragua, 270; 276, 145; driven from Portobelo, 146; 285, 286; native settlements near, founds Nombre de Dios, 146; invited 287; 432. to Antigua, 152; driven from Antigua, Navarrete, Martin F. de, 64, 116, 333. 153; death of, 154, 158, 160, 161, 169, Navassa, island of, 109. 184, 194, 207, 211, 213, 250. Navidad (the Nativity), first settle- Nilcos, port of, 284. ment on Haiti, 47, 60, 63, 66; de- Nina, famous caravel, 41, 45, 47, 59, stroyed by natives, 71, 107. 60, 62, 63, 67, 73, 75. Navio de Permiso, 314. Nino, Andres, the pilot, goes to Spain Navy bay, 8, 9. for Albites, 212; with Balboa and Negroes, 13, 19, 20, 26, 74, 202, 208, Davila, 217; discovers gulf of Fon- 242, 253, 272-278, 286, 288, 291, 380, seca, 221. 386, 395, 448, 453, 462, 482, 493; Nino, Pedro Alonso, the pilot, explores see also Cimarrones. with Guerra, 75, 81, 118. Nelson, Lord, 381. "No Peace Beyond the Line," 389. Nevis, discovered by Columbus, 70; Nombre de Dios, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21, 87; birthplace of Hamilton, 381; 453, 468. port visited by Columbus, 95, 107; New Albion, 361. founded and named by Nicuesa in New Cadiz, 79. 1510, 146; 152-154; abandoned by New Edinburgh, on Caledonia Bay, 480; Nicuesa's party, 159; 160; Badajoz deserted by the Scots, 488; resettled, lands at, 194; 212; resettled by Al- 491; taken by the Spaniards, 497. bites in 1519, 213, 225, 250; begin- New Granada, 20. ning of the Camino Real, 213, 272, New Laws, of 1543, 256, 261. 303; Rios arrives at, 231; Francisco Xew Panama, 432, 439; see also Pan- Pizarro at, 243-249; under Gonzalo ama, Present City of. Pizarro, 257-261; during Contreras New Providence, island, 469. Rebellion, 262-267; a poor harbor and New World, 32, 50, 62, 67, 68, 74, unhealthy, 276, 308; description of, 107, 112, 119, 128, 131, 159, 163, 176, in 1575, 276; a den of thieves and 183, 200, 232, 250, 260, 378, 386, 390, graveyard of travelers, 304; its re- 471. moval advised, 304, 310; described by New York, 51, 57, 485, 489, 491, 497. Alcedo, 308. New-Found-Land, 294, 301, 311; see Norman, Captain, buccaneer command- also Bacallaos. ant of San Lorenzo, 414, 431. Nicaragua, Indian chief, asked remark- Norris, John, with Drake in Portugal, able questions of the Christians, 219- 368. 223. Norsemen, discover America,34, 60. Nicaragua, 27; coasted by Columbus, 91; North Sea, 2, 254, 260, 271, 280, 301, 172, 187, 206; first invaded by Davila, 311; see also Caribbean Sea. 217 et seq.; Bruselas, Granada, and Noya, Juan de, escapes the Indians of Leon founded, 229; C6rdoba beheaded Veragua, 105, 114.

Five hundred forty-nine INDEX

Nuestra Senora de Belen, see Belen. Oxenham, John, sails with Drake, 17. Nuestra Senora de la Antigua, see An- 343; at Nombre de Dios, 345, 350; tigua. crosses the Isthmus to gulf of San Nuestra Senora de las Palmas, 287. Miguel, 351; first English commander Nueva Andalucia, province granted to to invade the South Sea, 351; pursued Ojeda, 2, 130, 131, 141, 147. IS'. l84I by Ortega, 352; capture and execution see also Uraba. at Lima, 353, 360; his guns retaken

Nueva Isabella, 80. by Barker, 395 ; 280, 485. Nueva Jaen, 232. Ozama, river, 80, 87. Nueva Lisboa ,in Code, 288, 289. P. Nueva Segovia, 391. Nunez, Alonso, alcalde mayor, 145. PACHECA, island of, sea-fight near, 464. Nutibara, Indian chief, 250. Pacific Mail Steamship Co., n. Pacific Ocean, 2, 4, O. 15, 17, 36, 170, 181, 220, 239, 264; see also South Sea. OJEDA, Alonso de, 2, 16; with Columbus Pack-trains, or recuas, 21, 264, 314, on Second Voyage, 67, 69, 72; cap- 350, 356, 427- tures Caonabo, 75; 79, 107; makes Pacora,i92, 281. voyage to Paria, 117-120; starts first Palacios, Diego G. de, 309. settlement on the mainland, 127, 129; Palenque, 7, 14. appointed governor of Nueva Anda- Palomino, Rodrigo A., loyal to Bastidas, lucia, 130; fight at Turbaco, 133; 122-124. founds San Sebastian in Uraba, 134; Palos, town of, 39, 40, 41, 45, 63, 119. wrecked on Cuba, 137; dies in Santo Panama, Aborigines of, 319 et seq.; see Domingo, 139; 141, 146, 151, 137, 159. also Panama, Indians of. 184, 1 86, 236, 249. Panama, Animals of, 333-336. Ola, Indian village, 276, 287. Panama, Bay of, 20, 23, 24, 206, 225, Olancho valley, 231. 439 et seq. Olano, Lope de, captain general to Ni- Panama, Canal of, 9, 10, 19, 293 et seq.; cuesa, 6, 28, 131; in the Rio Chagre, see also Canal Routes and Projects; 144; resettles Belen, 145; in chains at Interoceanic Routes and Traffic; Nombre de Dios, 152; favored by Chagres River. Balboa, 159. Panama, Congress of, 19. Old Panama (Panama Viejo), see Pan- Panama, Governors of, 508-517. ama, Old City of. Panama, Gulf of, 17, 18, 24, 173, 175, Old Providence, island, 5. 462, 464. Olid, Cristobal de, sent out by Cortes, Panama, Indians of, 319 et seq.; Cunas, 222, 301. Dariens, and San Bias, 14, 15, 321; Oliver, Jack, incites a riot, 20. Guaimis or Codes, 323; Bugabas, Ordaz, Diego, 138. Dorasques, 324 Guaimis, Valientes, Orinoco, river, 78, So, 118, 119. and Cricamolas, 5, 6, 325; of Uraba, Oropendolas, 289. 330; had forgotten their own lan- and Oppenheimer, Franz, quoted, 380, 385. guage, 281 ; tribes of Chiriqui Ortega, Juan de, sent after Oxenham, Veragua, 287; see also Aborigines of 351; recovers the treasure, 352. the Isthmus. Osorio, Pedro G., governor of Veragua, Panama, Isthmus of, geography and 286, 330. orography, i, 2, 3, 4, 8, 14, 23, 33; Otoque, isle of, 276, 448. western half discovered by Columbus, Ovando, Nicolas de, governor of His- 85, 93, 97; first settlement at Belen, paniola, refuses to aid Columbus, 82, 98-107; eastern half discovered by 87, 88; no, in, 129; relieved by Bastidas, 117, 121, 128; Nicuesa at Diego Colon, 130. Belen and Nombre de Dios, 141, 144, Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo F. de first 146; Encisco and Balboa at Darien, chronicler of the Indies, 20, 143, 157, 150, 160; first crossed by Balboa, 170, 160, 181, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191, 193, 172, 174; subjugation of, under Pe- 203, 208, 211, 214, 2:5, 228, 231, 233, drarias, 183-200; the Spaniards move

237. 244, 247 248, 252, 284, 309, 327, south to Panama Bay, 225 ; Nicaragua 329, 333, 335- and Peru discovered from, 217, 235;

Five hundred fifty INDEX

rebellious attempts to control, 247. of, 26; threatened by Vernon and 257, 262; a strait sought at, and Anson, 399; blockaded by the bucca- early efforts for canal, 293, 294, 33I neers, 446, 447; in the time of the the summit of the world, and portal Scots, 483, 496. of the South Sea, 304, 308; aborigines Panama, Railroad of, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, of, 319 et set].; raided by Drake, 346, 10, n, 26, 198. 356. 37; ravaged by privateers and Panama, Republic of, limits of, like

crossed and I buccaneers, 394, 396; the Isthmus, ; formerly a state of robbed by Morgan, 401 et seq.; the Colombia, 3; extent and area of, 3; buccaneers march over, to the South boundary with Costa Rica, 4, 27; colonize Sea, 439 et seq.; the Scots with Colombia, 15, 16; declares inde- Darien, 471 et seq.; governors of, 508- pendence of Colombia, 19; treaty with Da- 517; see also Castilla del Oro; the United States, 19. rien; Veragua. Panama, Straits of, 294. 20. Panama, "Massacre" of, Panciaco, Indian chief, gives Balboa Panama, Old City of, 7, 8, 13, 18, 20, first information of the South Sea, Indian 191; 21, 22, 24; fishing hamlet, and of Peru, 162; 169, 177, 179, 184, and Albites arrive at, 192; Guzman 189, 191, 235. post established by Espinosa, 198, Paria, first part of the American con- abandoned Hernan 200, 208; by tinent reached by Columbus, 78 et founded Ponce de L,eon, 200, 212; by seq.; 117-120, 128. of Pedrarias, 211, 212, 213, change Paria, Indian village, 287. bv Oviedo, Gil capital opposed 214; Parima, lake, 149. a coat- Gongalez at, 218, 221; given Paris, Indian chief, 24; defeats Bada- first of, 226; of-anns, 225; regidores joz, 195; 198, 211, 212; dies in bed, Pe- early expeditions from, 227-229; 213; 3i9- sails for drarias from, Nicaragua, 230; Parita, 24, 25. Rios In- arrival of governor at, 231; Parker, William, privateer, sacks Por- slave market discovery dian at, 232; tobelo, 12, 280, 288, 395; departs for and conquest of Peru from, 235 et home, 396; see also Plan of Puerto seq.; Royal Audience at, 247, 273, Bello. held 280; pillaged by Bachicao, 258; Pasamonte, treasurer at Santo Domin- taken Con- by Hinojosa, 259; by go, favor purchased by Balboa, 159, defeated treras, 265; Bermejo at, 266; 167, 169. harassed by Cimarrones, 274, 275, Paterson, William, promotes the Darien and 280; hospital, cathedral, convents, Colony, 15, 297, 462, 471; lives in the 274, 275, 279; descriptions of, 273-281, West Indies, 472; seeks to hold the 425; port of, 276, 280, 281; revenues doors of the seas and the keys of the of, 274, 280; prices of provisions, 282; universe, 473; sails with the colony. climate and diseases of, 282, 286; 478; returns to Scotland, 489. snakes at, 283, 336; roadways to, Pawawas, 320, 460. improved, 302-307; portal of the Payta, buccaneers at, 467. South Sea, 308; citizens of, vote not Paz, Martin de, at Gallo island, 241. to move, 308; plate-fleet arrives at, Pearl Coast, 79, 81, 117, 128. 313; viewed by Drake, 353, Basker- Pearl Islands, in the gulf of Panama, ville fails to reach, 371; assault and 17, 24; discovered by Balboa, 176; capture of, by Morgan, 421-426; de- first invaded by Morales and Pizarro, stroyed by fire, 426, 427, 428, 435; 193; Balboa at, 203, 205; 218, 236; of

rebuilt on a new site, 432. Venezuela, 79, 81 ; 276, 446, 462. Panama, Present City of, port of the Pearls, 73, 117, 119, 121, 122, 175, 177, south coast, 7, 8; during the Cali- 187, 193, 325. fornia gold fever, 8, 20; founded in Peccary, 92, 149, 289, 330, 334, 383, 1674, 18, 432; description of, 18, 19, 4S7, 459- 24, 439; walls and fortifications of, Pedrarias (Pedro Arias de Avila), gov- 18, 440; independence declared at, 18, ernor of Castilla del Oro, 15, 17, 19; first pan-american congress in, 20, 183, 184; with distinguished com- 19; the Illinois affair, 20; inhabitants pany, sails for Darien, 185; lands at

Five hundred fifty-one INDEX

Santa Marta, 186; welcomed by Bal- Philippine Islands, 249, 361. of back to boa to Antigua, 18;; starts a line Philips, Miles, gets England, Posts to the South Sea, 189; kills of? 34i. of the natives, 189 et seq.; envious Pieces-of-eight, 382, 387, 452. Piedra in Balboa, 193; founds Acla, 196; pros- pintada, Chiriqui, 325. F. of Pana- ecutes Balboa, 188, 201; et seq.; lures Piedrahita, Lucas de, bishop ma, 448, 512. Balboa to Acla, 205; tries and be- Pierre Le Grand, wise buccaneer, 390. heads Balboa, 206-208; formally es- Pike, Robert, drunk and disorderly, 356. tablishes city of Panama, 212, 225; Pimienta, Juan D., governor of Carta- buries Sosa, 214; refuses to aid Dav- to seize gena, drives the Scots from Cale- ila, 218; sends Cordoba in donia Bay, 496, 497. Nicaragua, 225, 229; took no part Pineda, Alonso A. de, looked for a quest for Peru, 230, 236, 237, 244; strait, 307. sails from Panama for Nicaragua, Pines, or Pifios, island, 14, 15, 344. 230; dies at Leon, 233; grandsons Pinkerton, Robert, councillor of Cale- of, head a rebellion, 262-267. donia, 477, 479, 482. Pedregal, 26, 199- Pinta, caravel of Columbus, 41, 45, 47, Pedro, chief of the Cimarrones, 35. 56, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63- 357- Pinzon, Martin A., ship-owner and Pedro, chief of the Dariens, 470, 481, backer of Columbus, 39, 40; comman- 483, 494, 495- der of the Pinta, 41, 45, 47, 48, 55, Pelican, 358; see also Golden Hind. 61, 63. Pena, Cristobal de, fails to settle the Pinzon, Vicente Y., volunteered to go duchy of Veragua, 270. with Columbus, 41; captain of the Penalosa, cruel to the Indians, 193. *94- Nina on First Voyage, 45, 48, 59; Pennicuik, Robert, councillor of Cale- discovers Brazil, 81, 82, 119; disputed donia, 477, 481, 489. voyage of, 86, 90, in. Pennon, 97, 98. Pinzon- Vespucci-Solis - Ledesma Voyage Penonome, 24, 25, 19,5, 287. (1497), 90. and Pequeni, town river, 7, 37- Piraraylos, 332. Cristoval Peralta, de, 241. Pirates, 21, 22, 310, 375, 382, 389, 411; Peraza, Vicente de, bishop of Panama, see also Buccaneers. 20, 226, 248. Pirre, mountain, 17. Perestrello, Bartolommeo, navigator, 33. Pisa, Alonso de, 252, 255, 256. Perez de Marchena, Juan prior of La Pitcher, William, 359. Rabida, 39. Pizarro, Francisco, 13, 16, 21, 23, 68; Perez, Rodrigo, friend of Balboa, 203, with Ojeda at San Sebastian, 131, 137, 208, 214. 146, 247; under Balboa in Darien, Perico, island, 23, 24, 276, 281, 447. 151, 160, 173, 181; hears of Peru, Perico ligero, 330, 333! see '> Sloth. 162, 176; 187, 192, 203; arrests Bal- Peru, 21, 23, 68, 131; first intimation boa 205, 206; 227, 230; of ignoble an- of, by Panciaco, 162; second birth, 235; first expedition for Peru, nouncement of, by Tumaco, 176; Bal- 236; contract with Almagro and boa the logical pacificator of 187, 208, Luque, 237; second expedition, 238; the for, 209; 227, 230, 233; quest at Gallo island, 241 ; capitulation 235, et seq.; contract for subjugation with the Crown, 243; third and suc- of,, by Pizarro, Almagro, and Luque, cessful attempt to conquer Peru, 244; 238; robbed by Drake, 359, 360; har- assassinated, 257. assed by the Buccaneers, 450, 451, Pizarro, Gonzalo, ablest of the brothers, 462, 467. 244, 257; sends Bachicao and Hino- Pese, 25. josa to seize the Isthmus, 258-261; Peso de ocho reales, 387. defeat of, and execution by Gasca, Petit Goaves, 388, 484. 257, 262. Philip II., king of Spain, 8, 12, 13, Pizarro, Hernando, 244, 257. 154, 3io, 313, 340, 362, 372. Plantains, 282, 417. Philipina, settlement on the South Sea, Plate, river of, 294, 358, 359, 378; 272, 273, 287. island of, 450, 451, 453.

Five hundred fifty-two INDEX

Plate-fleet, see Galeones. Portugal, 30 et seq.; 74, 118, 177, 184, Pliny, belief of, 33. 365, 377, 38o. Pocorosa, Cacique, 14, 107, 178, 179; Posts, line of, from sea to sea, 189, 190, captures Santa Cruz, 191, 192, 196, 191, 196, 200, 212, 213. J97, 327- Prescott, W. H., 237, 238, 240, 243, Pointis, M. de, 376, 468. 299. Poisoned arrows, 132-137, 147-150, 160, Prince, English, to be crowned king of 186, 190, 196, 237, 248, 331, 364. Tierra Firme, 426, 428. Polo, Marco, travels of, 33, 47, 49, 50, Prince Henry, of Portugal, the Naviga- 62, 69, 71, 79, 81, 85, 92. tor, 31, 32. Ponca, Indian chief, 14, 161, 170, 179, Prince, Lieut-Col., in the battle of Old 189. Panama, 422. Indian Poncra, chief, 177. Prince Maurice, 403. Ponte of y Llerena, Pedro, president Privateers, 21, 276, 309, 375, 389, 394: Panama, 466, 512. see also Buccaneers. Porque, cacique of Quarequa, 171. Protestants, arrayed against Spanian! on Fourth Porras, Diego de, notary 375- 92; heads a no, 114. Voyage, mutiny, Ptolemy, geographer, 33, 80. Porras, Francisco de mutinies on Jamai- Pueblo de Indios, 307. ca, no, in, 114. Pueblo Nuevo, see Remedies. Port Drake, California, 361. Pueblo Rio Chico, see Alanje. Port Morant, Jamaica, 89, 498. Puente, Alonso de la, treasurer of Cas- Port Pheasant, Drake at, 343, 344. tilla del Oro, 185, 226; opposes Bal- Port Royal, Jamaica, headquarters of boa, 205 206. the English buccaneers, 377, 383, 388, Puerto Bello, see Portobelo. 397, 4<>7. 437, 4 8 9. Puerto Carreto, 15, 479. Port Scrivan, 14, 396; see also Puerto del Retrete. Puerto Cortez, 222. Puerto de Port St. Julian, 358. Caballos, 309. Puerto de Misas, 14, 141, 144. Portobelo (San Felipe de), or Puerto Puerto de Naos, see Limon Bello, 3, 7, 8, n, 12, 21; discovered Bay. Puerto del Pizarro and named by Columbus, in 1502, Hambre, at, 236. Puerto del Retrete (Escribanos), Port 95-98; the Biscaina abandoned in, Scrivan of buccaneer 107; Bastidas reached near, in 1501, history, 14, 95; see also El Retrete. 1 08, 121 ; Nicuesa lost twenty men at, in 1510, 145, 146, 280, 284; populated Puerto Escocs, 15 see also Caledonia in 1597, from Nombre de Dios, 288, Bay. 310; description of, 288, 314, 393, Puerto Gordo, 97. 402; had four suburbs, 289; climate Puerto Limon, 93. of, 289, 313, 314, 393; "the best har- Puerto Plata, 71, 72. bor in all the Indies", 290; defenses Puerto Principe, Cuba, 402. dis- of, 290, 372, 394, 398, 402; entrepot Puerto Rico (San Juan Bautista), of north coast and terminus of Ca- covered by Columbus, 65, 67, 69, 70, mino Real, 306, 307, 3 '4! had but 87, 124, 170, 375. ten houses in 1586, 310; arrival of the Punta Burica, 26, 27, 200 465. galleons and annual fair at, 313, 314; Punta Mala, 24, 25, 463. occupied by Drake, 371; Drake buried Punta Manzanilla, 12, 117, 121, 213. off, 372, 373; tiempo muerto at, 394; Punta Mariato, 25. taken by Parker, 395; governors of, Punta Mona, 4, 27. 395, 398, 403; held and looted by Punta Mosquito, 14, 108, 121, 161. Coxon and I/a Sound, 397, 440; cap- Punta San Bias, 14, 107, 121. bombard- tured by Vernon, 397, 398; Q. ed by Kinhills, 399; forts of, rebuilt, no domestic, found 399, 4391 taken and robbed by Mor- QUADRUPEDS, large gan, 404; declines to ransom San in New World, 176. Indian risited by Lorenzo, 434; negroes at, trouble- Quarequa, province ^8. some, 291, 482; Scots; urged to go Balboa, 171, 173, fall 383- against, 487, 493. Quebec, of,

Five hundred fifty-three INDEX

Quebi, term for chief, 319. Ribaut, Jean .strait-seeker, 295, 396. Queen's Gardens, south coast of Cuba, Ribera, Doctor, 260. 89, 109. Ribera, Nicolas de, adherent of Pizarro. Quevedo, Fray Juan de, first bishop of 233, 237, 241. Darien, 185, 188, 190, 193, 201, 207, Ribero, Diego de, 142-144, 215. 211. Ringrose, Basil, buccaneer and writer, Quibian, The, chief of the Indians of 442, 446, 449, 453; killed at Santa Veragua, 6, 98, 99, captured by the Pecaque, 465, 486. Spaniards, 102; escapes from Juan Rio Chagre, see Chagres River. Sanchez, 103; drives Don Bartolome Rio de la Estrella, 4. 285, 291, 292. from Belen, 104, 105, in, 144, 228, Rio del Desastre, 91. 252, 3i9. Rio Francisco, 336, 357. Quibio, see Quibian. Rio Grande, Panama, 197. Quibo, buccaneers at, 448, 450, 465; Rio Hacha, town of 120, 338, 370. 407. see also Coiba. Rios, Gutierrez de los, 231. Quinones, Pedro R. de, president of the Rios, Pedro de los, governor of Cas- Audiencia, 280. tilla del Oro, succeeds Pedrarias, 228, Quintana, quoted, 60, 125, 162. 230, 231, 247, 283; sends Serna and Quintanilla, friend of Columbus, 37, 40. Corzo to explore the Chagres, 302, Quintero (and Rascon), owners of the 508. Pinta, 41. Rising Sun, sails from Scotland for Quito, city of, 257. Darien, 491; wrecked at Charles- Town, 498. Robertson, William, historian, 238. Rabida, Santa Maria de la, Franciscan Roberval, Sieur de, explored in the Monastery, befriended Columbus, 39- north, 295. 41. Robinson, Tracy, 2. Raleigh, Walter, 364, 368. Robles, Doctor Francisco, sends Bada- Rancheria, town, 370, 395, 407. joz to the Rio San Juan, 254, 259; Rascon (and Quintero) with Columbus oidor of the Audiencia, 270; governor on First Voyage, 41. of Panama, 301, 509. Raspadura canal, 296. Roc-de-la-Roche, first chief of the flibus- Rause, Captain, with Drake, 344, 347. tiers, 392. Raynal, Abbe, 376, 390. Rocha, I,uis de la, 226. Realejo, sea-coast town of Nicaragua, Rodney, Admiral, whips De Grasse, 68. 263. Rodrigo de Triana, first to see land, 47. Rebellion, on the Isthmus, 257-267. Rojas, Gabriel de, post commander at Recuas, see Pack-trains Acla. 196, 201; conquistador in Nica-

1 Redonda island, 70. ragua, 229, 23 ; explores the San Reef-rock, at Portobelo, 290. Juan river, 232, 254. Regidores, 21, 226; see also Glossary. Roldan, Francisco, alcalde mayor of Remedies, town of, 26, 287. Hispaniola, rebellion of, 80, 88, no. Repartimiento, 157, 185, 271, 272, 284, Rose, Hugh, journal quoted, 479-482. see also Glossary. Rose, Jean, flibustier chief, 396, 463, Requerimiento, El, 132, 148, 186; see 465- also Appendix. Rua, Alonso P. de la, hunts Nata, 25, Requisition, The, see Requerimiento. 194; loses his life, 195. Restrepo, Vicente, quoted, 458. Ruiz, Bartolome, pilot to Peru, 239-243. 8. Reta, Miguel S. de la, sent to the Runnels, Ran, Duke of Veragua, 270. S. Retez, Francisco M. de, governor of Portobelo, 398. Saavedra, lieutenant of Cortes, 230-232. Retrete, see Escribanos. Saba, island, 70. Rey, island, 17, 281. Sabana River (Rio Balsas), 177, 202- Reyes, Los, 118. 204, 218. Ria Lexa, 465, 466; see also Realejo. Sacativa, Indian chief, defeats the Ribas, Miguel J. de, 226. Spaniards, 189.

Five hundred fifty-four INDEX

St. Andrew, fort at New Edinburgh, 291, 310; captured by Vernon, 398; 480. rebuilt by Sala, 399; taken by Brad- St. Ann's bay, 109. ley, 412; demolished by Morgan, 434; St. Augustine, cape, 119; post in Flor- Mina imprisoned in, 512. ida, 364, 391. San Lorenzo, town of, 26. St. Christopher's Hill, 279. San Miguel, gulf of, i, 2, 16, 17, 24, St. Eustacio, island, 70. discovered by Balboa, 173-175; visited St. James, appears, 66, 240, 249, 250. by Morales, 194; navigated by Balboa, St. John, island, 70. 202 et seq.; explored by Andagoya, St. Kitt's (St. Christopher), first foot- 226; invaded by the buccaneers, 441, hold of the English in West Indies, 446, 451. 453. 463; oldest trans-isth- 70; French and English on, 363, 381, mian route, 474, 487, 488. 468. San Nicolas, bay and cape, 57. St. Martin, island, 70. San Pablo, Indian village, 287. St. Philip, Portuguese carrack, 365. San Pedro, Indian village, 287. St. Thomas, island, 70. San Roman, Father, 212. Sala, Ignacio de, governor of Cartagena, San Rosario, plate-ship, 452. 399- San Salvador, first land discovered by Salaya, Hernando de, suspicious death Columbus, 48, 49; see also Guanahani; of, 226. Watling Island; Salaya, Sancho de, alcalde mayor, 208, San Sebastian, in Uraba, 16; third 214. attempt at settlement on the Tierra- Salcedo, Diego L. de, governor of Hon- firme, 134; Ojeda wounded at, 135; duras, 229, 232. driven out by the Indians, 136, 137; Salguero, Rodrigo, in rebellion, 262; Encisco and Balboa at, 149; deserted killed at Old Panama, 266. by the Spaniards, 150, 151, 159, 237, Salmeron, Juan de, alcalde mayor, 228, 249. 231- Sanabria, alcalde in Veragua, 253. Saludo, Francisco, abandons the de- Sanchez, Juan, allows the Quibian to fenses of the Chagres, 419. escape, 103; killed on Jamaica, in; Salvatierra, Hispaniola, 157, 158. 113- Samana, bay of, 61, 71. Sanchez, Spanish sea captain, 34. Samballas, 14, 396, 441, see also San Santa Catarina, or Old Providence, is- Bias. land taken by the buccaneers, 392; re- San Bias, point of, 14; bay of, 14 298, taken by the Spaniards, 393, 511; re- 317; Indians of, 14, 321; islands of, captured by the buccaneers, 409, 434, 357, 396, 441- 469. San Felipe, fort at Portobelo, 12, 290, Santa Cruz, island, 70, 87, 130. 394-398. Santa Cruz, (Bahia Honda), first at- San Felix, town, 26; Indian village, 287. tempt of Spaniards to populate main- San Francisco, cape of, 360. land of America, 129, 134. San Geronimo, port, 272. Santa Cruz, initial post, captured by San Juan, pueblo on the overland road, Pocorosa, 14, 141, 189, 191, 196. 7, 307; river of, 7, 307. Santa Cruz, on the Chagres, 307, 417. San Juan de Nicaragua, 92, 93, 371. Santa Fe, founded by Vasquez, 25, 271, San Juan de Puerto Rico, 369. 273, 286, 287. San Juan de Ulloa, 296, 339, 366; see Santa Gloria, port 109-111. also Vera Cruz. Santa Maria, flagship of Columbus on San Juan River (El Desaguadero), First Voyage, 41, 45, 57; wrecked on

visited by Columbus, 92, 93 ; examined Haiti, 59; used to build Navidad, 60. by Ddvila, 220, 221, 229; explored by Santa Maria, town on the Tuira river, Estete and Rojas, 231, 232; descended 1 6, 17, 23; raided by the buccaneers, by Machuca and Calero, 254, 301; 441, 445; threatens New Edinburgh, navigation of, 256, 260, 301; as site 483, 487, 496. for canal, 297, 301, 312, 317. Santa Maria de la Antigua del Darien, San Lorenzo, castle at mouth of Cha- see Antigua. gres river, 8, 28; erected by Antonelli, Santa Marta, discovered and founded by

Five hundred fifty-five INDEX

Bastidas, 133-135, >Si; Colmenares Snakes.on the Isthmus, 283, 336, 465. and Pedrarias at, 186; Pizarro at, 244; Solis, Juan de, 86, 90 294. Solomon's in Gasca at, 261; burnt by Drake, 343, mines, Veragua, 100. town in 37- Sona, province of Veraguas, 25. Soria Santangel, Luis de, assisted Columbus, Luce, Domingo de, at Gallo island, 241. 40, 63. Santiago, 86, 88, 105, 106, 114- Sosa, Juan de, priest, 251, 254. Santiago, Cuba, Bastidas dies in, 124. Sosa, Lope de, governor of Castilla del Santiago, town in Veraguas, 25. Oro, 203, 211, 213, 214, 217, 229, Santiago, Indian village, 287. Soto, Hernando de, at Darien, 185, 206; Santiago del Principe, peopled by Cim- in Nicaragua, 222, et seq. arrones, 291. Sotomayor, Alonso de, governor of Santo Domingo, island of, see Hispan- Panama, 286, 509, 510. iola. South Sea, or Pacific Ocean, 2, 17, 21, Santo Domingo, city of, 80, 87, 88, 107- 26; first news of, by Panciaco, 162; iii, 121, 122, 124, 129, 132, 147, 159, discovered by Balboa, 172; first navi- 167, 180, 211, 229, 236. gated by Martin, 173; 180, 200, 211, Santos, La Villa de, 24, 25, 277- 287. 229, 269, 272; waterway to, found by Saona, islet of, 88. Magellan, 300; followed by Loaisa, Sarabia, Juan de, writes doggerel, 240. Drake, and others, 300, 359, 369; Sargasso Sea, 46, 69. held inviolate by Spain, 313, 399, Sasardi Point, 15. 420, 432; raided by the buccaneers, Sauce, Juan de, 218. 439; greatest and richest side of the Savannas, 4, 22, 417, 421. world, 473. Sawkins, Richard, buccaneer chief, 387, South Sea Company, 398. 431, 441, 445-448; killed at Pueblo Spanish Main, 342, 343, 348, 391; set Nuevo, 449. also Tierra Firme. Scilly Isles, 357, 395- Sphericity of the Earth, 34, 37, 42, 47. Scott, Lewis, first privateer to loot a- Spice islands, 31, 33, 42, 54, 66, 82, shore, 391. 86, 184, 217. Scruggs, William L., quoted, 9, 10. Springer's Key, 14. Searles, Captain, at Taboga, 429. Squier, E. G., 209, 230. Selfridge, Thomas O., reports on Dar- Stephens, John L., a founder of the ien, 297. Panama Railroad, 10. Segovia, buccaneers in, 467. Strabo, held Atlantic extended to east- Serna, Hernando de la, explores the ern shores of Asia, 33. Chagres river, 28, 302. Strain, Isaac G., seeks a canal route, 10, Serrano, Cristobal, brings reinforce- 15, 488. ments to Balboa, 168. Strait, sought by Columbus and others, Serrano, Juan, famous pilot, 185. 85, 1 08, 293, et seq.; found by Ma- Sharp, Bartholomew, buccaneer comman- gellan, 295, 300; navigated by Loaisa, der, in the Caribbean, 396, 414, 426, Drake and others, 300, 311, 359, 369; 434; in the South Sea, 441, 444, 447- location forgotten, 311; at Panama, 452; acquitted of piracy, 453, 486. 294, 311, 313; at Tehuantepec, 294; Siguera, Juan L- de, governor of Vera- of Santa Maria, 311; of Le Maire, gua, 286. 452- Silva, Nuno da, the pilot, 358. Suerre, river, 255. Simeroons, see Cimarrones. Sugar-cane, brought to America from Simon, Fray Pedro, 249. the Canary Islands, 68. Simon, Lc Sieur, 391. Sullivan, John T., reports on routes, Sixola river, 4, 27. 298. Slavery, in Spain, 74; see also Indians; Surinam, coast of, 118. Negroes; Swan, Captain, buccaneer chief, 462, Sloth, 290, 330, 333. 464, 465, 480. Smith, John, looks for strait, 295. Swattee, in Darien, 474. Smuggling, 380. Swine, see Hogs.

Five hundred fifty-six INDEX

220, 233, 344, 255, 272, 288, 395; see also Spanish Main; Castilla del Oro; TABASCO, Mexico, 90, 403. Paria; Venezuela; Santa Marta; Pan- Tabernilla, town, 4:9. ama, Isthmus of. Tabira, Juan de, factor, 185, 192. Tigres, 330, 444. Taboga Island, 23, 24; Badajoz and Rua Tirichi, Indian village, 166, 167. on, 195; Pedrarias at, 212; Pizarro Tison, Thomas, 375. sails from, 236; 259, 276, 281, 420; Tobacco, used by the Indians, 49, 55, 56, the Trinidad eludes Captain Searles 323- at, 426; buccaneers at, 447, 448, 449, Tobaga, island, 79. 462, 463; Townley whips the Spanish 440, 441. cruisers at, 466. Tocamoro, Todos Los Santos, named by Balboa, Tabor, Indian town, 195. Tabraba province, 199. 178. Toe Tafur, Licientiate, 240, 241. (Isla Rica), 176. takes Talamanca, 271, 323. Toledo, Federico de, St, Kitts, Talavera, Fernando de, 37, 40. 381, 382. Tamame province 197. Toledo, Francisco de, viceroy of Peru, Tambaygos, 278. 360. Tanela river, 16, 297. Tolu, 349, 355, 394. Tapia, Gomez de, strung up at Venta Topocante, in Darien, 495. de Chagre, 265. Toreba, in Nicaragua, 222. Tapirs, 330, 334. Toro Point, lighthouse and breakwater Taracuri, Indian village, 195. at, 9. Tarbo, Indian town, 123. Torra province, 199. de at Tataracherubi, Indian chief, 194. Torre, Joan la, Gallo, 241. on Torres, Antonio de, 66, 72 74. Tax, Indians, 75 ; see also Reparti-

miento ; Encomienda. Torres, Luis de, 55. Taybo, Cacique, 123. Tortuga, island of, named by Columbus, Tecuria, conversed with the Devil, 332. 57; headquarters of the Buccaneers, Tehuantepec, isthmus of, as interoceanic 382, 383, 390, 391, 407. route, 296, 297 315, 317. Tortugas, islands, 108. Teneriffa, Pico di, 31. Toscanelli, Dr. Paulo, sends chart to Teoca, Indian chief, 177. Columbus, 35, 42. Tequinas, or masters, 329. Totonagua, Indian chief, 194. Terranova, 295. Town of the Keys (Cayos), 434. Terreros, Pedro de, captain of the Townley, Captain, buccaneer chief, 24,

Gallego, 87, in, 115. 463-465 ; fight at Taboga, 466. Tertre, Du, 385. Town-Meeting, first held in the New Testigos, islands, 79. World, 151, 152. Testu, Le, Captain, joins Drake, 356, Trade-winds, 46, 87 ,357. 357- Trautwine, J. L. surveys in Panama, Thomas, Duvivier, at New Edinburgh, 296. 481. Treaty, Hay-Bunau-Varilla, 3, 19; of Thorne, Robert, 295. Basle, 112; of Utrecht, 314; of Tiba, or chief, 319, 332. Tordesillas, 379; of America, 389, Tiburon, cape of Colombia, 3, 15, 16, 435; with the Dariens, 467; of Rys- 1 08, 215; cape of Haiti, 390, 408. wick, 469, 472; Clayton-Bulwer, Tickle Me Quickly Harbour, 15. 474- Tides, in Caledonia Bay, 15; at Colon Tree-top Indians, 97, 165, 328. and Panama, 23; in gulf of San Triana, suburb of Portobelo, 393, 395, Miguel, 175, 446. 403- Tiempo Muerto at Portobelo, 394. Trinidad, town, 25; island, 78, 79, 122, Tierra Firme, 2, 14; reached by Colum- 383; LaVilla de, 284; on the Rio bus, 79, 85, 89, et seq.; by Ojeda, Belen, 285; river, 307. Nino, Guerra, Pinzon, and Bastidas, Trinidad, ship, 429; 447, 450, 451, 453. 118, 119, 122, 127, 129; granted to Tristan, Diego .captain of the Capitana, Ojeda and Nicuesa, 130 et teq.\ 141, killed by Veraguans, 104, 105, 1:3. 147, 151, 157, 168, 183, et seq.; 211, Tristian, Captain, privateer, 457, 484.

Five hundred fifty-seven INDEX

Tropics, 142, 372, 471, 479. Valdes, Francisco V. C. de, captain with Trota, settlement in Veragua, 271. Pedrarias, 185.

Trujillo, Peru, 242. Valdes, Ramon M. t 23, 164, 321. Truxillo, Honduras, 89 ,230, 232, 371, Valdivia, Cavalier, regidor of Antigua, 372, 402. 151, 158; sacrificed by Indians, 163, Tubanama, King, 162, 163, 169, 319; 167. spared by Balboa, 178, 179; resists Valdivieso, A. de, bishop of Nicar- Ayora, 190-192. agua, 262, 263. Tubugantee, 473, 474. Valenzuela, Spanish officer, 147, 198, Tuira river, 2, 16, 17, 441, 445, 487. 199- Indian surrenders Tumaco, chief, pearls Valiente Indians, 5, 325; peninsula, 5. to Balboa, 175; gives Balboa second Valladolid, later Comayagua, 309. intimation of Peru, 176, 177, 187, 235; Vallejo, Francisco de, defeated at rows Morales and Pizarro to the Centi, 190. Pearl Islands, 193. Valparaiso, Chile, 451. Tumbaga, impure gold, 324. Valverde y Mercado, Francisco de, Tumbez, Peruvian city reached by Pi- moves Nombre de Dios to Porto- zarro, 239, 242, 243, 262. belo, 288, 310. Tunaca, Indian chief, 193. Van Horn, buccaneer leader, takes Turbaco, in Uraba, 132, 134. Vera Cruz, 391. town Turbo, of, 139. Varco, (and Texeira) sailed down Bar- Turey, or heavenly, 59. bary coast to Bojador, 32. Turkeys, found in 198. Nicaragua, Vareclas, Indian chief, 228. Turluri river, 272. Vargas, Juan de, priest, 244. Tntibra, Cacique, 193. Vasco Nunez, see Balboa, Vasco Nu- or Tuyraes, devils, 200, 329, 330. nez de. Vasquez, quoted, 248. U. Vasquez, Francisco, first governor of Veragua, 270; founds Santa Fe, Con- ULLOA, Antonio de, 6, 25, 26, 27; de- cepcion, and Trota, 271, 273, 285, scribes the animals of Panama, 335, 286. 336; at Portobelo, 393. Vaux, W. S. W., 362. Umbria, Pedro de, pilot with Nicuesa, Vaz, Lopez, writes of Nombre de 144. Dios, 346. United Fruit Co., 5. Vega, Garcilasso de la, 241, 264. United States, 4, 9, 19, 27. Vega Real, Hispaniola, 72, 75, 88. Uraba, gulf of, i, 2, 14, 15, 16, 108, Vegara, Juan de, with Ojeda at Santa 118, 127, 130, 134, 139, 141, 149, Cruz, 128, 129. 151, 187, 215, 236, 249, 284, 317, Veitch, William, councillor of Cale- 343, 474; Indians of, 135. M9, 289, donia, 477, 494. 330; province of, 15, 16, 122, 149, Vela, Vasco Nunez, arrives at Nombre 159. de Dios, 257. Urira, region of, 100, 101. Vela, cape, 2, 118, 120, 130, 184, 339. Urraca, Indian chief, 227, 228. Velasco, Diego F. de, ordered to look Ursua, Pedro de, 308, 509. for a strait, 311. Utia, see Hutia. Velasco, Juan L,. de, describes Ver- Urunia, or war-chief, 323. agua, 284-286. V. Velasquez, Diego, governor of Cuba, 131, 222, 228. Vaca, Alonso, governor of Veragua, Vendables, southwest winds, 394. 287. Venezuela (Little Venice) Coquibacoa, Vaca de Monte, see Tapirs. authority to colonize given to Alonso Vaila Monos, 307. de Ojeda, 78, 81, 128; gulf of, 107, Valderrabano, Andres de, with Balboa 129, 392. when he discovered the South Sea, Venta Cruz, see Cruces. 181; beheaded with Balboa, 203, 204, Venta de Camalilla, inn on the Ca- 207, 208. inino Real, 7, 307.

Five hundred fifty-eight INDEX

Venta dc Chagre, where the Camino . Villafuerte, Pedro de, conspires against Real crossed Chagres river, 7, 307. Bastidas, 122-124. Vera, Andres de, priest with Balboa, Villalba, Rodrigo de, stabs the rebels, 172, 181. 266. Vera Cruz, Mexico, 90, 222, 296, 313, Virgin islands, named by Columbus, 388, 391, 408. 70, 369- Vizcaino, 86, 97, 105, 107, 109, 115. Veragua, Duke of, lineal descendant of Volcano, of Chiriqui, 27. Christopher Columbus created, 112, 251; sends Pefia to settle Veragua, W. 269; his duchy to the relinquishes WAFER, Lionel, buccaneer doctor and crown, 270. historian, 14, ?

governors of, 270, 273, 287; hot, hu- Williami III., king of England, 468, 476, 481, 484, 485. mid and unhealthy, 271, 273; bal- Willoughby, Sir Hugh, tries for a lasted with gold, 100, 250, 284, 285; northeast passage, 295. towns of, 287; Indians of, 95, 98, Windward Channel, 57. Winter, John," deserts Drake, 359. 102, 227, 252, 287, 320, 323 et seq. Women, Indian, 60, 232, 233, 322, Veragua river, 6, 98, 99, 102, 103, 142, 323, 327- 145, 251. 272, 286, 355. X. Verde, cape, 31, 32; islands, 34, 82, XAGUA, Cuba, 137. 379, 54- Xaquixaguana, Gonzalo Pizarro be- Verdugo, Melchor, takes Nombre de headed at, 262. Dios, 260. Xaragua, no. Vernon, Edward, 8, 12, 290, 382; de- Y. clared he could take Portobelo, 397; Yaqui river, Hispaniola, 61. captures Portobelo and San Lorenzo, Yerva del Gallo, 336. 398; futile attempt on Panama, 399; Yucatan, discovered by Cordova and Alaminos, 90, 163. 5I5- Yucatan Channel, 86. Verrazanno, Giovanni de, finds Chesa- Yunque, Cuban mountain, 54. peake Bay, 294. Z. Vespucci, Amerigo, his name affixed to New World, 67, 81, 86, 128. ZACATULA, Mexican port, 300. or zambaigos, 325. Viboras, or Pedro Shoals, 163, 515. Zambos, Zamudio, Martin, chosen alcalde at of the to Viceroyalty Indies, granted Antigua, 151, 153, 158, 169, 183. Columbus, 40; taken from Columbus Zapatero point, 6. Zapatilla cay, 5. and his family, 81, 86, 118, 127, 251. Zarobaro, islands, 255. buccaneers Vikings, analogous to, 389. Zevallos, Juan C. G., castellan of San Vildemos, looted, 402. Lorenzo, 398. Zenu, cemetery of, 249,; see also Cenu. Villacorta, Alonso M. de, builder of Zorita, Juan de, captain with Pedrarias, New Panama, 18, 432, 439, 512. 185.

Five hundred fifty-nine